THANH TICH NGHIEN CUU DANH GIA TAG DONG MOI TRlTONG
Nguven Xuan Tang, Vu Thj Kim Tuyen, Nguyen Van Binh, Phan Van Tru-oTig, Ta Van Hanh
Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu, Vien Khoa bgc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam 18 Hoang Quic Viet, quan Ciu Giiy, Ha Ndi; Email: [email protected]
Tom tat. Bdi viet nay trinh bay tong hap nhung ket qud dat duac trong ITnh vuc dieu tra, ddnh gid, tu vdn thanh lap Bdo cdo ddnh gid tdc dong mdi trudvg cdc du dn ddu tu trong nude, cimg nhu cdng tdc khao sdl, dieu tra, lap bdo cdo ddnh gid tdc dong mdi trudng - xa hdi, Ke hogch qudn ly mdi trudng vd Ke hogch di ddn tdi dinh cu lien quan den mot sd du dn thiiy dien do Viet Nam ddu tuxdy dung a Lao.
GIOI THIEU
Trong nhirng nam gan day, sd lugng cac du an phat trien trong ITnh vuc cdng nghiep gia tang dot bien va song song vdi nd la cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng ciing dugc chii y hon, dac biet la sau khi Quoc Hdi thdng qua va Chii tjcb nude ky sac lenh cdng bd Euat Bao ve Moi trudng sua ddi (nam 2005). Danli gia tac ddng mdi trudng (DTM) la cdng cu bun hieu nhat trg giiip cho cac nha dau tu thuc hien bdn phan bao ve mdi trudng.
Phan vien Khoang san, Mdi trudng va Vat lieu Polyme (KSMT&VLP) tbugc Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu tir nhieu nam nam nay da la dia chi dang tin cay ciia nhieu doanh nghiep (DN) trong viec tu van nghien ciru danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng ddi vdi cac du an phat trien d trong nude ciing nhu mot sd du an thiiy dien do cac DN Viet Nam dau tu va trien kliai d Nude CHDCND Eao.
Bai viet nay phan anh ket qua nghien ciru danh gia tac dgng mdi trudng ddi vdi cac du an dau tu trong nude va d Nude CHDCND Eao do Phan vien KSMT&VLP thuc hien tir nam 2003 den nay.
KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU
1. Nghien ciiu danh gia tac dong moi truong cac dy an trong nuoc.
Trong 5 nam gan day, KSMT&VEP da nghien ciru tac dgng mdi trudng va tu vin lap bao cao DTM cho 12 du an phat trien tbugc nhilu ITnh vuc san xuit nhu thdng ke irono bane 1.
Tuyen tap bao cao ky niem 15 nam thanh lap Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu - Ha Noi, 6/2008
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Bdng 1: Tong hap cdc bdo cdo
Ten du' an dau tu'
Nha may luyen gang Hda Phat tai Hung Yen
Khai thac che bien quang Crdmit My Cai tai Thanh Hda
Du an san xuat Thep Thai Son Nha may che bien tro bay nhiet dien tai Pha Eai - Hai Duong
Nha may Xi mang Hda Phat - Ha Nam tai Ha Nam
Khai thac va che bien md dat hiem Ddng Pao tai Eai Chau
Du an md rgng cang Dinh Vu, Hai Phdng
Du an nang cap va md rgng Benh vien Viet Tiep, Hai Phdng
Du an khai thac che bien quang Antimon Eeo A tinh Ha Giang Khu lien hgp gang thep Hda Phat tai Hai Duong
Nha may che bien nude giai khat TRIBICO Miln Bie tai Hung Yen Nha may che bien quang sat tai Via Quang, EI a ITnh
DTM dii dugc thuc hien trong nude Chii dau tu'
Tap doan I Ida Phat Cdng ty Kim loai mau Thai Nguyen
Cdng ty Thep Thai Son Cty CP CN&DV
Cao Cudng Tap doan Hda Phat
Cdng ty Phat trien Khoang san III Cdng ty djch vu
dau khi
Benh vien Viet Tiep
Cdng ty Khoang san Flii Giang Tap doan Hda Phat Cdng ty TRIBICO
Sai Gdn Cdng ty TNHH
Sat Vii Quang
Cap tham dinh DTM S d T N & M T Hung Yen Sd TN&MT
Thanh Hda Sd TN&MT
Hai Phdng Sd TN&MT
Hai Duong Sd TN&MT
Ha Nam Bd TN&MT Sd TN&MT Hai Phdng Sd TN&MT
Hai Phdng Sd TN&MT
Hit Giang Bd TN&MT
Sd TN&MT Hung Yen Sd TN&MT
HaTTnh
Nam thuc hien 2003 2004 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 Tir being tong hgp neu tren ed mot sd nhan xet, danh gia nhu sau:
- Cac du an phat trien tbugc nhieu ITnh vuc san xuat nhu khai thac, che bien khoang san, san xuat sat thep, xi mang,... nhung tap trung nhat lit ITnh vuc khai thac, che biln va sir dung tai nguyen khoang san.
- Cac bao cao DTM neu tren dugc hoan thanh vdi chat lugng chuyen mdn cao va da dugc cac cap quan ly d Trung uong va dja phuong tham dinh va phe duyet.
- Vice nghien cii'u DTM cac du an dau tu trong nhieu ITnh vuc khac nhau da gop phin nang cao ky nang ciia can bg khoa bgc va uy tin ciia Phan vien trong ITnh vuc nghien ciru vii danh gia tac ddng moi trirdng.
2. Nghien ciru danh gia tac dong moi truong ciic dy an thuy dien tai Lao.
CHDCND Eao dugc xem la quoc gia co tiem nang thiiy dien Idn nhat viing Ddng Nam A vdi nhirng uu the ve mat do mang sdng suoi cao, da dang va vi tri dia ly nam d
trung tam cua 5 nude dang phat trien, co nhu cau Idn vl nang lugng la Viet Nam, "I Qudc, Myanma. Thai Ean va Campuchia.
Den nay, Chinb phii Eao va Viet Nam da ky bien ban ghi nhd den nam 2020 di DN Viet Nam dugc dau tu xay dung theo hinh thirc BOT (xay dung, kliai thac va chii giao) tren 30 nha may thiiy dien tai Eao vdi tdng cdng suat tren 5.000MW.
Cdng ty Cd phin Dien Viet Eao (VEPC) la DN Viet Nam di tien phong tto'l diu tu cac dtj an thiiy dien tai Eao. Hien tai, VEPC da khdi cdng xay dung 2 rihC thiiy dien Xekaman 3, Xekaman I va dang nghien ciin lap bao cao diu tu du an thiiy•<
Xekaman 4 luu vuc sdng Xekaman (XO^) thude 2 tinh Sekong va Attapeu d Nam' Ngoai ra, Cdng ty cung da ky bien ban ghi nhd nghien ciru xay dung mot so iih^
thiiy dien khac d Nam Eao va Bac Eao.
Tir nam 2003 din nay, Phan vien KSMT&VEP da hgp tac vdi VEPC trong nghien ciru danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng va xa hdi (DTM&XH) cac dy an thuy di^
Cdng ty lam chu dau tu tren lanh tho Eao nhu neu trong Bang 2.
Cac cdng trinh nghien ciru ve tac ddng mdi trudng va xa hdi ddi vdi cac du aft dien tai Eao da dugc Uy ban Tai nguyen nude va Mdi trudng (UB TNN&MT), thuan va eip giay chirng nban - mot trong nhirng can cir khdng the thieu de Chinh|
Eao eip phep dau tu xay dung nha may. ijjrf Bdng 2: Tong hap cdc nghien ciiu DTM&XH cdc dir dn thiiy dien tai Lao . '
TT Danh muc bao cao DTM&XH
Ten dy an va noi thuc hien
Cap tham dinh DTM&XH
Nai
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Bao cao DTM&XH
K I hoach quan ly MT&XH
Du an thiiy dien XKM3 tai tinh Sekong - Lao Bao eao DTM chi tiet
Bao cao tac ddng xa hdi chi tiet Ke hoach quan ly mdi trirdng Ke hoach di dan - tai dinh cu
Du an thiiy dien XKMl-XKM 'Xanxay tai tinh Attapeu - Eao
Uy ban Tai nguyen nude va
Mdi trudng tbugc Van phdng Phil Tbii
tudng
2007- 2008'
Bao cao DTM&XH chi tiet Ke hoach quan ly MT&XH
Du an thiiy dien XKM4 tai tinh Sekong - Lao
Vdi be day kinh nghiem nghien cuu tac dgng mdi trudng va xa hdi ddi vdi cac d\i an|
thiiy dien trien khai tren lanh thd Eao, cd the neu mot sd dac dilm nghien ciru tac dOnS|
mdi trudna va xa hdi nhu sau: ,• "^
- Theo qu\- dinh ciia Chinh phii Eao. cac du an thiiy dien ed cdng suat tren 50 MV|,|
deu phai nghien ciru danh gia tac dgng moi trudng va xa hdi (DFM&XII) chi tiet triluii Chinh phii phe duyet va cap giay chiing nhan. Nhin chung. cac dir an thiiy dien do vl?
Nam dau tu deu cd cdng suat tren 50 MW. nen phai tien hanh nghien ciru Dl M&XH^
mire dd chi tiet.
Tuyen tap bao cao ky niem 15 nam thanh lap Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu - Ha Noi, 6/2008 - Theo quy dinh ciia Euat Bao ve Mdi trirdng nam 1999. Nghi dinh sd 192/PM ve den bit vii tai dinh cu va cac van ban khac cd lien quan ciia Lao, tiiy tbugc vao quy md va mire do phirc tap eiia du an, hd so DTM&XFI bao gdm:
+ Bcio cao diinh gia tac ddng mdi trudng chi tiet;
+ Bao cao danh gia tac ddng xa hdi chi tiet;
-I- Ke hoach quan ly mdi trudng;
+ Ke hoach di dan - tai dinh cu.
- Do cac du an thiiy dien tai Eao thudng nam d virng niii cao, co sd ha tang chua phat trien, phan bd dan cu thua thdt, nen cdng tac khao sat dieu tra hien trudng gap rat nhieu khd khan. Them vao dd, theo quy dinh ciia Eao, ngoai viec danh gia nhirng tac dgng ciia du an den eae thanh phan mdi trirdng tu nhien (vat ly - sinh hgc), thi phia ban rat quan tam dt;n tac ddng ve mat xa bdi va nhung Igi ich ve kinh te - xa hoi ma du an mang lai cho ngudi dan trong viing dy an.
- Viec cdng khai hda va sy tham gia ciia cdng ddng vao quy trinh dtinh gia tac dgng moi trudng va xa hdi la dieu bet sire can thiet va can quan tam ciia nhit dau tu.
- Ngoai viec nghien ciru va lap bao cao danh gia tac ddng moi trirdng vii xa hdi, tbi vice lap Ke hoach quan ly mdi trudng va xa bdi, Ke hoach di dim tai dinh cu vii cong tac kiem tra, kiem soat mdi trudng la nhirng noi dung bat budc ddi vdi quy trinh danh gia tac dgng mdi trucyng va xa hdi ciia cac du an dau tu ndi chung va du an thiiy dien ndi rieng.
Mot sd hinh anh ve dieu tra, danh gia mdi trudng eiia mot sd dy an dau tu trinh bay d binh 1,2.
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Hinh 1: Do cac thong so moi trudng ngoai thuc dia
Hinh 2. Kiem tra thuc dja ciing vdi chuyen gia Lao
KET LUAN
Nghien ciru. danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng va xa hdi la hudng nghien ciru irng dung triln khai, the manh eiia Phan vien Khoang san, Mdi trudng va Vat lieu Polyme.
Trong nhieu nam qua, tap the cac nha khoa hgc ciia Phan vien da nghien ciru danh gia tac dgng mdi trudng va xa hdi cho nhieu dy an phat trien d trong nude cung nhu d nude ngoai thude nhieu ITnh vyc khac nhau, gdp phan tich eye vao viec phat trien san xuat ben virng va bao ve mdi trudng.
Nghien ciin tac ddng mdi trudng va xa hdi cua cac dy an thiiy dien tai CHDCND Eao la van de mdi va cd nhieu dac tbii. Tuy nhien, trong nhieu nam qua do da tich liiy dugc mot sd kinh nghiem nghien ciru ddi vdi mot sd dy an Idn, nen chac chan Phan vien KSMT&VLP se phoi hgp chat che vdi cac don vi khac trong va ngoai Vien Khoa hoc Vat lieu thuc bien tdt nhirng nhiem vu cd quy md Idn ban.
Loi cam OTI: Cac cdng trinh nghien ciru, danh gia tac ddng mdi trudng cac dy an dau tu d trong nude cung nhu d nude ngoai dugc hoan thanh vdi ngudn kinh phi tii' cac hgp dong tu van ky vdi Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu. Cac tac gia xin chan thanh cam on cac Chii dau tu da tin tudng giao nhiem vu va Lanh dao Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu da ddng vien, tao dieu kien thuan Igi trong qua trinh trien khai, thyc hien.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
I. Cac bao cao danh gia tac dgng moi trudng cac du an diu tu do Phan vien KSMT&VLP tir vdn thanh lap tir nam 2003 - 2008.
Tuyen tap bao cao ky niem 15 nam thanh lap Vien Khoa hgc Vat lieu - Ha Noi. 6/2008 2. Cac Bao cao danh gia tac dong moi trirdng, Bao cao danh gia tac dgng xa hoi, Ke hoach
quan ly mdi trudng, Ke hoach di dan tai dinh cu Du an thuy dien XKMl, XKM3 tai CHDCND Lao.
3. Cac bao cao tong ket hang nam (2003 - 2007) hoat dgng khoa hoc cong nghe va trien khai irng dung ciia Phan vien Khoang san, Moi trudng va Vat lieu Polyme.
