DAO TAO, Bdl DUONG CAN BO, CONG CHOC Tir Gdc NHiN CHUdi KET QUA VA CHI SO DANH GIA
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ang cao chat lupng dpi ngu can bd, cdng chUc Id mdt trong nhUng ndi dung quan trpng cDa cdi cdch hanh chinh (CCHC). Xet cho cung, ket qua cua CCHC dupc the hidn qua phuong thUc, cdch thUc gidi quyet cdng viec cCia cdng ddn, td chUc. Cdn bd, cdng chUc id hinh anh thu nhd cOa ehinh quyen trong mdi quan he giiJa nhd nudc va cdng dan. Hdn nOa, qud trinh CCHC cdn ed su kdt hpp cdc yeu to ddng luc cdi cdch vd nang lye eai each. Qua trinh cai each neu chf cd ddng luc tU bdn ngodi, tU sUc ep cOa cdng ddng xa hdi, cdng ddng doanh nghiep, tU edng ddn thi se khdng the thuc sU day dCi. CCHC can cd ddng luc tU bdn trong, ddng lye thay ddi. Mat khde, ddng lyc CCHC ben trong vd ben ngoai chi phat huy hieu qud khi can bd, cdng chdc cd nang Ipc Idm cdi cdch. Chinh vi vay, ndng cao chat lupng dpi ngu can bd, cdng chdc cd y nghTa tryc tiep, vUa trudc mat, vUa Idu ddi ddi vdi CCHC vd chat lupng nen cdng vy.Cdu hdi dupe dat ra Id, Idm thd ndo de ndng cao chat lupng dpi ngu can bd, cdng chdc? Cdc gidi phdp vd tien lUPng, tuyen dung, ddnh gia da dUpc ndu len, tuy nhien, ddo tao, bdi dudng van dUpe xem Id gidi phdp can ban nhat trong vide hidn thuc hda muc tieu ndng cao chat lUpng dpi ngu cdn bd, cdng chUc.
1. Dao tao, bdl dudng can bp, cong chu'c tCf gdc nhln chudi ket qud dIu ra
Trong ly thuydt quan |\/ ngudn nhdn lUc, dao tao gan lien vdi phdt trien ngudn nhdn luc va gidi phap dao tao, boi dudng nham nang cao chd't lupng cdn bp, edng ehUc trong CCHC Id mdt cdch tidp can phu hpp. Tuy nhien, qud trinh ddo tao, bdi dudng cdn bd, cdng ChUc hien nay cd xu hudng tdp trung vdo cac hoat ddng, cdc ydu td dau vdo thay vi tap (*) HQC vi$n Hdnh chinh
trung vdo ket qud mang tfnh ban chd't Dieu nay thye su Id rdo cdn tdc ddng tidu cpe den hidu qud cOa cdng tdc ddo tao, bdi dudng.
Danh gid qua trinh dao tao, bdi dUdng can bd, cdng chUe trong nhUng nam qua tU gdc dp ly thuyet vd chudi ket qua (result chain), se giup cd cai nhin tha'u dao hdn ve nhUng van de trong ddo tao, bdi dudng cdn bg, cdng ChUc dnUde ta giai doan vUa qua. Ly thuydt vd chudi ket qua phdn bidt ra bdn cap dd khi ddnh gid, dd Id; hoat ddng, dau ra, sU dung dau ra vd ket qua.
Logic cCia dao tao, bdi dudng can bd, edng ChUc thuc td la hudng den kdt qud cudi cung nhu ChUdng trinh tdng t h i CCHC nhd nude giaiddan 2001-2010 daxdcdinh Id: "Tuyet d^i bd phan can bd, cdng chdc cd pham chat tdt va du nang Ida thi hanh cdng vu. tan tuy phuc vu sd nghiep phat trien dat nddc, phijc vu nhan ddn". Kdt qua dao tao, bdi dudng cdn bd, cdng chUc phai tao ra sy thay ddi trong chd't lupng hoat ddng cija cdn bd, cdng chdc, cha't lupng heat ddng cdng vy. Dd mdi thpc sy la ket qud cudi cung, ban chat nhdt cija qua trinh dao tao, bdi dudng.
Tuy nhien, trong giai doan vUa qua, qua trinh ddo tao, boi dudng can bd, cdng chUe dudng nhU chua tiep can theo hudng tu duy chudi ket qud ndy. Khi thdng ke vd cdng tdc ddo t^o, bdi dudng cdn bd, cdng chUc, cdc bdo cao ddnh gia mdi chf dUng Ipi d viec thdng ke vd hoat ddng vdi sd lupng khda hdc, Idp hpc, sd lupng lUpt cdn bd, cdng ehUe tham gia, danh gid vd chUOng trinh, tdi lieu. NghTa Id viec ddnh gia mdi dUng lai b ddnh gid hopt ddng ma ehUa di vdo bdn chat cua van dd.
Bdn than cac hoat ddng mdi la yeu td dau vao, chua cd cd sd bdo dam se tao ra nhUng ket qud nhU mong dpi. SU nham Idn giUa hoat ddng va kdt qua lam cho cdng tac dao tao, boi dudng can bd, cdng chdc thieu sU danh gia cd To chuc nha nuoc so 7/2012
chidu sdu, mat khde, tae ddng tieu cpc den viec doi mdi cdng tdc ndy. Cdng tdc dao tao, boi dudng se chf ddng lai d viee td chUc cac khoa hoc, bang cap, ehUng chf dupc phdt ma khdng the do ludng, ddnh gia dupe hieu qua sau dao tao, bdi dudng ddi vdi chat lUdng hoat ddng cdng vu.
Khi xdy dUng djnh hudng ndng cao chat lupng dpi ngu cdn bd, cdng chdc trong giai ddan CCHC can nhan thUe dung ve ban chat eua ddo tao, bdi dUdng. Ddo tao, bdi dudng Id mdt tap hdp cdc hoat ddng, phUdng tidn, phuong phap va cdng cu hd trd cd ke hoach, nhd dd ngUdi lao ddng dUdc khuydn khich ndng cao kidn thUe, hdnh vi, thdi dd, ky ndng va khd nang trf tue cija bdn than, ddp Ung viec thUc hidn muc tieu cCia td chUc cOng nhu muc tieu ed nhan hoac muc tidu xa hdi cija ban than, nham thfeh Ung vdi mdi trUdng vd d l hddn thdnh day du nhiem vu hidn tai vd trong tUdng lai. Ddo tao tdc ddng den con ngudi trong to chUe d l hp lam vide td't hdn, cho phdp ho sd dyng cdc khd nang, tidm nang vdn cd, phdt huy hdt nang luc lam viec.
Thdng qua ddo tao phdi Id qud trinh lam cho ngudi ta "trd thanh ngudi cd nang lUc theo nhOng tieu chuan nhat djnh", cdn bdi dudng cho ngudi ta "tang them nang luc hoac pham cha't". Ddo tao, boi dudng de phat trien nang luc, thay ddi hien trang chd't lupng can bd, cdng chUc.
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D^o t^o, bSi dudng cdn bp, cong chu'c CHat liidng cSn bo. cong chilc dUOc n3ng l#n, cdng dan, td chLlc hai I6ng vdi hogt d6ng cua can bo, cong chdc Thay ddl cSc hanh vi hanh chinh, quySt dinh hSnh chfnh theo dung quy dinh cCia ph^p luSt; giSi quySt tfit cong vi$c cOa t3 chCrc, c6ng deln Sy thay ddi ki^n ttiifc, ky nang, thiii dO cua cSn bO. c6ng chile - Danh gia v6 nhCfng han c h ^ cua
c^n bO, cflng chu'c - X^c djnh nhu cau dao t^o - xay dyng chycng trinh, tai lj§u - T6 chuc cac kh6a dao t^o
Ddo tpo, bdi dudng can bd, edng chdc theo chudi kdt qud se hudng ddn kdt qud thuc chat trong hoat ddng cua cdn bd, cdng chUc. Tat cd cac hoat ddng lien quan ddn dao tao, bdi dudng ddu dUde thidt ke d l hudng ddn ket qua cudi cung thay vi dUng lai d vide hdl Idng vdi ede hoat ddng dau vao. Kdt qud eua dao tao, bdi dudng phdi hudng den sU thay doi hien trang chat luong dpi ngu can bg, cdng chUc, tao ra sU hdi Idng cua ngUdi ddn ddi vdi ndn cdng vu. Vide ddnh gid ve cdng tac dao tao, bdi dudng phdi tren cd sd chat lupng heat ddng cdng vu eija cdn bd, cdng chdc.
lyidt van dd khac dat ra trong cdng tac ddo tao, bdi dUdng cdn bd, cdng chUc la tu duy tU kdt qud de di den thidt ke cae hoat ddng. Can cd sp hinh dung that cy the hinh anh cdn bd, cdng chdc mudn cd sau qua trinh CCHC, sau qua trinh ddo tao d l thidt ke ede hoat ddng ddo tpo, boi dudng. Cac hoat ddng nay se mang lai nhOng dau ra nhd't djnh vd sau mdi hoat ddng
ed the ddnh gia tdc ddng, ddnh gia mdc do tUdng hdp cua cdc hoat ddng den kdt qud cudi cung hay khdng.
Dong thdi, qua qud trinh ddnh gia tdc ddng eua cdc hoat ddng den ket qud cudi cung cd t h i xem xet sU can thiet trong viec bo sung cac hoat ddng khde de bdo ddm dat dupc muc tieu de ra. Tu duy ehudi ket qud trong qua trinh dao tao, bdi dudng can bd, cdng chUc se tao ra sy chuyen bidn trong todn bg hoat ddng tU viec thidt ke chuong trinh, tai lieu, td chUc ddo tao, bdi dudng ddn ede hoat ddng ddnh gia sau ddo tao, Dieu ndy gdp phan ndng cao trach nhiem ci!ia cd quan ddo tao, boi dudng vd cd quan stf dung can bd, cdng chUe. Cdc ed sd dao tpo, boi dudng phdi cd trdch nhiem vdi hieu qud ddo tao, boi dudng va cd quan sCf dyng lao ddng phai thyc sy tu duy dao tao, bdi dUdng d l nang cao cha't lupng dpi ngu, chd't lupng hoat ddng cdng vu. Cd quan si!f dung can bd, cdng chUc phdi thd'y dUpc dpi ngu can bd, edng chUe cdn thidu, edn yeu nang Ipc, kien thUc, ky nang d nhUng phyong dien ndo vd sau qud trinh ddo tao, boi dUdng, nhUng diem ye'u nay dupe khac phye d mUe do ndo. TU dd, qua trinh dao tao, boi dudng se Id mdt qud trinh tUdng tae, mdt qua trinh ddng, Iinh hopt thay vi Id mot qud trinh thu ddng, mdt qua trinh bj ddng khung bdi nhUng kidn thUc, ehUdng trinh dUpc tu duy mdt chidu chu ydu tU nhan thUc cua eac cd sd ddo tao, boi dudng. Didu ndy ddi hoi viec xdy dUng chUPng trinh, tai
T^ chuc n h i nuoc so 7/2012
lieu phdi Id mdt qua trinh hudng den myc tieu nang cao chdt lUpng, lap day nhdng khodng trdng trong chd't lupng cija can bd, cdng chdc.
Day thyc su Id van dd Idn khi chUdng trinh, tdi lieu dao tao, bdi dudng cdn bd, cdng chUc dupc xdy dung edn thieu tinh khoa hoc, rap khudn, lap lai, thieu sU phdn tdng kidn thUc phCi hpp vd khdng thyc sy hydng den myc tieu tao ra sy thay ddi trong cha't lupng dao tao, bdi dudng can bd, cdng chUc.
2. Ddo tao, boi dUdng can bp, cong chufc can CO nhufng clii sd danh gia
Ddo tao, bdi dudng can bd, cdng chUc theo chudi kdt qua gdn lien vdi vi§c xay dUng cdc chf sd ddnh gia. Chf sd danh gid nay se ap dyng eho cdc ho^t ddng, dau ra, sLf dyng dau ra vd kdt qud cud'i cung. Cdc chf so ddnh gia dupe xdy dUng gan vdi tU duy kd't qud dau ra vd de cao trdch nhidm eua cP quan ddo tao, boi dudng cung vdi ed quan sCf dung edn bd, cdng chiic. Cac CO sd dao tpo, boi dudng can thiet ke ngi dung chUdng trinh, to chUe ddo tao, boi dudng d l hudng ddn ndng cao chat lupng can bd, cdng chUc trong vd sau qua trinh ddo tao.
Cd quan si^ dyng edn bd, edng ehUc ed trdch nhiem ddnh gid, phdn hdi vd ket qua cdng vide cua edn bg, cdng chUc sau dao tao, boi dudng.
Viec danh gia dau ra cua cac hopt ddng ddo tpo, bdi dudng, nghTa Id ddnh gid hpc vien ngay sau khi kdt thuc khda hpc, se dUa trdn cdc chf sd ve nang lUe, kien thUe, ky nang thUc hdnh. Viec danh gia nay cd the thyc hien dupc bang cdc bdng kilm trudc vd sau qua trinh dao tpo, boi dudng. Bdng kiem vdi hd thd'ng cdu hdi ve kien thUe vd cac bai tdp thUe hanh dupc dua ra trudc khi bat dau khda hpc d l danh gid hien trang eua edn bd, cdng chUc khi tham gia khoa hpc. Sau khi ket thuc khda hoc, ed sd ddd tad, bdi dudng se dUa ra mdt he thd'ng bdng kiem. Ket qud cCia viec hddn thdnh bdng kiem eua hpc vien se phdn dnh dUdc sU thay ddi vd kidn thUe, ky nang thUe hanh sau khda hpc. Bang kiem phdi dupc xdy dpng, thidt kd thuc sU cdng phu de cd t h i ddnh gia chfnh xdc ket qud khda ddo tao.
TU duy vd chudi ket qud trong dao tao, boi dudng khdng chJ dUng Ipi d viee ddnh gia hpc vien sau khda hpc ma cdn cd sp danh gia ve viec sd dyng dau ra nhU the ndo. Didu ndy ddi hdi trach nhiem cua ed sd ddo tpo, boi dudng vd thuc td hien nay chUa dUdc quan tdm dung
mUc. Viee ddnh gia nay se dua tren cdc chf sd ve ket qua giai quydt cdng viec, mUe do ddp Ung dupc yeu eau cdng viec vd thong qua phdng vd'n true tiep hpc vien sau khda hoe tU 3-6 thang eiJng nhu y kien phdn hoi tU chfnh cd quan dang sd dung cdn be, edng chUc. Cae cd sd ddo tao, bdi dudng cung ed the ydu cau hpc vien hodn thdnh bdn ke hoach hanh ddng nham dUa ra ke hoach eu the vd vide dp dyng nhOng gi da hgc vdo thyc te cdng vide. De cd can cU danh gid tdc ddng cija dao tao sau khda hpc, CO quan sCf dung lao ddng can ed sp hop tde vdi Cd s5 ddo tao trong viee xdy dyng, theo ddi va ho trp cdc dieu kidn can thiet de cdc ke hopch hanh ddng dupc thuc hien thanh cdng.
Viec khdo sat ve mUc dp stf dyng dau ra can quan tam den viee can bg, cdng chUc cd dUpc cd quan tao dieu kien de dp dung kien thUc, ky ndng vdo thyc tidn cdng viec hay khdng, tU dd cd sy danh gid ehfnh xac ve vide sU dung kien thUe, ky nang da dupe ddo tao, ren luyen cua can bd, edng chUc.
Vlec danh gid vd ket qud cudi cung cua ddo tao, boi dudng edn bd, cdng chdc can cd nhUng chf sd djnh lUdng vd djnh tinh ma vd'n dd can ban Id sy hdi Idng cua cdng dan, td ehUe dd'i vdi cdng viec dupc giai quyet, sU ddnh gid tU phia cdc cd quan ed can bd, edng ehUe duoc ddo tao, bdi dudng, sU hai Idng Chung dd'i vdi ndn cdng vu. Vide danh gia nay can ed nhieu thdi gian hdn, vdi ngudn lyc Idn hdn, nhung cd the tien hanh sau mot giai doan nhat djnh, cd the Id 3 hoac 5 nam.
Ddo tao, boi dUdng can hudng den muc tieu thay ddi hien trang mat bang chat lUdng cua edn bd, cdng chUc. Dieu nay ddi hoi ed sU tu duy mdi vd cdng tdc dao tao, bdi dudng. Kd't qua cudi cung cua viec tao lap ddi ngu cdn bd, cdng chUe cd nang lUe, cd trinh dd, ndng cao chat lupng hoat ddng cdng vu ludn Id cai dfch, la nhdn td chi phdi toan bd cac hoat ddng ddo tad, boi dudng tU xay dpng chuong trinh, tdi lieu ddn td chUc cdc khda ddo tao. Mat khde, qua trinh ddo tao, bdi dudng la mdt the thdng nhdt tU trudc, trong va sau dao tao, bdi dUdng vdi trdch nhiem cao hdn cija cd sd ddo tao, bdi dudng vd dac btet Id eua ehinh cO quan sd dung can bd, cdng chUe trong vide tao nhOng didu kien thuan Ipi nhd't de cdn bd, cdng chUc cd the dp dung cae kien thUc, ky nang da tiep thu duoc vdo thuc tidn cdng vide 'j To chuc nha nuoc so 7/2012
