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CAC YEU TO TAC DONG DEN
LONG TRUNG THANH VA N 6 Ll/C LAM VIEC CUA NHAN VIEN LINH Y\JC CONG NGHE THONG TIN TRONG BOI CANH HOI NHAP
• CHU TIEN DAT - TRl/dNG MINH TIEN
TOM TAT:
Nguon nhdn liic von dddc xem la mdt tai san ldn cua doanh nghiep. Cdc nghien cu'u vd cac nha quan tri da xac dinh rang sif hai long cua ngu'di lao ddng la yeu to' then chd't ddn dd'n thanh cdng. Do'i vdi doanh nghiep Viet Nam trong ITnh v\Xc cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT), nguon nhdn luc Id tdi san dang gia nhat cua doanh nghifip vd ddng vai trd ngdy cdng quan trgng. Tuy nhien, trong bd'i cdnh hdi nhdp, doanh nghiep CNTT phai cd cdc giai phap di tang ndng sud't lao ddng cho ngifdi lao dong, dong thdi ngan chdn tlnh trang "chay mau chd't xdm" khi ngu'di lao dgng chuyen sang doanh nghiep khac lam viec. De tim kie'm giai phap ndng cao nang sud't vd giiJ chdn ngu'di lao dgng, nghien cUu nay siJf dung bang cau hoi Dieu tra quan diem nhan vien trong doanh nghiSp do PGT.TS. Tran Kim Dung phdt trien. Ke't qua nghien ciJu cho tha'y, cdc yeu to' lien quan den cdng viec-thang tien, dieu kien lam vi6c, tien lifdng-phuc ldi, mdi trifdng ldm vi6c va lanh dao cd tdc dgng de'n hieu sua't, no life lam viec; cac giai phap lien quan de'n tien lildng- phiic ldi, cong viec-thdng tie'n, dilu kien lam viec, mdi tru'dng ldm viec, lanh dao vd dao tao se cd tac dgng de'n long trung thanh va miic dp gan ket cua nhan vien trong doanh nghiep CNTT.
Tiif khoa: Ldng trung thanh, nd lUc lam viec, cdng nghe thong tin, hpi nhap.
1. Dat vdTn di
Trong thdi gian qua, Viet Nam da tham gia manh me qud trinh hdi nhap va dat nhieu thdnh cdng. Hdi nhdp quoc te' da trd thanh mot trong nhiJng dong liTc quan trgng thuc day tang trUdng, phdt trien kinh te - xa hpi. De'n nay, da cd tdng cong 71 nUdc cdng nhan Viet Nam la nen kinh te' thi tru'dng. Viet Nam dang thiTc thi 12 FTA cd hieu lu'c (mdi nhd't la Hidp dinh EVFTA ky vdi EU). Viet Nam tiep tuc Id mpt diem den ha'p dan dd'i vdi nhieu nha dau td nu'dc ngoai, vdi tong so dd an FDI cdn hieu life d Viet Nam la 21.666 du an, tdng vd'n dang ky la hdn 293
ti USD. Dd cd khoang 100 nUdc va vilng lanh thd cd cdc du dn dau tU vd tren 100 tdp dodn da quo'c gia hang dau the gidi cd mat tai Vidt Nam.
Trong bdi canh hpi nhap neu tren, doanh nghidp CNTT Viet Nam cd nhieu cd hpi, nhUng cung cd khong it thdch thUc trong hoat dong san xua't - kmh doanh. Mot trong nhffng thach thUc ldn nhd't la phai bao dam, duy tri va phat trien ngudn nhdn life, ye'u td mang tinh cha't sd'ng cdn dd'i vdi doanh nghiep CNTT. Doanh nghiep phai canh tranh ve nhan life khdng chi vdi cdc doanh nghidp npi, md vdi ca cac doanh nghiep cd vd'n dau tu nUdc ngoai vd tham
So 2 2 - T h a n g 12/2019 155
TAP CHl CONB THIfdNG
chi la cdc doanh nghidp nudc ngoai thud nhan lUc trong nudc lam viec ti^ xa.
De khuye'n khich va giil chdn nhan vien, ngoai lUdng va thUdng, cdc doanh nghiep CNTT cdn cd nhieu cdng cu khac de giff chdn nhan vien nhu tinh hdp dan cua cong viec, phong cdch lanh dao, mdi trUdng lam viec, dieu kidn lam viec, phiic ldi, ddo tao,.. NhUng cdng cu ndo that sU hieu qua va mUc dd hieu qud ra sao Id nhifng dieu khdng chi doanh nghidp ma nhieu nhd nghien cUu cdng rd't quan tam.
Nghidn cUu tap trung xem xet tdc dong cija cac yeu to' nhu lUdng, phuc ldi, tinh chd't cdng viec, phong each lanh dao, mdi trUdng lam vide, dieu kien ldm viec, dao tao, quan he ddng nghidp vd thdng tid'n trong cdng vide do'i vdi Idng trung thdnh vd nd lUc lam vide ciia nhdn vien CNTT.
2. Nfii dung nghien cu'u
Long trung thanh vd no life cua nhan vidn Id chu de dupe nhieu hpc gia trong nUdc va qud'c td' quan tdm.
Spector (1997) da nghidn cUu va xdy dUng mot mo hinh danh gia mdc dd hdi long va thai dp gdm 9 yd'u td' (1) lUdng, (2) c<3 hSi thang tien, (3) dieu kien lam vide, (4) sU gidm sat, (5) ddng nghiep, (6) sif ydu thich cdng viec, (7) giao tid'p, (8) phan thudng ba't ngd vd (9) phuc iPi.
Theo nha nghidn cUu Janet Chew (2004), long trung thanh cua nhdn vidn chiu dnh hUdng cua 8 ye'u td: lUdng, thudng, sU trao quydn, dao tao, cd hoi thdch thiTc trong cong viec, hd trd tff lanh dao, quan he nPi ldm vide, van hda doanh nghiep, mdi trUdng lam viec vd truyen thong.
Ap dung tai Vidt Nam, tac gia Tran Kim Dung (2007) chi ra rdng, long trung thanh chiu anh hudng cua cac yd'u td phong each lanh dao vd van hda td chUc, SLf hd trd cua td chUc, thUdng hieu to chUc, sU trao quyen, dao tao vd phat tnen.
Tren cd .sd xem xet cac nghien cUu trong nUdc va qudc te ve cdc nhan td anh hUdng dd'n long trung thdnh va no lUc lam vide, nghien cti'u de xud't mo hinh sau: (Hinh 1)
Trong dd:
No luc dUdc hieu Id cdgang he't minh cua nhan vien trong td chUc de dUdc cdng hie'n nhieu hdn cho cong vide va sU sdn sang hy sinh quyen !di ca
Hinh 1: M6 hinh nghien ct^u de xud't
c
Cong viec(
Lanh dao(
Tien luong(
Dong nghiep(
Dao tao(Dieu kien lam viec
(
Moi trudng(
Phuc IpiC
Thang tiennhdn khi cdn thid't dd giiip dd td chffe lam vi6c thdnh cdng.
Su gdn ke't - long trung thdnh dffdc bieu hien ii vide nhdn vidn co y dinh d lai lau dai cimg to chtfc, ngay ca khi nhan dUdc de nghi ve mffe Iffdng bong hd'p ddn hdn tff cdc td chffe kbdc.
Cong viec dm chi nhiJng anb hffdng tich cUc tif cdng vide dd'i vdi mdi ngUdi, lidn quan de'n nhBng tbdch thffc trong cdng viec, cd hdi phdt huy nang luccd nhan vd cam nhan thii vj khi thuc hidn cong vide.
M(5( trudng ldm viec lidn quan dd'n cam giac ve khong khi lam vide, van hda lam vide va tdc phong lam viec trong doanh nghiep.
Dieu kien ldm viec bao gdm cdc ngudn lUc, cd sd vat chd't trong doanh nghiep.
Thdng tie'n Id nhffng cd hpi thang tien, phat trien cd nhan trong doanh nghiep.
Bdo tgo lidn quan de'n nhdn thffc cua nhan vi^n ve cd hgi dUdc dao tao, phat trien nang lUc ca nhdn.
Lanh dgo Hen quan den cdc mdi quan he gifia nhan vien vd Idnh dao ca'p tren true tiep, sU h§ tnJ cua ed'p tren, phong each Idnh dao vd kha ndng cua lanh dao trong vide thUc hidn eac chffe nang quan tri trong to cbffc.
Bong nghiep lien quan den cac hanh vi, quaD he ddng nghidp tai ndi ldm vide.
156 So 22-Thang 12/2019
QUAN IRI-QUANLV
c c
c
^Dieu k Tien luang lien quan de'n cam nhan cua nhdn vien ve mffe dd vd tinh cdng bang (ben trong vd ben ngodi) trong trd Iffdng.
Phuc 10 Id cdc khoan ho trd ngoai Iffdng, thudng cho ngudi lao dgng.
3. Phffrfng phap nghi&n ciJu 3.1. Thang do
Nghidn effu sff dung bdng cau hdi Dieu tra quan diem nhan vidn trong doanh nghiep do PGS.TS. Tran Kim Dung pbdt trien, ngoai cdc cau hdi ve nhan kh^u hpc, gdm 45 cdu hdi lien quan trUc tiep dd'n cac bie'n nghien effu ke tren, sff dung thang do Likert vdi 5 mffe d6 (tff mffe do 1 Id bodn todn phan ddi dd'n mUc dd 5 la hodn todn ddng y. PGS.TS. Tran Kim Dung da su;
dung thang do long trung thanh cua Aon Consulting, cd thay ddi vd bd sung mot so' cdu bdi cho phii bdp vdi didu kidn Vidt Nam. Thang do nay da dffdc sff dung trong nghidn effu cua nhieu tac gia khac nhau vd dd dffdc chiing minb Id pbii hdp vdi dieu kien thUc tidn eua Vidt Nam.
3.2. Mdu nghiSn ciiu
Dd'i tUdng nghien effu: Nhdn vien trong cdc doanh nghiep CNTT.
Kich cd mdu 600 ngudi dUdc Iffa chpn, trong dd 451 ngUdi tra ldi.
Cach thffc chgn mdu: Theo phffdng phap la'y mdu ngdu nhien. Tac gid lidn hd vdi cac hiep hpi phIn mem, tin bgc hda., chpn ngdu nhien mot sd ddn Vl thudc hdi vd mdi tham gia nghien effu. Cac doanh nghiep tham gia nghien effu dffdc de nghi yeu cau nhan vidn trong doanh nghidp mmh tham gia dieu tra.
3.3. Phdn tich ddlieu
Dff lieu dffdc ma hda, lam sach vd xff ly qua cac budc phdn ticb sau: (I) kiem dinh Cronbach Alpha lin I, (2) phdn tich nhdn td' EFA dffdc diing de kiem dinh gid tri phan biet cdc khai niem cua thang do, loai bo cde bid'n khdng phu hdp; (3) kidm dinh he sd Cronbach Alpha lln hai; (4) pbdn tich tffdng quan, hdi quy tuye'n tinh boi de kidm dinh md hinh nghidn effu; (5) thao luan ke't qua xi& ly sd lidu vd phdn tich kd't qua, dffa ra giai phdp.
4. Kd't qua nghidn cu'u
Kiem dinh Cronbach Alpha lan 1 cho kd't qua dat yeu cau.
Phan tich nhdn td: Sau 3 lan tien hanh phdn tich
nhdn to', loai bd 2 bid'n cd hd so' truydn tai khong pbu hdp, nghidn effu trich dffdc 7 nhdn to' cd y nghia tff 9 nhdn td'ban dau. 7 nhan to'ndy dffdc dat tdn iai la: 1. Cdng viec-thang tie'n; 2. Ldnhdao; 3.
Tien lUdng-phuc; 4. Ddo tao; 5. Ddng nghiep; 6.
Moi trUdng; 7. Dieu kidn ldm vide. (Hinh 2) Hinh 2: fidd hinh nghien cUu dieu chinh
Cong viec Thang tien
Tien luong Phuc Idi ( Ddng nghiep
> -
(M6i trudng I;
He so' Cronbach Alpha cua cac nhan to' mdi trich dUdc sau khi phan tich nhan to' deu d mffe dat yeu cau tff 0,7 de'n 0,9.
4.1. Cdc nhdn tdtdc ddng den no Idc ldm viec Sau kbi phan tich hdi quy tuye'n tinh, ke't qud dat dUde la bien Dao tao khong dat du mffe y nghia thdng ke d gid tri 0,978>0,05. Ldn thff 2 sau khi loai bd bie'n ddo tao, bid'n dong nghiep dat ke't qua dm vdi gid tri mffe y nghia la 0,095 >0,05. Sau khi dffa 2 bie'n tren ra khdi phdn ticb ta dffdc bang kd't qua nhff sau: (Bang 1)
Cac yeu to' chinh anh hudng dd'n nd lUc cua nhan vien dUdc xd'p theo mffe dp anh hUdng tff cao xud'ng thd'p la: cong viec-thang tie'n, dieu kien lam vide, tien lUdng-phtic ldi, moi trUdng ldm vide vd lanh dao.
Ye'u to' cdng vidc-thang tie'n cd mffe dp anh hffdng manh nhd^t vdi he so' Beta la 0,523, theo sau lan Iffdt la dieu kien lam viec va tien Iffdng-phuc ldi. Hai yd'u to' cdn lai la mdi trUdng vd lanh dao, mac dd cd he sd anh hffdng it nhd't Id 0,216 va 0,208 nhung van dat mffe y nghia thd'ng ke. Cac nhdn to' ddc lap cd the giai thich dffdc 58% nd lUc ldm viec cua nhan vien nhff theo bang R binh pbUdng.
So 2 2 - T h a n g 12/2019 157
TAP CHi CONG THlfllNG
Bang 1. Ket qud phan tich hoi quy tdc ddng cua cdc nhan to len nd ILTC ldm vi#c
(Hang so) Cong viec-thang tien Lanti dao Tien luong-ptiuc loi MOI truclng Dieu l(ien
H$ so ctiua ctiuan tioa B
1,621 ,434 ,131 ,242 ,139 ,426
Sai so chuan ,293 ,082 ,067 ,079 ,067 ,080
H$ so ctiuin tioa Beta
,523 ,208 ,307 ,216 ,517
t
5,534 5,289 2,060 3,055 2,280 6,309
MQcyngtiTa
,000 1 ,000 ^ ,042 1
,003 ,037 ,000 Nguon: Tinh todn tU dU lieu dieu tra Bdng 2. Ket qud phdn tich hoi quy tdc ddng cua cdc nhdn td len Idng trung thdnh
(Hang so') Cong viec-tliang tien Lanh dao Dao tao Tien iLiCng-phuc ioi IVloi trucing Dieu Itien
H$ so chua chuan hoa B
1,164 ,253 ,143 ,138 ,290 ,186 ,197
Sat so chuan ,325 ,088 ,098 ,084 ,089 ,152 ,111
H$ s ^ chuan hoa Beta
,311 ,199 ,191 ,327 ,245 ,260
t
3,578 2,868 1,899 1,991 3,257 ,962 2,584
Ml^c y nghTa
,001 ,005 ,041 ,049 ,002 ,038 ,011
4.2. Cdc nhdn to tdc dgng den sUgdn ket (long trung thanh)
Phan tich hdi quy tuye'n tinh cho ra kd't qua khong dat dd'i vdi bid'n ddng nghiep co he sd Beta 0,062 vd mffe y nghTa la 0,585>O,05. Kd't qua phdn tich lan 2 eho ra kd't qua nhff sau: (Bang 2)
Cd the tha'y rdng, ede he sd tdc dong dd'n bid'n sff gan kd't tuy cung dat dffdc mffe y nghia thdng kd nhffng ed he so' Beta khong Idn nhff tac ddng dd'n nd Iffc. Cd 6 bid'n dgc lap tdc ddng den sff gan kd't cua nhan vien, xd'p theo mffe do anb hudng tff cao xudng tha'p la tien lUdng-phiic Idi, cong viec- thdng tien, dieu kien ldm viec, mdi trUdng lam vide, lanh dao vd sau cung la ddo tao.
Ngudn: Tinh todn id dd lieu dieu tra
Trong dd, tien lUdng-phtic ldi ed dnh htfdng manh nha't den sU gan kd't vdi he sd Id 0,327, theo sau la edng vidc-thang tie'n. 4 bie'n cdn lai tdc dong dd'n su gan ket dffdc phdn hang thff tU manh den yd'u la dieu kidn lam viec, mgi trUdng lam viec, lanh dao va dao tao. Hai nhdn to sau ciing co tac dong khdng dang kd' vdi hd sd nhd hdn 0,2. Ca 6 yd'u td nay tae ddng dd'n 54,7% dp bid'n thidn cua mffe dp gan ke't eua nhan vien.
5. Ke't lu^n
Dd tdng hieu sud't cdng viec vd nd lUc ldm viec cua nhdn vien CNTT trong bdi canh hoi nhap vdi cuoc canh tranh ve ngudn nhdn lite vdi cdc doanh nghiep trong va ngodi nUdc, cac doanh 158 So 22-Thdng 12/2019
QUAN TR!-QUANLY
nghiep can lUu y rang: Iffdng khong phdi Id ye'u to' quan trpng nha't, quan trgng hdn la tinh hd'p ddn cd hpi thang tie'n trong edng viec va sif cung ca'p day du cd sd vat cha't vd didu kien lam viec cho nhan vien. Cac yd'u to" mdi trUdng lam viec vd tdc phong lanh dao cung cin dUdc luu y vd cai thien.
Tuy nhien, dd giiJ chdn nhan vidn vd tranh
"chay mau cha't xam", yd'u td lUdng-pbffc ldi lai dong vai trd quan trong nhd't, tie'p dd'n la tinh hd'p ddn-cd hgi thdng tie'n trong edng viec, dieu kien ldm viec, mdi trUdng lam vide, Idnb dao vd sau Cling la ddo tao.
Mot so' cdng cu trong tffng nhan to' ma ede doanh nghidp ed the' xem xet la:
LUdng-phue ldi: Ngodi viec dam bao mffe Iffdng cao, doanh nghiep can dam bdo lUdng dffdc tra cdng bang (khdng cdo bang), tffdng xffng vdi mffe do ddng gdp va cd cae hoat dong quan tdm tdi can bg nhan vien.
Dd'i vdi tinh chd't vd sff thang tie'n trong cdng vide, doanh nghidp can dam bao bd' tri dung ngffdi, diing vide; cd cdng cu thich bdp de ddnh gid hidu suat cdng vide, bd' tri cdng vide ed tinh
thdch thffc, sang tao nd'u cd thd, ddng thdi ndu rd ede dieu kidn ein thid't de cd the dffdc thdng tie'n cho ngffdi lao ddng.
Ve mdi trUdng, khdng khi lam vide trong ITnh vifc CNTT, doanh nghiep can dam bao khdng khi ldm viec lich sU, hda nhd; dd'i xff cong bang, tao cam giac tin cdy ldn nhau trong edng vide; dam bao tae phong lam vide khan trffdng, diing tie'n dp.
Ve dieu kidn lam vide, bao gdm may tinh, kd't nd'i internet, ha tang CNTT - ydu to' ddng vai trd rd't quan trpng trong nganh CNTT, doanh nghidp can dam bdo dieu kien ve mdy mdc, trang thie't bi can thid't de phat huy vai trd cua ngudn nhan lUc.
Cae cdng cu ddo tao vd Idnh dao cd vai trd khong qua quan trpng dd'i vdi ngUdi lao ddng trong linh vUc CNTT, cd the do ngUdi lao dgng trong ITnh vUc nay coi trgng viec dUdc ldm cong vide phii hdp, mong muo'n dUdc dao tao qua cong viec hdn la dao tao ndng. Do do, hp nhin ehung khdng can ngUdi "cam tay chi viec", ma cd the hoat dgng tUdng dd'i ddc lap khi dUdc giao cdng vide vdi cde ydu cdu ro rdng ve chd't lUdng va tie'n dd cdng vide •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/. Hodng Trong vd Chu Nguyen Mong Ngoc (2008). Phdn tich didieu ngliien ciiu vdi SPSS Idp I & tap 2, NXB. Hong Ddc.TP Ho Chi Minh
2. Janet Cheng Lian Chew (2004). A Thesis The Influence of Human Resource management Practices on the Retention of Core Employees of Australian Organisations: An Empirical Study. Murdoch University, July-2004.
3. NguySn Dinh Thg (2011). PhUcmg phdp nghien cdu khoa hgc trong kinh doanh, Nhd xud't bdn Lao ddng - Xd hdi.
4. Spector, P.E. (1997). Job Satisfaction- Applicadon, Assessment, Causes, and Consequences. United Kingdom- Sage Publications Ltd.
5. Slump, E (2001). Augustine on free will. The Cambridge Companion to Augustine.
6. Thd tudng phdt bleu ket ludn hgi nghi Ban Chi dgo qudc gia ve hdi nhdp qud'c te'2019, Cong Thdng tin dien td Chinh pha (2019). Truy cdp tai htip://baochinhphu.vn/Cac-bai-phat-bieu-cua-Thu-tuong/Thu-tuong-phat-bieu-kel- luan-hoi-nghi-Ban-chi-dao-quoc-gia-ve-hoi-nhap-quoC'te/364306.vgp
7. Trdn Kim Dung vd Nguyin Thi Mai Trang (2007). Anh hudng ciia vdn hda to chdc vd phong cdch lanh dao de'n ke't qud ldm viec cda nhdn vien vd long trung thdnh ciia hg dd'i vdi to chiic. Nghien cdu khoa hoc ca'p Bg. Trudng Dgi hgc Kinh le'TP. Hd Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh.
8. Trdn Kim Dung (2009). Qudn tri nguon nhdn lUc, NXB. Thd'ng ke. TP Ho Chi Minh
So 22-Thang 12/2019 159
TAP GHJ CONG THIfQNG
Ngay nhan bai: 6/11/2019
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va sufa chu'a: 16/11/2019 Ngay chdfp nh^n dang bai: 26/11/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
l.TS. CHU TIEN DAT
Chu tich HDTV VTC Digicom, Tdng cong ty VTC, BO Thong tin va Truyin thdng 2. ThS. T R U O N G MEVH TIEN
Giang vi§n Trffdng Dai hoc Thdng Long
FACTORS AFFECTING LOYALTY AND WORK EFFORT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STAFF
IN THE CONTEXT OF INTEGRATION
• PhD. CHU TIEN DAT Chairman of Member Board of VTC Digicom, VTC Corporation, Ministry of Information and Communications
• MA. TRUONG MINH TIEN Lecturer of Thang Long University
ABSTRACT:
Human resource is considered a major asset of the business. Research and executives have determined that employee satisfaction is a key factor to success. Regarding Vietnamese enterprisesin the field of information technology (IT), human resources are the most valuable assets of enterprises and play an increasingly important role. However, in the context of integradon, IT businesses must have solutions to increase labor productivity for workers, while preventing the "brain dram" when workers move to other businesses, job. To find solutions to unprove productivity and retain workers, this study uses questionnaire Survey of employee attitudes in enterprises carried out by Assoc. Prof. PhD. Tran Kim Dung. The research results show that factors related to job-promotion, working conditions, salary-benefits, working environment and leadership have an impact on performance and work efforts; solutions related to salaries, benefits, promotions, working conditions, working environment, leadership and training will have an impact on employee loyalty and engagement on IT enterprises.
Keywords: Loyalty, work effort, information technology, integration.
160 So 2 2 - T h a n g 12/2019
