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NGHIEN CtfU - PHATTRIEN L* LUANQUAN DIEM CUA HO CHI MINH TRONG CAC CHINH SACH XAHOI
• ThS VI THI LAI Trudng Dgi hgc Suphgm Hd Noi II
•Tom Tdt: Quan diem vi chinh sdch xa hpi la mpt trong nhiing npi dung quan trgng trong tu tudng Ho Chi Minh. Ngddi luon xde dinh muc tiiu cua chinh sdch xa hpi Id dem lai tu do, hanh phdc cho nhdn ddn. Be muc tiiu do trd thdnh hiin thdc, theo Ngddi, trUdc hit cdn hoach dinh vd thdc hien co hiiu qud cdc chinh sdch xd hpi cd bdn nhU: chinh sdch xoa ddi gidm ngheo, chinh sdch gido due, chinh sdch y ti, chinh sdch doi vdi ngddi co cong vdi cdch mang.
• Td khda: td tUdng Hd Chi Minh, chinh sdch xd hpi.
1. Chinh sach xoa ddi giam ngheo Sinh thdi, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh dd khang dinh "Tdi chi cd mdt su ham mudn, ham mudn tdt bdc, la lam sao cho nudc ta dtrgc hoan todn ddc lap, dan ta dtrpc hodn todn tu do, ddng bao ai cung cd cam dn do mac, ai ciing dupc hpc hdnh"'^l "Ham muon" ay da ttd thdnh muc tidu, ddng luc; thanh nhiing chi ddn cd tinh dinh hudng nhdt dinh trong timg suy tu tran trd va timg boat ddng cu thd cua Ngudi. Vdi triet ly d ddi va lam ngudi phai thuong mrdc, thirong dan, thuong nhan loai dau kho bi dp biic, Hd Chi Minh ludn ludn tdm niem lam sao eho nhdn ddn ta ai ciing cd com dn, do mac, ai cung dtrgc hpc hdnh. Vi muc dich giai phdng con ngudi, mang lai cudc sdng dm no, hanh phiic cho nhan dan, trong tu tudng Hd Chi Mmh vd chinh sach xa hdi, chinh sdch xda ddi gidm ngheo sdm duoc
Ngudi quan tdm va tia thdnh xudt phdt digm de thuc hien cac chinh sdch. Trong Muoi chinh sach cda Viet Minh - ban phdc thao he thdng chinh sdch xa hpi cua nudc Viet Nam sau ndy, Hd Chi Minh da chi rd mdt trong nhiing dieu
"ich nudc, lgi dan" dd Id thyc hien cho dan dugc
"dil dn, dii mac, khdi lo ca ban".
Khi ehinh quyen Nhd nudc Viet Nam Dan chu Cpng hda vira dupc thdnh lap, Hd Chi Minh xem viec xda ddi, giam ngheo quan trpng vd cdp bdch nhu la diet giac. Ngudi chi ro, ddi ngheo la radt trong ba tini gidc cdn phai diet va dua ra muc tieu phan dau de nhdn ddn thoat nan bdn cung, lam cho mpi ngudi cd cdng an, viec Iam, dm no va ddi sdng hanh phuc. Ctmg vol viec dau tranh chdng "thd trong giac ngoai". Ngudi da nhanh chdng de ra cdc chinh sdch chdng giac ddi, gidc ddt. Cdc chinh sdch ay kh6ng chi
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la bien phap dd ddi phd vdi tinh the khd khan liic bdy gid ma cdn la chidn lupc Idu dai ddi vdd Viet Nam trong tidn trinh xay dung va phat trien. Hd Chi Minh khdng dinh "Chiing ta phdi thuc hien ngay: 1. Lam cho dan cd an. 2. Lam cho ddn cd mac. 3. Ldm cho dan cd chd a. 4.
Lam cho dan cd hpc hanh"'^'.
Dd chinh sdch xda ddi giam ngheo trudc het Id de dap ling, thda mdn nhiing nhu cdu thiet yeu cua nhdn dan. Ngudi chi ro "MUC DICH:
Ldm cho ngudi ngheo thi du dn. Ngudi du an thi khd gidu. Ngudi khd giau thi giau them"'^'. Ddy Id tidn de, dieu kien tdi cdn thidt dd phdt trign va tien bp. Trudc hgt phai lo cho tdn tai, muu sinh hdng ngay, phdi giai quyet dieu cap thiet, biic xiic cho ddn. Tidp theo phdi lam cho ngudi du an thi khd gidu, ngudi khd giau thi giau them. Vay la phai khdng ngtmg phdn ddu de vupt qua nguong ngheo khd, tiing thigu, tidn tdi no dil, sung tiie, khd gia, timg budc trd nen gidu cd, da giau cd rdi thi giau them, nhu thd mdi Id phdt tridn. Ddng thdi, Ngudi ciing chi ro
"Chiing ta tranh dupc tu do, ddc lap rdi ma dan cii chdt ddi, chdt rdt, thi tu do, ddc ldp cung khdng lam gL Dan chi bidt rd gid tri eiia tu do, ciia ddc lap khi ma dan dupc an no, mac dii "'^'.
Nhuvay, xda ddi, gidm ngheo ddi vdi nhan dan la bieu hien thiet thuc ddu tien cua dgc lap, tu do. Ddi vdi be thdng chinh sach cua Dang vd Nha nudc, chinh sdch xda ddi giam ngheo la chinh sach cobdn, thuc hidn tdt cbinh sach nay Id dieu kien, ca sa de thuc hien cdc chinh sdch khde. Bdi Ie, theo Hd Cbi Minh "Dan dii an dii mac thi nhiing chinh sdch cua Dang vd Chinh phii dtra ra se dd dang thuc hidn. Neu ddn ddi, ret, ddt, benh thi chinh sdch ciia ta dii cd hay may cung khdng thuc hien dupc"'^'.
De xda ddi gidm ngheo, Hd Chi Minh ddc biet quan tam den van dd day manh sdn xuat
va thuc hanh tiet kiem. Ngay sau ngay tuyen bd dpc lap, Ngudi de nghi Hpi ddng Chinh phu phat dpng chien dich tdng gia sdn xuat vd md cudc lac quyen ciiu ddi. Ngudi vigt thu gui dong bao toan qudc, hd hao nhdn dan chdng nan ddi, coi cudc chdng nan ddi ciing nhu cupc chdng ngoai xdm. Trong thu gui ndng gia Viet Nam, Ngudi khan thiet keu gpi; "Tang gia san xudt! Tdng gia sdn xudt ngay! Tang gia san xuat niia... Dd Id cdch thidt thuc cua chiing ta de giii vihig quyen tu do, dpc Idp'^'. Mudn tdng gia san xuat cd hieu qua. Dang vd Nhd nuac can tidn bdnh "Ldnh dao phdi cu the, phai kip thdi, phdi thiet thuc, phai cd trong diem vd ndm dien hinh. Phai chdng tu tudng ngai khd khan, tu tudng y lai. Phdi tuydn truyen rdng khap cdc chinh sdch khuyen khich san xudt''''. Vd phia nhdn dan, "Phdi cd gdng hpc tap dung ky thuat mdi xdy dyng ca sd ky thuat mdi, kien quyet tir bd ldi lam an lac hau. Nhiing viec do khdng phai ngdy mpt ngdy hai md xong, nhtmg cd quydt tam, cd td chiic, thi nhat dinh lam dupc".
Todn Dang, todn ddn can doan ket mpt ldng de tdng gia sdn xudt bdi "Nude ta cdn ngheo.
Mudn sung sudng thi phai cd tinh than tu luc cdnh sinh, can cu lao ddng. Phai cd gang sdn xuat. Lao ddng Id nghia vu thieng Udng, Id ngudn sdng, ngudn hanh phuc cua chung ta'^'.
Mat khac, theo Hd Chi Minh, tang gia san xuat phai di ddi vdi thyc hdnh tiet kiem. Tiet kiem trong san xuat, trong tidu dung, tiet kiem vdt tu, thdi gian siic lao dpng, ddng thdi phai chdng tham d, lang phi, quan Udu. Phong ttao dg danh mot ndm gao nhd theo ttmg budi da dupc nhan rdng thanh phong tiao tiet kidm gao khdp ca nudc "Cii 10 ngay nhin dn mdt bira, mdi thdng nhin 3 biia. Dem gao do (mdi biia mpt bo) de ciiu dan ngheo"'^'.
Nhuvay, theo Hd Chi Mmh, tang gia san xuat
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N G H l l N CtfU - PHATTRIEN LV L U A Nvd tidt kiem Id hai bien phdp ca ban, quan trpng nhdt de thyc hien ehinh sdch xda ddi gidm ngheo. Ngudi khdng dinh "Tang gia sdn xuat va tiet kiem de ndng cao ddi sdng ciia nhdn dan, khdi phuc kinh te, md mang van hda vd de phdng ddi, chdng ddi"'"". Ttr ldi chi ddn cua Ngudi, nhdn dan ta da quyet tdm tiiuc hien tdng gia sdn xuat, lao ddng hang say, tich cue, cd hieu qua; ddng thdi thuc hanh tiet kiem, Nhd dd ma nan ddi dupc day lui, gdp phan dua nudc ta vupt qua thdi ky khd khan "ngdn can treo spi tdc", tao tien dg cho viec thyc hien cdc nhiem vu quan trpng nhdm giii vting dpc lap va thdng nhdt dat nudc.
De thyc hien chinh sdch xda ddi gidm ngheo, Hd Chi Minh nhan raanh den vai trd ciia cdc can bd lara nhiem vu hudng dan, chi dao nhdn ddn thyc hien chinh sdch. Theo Ngudi, cdc cdn bd can "Phai biet gido due, ldnh dao, giup da nhdn dan tang gia san xuat vd tiet kiem... Ndu can bd kheo lanh dao vd thiet thuc giiip da ddng bao vd ddng bdo cd gdng tdng gia san xuat va tiet kiem thi dan se no am, mpi viec trdi chdy, thud khda dd thu, tai chinh ddi dao, ddn no thi nudc giau'"^'. Trong qua trinh thuc hien xda ddi, gidm ngheo, Ngudi nhan thdy rd "sy thuc, chd ndo ma nhdn ddn td chiic giiip do nhau thi ket qua hon chd cap phat; dan hang hai hon, doan ket ban, san xuat cung manh hon""^'.
Ngudi chu truang, can bd hudng dan, chi dao chi la phy, nhan dan thau hieu chinh sdch, to chirc, giiip da nhau thyc hien chinh sdch mdi la chinh, Id yeu td quyet dinh tiidng loi cua cdng cudc xda ddi giam ngheo.
2. Chinh sach giao due
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ludn coi gido due la nhidm vu trgng yeu va cap bach nhdm dap iing nhu eau thiet yeu hang dau trong ddi sdng kinh te - xa hdi cua nudc nha. Chinh vi le dd, ben
canh chinh sach xoa doi giara ngheo, Ngudi cdn de cap ddn chinh sdch gido due nhu rapt viec lam can ban, hang dau cua Dang vd Nhd nudc. Ngudi neu ro: "chuang tiinh ciia Chinh phil ta la lam the ndo eho toan qudc ddng bdo ai cung cd dn, cd mac, cd hpc.Vdy nen khau hidu ciia chung ta la: 1. Tang gia san xudt. 2.
Chdng nan rati chir"'i^'.
Xudt phdt tir tinh thuong yeu bao la danh cho con ngudi, tir chu nghia nhdn dao cdng san, nhdm muc dich ddc lap ddn tgc va chu nghia xa hdi, Hd Chl Mmh da Ien an "chinh sdch ngu dan" ciia thuc ddn xdm lupc; sdng lap nen giao dye mdi cua nudc Viet Nam ngay sau ngdy ddc lap. Nen giao due mdi ciia Viet Nara dupc Ngudi dinh hudng phdt trien la nen giao due ndng cao ddn tri cho nhan ddn; la nen gido due todn ddn; Id nen gido due todn dien; Id nen giao due tien tien, hien dai; muc dich ciia gido due la ddo tao con ngudi mdi xa hdi chu nghia cho dat nudc. Ngudi coi con ngudi Id vdn quy nhat.
Id yeu td quyet dinh ciia su nghiep each mang:
"VI lgi ich raudi ndm trdng cdy, vi Igi ich tram nam trdng ngudi". Chinh tir do ma Ngudi phat ddng phong trao binh dan hgc vu vdi chu truang ngudi bidt chii day ngudi chua biet chu, ngudi biet chu nhieu day ngudi biet chir it, de ai ciing biet dpc, biet viet, ty ndng cao tinh cam, Iy tudng each mang cho minh. Ndng cao dan til phdi bdt ddu tir chd biet dpc, bidt viet den chd hieu biet cac Unh vyc khde cua ddi sdng. Ngudi ndi: "mpi ngudi phai hidu biet quyen loi cua minh,.. phdi cd kien thiic mdi de cd the tham gia vdo cdng cudc xdy dung nudc nha, vd trudc het phai biet dpc, biet viet chir qudc ngu"""'.
Trong hoan canh eye ky khd khan ngay sau Cdch mang Thdng Tdm, bdn canh hai nhiem vy diet gidc ddi va giac ngoai xdm, Nguai da dat ra nhiera vu diet gidc ddt. Tai phien hpp thit nhat
m
cua Hdi ddng Chinh phu, ngdy 3-9-1945, Ngudi de nghi md chien dich dd chdng nan mil chii:
"...nan ddt-Ld mdt trong nhiingphuongphap dpc ac md bpn thyc ddn dung dd cai tri chung ta. Hon chin muoi phdn trdm ddng bao chiing ta rati chii. Nhung chi cdn ba thdng Id dil de hpc doc, hpc viet tieng nudc ta theo van qudc ngir.
Mdt dan tdc ddt la mdt dan tdc ydu. Vi vdy tdi dd nghi md mpt chien dich de chdng nan mu chii"'i5'. Ngdy 4-10-1945, thay mat Chinh phu Ldm thdi, Ngudi ra Ldi keu goi toan dan chong nan thit hoc. Phdt dpng phong tido chdng nan mu chii, Ngudi mong mudn radi ngudi dan ddu
"Biet hgc, biet chii qudc ngii" de "Ndng cao ddn tri", "Giii vting nen ddc lap" va Iam cho dan gidu nudc manh. Nhd vdy, tii chd 95% mil chti, ddn tdc ta da vuon Ien tidthanh mdt dan tdc cd van hda, khoa hpc, dii khd ndng dg bdo vd va xdy dung ddt nudc.
Muc tieu ciia giao due la thuc hien cdc ba chiie ndng cua vdn hda bdng day va hpc: ddo tao nhiing con ngudi mdi vira cd diic, vira cd tai;
hpc dd ldm viec, lam ngudi, lam cdn bd; "cdi tao tri thiic cu", "ddo tao tri thiic mdi"; "cdng ndng hda tri thirc", "tri thiie hda cdng ndng", xdy dung dpi ngu tri thiic ngdy cdng ddng dao, tiinh dp ngdy cdng cao; ddo tao nhting ldp ngudi ke tuc su nghiep each mang xay dung dat nudc giau manh va vdn minh; ma mang dan tri tu viec xda nan mu chti, chong gidc ddt, kdt hgp phd cap va ndng cao, dua Viet Nam sanh vai vdi cdc ctrdng qudc nam chdu.
3. Chinh sdch y te
Cham sde siic khoe cho nhdn dan la muc tieu, nhidm vu cao ca cua chinh sdch y td, Id van de ludn dupe Hd Chi Minh liic sinh thdi rdt quan tdm va coi trpng. Ngay tu nam 1941, dudi su lanh dao cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh, chuong trinh Viet Mmh da ghi ro can khuyen khich nen
the due qudc dan, lam cho gidng ndi ngdy cdng thdm manh, "lap thdm nhd thuong, nhd dd de, nha dudng lao""^'. Nhiing ndm sau do, Ngudi dd cd nhieu bdi va thu gui ngdnh y tg va thuong binh, xd hdi, neu ro nhiing quan diem co ban ve dieu tri tiiuang, benh binh, ket hpp qudn dan y, kdt hop ddng y va tdy y va cdng tac khde cua nganh y te.
Chil tich Hd Chi Minh khdng dinh vai tid cua siic khde vd vi tii cua y te trong khdng chidn va kidn qudc. Nhiem vu cua y td la chdm sde, dam bdo cho siic khde cho nhdn dan. Dd la nhidm vu cao ca va vd cting quan trpng. Bdi Ie mdi rapt ngtrdi dan yen dt, tiie la ca nudc yeu dt, mdi mdt ngudi ddn manh khde tire Id ca nudc manh khde. "Ddn cudng thi qudc thinh". "Siic khde cila cdn bd vd nhdn ddn dupe bao dam thi tinh thdn cdng hang hdi". Va khi "tinh thdn va siic khde ddy dii thi khdng chidn cdng nhieu thdng lpi, kien qudc cang mau thanh cdng". Sire khde khdng chi Id tdi sdn cd nhan ma cdn la tdi san chung cua cdng dong.
Vdi Chii tich Hd Chi Mmh, con ngudi Id vi tri trung tdm ciia mgi hoat dpng vd quydn dupc sdng la quydn cao nhat ciia con ngudi. Ngudi day chiing ta giu gin ddn chu, xay dung nudc nhd, gdy ddi song mai, viec gi cting can cd siic khde mdi Iam thanh cdng. Chinh vi vdy, ngay khi cdch mang cdn nhidu khd khdn, gian khd, ddi sdng ciia nhdn dan cdn gian nan, nhung Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da rat coi trpng vi tri nganh y te va dua ra cdc chii truong dd gidi quydt cac vdn di ve chdm sde va dam bdo cho siic khde ciia nhdn dan. Ngtrdi cho rdng, cd siic khde thi Idra dupc viec, ldm dupc viec thi cd an.
Ddng thdi Ngudi cung khang dinh. Dang va Chinh phil phdi cd trdch nhiem ddi vol viec dam bao ddi song khde manh ciia nhdn dan.
Dang vd Chinh phii thuc hien nhiem vu do
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NGHIEN CtfU - PHATTRIEN i V L U A Nthdng qua viec dd ra cdc chii tiirong, cbinh sdch nhdm dam bao vd ndng cao chat lupng ciia cdng tdc y lg. Ngudi ndu ro: "Vi vdy chinh sdch ciia Dang va Chinh phu Id phdi het siic chdm nom den ddi sdng ciia nhdn dan...neu ddn dm la Dang vd Chmh phu cd Idi""^'.
Quan tdm va hudng den viec gidi quydt cdc van de tren Unh vuc y te mdt each toan dien, Hd Chl Minh dua ra chu truang "xay dyng mdt nen y hgc cua ta", mang bdn sde Viet Nam, xudt phat tu nhiing dieu kien Viet Nam, Idy nhdn td nhdn ddn va nhan td Viet Nara Id ca sd. Theo chil truang ciia Ngudi, cdn bd y td phdi "giiip ddng bdo, giup Chinh phu xdy dung mdt nen y te thich hgp vdi nhu can cua nhan dan ta". Ngudi ludn quan tdm den y diic ciia ngudi thdy thudc, coi dd Id luong tdm dao diic, la trdch nhiem bdn phdn cua ngudi thay thudc
"Ngudi benh phd thdc tinh menh cua hp noi cdc cd, cac chii. Chinh phu phd thdc cho cdc cd, edc ehii viec ehiia benh tat vd giii gin siic khde cho ddng bdo. Dd Id nhiem vu rdt ve vang"'"". Quan diem cila Ngudi ve dao diie cua ngudi thdy thudc la "luong y phai nhu tir mdu".
Ngudi thay thudc phdi gidu long nhdn di, chang nhiing ciiu chiia benh tat ma cdn phai ndng dd rinh thdn ngudi benh, yeu thuong ngtrdi benh va sdn sde ho nhu anh era rudt thit cua minh, coi hp dau ddn nhu minh dau ddn.
Ngudi thdy thudc phai lay ngudi benh Id trung tam, coi ciiu ngudi benh Id muc dich hanh dao. Khdng chi thuong yeu ngudi benh, ngudi thay thudc "trudc hdt phai thdt thd dodn ket...". Dodn kdt giu'a can bd cu va can bg mdi, dodn ket giiia tat ca nhiing ngudi trong ngdnh y te tir cdc Bp truong, Thii trudng, Bdc si, Duac si cho den cdc chi em giup viec. Bdi vi cdng viec va dia vi tuy cd khae nhau nhtmg ngudi ndo ciing Id mgt bd phdn cdn thiet trong
nganh y td, trong viec phuc vu nhdn dan"^'.
4. Chinh sach ddi voi ngudi co cdng vd-J each mang
Sinh thai, Hd Chi Minh rdt quan tdm tdi cdng tac "den an ddp nghia", cham sde nhiing ngudi cd cdng vdi cdch mang. Ngudi thudng nhdc nhd "thuong binh, benh binh, gia dinh quan nban va gia dinh liet si Id nhiing ngudi cd cdng vdi Td quoc, vol nhdn dan. Cho ndn bdn phdn chiing ta la phai bidt on, phdi thuong ygu vdgiup dohp"'^"'.
Ngay trong nhung ndm chua thdnh lap dupc chinh quydn cdch mang, Hd Chi Minh neu rd trong "Mudi chinh sdch ciia Viet Minh": "Binh Unh giii nudc cd cdng, dupc dan trpng ddi, hgt long kinh ydu"'^". Sau Cdch mang thang Tam 1945, Nha nudc Viet Nam non tre gdp rdt nhidu khd khan, thir thach, cting luc phdi ddi mat vdi giac ddi, gidc ddt va giac ngoai xdra. Trong bdi canh do, Chii tjch Hd Chi Mmh ludn quan tdm dd ra vd ldnh dao thuc hien diing ddn chinh sdch ddi vdi nhiing ngudi da hy sinh xuong mdu vi Td qudc. Trong thu giii cdc chign si bi thuong tiong nhimg ngay dau todn qudc khdng chign, Ngudi nhan manh: "Cdc chien si dd by sinh mdu mu de gm gin ddt nudc... Cac chien si that xiing ddng vol To qudc, va Td qudc se khdng bao gid quen nhiing ngudi con ygu quy nhu the"'^^'. Ngudi coi viec eham sde thuong binh, gia dinh liet si khdng Id nhiem vu ciia rieng ai, ma Id tidch nhiera vd nghia vu cua todn Dang, toan ddn vd todn qudn ta.
Nhdm thu hut sy quan tam cua cac tdng ldp xa hdi ddi vdi tiiuong binh, thdn nhdn liet si, thdng 6 ndm 1947, Chii tich Hd Chi Mmh chi tiii chpn mdt ngay trong ndm Idm ngay thuang bmh, liet si. Thuc hien chl thj do, Hdi nghi vd vdn de ndy gdm dai bieu cde ca quan, cac ban nganh dd bdn vd nhat tri dd nghi lay ngdy 27-7-
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1947 lam ngdy thirong binh, Uet si. Tir dd, ngdy 27-7 hdng nam la ngay todn dan ta tudng nhd den edc Uet si, thirong binh, bdnh buih, gia dmh Uet si va ngudi cd cdng vdi each mang. Ho Chi Minh chi ro tidch nhiem ciia chung ta ddi vol thuang, benh binh. "Thuong binh la nhiing ngudi dd hy smh gia dinh, hy sinh xuong mdu de bdo ve Td quoe, bdo vd ddng bao. Vi Ipi icb cila Td qudc, ciia dong bdo md cdc ddng chi dm ydu qud quat. Vi vay, Td qudc, ddng bao phdi biet an, phai giup da nhiing ngudi con anh dung ay"'^^'. Theo Ngudi, cdng tdc chdm sde, giup dd ngudi cd cdng "viec giiip da ay can phai thidt thuc, can cd td chiic va mpi ngudi tiong xd deu can ttiy theo kha ndng md tham gia'^^'.
Tren ca sd chi ro vai trd ciia nhiing ngtrdi cd cdng vdi dat nudc va trach nhiem cita raoi ngudi, cua xa hdi ddi vdi nhung ngudi cd cdng, Hd Chi Minh cflng neu ro nhimg vide Iam, bien phdp thiet thuc de thuc hien cdng tdc den on ddp nghia. Tnrdc liic vd vol thd giai ngudi hidn, Ngudi cdn dan: "Ddi vdi nhting ngtrdi da dflng cam hy sinh rapt phdn xuong radu cua minb (can bd, bmh si, ddn qudn, du kich, thanh nign xung phong...), Dang, Chinh phii vd ddng bdo phai rira mpi cdch Idm cho hp cd noi dn chdn d ygn dn, ddng thdi phai md nhiing ldp day nghe thich hpp vdi mdi ngudi dg hp cd the dan ddn "tu lyc cdnh sinh". Ddi vdi cdc liet si, mdi dia phuong (thdnh phd, Idng xd) cdn xdy dung vudn hoa va bia k^ niem ghi sy hy sinh anh dflng cua cac liet si, de ddi ddi gido due tinh thdn ydu nudc cho nhdn dan ta. Ddi vdi cha me, vp con (cua thuong binh vd Uet si) ma thidu siic lao dpng vd tflng thidu, thi chinh quydn dia phuong (ndu d ndng thdn thi chinb quydn xd cimg hpp tdc xd nong nghiep) phdi giiip da hp cd cdng vide Idm dn thich hpp, quyet khdng de ho bi ddi rdt" '^^'.
Quan tam toi cdng tdc den on, cham sde cdc ddi tuong cd cdng, Hd Chi Minh cOng luu y viec thi hanh cdc chinh sdch uu dai can dung ddi tugng, ttanh nham Idn. Bdi ndu nhdm lan khdng nhflng ngudi cd cdng thuc sy khdng dupe quan tdm, chdm sde, ke khdng cd cdng Ipi dung md ngay cbinh sach ciia nha nude cung mdt rinh nghidm minh, ddnh mat Idng tin va thai dp ung hp cua nhdn dan. Vide trao hudn chuang cho ngudi thuc su cd cdng la mdt vi dy cu the. Ngudi vidt "ta gpi Id huan chuang. Id mdt thu huy hieu de tdng thuong nhiing ngudi cd cdng trang ddc biet. Vi vdy md nd cd gid tri cao quy. Neu tang thudng khdng dung, thi nd Idmdtttdcudi"'^^'.
Quan didm cua Hd Chi Minh ve chinh sdch hpi la nhting chi dan sdu sde, ban phdc thdo cho he thdng chinh sdch xd hdi eiia nuac ta ngay ttr nhiing ngdy ddu khi ehinh quyen ciia nhdn dan viia mdi duoc thiet lap. Nd da gdp phan to Idn dua cdch mang Viet Nam vupt qua nhiing chdng dudng gian nan, thii thdch. Budc vdo thdi ky day raanh cdng nghidp hda, hien dai hda ddt nudc, quan didm cua Ho Chi Minh tigp tuc giu viing vai tid la nhiing quan didm cd tinh khoa hpc, phirong phdp ludn mang gid tri dinh hudng cho Dang, Nha nudc vd nhdn ddn Viet Nam trong viec hoaeh dinh va thuc thi chinh sdch xd hdi.
Quan diem cua Chii tich Hd Chi Minh cho rdng chinh sach xda ddi giam ngheo Id ndn tang, xudt phdt diem de thuc hien cac chinh sdch xa hdi khde ddn nay vdn cdn nguyen y nghia. Bdi le, khi xa hdi cdng phdt tiien, nhieu chinh saeh ra ddi nhdra phuc vu cd hieu qua ban cho nhu cdu ngay cdng cao vd ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than cho nhdn dan thi chung ta cflng dung trudc nhimg thir thdch Idn, nhu khoang cdch giiia cdch vung mien, sy khde
LYLUAN CHfNHTR!-So6/2019
^
NGHIEN CtfU - PHATTRIEN i V LUANnhau ve chat Itrpng cudc sdng giiia cdc bd phdn dan cu... Vi vdy, giai quyet tdt chinh sdch xda ddi, giara ngheo vtra tao dieu kien cho cac chinh sach kbdc dupc hien thuc hda mdt cdch hieu qud ddng thdi dd Id dieu can Iam de vupt qua nhting thu thdch dang ddt ra. Trong cdng cudc xda ddi, giam ngheo d ntrdc ta hidn nay, tdng gia san xuat va tiet kidm vdn la hai bidn phap caban, chii ydu.
Trong Unh vyc gido due, chu trtrong gido due cho todn dan phai toan dien (the due, tri due, my due va diic due) ciia Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh Id nhirng gid tri mang tinb dinh hudng sdu sde cho vide cai cdch gido due d nudc ta. Ddc biet khi chuong trinh gido due phd thdng dang hudng tdi hinh thanh va ren luyen cho hpc sinh 5 pham chat chii yeu (yeu nudc, nhdn di, chdm chi, trung thuc, trdch nhiem) va 10 nang luc (gdm cdc nang luc cdt Idi va ndng lyc dac biet).
Mat khac, vdn de xa hdi hda gido due, ket hop chat che giua gia dinh - nha trudng - xa hdi nhdra thyc bien tdt muc tidu gido due cung cd co sd tir viec qudn triet sdu sde quan didm "gido due Id sy nghigp ciia qudn chung" ciia Chu tich Hd Chi Minh
Ve y tg, phuang "chdm xdy dyng nen y td todn ddn", xuat phdt tir nhdn ddn, do nhdn ddn md dupc cung cd, phdt trien, vi nhdn dan md het Idng phuc vu ludn la muc tieu trong qua tiinh hoach dinh vd thyc thi chinh sach cham sde sice khde nhdn dan hien nay. Dac biet Idi can dan "luong y nhu ttr mau" cua Ngudi dd, dang va se vdn ludn dupc qudn triet tdi dpi ngfl cdn bp, nhan vien cila nganh y te, ttd thdnh mdt trong nhtttig chuan muc cua ngudi Idm cdng tdc chdm sde sue khde cho nhdn dan.
Ke thtra cdc quan diem cila Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh ve chinh sdch ddi vdi ngudi cd cdng, nhiing nam qua Dang va Nhd nudc ta ludn
quan tam, hoan thidn va thuc hidn chinh sdch ddi vdi nhdm ddi tugng nay. Cdc chuong trinh, kg hoach, du dn danh cho ddi tupng ngudi ed cdng hien nay ludn can dupc thuc hien vdi tmh than kbdc sdu, the hien long biet on nhtmg ngudi cd cdng, giup hp vupt qua khd khan, thiet thoL tao dieu kien dd hp cd the ty vuon Ien, cai thien va ndng eao ddi sdng vat chat vd tinh than.
Vdi y nghia vd gid tri ly ludn, thuc ridn sdu sde, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve mdt sd chi'nh sdch xa hpi cdn tidp tuc dupc nghidn ciiu, van dung sang tao nhdra tiep tuc gdp phdn ndng cao hieu qua cua viec hoach dinh va thuc thi chinh sdch xa hdi d nudc ta hien nay; gdp phdn to Idn vao su nghiep xdy dung Td qudc ngdy cang gidu manh D
(1), (2), (4), (6), (9), (13), (14), (15), Hd Chi Minh:
Toan tap, 14, Nxb Chinh ui quoc gia, HaNoi, 2011, 187,175,175,135, 33, 556, 40, 7.
(3), (22), (23) Hd Chi Minh: Toan tap, t.5, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2011,81,22,204.
(5), (10), (11), (12), (17), (18), (19), (24) Ho Chi Minh: Toan tap, t.9, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2011, 518, 519, 518, 519, 518, 343, 343, 8.
{7} Ho Chi Minh: Toan tap, t.lO, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Noi, 2011,213.
(8) H6 Chi Minh: Toan tap, t,13. Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Noi, 2011,69.
(16), (21) Hd Chi Minh: Toan tap. t.3, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia, Ha Noi, 2011,632,242.
(20) Hd Chi Minh: Toan tap, t.l, Nxb Chinh tn qudc gia, Ha Noi, 2011,372.
(25), (26) Hd Chi Minh: Toan tap. t.l5, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2011,616,232.
