THlfC TRANG KitN THU'C V^ AN TOAN VE SINH THU'C P H A M C O A NGU'ai S A N XUAT, CHt BI^N THU'C P H A M TAI HUYEN THIEU HOA-THANH HOA
Trjnh Thj Hu^o-ng, Pham Duy Tufrng*
Trung tarn Y te du-phong Thanh Hoa
*Trir<mg Dgi hgc YHa Ngi
TOM TAT
Nghien cO-u nhSm d^nh gi^ thyc trgng ki6n thuc v6 v§ sinh an to^n thyc ph^m ciia nguo'i s^n xult, ch^
bi^n t^i Huy^n Thi#u HoS-Thanh Hoa n3m 2010, Thi^t l<^ nghi§n ci>u m61^ cit ngang chgn miu chu dich 215 doi tuvng 1^ chu ca sfr Ihyc ph^m/tryc ti^p sSn xu^t, Itinh doanh, chi bi^n thyc pham. Ket qu5 cho th^y ngu'i'i tham gia s^n xu^l v^ ch6 bi^n liiyc ph^m c6 I<i6n llii>c v l nguyfin nhSn gSy 6 nhi§m thyc ph^m, each phbng ch6ng ngO d^c thyc phlm c6n hgn dnh: n>a tay tru'6'c l<hi ch^ bi4n vA sau l<hi di v$ smh 77,2%, thyc hj0n quy trinh ch^ bien mql chilu 34,4%, I<h6ng mkc cac bgnh ISy truyen qua thyc phAm 43,2%, trS I6'i diing tcit ca c^c c^ch phbng chong ngO dqc thyc pham 31,6% va 15,3% Ccic doi tu'O'ng tra \(y\ dung t i l ca cac nguyen nhan gay 6 nhi6m thyc ph^m Kien Ihirc v l Vhhm sue Ithoe dinh l<y d l ph^t hi^n b^nh cho ca nhan IS 84,2%, phong b^nh cho ngi^Di Wn^c 6,5% va Ithong c6 10*1 ich gi 9.3%. S6 li^u nghien ciru la co- so cho nhung hpat dpng cai thien an toan v$ sinh Ihyc phJim c6 hieu qua.
Tu" khoa: l<ien thuc, thyc hanh, san xuat, an toan ve sinh thuc phlm
I. DAT VAN DE
Theo bao cao thong ke ve ngo dgc thuc pham trong toan quoc, trung binh moi nam co 181 vu ngo dgc thuc pham voi 5.211 ngudi mac va 48 nguoi tir vong. Mot trong nhirng nguyen nhan ngo dgc thuc pham va nhirng moi nguy CO ke tren do la su thieu cac thong tin, kien thirc dam bao an toan ve sinh thuc pham cua nhirng ngudi quan ly, kinh doanh, san xuat, che bien va tieu diing [I]. Nhung nguai san xuat, che bien, kinh doanh thuc pham an uong chii yeu chua duac dao tao, tiep thu va ap dung cong nghe tien tien con han che, san xuSt che bien con mang tinh nho le. Doi khi do thi^u hieu biet kien thirc ve sinh an toan thuc pham va luat phap ma v6 tinh kinh doanh budn ban
nhiing thuc pham khong dam bao chat lugng.
De CO CO so khoa hgc de ra nhumg bien phap quan ly nang cao chat lugng ve sinh an toan thuc pham chiing toi tien hanh nghien ciJru de tai nham muc tieu: Oanh gia thuc trang kien thirc ve ve sinh an toan thuc pham ciia ngudi san xuat, che bien thuc pham tai Huyen Thieu Hoa-Thanh Hoa nam 2010.
II. PHUOTNG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1. Doi tuffng va thoi gian nghien ciru:
- Co sd kinh doanh che bien thuc pham dang dugc quan ly.
- Ngudi tham gia san xuSt, cha biSn, kinh doanh thuc pham.
- Thai gian nghien ciiu hr thing 5/2011 den
Tac gia' Pham Duy Tuong Dia chi: Dai hoc Y Ha Ngi Email, [email protected]
Ngay nhan bai: 9/11/2012 Ngay dang bai: 28/2/2013
32 Tap chi Y hoc du phong, Tap XXIII, s6 1 (136)
thing 9/2011. thuc pham/ true tiep sin xuat, kinh doanh, chS 2.2. Thilt kg nghien cuu: Theo nghien cuu big^ thuc pham. Phong v4n true ti^p cac d6i
tugng theo bg cau hoi da dugc thiet ke sin.
2.4. Xir ly vi phan tich so lifu mo ta cat ngang.
2.3. Ch^n mSu
Mau chgn phong vin c6 chii dich [2] tat ca
cic CO sd kinh doanh cha bian thuc phim dang S6 lieu dugc xii ly tren Epidata va phan tich dugc quin ly bao gom 215 ngudi la chii ca sd bang SPSS 16.0.
n i . K E T QUA
Bang 1. Ki4n thuc ve nguyen nhin gay ng$ d^c thu'c phIm
Nguyen nhan 7o
Do thuc pham bi 6 nhiSm vi l<huan 56 26,0 Thuc pham nhiem hoa ch^t baa ve thyc vat 85 39,5 Thyc pham b| 6i thiu 30 14.0 Thu-c pham CO chi>a doc to tu nhien 11 5,2 Tong cac y tren 33 15,3 Tong 215 100
Trong so 215 doi tugng, y kien cho rang nhankhacchiemty le thap nhu do di thiu 14,0%
thuc pham bi 6 nhiem la do hoa chat bao ve va do thuc pham co dgc to tu nhien 5,2%. Tuy thuc vat chiam cao nhat la 39,5%, tiep den la nhien cd 15,3%) cac doi tugng tra Idi diing tat nguyan nhan do vi sinh vat 26,0%, cac nguyen ca cac nguyen nhan gay 6 nhiem thuc pham.
Tap chi Y hpc du phong. Tap XXIII, so 1 (136) 33
Bang 2. Ki4n thuc vk each phong chong ng^ d$c th^rc phim
each phdng chdng ng$ d$c thi^c phSm
An chin, uong s6i
RQ'a tay tru'6'c khi ch4 bi^n va sau khi di v§ sinh
Thyc hien quy trinh m§t chi^u
Nhan vien khong mSc cac b§nh da lieu, cac b§nh lay truyen qua dub'ng thuc pham
Ve sinh sach se Ithu vyc che bi4n thyc phIm
Dam bao tat ca cac yeu c^u tren
Khac
74 93 215
43.2
100
Trong 215 ngucri tham gia san xuat va che bien thuc pham khong dugc mic cac benh da bien dugc hoi ve each phong chong ngo dgc liau la lay truyan qua thuc pham 43,2%), ve sinh thuc pham thi y kian cho rang phai an chin sach se khu vuc che bian 100%) v i 8,9%) doi uong chin la 100%), rua tay truac khi che bian tugng nau tham cac each khac. Dang luu y la va sau khi di ve sinh 71,2%, thuc hien quy trinh tra Idi diing tat ci cic cich phong chong ngo che bien mot chiau 34,4%), nguoi true tiep che dgc thuc pham chiem 31,6%).
n
Muc dich ciia kha
S4,2%
m sire khoe
•
•
D
D
Phdt hi^n b|nh cho ci
De phdng b^nh cho ngviii khAc Khong c6 Igi ich gl
Khfing biet
Hinh 1. Muc dich cua kham SCPC khoe djnh ky
Tap chi Y hoc du phong, Tap XXIII, s6 1 (136)
Khi dugc hoi ve muc dich ciia kham siic khoe dinh ky thi co 84,2% tri Idi li 6k phat hien b?nh cho ca nhan hg, 6,5%) da phong benh cho nguoi khac, 9.3%i tra lai li khong co Igi ich gi va khong cd ai la khong biat.
IV. BAN LUAN
4.1. Kien thirc ve nguyen nhan v^ c^c bien ph^p ph6ng chong ngg d^c thyc ph^m
Thing 12 nam 2005 Bg truong Bg Y ta da CO quyat dinh s6 43/2005/QD-BYT va vi^c ban hanh "Quy dinh yeu cau kien thirc ve an toin ve sinh thuc pham doi vdi ngudi true tiep san xuat, kinh doanh thuc pham" trong do da nau rd va yeu ciu kien thiic doi vdi an toan ve sinh thuc pham khi hanh ngha, quy dinh ve co sd tap huan va to chuc thuc hien [3]. Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay ty le hiau biat ve nguyan nhan gay ngg dgc thuc pham do bi nhiem hoa chat bao ve thuc vat chiam 39,5%, do thuc pham bi 6 nhiam 26%), thuc pham 6i thiu 14%o, thirc pham cd chira dgc to 5,2%). Nghian cim cua Phan Thi Kim tai tinh Ha Tay (2005) chi ra rang hiau biet diing cua ngudi true tiep san xuat, che bian kinh doanh thuc pham ve ngg dgc thuc pham 53,2%o va nguyen nhan giy 6 nhiem thirc pham 80,1% [4]. Theo nghien ciiu ciia Nguyen Thanh Phong va cgng su (2006) tai Ha Npi va Ha TTnh cho thiy ty le ngudi dan hieu diing ve benh truyan qua thuc pham la kha cao 90,5%i [5] va VC Xuan Hoin nghian cuu tai Thanh hoa (2010) ty le niy li 85,7%.[6]. Nhin chung hien tai ngudi cha bian, kinh doanh thuc pham co kien thirc va nguyen nhan ngg dgc thuc pham con nhiau han che.
Trong nghian cuu ciia chiing toi ngudi tham gia san xuat che bi6n, kinh doanh thuc pham khi tra Idi ve each phong chdng ngg dgc thuc pham thi 100%) cho rang li phii ve sinh sach se khu vuc cha bien thuc pham, co 11,2% nia tay trudc khi cha bian, sin xuat thuc pham va sau
khi di ve sinh. Ket qua nghien cim cua chiing toi thap hon cua Truong thi Thanh Van tai Lao Cai (2010) : 100%o s6 ngudi dugc hoi d6u tra Idi njra tay sau khi di ve sinh la can thilt, 96,4%) so ngudi can phai rira tay khi bat dau lam viec, 84,3%) s6 ngudi can phai nia tay sau khi cha bien nguyan lieu tuoi song va 80,7% so ngudi tra Idi can phii rira tay trudc khi tiap xiic vdi thuc pham an ngay [7]. Ngudi che bien, kinh doanh thuc pham co kian thiic phong tranh ngg dgc thuc pham chua that toan dien, phai chang hg chua y thuc dugc su nguy hiam ciia ngg dgc thuc pham va chua chii dgng trong viec nang cao kien thirc ve ve sinh an toan thuc pham hoac CO tha do chua cd nhirng chuong trinh truyan thong giao due ve ve sinh an toan thuc pham thich hgp. Va ciing co the do doi tugng nghien ciiu mai tham gia vao dich vu thuc an duong pho nan chua dugc tham gia vao cac lap tap huan kien thirc VSATTP, do vay ma kien thirc chua thuc su day du.
4.2. Kien thiic ve kham sue khoe dinh ky cua ngiroi tham gia san xuat va che bi§n thyc pham.
Lgi the cua thiic an duong pho li dau tu von it, tao cong an viec lam cho nhiau ngudi dan, phuc vu thuan tien, thuc an da dang doi vdi ngudi tiau diing. Han cha cua thirc an duong pho la nau khong dugc to chiic va kiam soat chat'che se la nguy co gay thiet hai dan siic khoe ciia cong dong. Hieu biet ve tam quan trgng ciia kham siic khoe dinh ki la mot trong nhirng yeu to han che dugc cic nguy co n6i tran. Kat qua nghian ciru ciia chiing toi chi ra rang muc dich cua khim sue khoe dinh ky la da phit hien benh cho ca nhan chiem 84,2%, phong benh cho ngudi khac la 6,5%), va khong CO lgi ich gi 9.3%.. Nghian ciiu ciia Truong Thanh Van (2010) tai Lao Cai chi ra rang hiau diing ve tac dung cua viec kham sire khoe dinh ky kha cao 98,4%) [7] va cung tuong tu nhu ket qua cua Duong Thi Hian tai 3 huyen cua tinh Tap chi Y hoc du phong. Tap XXIII, so 1 (136) 35
Bac Giang ve tim quan trgng ciia vi?c tap huan kian thiic ve kham sire khoe dinh ky li 97,4%
[8] va Phan Thi Kim nghian ciiu d ngu^i true tiep san \u;ii tai mgt so lang nghS thyc pham truyen thong tinh Hi Tay (2005) cho thiy hiau dung ve vai tro ciia kham sire khoe djnh ki 97,2%o; [4], Diau nay cho thay vi^c cung cap kian thirc Ihong thudng ve bi^n phdp phong chong ngg dgc thuc pham rat can dugc quan tam thuong xuyen hon niJa. Mai khic can tian hinh dong bg khim site khoe dinh ki s2 giiip cho ngudi dan hieu va lam theo mgt each ty nguyen.
\ . KET LU.VN
Thuc trang kian thirc ve an toan v? sinh ihirc pham ciia ngudi tham gia sin xuat va che bien thuc pham tai Thieu boa, Thanh hoa nam 2011:
- Nguyan nhan gay d nhiam thuc pham: do hoa chat bao ve thuc vat 39,5%o, vi sinh vat 26,0%, thuc pham bi 6i thiu 14,0%), dgc to ty nhien 5,2%o, 15,3%o do tat ca cac nguyen nhan.
- Cach phdng chong ngg dgc thyc pham:
phai an chin uong soi 100%), nia tay trudc khi cha bian va sau khi di ve sinh 77,2%o, thyc hien quy trinh che bian mot chieu 34,4%), khong mac cac benh lay truyen qua thyc pham 43,2%), tra Idi diing tat ca cac each phdng chong ngg dgc thuc pham 31,6%.
- Kien thiic ve kham siic khoe dinh ky de phat hien benh cho ca nhan la 84,2%, phdng benh cho ngudi khic 6,5% va khong cd lgi ich gi 9.3%.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Lam Quoc Hiing va Cs (2007), "Mgt s6 dac diem dich te hgc cac vu ngg dgc thyc phim trong toan quoc tir nam 2002 dan 2007", Ky
y8u Hgi nghj khoa hgc VSATTP l^n thir 4- 2007, NXB Y hgc. Hi Ngi, tr. 289-200.
2. Dai hgc Y Hi Ngi (2004) "Phuong phip nghien cim khoa hgc trong y hgc va site khoe cgng dong". tr.66-71.
3. Bg Y te (2005), Quyat djnh s6 43/2005/QD- BYT ngay 20/12/2005 cua Bg truong Bg Y te ve vi?c ban hinh "Quy dinh yau cau kiSn thirc ve v? sinh an toin thyc pham doi vdi ngudi tryc tiap san x u i t , kinh doanh thyc phim", tr 1-7
4. Phan Thi Kim, Nguyln Thanh Phong, Le van Bao va CS (2005), "Danh gia kiln thirc thyc hanh ve ATVSTP ciia ngudi tryc tiep san xuat tai mgt so ling nghe san xuat thyc pham truy6n thdng ciia tinh Ha Tay", Ky yeu HNKH VSATTP lin 3-2005, NXBYH, HN2005,tr.330-341
5. Nguyln Thanh Phong, Le Khac Dire va Cs (2006), Dieu tra kian thirc , thai do va thyc hanh ve ve sinh an toan thyc pham ciia 4 nhom doi tugng tai 1 so do thi phia bac, Ky yau hgi nghi VSATTP lin thir 5 nam 2009, tr 380-383,
6. Wu Xuin Hoan (2010), Dinh gia thuc trang benh lay truyan qua thyc phim va kien thirc, thai do, thuc hanh ve VSATTP ciia ngudi dan Thanh Hoa nim 2009", LVBS da khoa, tr39.
7. Tnrong Thi Thanh Van (2010), Nghien ciiu thyc trang 6 nhilm vi khuan thirc an duong pho va mgt sd yeu to lian quan tai thanh pho Lao Cai nam 2010, LVthac sy y hgc, tr.27- 29. 72-73.
8. Duong Thi Hian (2002), Nghien ciru thuc trang d nhilm thiic an cha bian san va kian thirc, thyc hanh ve VSATTP ciia ngudi dan ban thiie an che bien san tai Bic Giang nam 2002, Luan van Cao hgc, truong Dai hgc Y Dugc Thai Nguyen, tr.54.
Tap chi Y hpc du phong. Tap XXIII, s6 1 (136)
STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE ON FOOD SAFETY AND HYGIENE OF PRODUCERS IN THIEU HOA DISTRICT OF THANH HOA PROVINCE.
Trinh Thi Huong, Pham Duy TXiong*
Center of Thanh Hoa Preventive Medicine
*Hanoi Medical University Objective: The study aims to assess the status of knowledge of food safety the production and processing in Thieu Hoa district of Thanh Hoa, 2010. Cross-sectional study design described with a purposeftil sample of 215 subjects is the food shop owner Results showed that participants in the production and food processing knowledge about the causes of food contamination are limited, how to prevent food poisoning: 100%) cooked food and drink boiling, wash your hands before processing
and after toilet 77.2%o, perform a one-way processing 34.4%, not be infected with food bom diseases 43.2%o, correctly answer all the prevention and treatment food poisoning 31.6%. Knowledge of periodic medical examinations to detect diseases for individuals IS 84.2%, others 6.5% and no benefits 9.3%.
Research data are the base for a intervention activides effectively.
Keywords: knowledge, practice, food producers, food safety, Thanh Hoa
Tap chi Y hoc du phong. Tap XXIII, so 1 (136)
