TAP CHI KHOA HpC PAI HpC VAN HIEN TAPS SO 3
NHAN DIEN VAN HOA, VAN HOC NAM BO TRONG NGHIEN CUtJ CUA CA VAN THINH
Le Sy Dong Trudng Dai hoc Thu Ddu Mot [email protected]
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 12/10/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng: 17/12/2018
Tdm tit
Tir truac din nay, viec nhdn diin vdn hda, vdn hoc cita mot vung mien duac dip can a nhieu phuang cdch khdc nhau Mdi phucmg cdch cho ngudi doc cd mol cdch nhin khdc nhau vi vdn hda, vdn hoc ciia mdi vitng. Trong bdi viet ndy, chung Idi dua vdo nhimg nghiin cdu cua Ca Vdn Thinh de nhdn diin vdn hda, vdn hoc Nam Bo vai cdc khia canh nhu: vdn hoc ddn gian, vdn hoc viet, Uch su vdn hoc, vdn hda gido due Tir kit qud nghien cuu ndy, trudc het chung tdi mudn khdng dinh nhirng ddng gop cua Ca Vdn Thinh vdi viic md dudng nghien ciru vdn hda, vdn hoc Nam bd, sau nira Id muon nhdn mgnh den nhirng phuang diin vdn hda Iruyin thdng d Nam bo md Ca Vdn Thinh dd ddy cdng ddnh iron cd dai de nghien cim.
Tie khda: Ca Vdn Thinh, vdn hda, vdn hoc. Nam Bd
Identification of culture, literature in Southern from Ca Van Thinh 's research Abstract
Unld now, the identification cultural and literary of a region has been approached in a variety of ways. In each of these ways, the reader has a different recognization on the culture and literature of that region. In this article, we rely on the research ofCa Van Thinh lo identify the culture and literature of the Southern with aspects such as folklore, lileralure. literary history, culture and education. From the results of this research, before of all, we want lo confirm the contributions of Ca Van Thinh with the opening of the road to study the culture and lileralure of the Southern; and then, we would like lo emphasize the traditional cultural aspects of the Southern that Ca Van Thinh devotes his own life lo research.
Key word: Ca Van Thinh, culture, literature, southern.
Dat vin d l cung lam ro han nhirng ddng gdp ciia Ca Van Khoang ban muai nam diu thi ky XXI, cac Thinh ddi vdi viec bao tdn van hda, van hgc nha nghidn cuu van hda, van hgc din lat lai Nam Bg.
nhiing cdng trinh nghien ciiu cua tiln nhan dl Nhu ta bilt, Ca Van Thinh hudng thg 85 hidi dncd tti tan, dl danh gia lai nhirng ddng gdp ciia ( 1 9 0 2 - 1987). Trong 85 nam hanh lac tren coi ngudi dl trudc ddi vdi tien trinh bao tdn van boa, ddi, dng khdng ngimg cd gang phan dau de hoan van hgc dan tdc. Tuy nhien, dl cd cai nhin toan thien ban than, tao lap cho minh su nghiep, cd dien vl van hda, van hgc Nam Bd khdng phai la nhieu cdng hien dang ke d nhieu linh vuc cho mdt viec dl dang. Ci bai vilt nay, chiing tdi budc nudc nha. Tir ttudc 1945, Ca Van Thinh (but diu nhan dien van hda, van hgc Nam Bg qua danh Ngac Xuyen) da cdng bd kha nhieu bai viet nhiing cdng trinh nghien ciiu cua Ca Van Thinh tren Dgi Viet Tap chi nhu Bien dich tiiu sic nhim gdp them mgt gdc nhin khac ve nhirng ldp Nguyen Thdng: Khdng hoc ddt Ddng Nai; Ludn trim tich van hda, van hgc Nam Bd; ddng thdi ve nui; Din Di Thien ddi vdi tiin nhan la;
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Nguyen Vdn Thoai vdi su ddo Thoai hd vd kinh Vinh ti; Minh bdi di ngir - Mdt quyin sdch hai Ihi xd.. Sau nam 1945, Ca Van Thinh tilp tue cdng bd nhirng nghien ciiu cua minh tten Tap chi Nghien cim Vdn hoc. Tap chi Nghien cint Lich sii, Bao Vdn nghe TP HCM... Cimg vdi dd, Ca Van Thinh xuat ban cudn Hdo khi Dong Nai. Nxb TP.HCM, nam 1983; va dugc Nxb DHQG Ha Ngi tai ban nam 2014. Ngoai ra, dng con de lai rat nhieu ban thao chua cdng bd nhu: Nguyen Dinh Chieu cudc ddi vd su nghiep;
Nguyen Dinh Chieu nhd tha chiin ddu vl nghia cd; Phong trdo ddu tranh lite tinh trong thdi gian ddu xdm Iuac ciia Phdp; Tim hiiu long dao cita Nguyin Dinh Chieu; Niim mo udc cita Nguyen Dinh Chieu ve mat xa hdi cong bdng bdc di dang thdnh hiin thuc trong chu nghia xd hdi ngdy nay;... Va 17 cudn nhat ky. Vdi nhiing cdng trinh nay, Ca Van Thinh da cimg vdi nhirng nha nghien ciru duong thdi cd nhung ddng gdp Idn, giiip cho the he sau nhan dien rd rang han ve van hda, van hgc Nam Bg.
1. Nhan di#n van hda, van hoc Nam B6 qua nghien cihi cua Ca Van Thinh ve van hpc dSn gian Nam Bp
Qua tim hieu nhirng cong trinh ve van hgc hoac CO lien quan den van hgc cua Ca Van Thinh, chiing tdi nhan thay rang: Ve suu tam va nghien ciiu van hgc dan gian Nam Bo thi cudn Hdo khi Ddng Nai la cd gia tri nhat, quan trgng nhit va cd le la tam huyet nhat ma Ca Van Thinh de lai. Md dau cong trinh nghien cim nay, Ca Van Thinh trinh bay y kien ciia minh vl mdt sd truyen, tha dan gian truyen khau vdi muc dich gidi thieu den cong chung yeu tha van dan tdc mdt viing van hpc kha mdi me va la lim - van hgc dan gian Nam Bg. Day chinh la sir bo khuyet het siic quan ttong ma Ca Van Thinh gdp vao nhung cdng trinh van hgc sii thdi biy gid.
Khi xem lai nhung cudn van hgc sii' nhu:
Lich sit- vdn hoc Viel Nam, Tap 4b (Le Tri Viln, 1976), Sa khdo lich sir vdn hoc Viet Nam: Giai dogn nira cudi thi ky XDC (Huynh Ly va cdng sir, 1964), Vdn hoc Viet Nam the ky XVII! nira ddu IhikyXIX{^^yln Ldc va cdng sir, 1962), chiing tdi thiy cac cudn sach nay hiu nhu khdng
hoac chi danh mdt phan nhd viet ve van hoc Nam Bd de cha day dii ngi dung van hoc viing mien, Cd the do chua du dieu kien de di khao sat, suu tam; hoac do han che ve y thuc mang tinh hch sir ma cac tac gia nhiing cudn sach trSn da vd tinh lang quen hoac cd nhung thilu sot trong qua trinh bien soan hch sii van hgc dan tdc. Dii vdi ly do gi thi dd ciing la nhiing han che ciia cac nha nghien ciiu van hoc dSu thi ky trudc. Vi vay ma van hgc dan gian Nam Bp lai cang it dugc quan tam, chii y. Va do vSy, su day cong ciia Ca Van Thinh nghien eiiu van hpc Nam bd de gdp siic khac phuc nhung han ch6 ciia ngudi di trudc la vd cimg quan ttgng.
Ngoai viec gidi thieu, Ca Van Thinh con miet mai suu tam nhiing van pham d hau het cac the loai van hgc dan gian d Nam Bd. Cu the nhu:
Ve ca dao suu tam dugc 78 bai. Bai ngan nhSt hai cau, bai dai nhat mudi sau cau; Vi luc ngu suu tam dugc 24 cau; Vl ly suu tim duac 10 bai, ngan nhat 2 cau, bai dai nhat bdn cau; Ve truyen dan gian sim tam dugc 15 van ban (Ca Van Thinh, 1983).
Mdt dong gdp khac, Ca Van Thinh da chi ra vai trd, gia fri va vi tri thiet yeu ciia van hpc dan gian Nam Bd trong van hgc dan gian ciia dan toe va trong tien trinh van hgc su Viet Nam. Ca Van Thinh da chi ra rang van hgc dan gian Nam Bp cd vai ttd phan anh nhirng tam tu, tinh camva nguyen vpng cua ngudi dan Nam Bo. Nhu Truyin Thu Hudng. len an nhirng ke gian ac, sdng tren md hdi, nudc mat, xuong man ciia nhirng ngudi ndng dan lao dgng ngheo kho. Tu dd ndi len su hudng thien cua ngudi Nam Bo chan chit that tha, khoan dung. Ca Van Thinh con chimg minh dieu do qua cac cau ca dao hay nhimg mau chuyen ve nhirng ngudi vg thuy chung, nhiing vi anh hiing yeu nudc. Vi nhu Truyen Nui Bd Ddi Om, mgt mat, Ca Van Thinh nggi ca diic hanh thuy chung, chiu thuang, chiu khd cua ngudi vg; mat khac len an chi dp suu thue, phu phen nang ne.
Ciing vdi dd, Ca Van Thinh khing dinh tinh giao due va tinh chiln dau trong cac tac pham dan gian Nam Bg. Ta thiy d hiu hit d cac cong trinh cua Ca Van Thinh deu de cap hoac nhan
TAP CHI KHOA Hpc 0^1 HpC VAN HIEN manh den mat giao due cua van hgc dan gian Nam Bg. Vi nhu cac bai vilt: Qua nhieu thdi gian, thdnh phd ta la mgt chiin irudng chong ngoai xdm, Truyen thong qudt cudng cua Nam Bg vd^ Viet Nam. vai tinh thdn ddu tranh ciia Nguyen Dinh Chiiu. Phong trdo ddu Iranh ciia nhdn ddn Luc tlnh trong thdi gian ddu xdm Iuac cua^ qudn Phdp. 6 nhung bai vilt tren, tinh chien dau, tinh thin quat cudng cua ngudi dan Nam Bd dugc thi hien kha rd net. Dd la nhiing cudc diu tranh ciia dan ngheo chdng lai dia chu, la nhiing cuge dau franh ddi lai su cdng bing cho xS hdi; la nhirng cudc diu tranh chong lai thien tai de sinh tdn; va han hit la nhung cuge dau tranh chdng lai ke thu xam luge - ma dac biet la nhiing cudc dau tranh chdng thuc dan Phap cudi the ky XIX dau thi ky XX dugc thi hien ttong cac tac pham nhu: Truyin Truang Quyen, Hich thiiu mudi, Hich con qua, Bdi ca phdn de (Ca Van Thinh, 1983)... va nhieu tac pham khac niia.
Cudi ciing, Ca Van Thinh chi ra vi tri cua van hgc Nam Bd trong mdi quan h8 hiiu ca giua van hgc dan gian mien Nam va van hgc dan gian mien Bae. Tir dd, dng khang dinh van hgc dan gian Nam Bd la mdt bd phan cua ljch sir van hgc dan gian Viet Nam frong sir thdng nhat cua Nam Bd va Bic Bd. Trong bai: Y nghT ve vdn hoc stir Nam Bg vd mdi quan hi Bdc Nam, dng viet:
"Bien luc van hoc dan gian d Bac cd nhieu tap sach. Ngoai nhirng tap sach chii Ndm, chii Han dugc in hoac chep tay tir xua cdn cd hai tap Tue ngii phong giao chir Qudc ngii cua Nguyin Van Nggc" (Ngac Xuyen, 1975), ma trong dd ta thiy nhiing dau vet luu lai trong van hgc dan gian Nam Bg; hay "ddi chieu may tap sach dan gian xua nay, Bac va Nam, chiing ta sung sudng thay nhieu cau gidng nhau, nhat la tue ngii, phuong ngdn" (Ngac Xuyen, 1975).
Nhu vay, qua viec nghien ciiu van hge dan gian, Ca Van Thinh budc dau cho ngudi dgc thay dugc mdi quan he giira van hda, van hgc Nam Bd vdi Bac Bd; ddng thai, dng ciing chi ra dugc net dac tnmg ttong tinh each cua ngudi Nam bd la tinh hudng thien, giau tinh nghia, chudng sir thing ngay va yeu le cdng bing.
2. NhSn dien van hoa, van hoc Nam Bg qua nghien cuu ciia Ca Van Thinh ve van hoc viet Nam bo
Trudc hit do la nhiing ddng gdp trong viec gidi thieu cac tac gia van hgc Nam Bd. Ta thay hau het cac cdng trinh, cac bai viet cua Ca Van Thinh ve van hoc, hoac cd hen quan den van hgc nhu: Nguyin Him Huan thdn thi vd su nghiep (Ca Van Thinh, 1976); Nguyen Dtnh Chiiu cudc ddi vd su nghiep (Ca Van Thinh, ban thao a);
Hdo khi Dong Nai (Ca Van Thinh, 1983); Nhd hai nhd gido Vo Trudng Todn vd Nguyin Dinh Chieu (Ca Van Thinh, 1978), YnghTve vdn hgc sir Nam bd vd mdi quan hi Bdc Nam (Ngac Xuyen, 1975) deu de cap den it nhieu mdt vai tac gia, tac pham van hgc Nam Bg dd la nhung tac gia cd tinh yeu nudc ndng nan nhu: Hd Huan Nghiep, Phan Van Tri, Mac Thien Tich, Trinh Hoai Diic, Nguyen Cu Trinh, Vo Trudng Toan, Dang Ditc Thuat, Ngd Nhan Tinh, Le Quang Dinh, Nguyin Thdng, Huynh Man Dat, Tran Thien Chanh, Nguyin Dinh Chilu. Han nhien, nhiing tac gia nay tir trudc da dugc nhieu nha nghien ciiu biet den, suu tam nghien ciru.
Ciing vdi viec gidi thieu cac nha van Nam Bg, Ca Van Thinh edn ddng gdp tich cue ttong viec suu tam va nghien ciiu van hgc viet.
Ve mat suu tam, Ca Van Thinh chii tam bien tap tha van ciia nhirng nha tha yeu nudc, nhiing tac pham cd tinh chien dau cao hoac cd y nghia giao due sau sac. Ngoai tha van suu tap va chii giai trong hai cdng ttinh Nguyen Dinh Chiiu todn tap (2 tap), Ca Van Thinh va cdng su (1982); Tha vdn yeu nudc Nam Bg (nira sau thi kyXIX), Bao Dinh Giang, Ca Van Thinh (1977), Hdo khi Dong Nai. Ca Van Thinh (1983), dng cdn bien khao, dich nhieu tha van chir Han sang chir Qudc ngii.
Ve mat nghien cim, ngoai nhirng ddng gdp ve mat chii giai tir ngii, tim hieu hoan canh ra ddi ciia fac pham, Ca Van Thinh cdn co nhiing ddng gdp dang ke trong qua trinh danh gia gia tri ngi dung nhiing van pham van hgc Nam Bg, Vi nhu:
Ca Van Thinh nghien ciiu ve Nguyin Dinh Chilu kha sdm. Nam 1942, dng cd bai Bdi diin
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vdn dgc trong le ky niem ngdy mdt Nguyin Dinh Chiiu - da khing dinh ro them vai trd, vi fri cua Nguyin Dinh Chieu frong van hpc Nam bg.
Tilp dd, sau 1945, thdi ky vdi bdn be cac cdng viee phuc vu cho each mang - dng van miet mai nghien ciiu ve Nguyen Dinh Chieu.
Ong ludn cd gang tim tdi dl chimg minh Nam Bd cd mdt nen van hgc thuc su het siic phong phu. Dieu dd the hien trong cac bai vi8t dii mang tinh each mang thi dng van lay dan chung trong van hgc de minh chiing cho dilu minh khang dinh. Rieng Nguyin Dinh Chieu - ong cd khaang dam bai viet ve hoac lien quan den tac gia nay. Sau Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Ca Van Thinh gidl thieu hang loat eac tac gia, ma sau nay dugc bien soan trong cudn Hdo khi Ddng Nai - viet ri8ng, va cudn Tha vdn yiu nudc Nam Bg cudi r/7e^V'^2A'-viet chung vdi Bao Dinh Giang. De khang dinh rd ban vai trd cua Ca Van Thinh ddi vdi van hgc viet Nam Bd, chiing tdi xin ban th^m ve vi tri ciia dng ttong cdng ttinh nay.
Ngay dau cudn sach, Nha xuat ban Van hpc Giai phdng (1977) ghi: Tha vdn yeu nudc Nam Bg (nda sau thi ky XIX), Bao Dinh Giang bien soan, Ca Van Thinh gidi thiSu, Cuin sach nay dugc in lan dau nam 1962, sau dd dugc tai ban nhieu lan, nhung ea ban cdng ttinh nay khdng cd gi thay doi. Dua vao nhiing nghien ciiu eiia minh, chiing tdi khang dinh, Ca Van Thinh khdng chi cd cdng gidi thieu ma cdn cd cdng cimg Bao Dinh Giang bien soan cudn sach nay.
Bang chimg la: Thii nhat: trudc khi cudn sach ra ddi - in lan dau 1962, Ca Van Thinh da cd nhirng bai viet ve cac tac gia vi du nhu: Nguyin Dinh Chieu, Nguyin Thdng, Phan Van Tri, Nguyin Hiru Huan., Sau dugc soan trong cuIn sach nay. Thii hai: Khi so sanh van ban bien soan ttong cuon sach nay vdi nhiing van ban trong cudn Hdo khi Ddng Nai, Ca Van Thinh (1983) thi cd mdt sd van pham va tac gia dugc bien soan trimg nhau. Vi du nhu. Tha Phan Van Tri cd: Con trdu, con meo, con cua, con rdn, dd cd thia ihia; Bui Hiiu NghTa cd' Cdy vdng, cdy ban-, Huynh Man Dat cd: Cdy dira; Nguyen Hiiu Huan cd: Cdy bdp; ngoai ra ta cdn thiy truyen:
Cdu truyen yem quy cua Nguyin Thdng, da
dugc Ca Van Thinh (Ngac Xuyen, 1943 b) dang tten Dgi Viet Tap chi. Thii ba: Bai gidi thieu cudn sach cua Ca Van Thinh khdng ban chi co chiic nang gidi thieu, ma nd la mgt b^i nghien ciiu van hgc (viet thang 5/1962, bd sung va siia chira thang 7/1972).
Nhu vay, nen chang chiing ta phai viet tac gia Tha van yeu nudc Nam Bg: nua sau the ky XIX Id Ca Van Thinh gidi thieu va cimg Bao Dinh Giang bien soan de khang dinh ddng gop hit siic quan frgng cua Ca Van Thinh doi vdi cdng trinh nay.
Qua viec khao sat nhirng cdng trinh tren, chimg tdi nhan thay Ca Van Thinh da chiing minh dugc ndi dung chu yeu ttong van hpc Nam bg dd la tinh than yeu nudc. Tinh yeu nudc ay
"chay" xuyen sudt tir van hgc dan gian den van hgc viet. Ciing tir ngi dung van hgc nay, Ca Van Thinh ciing da lam rd mach nguon van hda Nam Bg chinh la tinh yeu nudc, y thiic tu cudng, va tir chii dan tdc.
3. Nhan dien van hda, van hgc Nam Bo qua nghien ciru ciia Ca Van Thinh ve lich s^
van hgc Nam Bg
Cd le trudc day gidi nghien cim it quan tam tdi van hgc Nam Bd vi hg cho rang van hgc Nam Bg khdng cd lich sir, khdng cd truyen thong. Do do, neu CO cdng trinh nao cd de cap din van hpc Nam Bd thi ciing chi nhac den Trinh Hoai Diic, Nguyen Dinh Chieu chii khdng ttinh bay, nghien cuu ky ludng va cd h8 thdng. The nen de van hgc Nam Bd duae cac nha nghien ciiu quan tam thi trudc het phai chiing minh dugc van hpc Nam Bg cd qua khii, cd truyen thdng va cd lich sir hinh thanh va phat frien. Vdi nilm tin va tinh yeu van hgc tren manh dit Nam Bd, Ca VSn Thinh da chimg minh dugc dieu ma ngudi dan Nam Bp hang mong dgi: Khang dinh Nam Bp cd nen van boa, van hgc mang truyen thdng con Hdng, chau Lac. Day chinh la nilm tu hao ciia ngudi mien Nam. Trong bai vilt Y nghi vi van hoc sir Nam bg vd mdi quan hi Bdc Nam (Ngac Xuyen, 1975), tac gia da din ra nhung bing chiing chiing minh nhan dinh cua Nguyin Van Hau "van hgc Nam Eg khdng cd qua khii ", la sai lac. Ca Van Thinh da dua vao nhiing su kien
TAP CHl KHOA Hpc DAI HpC VAN HIEN lich su de chi ra rang: Khoang 300 nam trudc day, td tien cua ngudi Nam Bd gdc ngudi Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thira Thien Hul,... vao sinh song d Ddng Nai. Do vay nhirng cau truyen xua, nhiing ldi day dd, nhirng net van haa qua ca dao, tue ngii bieu thi rd tlnh chat chung cua ngudi mien Nam dugc truyen tu the he nay sang the he khac ttong cac gia dinh Nam Bd. Ve van hgc dan gian dugc luu truyen ca frong Nam, ngoai Bac nhu: Tue ngii: Cd chdu chim long, Ld rung ve cgi, dn mgt dgi ndi mgt lai; Mia sdu co dot nhd dot cd nai..., Ca dao: Ngudi cdn thi cita cSng cdn miin la nhdn nghia vudng trdn thi thdi hay (7 ddi mudn sw ciia chung, hon nhau mot tieng anh hung md thdi; Cd tich: Trdu cau, Phu Ddng, Tdm Cdm...
The la d Nam Bd tir khi chua cd van hge thanh van thi phong tue, tap quan, ngdn ngii, truyen thdng dan tdc the hien qua van hgc dan gian da truyen tir Bac vao; ngay cang an sau vao tam tti, tac phong con ngudi Nam Bd.
Mat khac trong bai viet cua minh, Ca Van Thinh ciing dan lai hai tac pham, mot eua Le Quy Ddn - Phu Bien tgp luc, mdt ciia Pham Nguyen Du - Nam hdnh ky ddc tap de khang dinh mdi quan he van hoa Bac Nam. Rieng phan van hgc, hai van sT tren da ky cdng suu tam, nghien ciiu van hoc Nam Bd - dac biet la nhiing su kien van hgc sii bet siic quan trgng, lam phong phii them van lieu dat Ha Tien cimg Gia Dinh. Dang chii y nhu danh gia cua Le Quy Ddn ve tha hg Mac: "Cac van nhan Trung Qudc va Thuan Quang kha nhieu ngudi da hga van 10 bai tha cua Mac Xem the dii bilt rang d nai hai ngoai ciing cd van chuong hay tha. Trong mudi bin vinh canh Ha Tien, cd bai thii 9 va bai thii 10 la hay ban ca" (Ca Van Thinh, 1975). Ci quyln II, Nam hdnh ky ddc tdp, Pham Nguyin Du cung trich mdt sd tho ciia Mac (Ca Van Thinh, 1975):
"Nhirng van tha ehii Ndm vl 10 canh Ha Tien ciia Mac Thien Tich rat dugc phd bien d Nam Bd, Nhiing tap thi tuyen chii Qudc ngu: tir cudi the ky XEX cua Huynh Tinh Ciia, Le Quang Chieu, Le Sum da dang tha ciia Mac Thien Tich. Dac biet Ddng Hd da bien khao ttong nhieu sd tap chi Nam Phong ve Mac Thien Tich.".
Tren ca sd ay, Ca Van Thinh (1975) da chi ra rang: "van hgc Nam Bd hinh thanh va phat trien tten sir ke thira van hge Viet Nam tir thdi Himg Vuang, qua han 1000 nam bi phuong Bac dd hg, trudc nhiing thach thiic Idn lao, nhieu phen gianh dgc lap. Nhiing dau vet ve su ke thira nay cd the tim thay trong van nghe, van haa dan gian cung nhu frong van hgc thanh van. Truyen thdng van hgc ay gan lien vai sir tiep thu tu tudng phucmg Ddng mdt each ehgn Igc". Trong bai Gdp y vi hai lap lich sir vdn hoc Viet Nam, Ca Van Thinh viet: "Ciing vdi Nho giaa, Phat giao da vao dat nudc ta vdi triet ly: Phat d Idng ngudi, khdng phan dang cap, thich hgp vdi dire tinh truyin thdng dan tdc. Den thi ky X, sau chiln thang Bach Ding, cac Trieu Dinh, Le, Ly va mdt phan Trieu Tran chiu anh hudng nhieu cua Thien tdng tir phai Ti-ni-da-luu-chi den Vd Ngdn Thdng va Thao Dudng. Den the ky XUI, Tran Nhan Tdng viet bai tu "Thien tdng chi nam" nhac lai ldi qudc su d chiia Yen Tii: "pham da lam vua ttang thien ha, phai lay y mudn cua thien ha lam y mudn cua minh, phai lay tam Idng ciia thien ha lam tim Idng ciia minh" (Ca Van Thinh, 1975).
Diic tinh truyen thdng kien cudng, dgc lap, thdng nhat ciing vdi tinh than sinh boat cua nhiing nha nhiet tinh yeu nudc yeu dan da tao dieu kien thuan lgi dl van dung mat tich cue cua Nho giao. Ngoai Nguyen Trai, ta ciing nen tim hieu them Nguyen Dinh Chieu - mdt nha tha mil day tinh yeu nudc, yeu dan; Mgt ngudi chiu anh hudng nhirng dien tich eiia nha Tdng Nho Tuang Tai, tac gia cua nhung tap "Tay Minh, Chinh Mdng" - vdi ngi dung kha tien bd. Tir tac phim Luc Van Tien den Duang Tir Ha Mau, rdi Van te NghTa sT Can Giudc diu de cao nhiing ngudi anh hiing xuat than tir ndng dan; nhirng ngudi dam hy sinh than minh vi viec nghTa, vi dan vi nudc" (Ca Van Thinh, ban thao b). Tir nhiing nghien cim tren, Ca Van Thinh da chiing minh dugc van hgc Nam Bg khdng nhirng cd qua khii ma cdn cd mdi lien he khang kbit vdi van hgc mien Bac.
Mat khac, Ca Van Thinh da chi ra ben canh nhiing net chung frong van hgc Viet Nam, thi 71
VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUMES NUMBERS van hgc Nam Bd ciing cd nhung dac diem rieng.
Nhiing dac diem rieng ay gan lien vdi ldi sdng, haan canh sdng, ca tinh cua ngudi Nam Bd. Van ngdn ttong van hpc Nam Bd khdng cau ky, it sau xa. Nd gan liln vdi ldi an tieng ndi hang ngay nhung lai giau tinh giao due nhan nghia dao diic. Trong ban than van hgc Nam Bd cung CO nhiing mdi Hen he neng biet giiia cac thdi ky.
Cu thi, Ca VanThinh da chung mmh dugc mdi lien he ay qua bai: Minh bgt di ngu - Mol quyen sdch hai ihixd (Ngac Xuyen, 1943 a), Dd la mdi lien he giiia nhdm Chieu Anh Cac d Ha Tien do Mac Thien Tich vdi nhdm Gia Dinh tam gia ma ngudi diing dau la Trinh Hoai Dire. Tir su phat trien ngi tai ay, van hgc Nam Bg da de lai mdt khdi lugng tac pham kha dd sd, Tuy nhien dng Cling chi ra rang. Nhimg mdi quan tdm den thdnh tuu vd qud irinh phdt trien cua vdn hgc miin Nam Id chua dung muc, cdn dugc quan tdm, chit y han nda (Ngac Xuyen, 1943 a).
Ddng gdp cua dng khdng chi d cai ggi la "chi dao", ma chinh ban than ong da xdn do bat lay who viec tim tdi nghien cim bd sung cho nhung thieu sdt hay sai lech ma cac cdng trinh nghien ciiu ve van hgc Nam Bd mac phai. CJ day chiing tdi xin khdng binh luan nhieu ma xin torn lugc mdt doan trang Phan II bai viet Gdpyve hai tap lich sir vdn hgc Tie/'jVam (Ca VanThinh, 1975) de thay rd ddng gdp va tam Idng cua Ca Van Thinh danh cho van hgc Nam Bd sau nang den the nao: "Con dan Nam Bd, hieu biet xa hpi, van hgc Nam Bo vdi sac thai rieng ciia dia phuang, tdi cam thay ban du thao hch su Viet Nam, tuy cd ndi qua ve Mac Thien Tich Ha Tien va ba nha tha Gia Djnh, nhung tac gia it biet van hoa, ngdn ngii, van nghe dan gian, va it tim tai lieu, sach bao chil qudc ngir xuit ban tir 1865, cd phin nao, d thu vien, nhu Gia Dinh bdo.
Ngdn ngii, chii qudc ngii: d tap I, trang 28
"Dau the ky nay (tire thi ky XX) chil Qudc ngQ thay the chu Ndm..." lai vilt them: "Nguyin Dinh Chieu phan doi khdng nhin din nd" (chil Qudc ngu) la khdng chinh xac. Sir that lich sii khdng nhu vay, sau khi xam chilm Nam ky (1867), Phap md ttudng day chii Qudc ngir tir Sai Gdn den eac tinh. Ciing vdi nd, thuc dan
Phap cho ra ddi td bao Qudc ngu- "Gia Djnh bao" (1865). Tit 1869 din 1897, Tnrong VTnh Ky lam chu but bao nay (Ca Van Thinh, 1975).
Trong giai doan nay, ta thay cd nhieu tac pham dugc phien am ra chii qudc ngir nhu: Luc Vdn Tiin (1873); KimVdn Kiiu (1875). Vl tilng noi Nam Bd, dang chii y cd nhieu tir gdc dan tgc. Vi du: Ngudi Nam Bg ggi: cay viet, ngdi viet ma khdng ggi "biit"; ggi la "ttai cay", it ggi la qua;
ggi la "vd, rudt" xe dap, xe hai ma khdng gpi la
"Idp sam".
Ve van hgc dan gian, ngdn ngu hgc, ta cd the bd sung them vai tac gia Nam Bg, thdi Phap thugc da hgp tac vdi thue dan nhu: Huynh Tinh Cua vdi Tue ngit, cd ngd, gia ngdn (1896);
Truang Minh Ky vdi Cdu hdt An Nam (1898);
Paulus Ciia vdi Chuyen gidi budn; Ve sdng rach Nam Bg, Khuyet danh dugc Truang VTnh Ky suu tam... Chuyen dan gian cd: chuyin Thu Hudng. chuyin Mieu ong bdn quy, chuyin Ba dgi om, ve thdy Thdng Chdnh, Sdu Trgng.
Ve moi quan he van hgc Bac - Nam, co Le Quy Ddn, Pham Nguyen Du, da suu tap van lieu mien Nam, va viet thanh Phu bien tgp luc. Nam hdnh ky ddc tap; Ngaai ra ta con thay nhilu thu tir, nhieu ldi bat, binh ve cac tac pham cua cac tae gia Nam - Bac trao ddi qua lai.
Dae biet cd hai diem can luu y bd Lich sii van hgc Viet Nam nay: Q tap 2, trang 213, co doan viet Can Trai thi tap ciia Le Quang Dinh la sai. Tac gia ciia Cdn Trai thi tdp la Trinh Hoai Diic; cdn Le Quang Dinh la tac gia cua Hoa nguyin thi thdo.
Nhu vay, Ca Van Thinh dS chi ra ylu td hit sire quan ttgng trong viec hinh thanh, phat tnen van hda, van hgc Nam bd dd la su giao luu va giao thaa vdi van hgc tmen Bac; ddng thdi do la su ket hgp giiia thdi quen sinh haat ciia ngudi Nam bd vdi ldi giao due giao due neu guong qua cac tac pham van hgc.
4. Nhan dien van hoa, van hge Nam B§
qua nghien cun cua Ca Van Thinh ve giao ducd-NamBg
Van de bien khao nhirng tai lieu cd, nhiing van lieu da bi that lac hoae luu truyen dau do rai rac trong dan gian da dugc rit nhieu nha khoa
TjCkP CHI KHOA Hpc DAI HpC VAN HIEN hgc quan tam suu tarn, nghien ciiu. Tuy vay, vin cdn khdng it tai lieu quy can dugc ghi chep, tim bem va dinh chinh. Y thiic dugc dilu do, Ca Van Thinh lay sd hgc cua ban than, lay tinh yeu men van hoa que huong lam nggn dudc soi dudng cho cudc sdng. Nen ngay khi cdn la sinh vien Cao dang Su pham Ddng Duong, liic nghe thay ngudi Phap giang: ddt Nam Bg khdng cd nin Nho hgc, ddn Nam Bd vdn gdc Id nhirng ngudi khdng ky ludt, la qudn dn cudp da lam dng vd ciing biit nit va khd chiu. Ong viet ttong Khdng hoc d ddt Ddng Nai: "Tdi ludn luon nudi trong long minh y chi phdi nghien ciru di bdng mgi cdch ddnh bgi ludn dieu re tien cua Bd ni phai xi (thdy gido Phdp dgy sir) (Ngac Xuyen, 1943 b). Ngay khi quay vl Ben Tre, dng da miet mai tim bing chiing de chiing minh d Nam Bd CO nen Nho hgc va dng da lam dugc dieu do bang bai dich Bdi ky a vdn mieu VTnh Long do Phan Thanh Gian soan nam Tu Diic thii 19, va Bdi vdn bia vi Vo Trudng Todn trich trong Ngga du sdo lap. Day chinh la ddng gdp dau tien cua dng trong qua trinh bien khao cua minh.
VSy ddng gdp dau tien eiia Ca Van Thinh cho van hoa Nam Bg la viec chting minh Nam Bd cd truyen thdng van hda gan vdi truyen thdng giao due Nho hgc. Rdi nhieu nam sau dd, ong tilp tue tim kiem va khuyen khich gidi nghien cim truy ciiu tang thu, suu tam thirc dia, luu giH nhihig thanh tuu van boa tien nhan de lai. Nha nghien ciiu Mac Dudng nhan xet: "Ong (Ca van Thinh) la mgt trong nhirng chuyen gia Idn diu tien ve nghien ciin Nam Bd da mudn van dung "chii nghia Mac va nhan pham", van dung nhiing y kien cua ddng chi Le Duan nam 1949 vao viec giao due hgc sinh va quan chiing de nghien ciiu can ngudi Nam Bd. Ong cdn la ngudi khuyin khich va ky giay gidi thieu cho doan di6u tra dien da dan tgc hge dau tien vao dau nam 1976 di cdng tac sau vy bao dgng d Tra Vinh va Sdc Trang dl nghien cim ve hau qua cua chii nghia thuc dan mdi ddi vdi vin de Khmer va Haa d ddng bang song Ciiu Lang.
Ong da can thiep va cii ehung tdi di tiep quan Tmng tam van hoa Cham d Phan Rang, Thu vien sach khaa hgc xa hdi cua Tran Le Xuan va
Ngd Dinh Nhu d Da Lat, Thu vien eua Dang Can lao Nhan vi thdi Ngo Dinh Nhiem d VTnh Long, dng rat quan tam den nghien ciru Van hoa 6 c Eo" (Ca Van Thinh, 2015).
Mat khac, Ca Van Thinh di tim hieu nghien ciiu, tieu sir, sir nghiep nhiing nhan vat ddng vai ttd quan trgng ttong van hoa Nam Bd. Vdi cac bai viet nhu: Bdi dien vdn Irong budi le ky niem Nguyen Dinh Chiiu, Nhd hai nhd gido Vo Trudng Todn vd Nguyen Dinh Chiiu, Bien dich tiiu sir Nguyin Thdng, Minh bdt di ngu — Mgt quyin sdch hai thi xd, Nguyin Vdn Thogi vdi su ddo Thoai Hd vd kinh Vinh Te, Tiiu sic Nguyin Vdn Thoai,... Ong da dung lai cudc ddi cua cac nhan vat ljch su' co tam anh hudng Idn den qua trinh phat trien van hoa va nhan each con ngudi Nam Bd. Ddng thdi dng mudn keu ggi nhan dan Nam Bd hay tiep tue phat huy nhimg truyen thdng van hoa tdt dep vdn cd ciia ngudi Nam Bd.
Mdt ddng gdp khac kha quan trgng ciia Ca Van Thinh ddi vdi Nam Bd chi'nh la ddng gop vao nen giao due Nam Bd. Ngay khi lam Ddc hgc Ben Tre, dng da chirng minh cho nhiing nha giao due dau the ky XX thay rang: Nam Bg ciing cd truyen thdng giao due, truyen thdng ay bat ngudn tir nhiing Idi hat ru, nhiing mau chuyen ma nhirng ngudi ba, nhiing ngudi me ke cho con chau va sau nay ket tinh, hdi tu d nha giao Vo Trudng Toan, nha tha Nguyin Dinh Chieu.
Bang nhiet huyet cua mdt nha giao va su rinh tudng cua mgt tri thiic Idn, Ca Van Thinh da chi ra hai phuong phap giao due ca ban. Phuang phap neu guang va phuang phap thuc hanh. O phuang phap neu guong, dng lay nhan each cua nhirng nha van hoa, van hgc, chi sT mau muc d dat Nam Bd tir tir khi hinh thanh eho tdi thdi dai Hd Chi Minh de tao mem tin va su anh hudng den nhan each va hanh ddng cua ngudi Nam Bd, Ong nhan manh van dl giao due con ngudi phai bat dau tir thud au tho - tii'c su giao due ay phai cd qua trinh hi thap len cao, tit don gian den phiic tap ma budc dau la neu guang, tao trong tri dc con tre nhirng tam guang dao diic tdt dep.
6 phuang phap thuc hanh, Ca Van Thinh dac biet de cao phuong phap "Tap nghTa" ciia Vd Trudng Toan. Ong chi ra uu diem cua phuang
VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOLUMES NUMBERS phap nay la vira giiip ngudi hgc tiep thu ly
thuyet vira van dung vao thuc te; bien nhiing Iy thuyet giao dieu thanh hanh dgng thue te, Tii' dd giup ngudi hgc himg thii va lam theo nhimg gi da hoc.
Vay la, Ca Van Thinh qua viec tim hieu nen giao due Nam Bg da cho thay truyen thdng van boa Nam bg luon dugc nudi duang trong truyin thdng giao due lay tinh than yeu nudc lam chu dao, va van hgc Nam bg lay khuynh hudng "tap nghia, dudng khi" lam de tai sang tac.
Ket luan
Til' kit qua nghien ciiu tren, co the khang dinh rang, Ca Van Thinh da gdp phin vao viec luu giu nhirng tac pham van hgc dan gian - la bang chimg de khang djnh moi quan he van hgc Bac Nam cd tir lau ddi Dong thdi, d nhiing tac pham dng suu tam dugc cung khang dinh van hda, van hgc Nam Bd cd nhirng dac thu rieng ciia no trong qua ttinh van ddng tdn tai va phat ttien. Chinh Ca Van Thinh la mdt trong nhung nha nghien ciru dau tien khang dinh cai hay, cai tinh hoa cua van hgc Nam Bd la d ngdn ngii mdc mac, gan giii vdi ldi an tieng ndi ngudi Nam Bd, gin vdi tinh each "ngang tang", phong khoang va thich tir do cua ngudi Nam Bd. Va vdi dac thil frong ldi an, nep d ciia ngudi Nam Bd thi van phong trong cac tac pham van hgc d Nam Bd kbong the nao khac.
Vdi nhimg ddng gdp ciia Ca Van Thinh, ngay nay khi lat gid nhiing trang sach vilt vl van hgc Nam Bd, ngudi ta thudng nhic din Ca Van Thinh nhu ngudi cd cdng dau trong qua trinh dung lai van hgc sir Nam Bd. Ngoai ra, ta cdn thay day dd nhilu bai nghien ciiu, hdi ki ciia cac nha each mang, nha van Nam Bg nhic din dng nhu mdt ngudi thiy cao quy, mgt tim guong cin min ttong nghien cim khoa hgc.
Vay la bang nhiing nd luc cua minh, Ca Van Thinh da thuc hien dugc y nguyen: "Ke hau hgc nay mai lo dai tdi "cai vua thoc van hgc" it 61 nay khdng dii cung cip thirc an tinh thin cho ca giong ndi ducmg khao khat, nen rang siic mgn di mdt hmg hot, lugm ttrng bdng d tan rudng bien, rudng cheo ciia dat Luc tinh nay" trich Minh bdt dt ngu - mgt quyin sdch, hai thi xd (Ngac Xuyen, 1943 a).
Tai lieu tham khao
Bao Dinh Giang (1977) Tha vdn yeu nudc Nam Bo (nira sau the kyXlXJ. Nxb Van hpc Bao Dinh Giang (2001). Nhung ngdi sao sdng tren
bdu trdi vdn hoc Nam Bd mia sau the k}' XIX Tp. H6 Chi Minh, Nxb Tre.
Nhieu tac gia (2016), Nhimg vdn de van hgc vd ngon ngir Nam Bg, Nxb Dai hpc Quoc gia Tp H6 Chi Minh
Nguyen Loc va Hoang Huu Yen (1962). Vdn hoc VietNam thi ky XVI 11 din nira ddu thi ky XIX.
Nxb Giao due
Huynh Ly va cpng su (1964). Sa khdo lich su vdn hoc VietNam- Giai doan nua cudi the ky XIK.
Nxb Van hoc.
Ca Van Thinh (1972). Truyen thong qu|t cuong ciia Nam Bp va Viet Nam vdi tinh than dau tranh ciia Nguyin Dinh Chieu. Tap chi Nghien cim Vdn hgc. So 4.
Ca Van Thinh (1975). Gdpyve hai tdp lich sir van hgc Viet Nam. Ban thao do gia dinh cung cip.
Ca Van Thinh (1976 a). Nguyen Hiru Huan than thi vd urnghiep. Ky yeu Vien KHXH Miln Nam.
Ca Van Thinh (1976 b), Su nghiep cua Thii Khoa Huan la mot bai ca chinh khi, Bao Van nghe Tp HCM. 86 608.
Ca Van Thinh va Bao Djnh Giang (1976). Tha van yeu nudc Nam Eg niru cudi thi ky XIX Nxb Van hoc Giai phong.
Ca Van Thinh (1978), Nhd hai nha giao Vo Tnrong Toan va Nguyen Dinh Chilu, Tuin bao Vdn ngh? Tp.HCM, S6 7
Ca Van Thinh va cpng sir (1982). Nguyin Dinh Chieu todn tap (2 tap). Nxb Dai Hpc va Trung hoc chuyen nghiep.
Ca Van Thinh (1983). Hdo khi Dong Nai Nxb Tp. HCM.
Ca Van Thinh (1987). Xdy dimg con ngudi mai lir tudi tha. Nxb Tp. H6 Chi Minh Ca Van Thinh (2015). Cd Van Thinh tdng hap. f^xh
Ting hgp Tp. H6 Chi Minh.
Ca Van Thinh (2016). Nam Bo ddt vd ngudi, Nxb Tre Tp H6 Chi Minh.
Ca Van Thinh NguySn Dinh Chiiu cudc ddi vd su nghiep. Ban thao (a) do gia dinh cung cap.
Ca Van Thinh. Nguyen Dinh Chiiu nhd tha chiin ddu vi nghia cd. Ban thao (b) do gia dinh cung cap, Ca Van Thinh. Niem ma udc cua Nguyin Dinh Chieu ve
mat xa hoi cdng bdng bdc di dang thdnh hien thuc trong chu nghia xa hgi ngdy nay. Ban thao (c) do gia dinh cung cap.
TAP CHf KHOA HOC PAI HpC V A N HIEN TAPS 30 3
Ca Van Thinh. Phong trdo ddu tranh luc tinh trong Le Tri Vien (1976). Lich suvdn hpc Viel Nam (Tap that gian ddu xdm Iuac cua Phdp. Ban thao 4b) Nxb Giao due.
(d) do gia dinh cung c i p . Ngac Xuyen (1962). Cau chuyen yem quy. Tap chi Ca Van Thinh. Thu Khoa Huan. Ban thao (e) do gia Nghien cdu Vdn hgc, So 4,
dinh cung c i p . Ngac Xuyen (1943 a). Minh bpt di ngu - Mpt quyen Ca Van Thinh, Tim hiiu Idng dao aia Nguyin Dinh sach hai thi xa. Dgi Viel Tdp chi. So 12.
Chieu, Ban thao (0 do gia dinh cung cip, Ngac Xuyen (1943 b). Khong hpc o dat Dong Nai Ca Van Thinh. Khd ndng vd long dao cita Nguyen Dgi Vi^t Tap chi. So 22, 23.
Dinh Chiiu Ban thao (g) do gia dinh cung cip. Ngac Xuyen (1975), Y nghi ve van hpc su Nam Bp Ca Van Thinh. Nhgt ky {\1 tap), thu biit (f) do gia va m6i quan he Bac Nam. Tap chi Nghien ciru
dinh cung cap Vdn hoc, So 3.
