TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI s i 4 (260) 2020
AP DUNG QUAN D I 6 M NGON NGU HOC TRI NHAN VA B 6 N G V! TRONG DAY VA HOC GIOI TU
TI^NG ANH CHO NGUOI VIET NAM
BUI PHU HU'NG' NGUYEN NHAT QUANG"
Gidi tir tieng Anh li mot tir loai phirc tap ve ngu- nghTa. chue nang vi cau true.
Bii viet nay phin tich die diem cua gidi tir tieng Anh de tim ra cic nguyen nhin khien ngudi hpc tieng Anh, cp the la ngudi hpc Viet Nam, gip nhidu khd khin.
Bai viet nay cung phin tich vi gi&i thipu phuang phip day vi hpc gi&i tir tiing Anh thee quan diem ngon ngu- hpc tri nhin vi ddng vj. Nhu'ng phin tich niy che thay rang vide day gidi tu- tieng Anh theo quan diem ngdn ngu- hpc tri nhin va ddng vj cd Igi che ngw&i hoc tieng Anh nhw li mdt ngoai ngtr; ddng thdi bii viet de xuat met sd giai phip cho day va hpc gi&i tir tieng Anh theo quan diem niy.
Tir khda: gidi tu, ngdn ngu hpc tri nhan, cgm dong vj, chieu xp mien y nipm. I n dg y nipm
Nhin bii ngiy: 11/12/2019; dwa vie bien tip: 18/12/2019; phan bien: 25/1/2020;
duyet dang: 15/3/2020
1. D A N NHAP Nhilu quyIn sach ve hpc tilng Anh va Gidi t u la mdt trong nhCrng t u lopi =4= ^^ '^i " 9 * 1 ' ^ " cuu phan tich vipe phue tap ve ngu nghTa thudng gay su' dgng gidi t u tilng Anh eho thIy kho h i l u eho ngudi hoc tilng Anh nhu " g " " ^ ' ^pc tilng Anh thudng mac ngdn ngu' thy hai hoae nhy mot ngoai "'^^'"a ^ i "*^^: '"'9'= " d gidi tiJ', s u ngu' bdi dac d i l m da dang v l hlnh ="''"9 9 ™ » khdng dung nghTa va su thai va ngu nghTa khlln chOng r l t khd ' ' ^ " 9 gidi t u khi khong can thiet . . , . „ , , , ,, . , „ j i j „ (Jimenez-Catalan, 1996; Moore, 2007;
phan loai (Tyler, Mueller and Ho, *
^^.4> r^'- u- • I- u- 1 " iis„ Phooeharoensil, 2011; Bozdag, 2015;
2011). Dang chu y la nhung loi lien
' , . . . . ' . ,. . . , - , . Sudhakaran, 2015; Suzanne, 2 0 1 7 . quan den giai t u thugng lap dl lap lai „.. .i , . . . ,. ,.x ... ' Bai Viet phan tich dac diem gigi t u va khd sCra (Khampang, 1974; Fang
2000; Sudhakaran, 2015; Bui, 2017). tieng Anh va nguyen nhan ngudi Vipt Nam gap nhilu khd khan khi hpc; t u dd tim ra giai phap eho vipe dpy va , , , , . , hoe gidi tif tilng Anh thdng qua each Tnfdng Bpi hoc van Hien. ; =" , " ., ~^
- Trudng Dpi hoc Su phpm Thanh phi H i t'^P can t u quan diem ngon ngy hpc Chl Minh. tri nhan va ngu ddng v i
44 BUI PHtJ HLTNG - NGUYEN NHAT QUANG - M' DUNU U U > M - " " —
2. DAC OI^M GI01 TLf TRONG n ^ N G ANH
Phan tich dac d i l m cua gidi tir tilng Anh eho thIy tif topi nay ed nhieu dae diem phirc tap. Dae d i l m d l u tien la gidi tu' tilng Anh da nghTa. NghTa cua gidi tif tilng Anh duge xae djnh tiiy theo van canh. VI dg sau cua Bozdag (2015) minh hga tinh da nghTa cua gidi tir tilng Anh:
(1) Is the movie ever yet? (Bd phim da kit thuc chua?)
(2) It was over a hundred year ago.
(Nd da la han 100 nam trudc day.) (3) They are having an argument over their shares. (Hg dang cai nhau v4 phln chia tai san.)
D i l u nay lam ngudi hgc khd xae djnh nghTa eua gidi tif de sif dgng chung mpt each phu hgp.
Thir hai, tilng Anh ed mpt lugng r l t Idn gidi tif ma d i n nay cac nha nghien cuu v l n edn tranh cai ve each thing ke ehiing (Collins and Hollo, 2010; Ly Toan Thing, 2009). T h i n g ke sg bg, tieng Anh ed tren mpt tram gidi tif. Tif d i l n Dictionary of Preposition for Students of English ciia Hall (1982) thing ke ed 115 gidi tif, trong khi quyIn Collins Cobuild English Guides: Prepositions thing ke ed t i m 124 gidi tif (Sinclair, 1990).
Day la mpt tif lopi chiem s i lugng kha Idn va duge sir dgng kha pho b i l n trong tilng Anh. Phan tich chire nang eung eho t h I y gidi tif cd the duge sip dyng nhu la nhtfng tif lopi khac trong t i l n g Anh tuy theo van
canh (Jackson, 1998: 24-27). Theo dd, gidi tif ed the duge sif dgng nhu trpng tif hay lien tif trong cac vl dg (1) I will go to the party afterdass.
(2) I will go to the party after 1 finish the class.
(3) 1 will go shopping with my family on Friday evening.
(4) Please, come on\
(Jackson, 1998) So sanh vl dg (1) va (2) cho thay chirc nang ciia tif "after" sir dung khac nhau.
Trong vi dg (1), "after" la mpt gidi tif, trong khi vl dg (2) eho thIy "after" \i mpt lien tif. So sanh vi dg (3) va (4) cung cho thIy tif "on'trong vl du (3) la mpt gidi tif, trong khi tu "en" trong vi dg (4) la mpt trpng tif vl khong cd tiie tif dirng sau. Vipe mpt tif cd nhilu chirc nang ngu phap tiiy theo van canh cung lam cho ngudi hoc tilng Anh gap nhilu khd khan trong vlpc tilp thu, hp thing va xae djnh each sit dgng gidi tif eho phii hgp.
Thir ba, qua so sanh tieng Anh va tilng Vipt thi vipe sir dung cac gidi tif trong mpt s i trudng hgp la khac nhau tijy theo van canh. VI du, trong tieng Vipt, ngudi tp n i l "Con chim dau tren ciy"; thi tieng Anh la 'The bird is in the tree", nhung khdng co nghTa "tren' trong tilng Vipt la "/n" trong tilng Anh.
Hay mpt cau khac 'Co ba qua tao tren bin" cd the dygc dien dat b l n g eau
"There are three apples en the table."
Nhu vay, d 2 vl du tren eho thIy gidi tu -tren" trong tilng Viet ed the tuang duang vdi tu- 'in', "on" trong tieng Anh
TAP CHl KHQA HOC XA HQI so 4 (260) 2020 tiiy theo van canh. Nhung vl du nay cho t h I y r l t khd de luan tif Blng Vipt sang t i l n g Anh ve gidi tu' do cd nhu'ng hipn tygng b i l n d l i ve nghTa ciia gidi tir trong tieng Viet khdng x u l t hipn trong tilng Anh va nguge lai (Ke, 2019; Nguyen Hoang Phugng, 2010;
Ly Toan T h i n g , 2019). Hay n i l each khac, viee chuyen nglf ciia gidi t y tieng Viet va tilng Anh se gap nhung hipn tygng khong tugng d i n g v l ngCr nghTa.
cac phan tich tren eho thIy gidi tif tilng Anh cd nhieu dac d i l m phirc tap gay khd khan cho nhu'ng ngudi hpc tilng Anh nhu mgt ngoai ngtf, eg t h i la ngudi Vipt Nam, nhu (1) trong ngD' cSnh khac nhau se ed nghTa khac nhau, (2) so lugng gidi tif tilng Anh kha Idn nen khd eho viec phan lopi trong nghien cCru tim dae diem chung d l hpc tap, va (3) tieng Anh va tilng Vipt trong mdt so trudng hgp ed each diing gidi tif khac nhau trong ciing van canh.
Nhung dae diem nay khiln ngudi hgc tilng Anh thudng mac 111 diing thifa, thilu gidi tif hope diing gidi tif khdng phii hgp.
3. G I A N G DAY G i a i TU' TieNG ANH THEO QUAN D\tM TRUYEN T H 6 N G Phyang phap day truyen thing xem gidi tif la mdt pham trii ngCr phap.
Ngudi hpc duge giao vien hudng d i n ve each sir dung gidi tif theo van canh hay tinh h u l n g .
Cd nghien cuu eho t h I y sinh vien hoe theo phuang phap nay khong t y tin trong sir dung gidi tif va khong ghi
nhd bai hge duge iau vi chi hpc eae gidi tif rdi rae, khdng hp thing khong hieu sau nghia cua gidi tif. Mdt s i each day va hpe gidi tif truyen thing eho thIy ngudi dpy va ngudi hpc thudng diing tranh anh, cho vi dg minh hpa va djch nghTa gidi t u tieng Anh sang Vipt (Hung, 2017, Tyler, Mueller, & Ho, 2011), va ngudi hgc eung phpn dnh r i n g day la nhirng ky thuat day gidi tu' pho biln d Vipt Nam (Hung, Truong and Nguyen, 2018).
Tuy nhien, nhu'ng ky thupt dpy hgc nay khdng tao moi lien k i t ngif nghTa ciia gidi tif (Boers, 2000; Boers, 2013;
Brown, 2003; Hung, 2019).
Tai Viet Nam, phugng phap day tu' vyng ndi chung va gidi tif n l i rieng theo each truyen thing v l n edn r l t p h i biln. Theo Nguyin Difc Long (2015), mgt trong nhifng v l n d l Idn nhlt doi vdi viee hpc tir vyng tpi Vi$t Nam la nhilu giao vien dgn thuan difng Ipi d muc eho hgc vien hgc vpt tif dgn le bang each djch sang tieng me de. Phai thifa nhan, viee bj bupc tilp nhan lugng tif vyng qua nhilu va thilu thyc hanh da va dang gay nhilu kho khan eho sinh vien Vipt Nam (Hoang Thj Thu Hoai, 2018).
Nhy vay d l giup sinh vien k h l c sau kiln thire va t y tin han trong sif dgng gidi tu' thi vlpc tim hilu nghTa eua gidi tif mpt each ed he thong va ly giai tai sao gidi t u duge sif dgng trong nhu'ng van canh eg the la cd y nghTa (Jha, 1991; Jimenez-Catalan, 1996; Cho, 2010; Kofn, 2014; Pol, Mercer and Volman, 2019).
BUI PHtj HtJNG - NGUYEN NHAT QUANG - AP DUNG Q U ^ N B i g ^ 4. DAY GlCn TCT T I E N G ANH THEO
QUAN D l t M NGON N G O HOC TRI NH/jkN
Ngon ngu" hgc tri nhan dya tren m i l quan he giOa ngdn ngu va t u duy cua con ngudi. Theo dd, ngon ngu khdng mang tinh dge lap ma t h i hien t u duy ciJa ngudi s u dgng hoae quan d i l m ciia dan tge sir dgng ngdn ngCr l y . S y ra ddi eua ngdn ngu hgc tri nhan da lam n I n tang eho nhilu nghiSn cuu ngdn ngO' va phugng phap day ngopi ngy (Langaeker, 2001). Kha nhilu nghiSn ciru g i n day da irng dgng ngon ngtf hgc tri nhan vao dpy gidi tif va cho ra nhieu k i t qua kha quan.
Tyler, Mueller va Ho (2011) da thyc hi$n nghian ciru can thyc nghipm irng dgng qgan diem gian d l hinh anh (Image schemes) vao day gidi tif to, for va at eho sinh vidn ngudi Tay Ban Nha. K i t qua cho thIy nhom sinh vien duge dpy theo quan diem ngdn ngif hgc tri nhan dpt k i t qua vugt trdi hgn nhdm sinh vien duge day theo phuang phap truyin thing, mac dii hai nhdm nay dygc k i l m tra la ed ciing trinh do tryde khi nghien eirg. Song, Schnotz va Jgehem-Gmndman (2015) eung thyc hipn d l tai can thyc nghiem day gidi tif in, on va at cho eae sinh vien ngudi
. ,,3 yng ''^'"9 Dire. Nghien ciru nay aa ^^^^,^
gian d l hlnh anh, qgah « * ' " ^ „ „ a i n vung nghTa • ^ " ^ S ' " ' " Jgp hlnh Mapping), v a m d h i n h tich h.P anh va ngdn ngi. (integrated T^'^^.a, Pieture Comprehens.n). T ^^^
d i l m eua ngdn ngy hpc t r - ngudi hlnh thanh nghia k cn9 g eOa gidi , u qua tilp x"^ '™ 3 / , "
sing hing ngay va con 9 - ^^-^^^
sd dgng gidi tu da tich luy a , r u u t u g n g ( h a y c o n g p i l a h g h , a a n dg). N61 each khac, g'Oitr d y g e eh y i n ty vung nghTa khong gian san vung nghTa I n ''M- Nhu vpy^
nghia khang gian duge hmh thanh trudc nghTa I n du cOa gidi t u . Hinh 1 e h o t h l y e a c g i d i t i f / a o n v a a f d y g c sir dgng d l chi khong gian, vi tn va sau do dygc chuyen sang vung nghTa I n du. Vipe cac gidi tif chuyen tif vung ngu nghTa nay sang vii^ng ngu' nghTa khac duge ggi la chuyen viing ngtr nghTa ciia gidi tU'.
Bai kiem tra sau nghien eu'u cua Song, Schnotz va Juchem-Gmndman (2015) cung eho thIy nhom sinh vien hpe theo quan diem ngdn ngu' hpe tri nhan CO kit qua cao han nhdm sinh vien hpc theo phygng phap truyin thong, mac dii bai kiem tra tryde nghien ciru Hinh 1. NghTa gidi tif qua chieu x? mien y niem
Spatial domain (VCing nghTa khdng gian) There are toys in the box.
There are three apples on the table Jane is now at home.
Chuyen djch Chuyen dich Chuyen dich
Abstract domain (Vung nghTa tripu tugng) You v^ill be in my heart forever.
I do not depend on my family.
Jane is good at math.
Nguon: Geeraerts and Cuyckens, 2007.
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI s i 4 (260) 2020 eho thIy hai nhdm sinh vien nay eiing trinh dp.
Hung, Vien and Vu (2019) thuc hien d l tai nghien eifu can thuc nghiem irng dgng gian d l hinh anh, quan d i l m chieu xa m l l n y niem, va quan d i l m I n dg y niem vao day 10 gidi tir:
above, among, at. behind, beside, between, in. in front of. on. va under cho sinh vidn nam nhlt ngudi Viet Nam. Nghien ciru keo dai 4 tuan: hai tuln dau, sinh vien hpc nghTa khong gian va hai tuan sau sinh vien hpe nghTa I n dg. Dau tien nha nghien ciru tiln hanh giang day nghTa ciia cae gidi tif trcng khdng gian qua mo hlnh hai chilu va ba chilu. Vi dg vdi tir "in", sinh vien se duge t i l n hanh tri nhan (Hinh 2). Gian do hinh anh g i m hai phln chinh la d l i tugng e I n d i l n dpt (TR) va doi tugng so sanh (LM). Sau khi sinh vien hinh dung duge vj tri trong khdng gian ciia gidi tif "in", nhdm nghien ciru se t i l n hanh giang dpy cae cgm tir an du vdi "in" vl dg "in my heart", "in my mind". Khac vdi cac nghien eifg tryde day ehi bao gom vi$c ghi nhd va hieu cae gidi tif, quy trinh lap day eua Hung, Vien va Vu (2019) CO them bai tap ren luyen ky nang ndi va vilt, bao gom viet cau sir Hlnh 2. Gian d l hlnh anh gidi tir in
Gian d i hinh anh 2 chieu Gian do hinh anh 3 chieu NguIn: Geeraerts and Cuyckens, 2007.
dgng nghTa I n dg cua gidi tif va ndi theo chu d l cae ndi dung cd t h i van dgng gidi tip. K i t qga nghien eirg eho thIy nhdm sinh vien hpe theo phyang phap dya tren quan d i l m ngdn ngif hge tri nhan cd k i t qua hpe tap eao hgn nhdm sinh vien hge theo phugng phap truyen t h i n g . K i t qua tif bang hdi va phdng v l n eung eho thIy sinh vien danh gia phugng phap dpy gidi tif theo quan d i l m ngon ngif hgc tri nhan eao han phugng phap ma cac sinh vien nay duge hpe d p h i thong, cac nghien cuu tren eho thIy irng dgng eae qupn diem ngon ngu* hpc tri nhan vao day gidi tif da lam eho sinh vien hieu va nhd nghTa eua gidi tif t i t hgn phuang phap truyin thing. Tuy nhien, cd mdt d i l u giao vien va nha nghien ciru e I n quan tam la t i t ea doi tugng nghien cipu tren d l u la sinh vien dpi hge da tifng hgc gidi tif tilng Anh d d p p h i thdng. Nghien ciru cua Song, Schnotz va Juchem-Grundman (2015) ed nhan xet ring day hpe theo quan diem ngdn ngti' hgc tri nhan thudng giup sinh vien a trinh dp trung d p va eao d p t i l n b l nhilu hgn sinh vien sa d p vl cae quan diem ngon ngif hpc tri nhan giiip sinh vipn phan tich, he thing Ipi eae kiln thirc da hgc.
Y kiln cua sinh vien cung eho thIy ring, day hoc dua tren quan diem ngdn ngu' hgc tri nhan d l lam cho Idp hge kem sinh dgng. O i l u nay duge giai thich bdi ngon
48 BUI PHU HLfNG - NGUYEN NHAT QUANG - At- dunvj.^ — ngu* hge tri nhdn ehu trgng bai giang
eua giao vien vi giao vien d n truyen thg k i l n thu'c cho sinh vien thong qua bai giang. Han the nifa, vipe dpy ngopi ngCr khong nen tach rdi viee s u dyng ngoai ngu dd. D l i vdi mdi trudng chi SLP dgng tilng Anh nhu mgt ngopi ngu, Idp hgc ed the la ngi duy nhlt ma ngudi hgc cd the su* dgng tieng Anh trong giao tiep. Sau khi giiip eho ngudi hpe hieu gidi tif tilng Anh, giao vien d n cho ngudi hge thyc hanh su dgng.
5. DAY G i d l T I S N G ANH TIT THEO QUAN D I ^ M NGCr D A N G V | (COLLOCATIONS)
Trudc day, Lindstromberg (2010) eho ring ngydi hge se khdng sang tao trong si> dgng ngdn ngO* n l u hgc theo cgm tif. Theo dd, vipe day va hge gidi tif e I n dya tren ngu nghTa d l giiip ngudi hpe sif dgng ngdn ngif linh dgng hgn. Tif quan diem gidi tif thay d l i v l ngd nghTa va tif lopi tiiy theo e l u true va tinh hulng sir dgng (Collins and Hollo, 2010; Halliday and Matthiessen, 2014), nhilu nha nghien cipu ngdn ngu' hpe ipng dgng va phugng phap day tilng Anh eho ring day gidi tip theo qgan d i l m cgm d i n g vj se giiip eho ngudi hgc sir dgng gidi tir chinh xae va hipu qua han (Koosha and Jafarpour, 2006; Mueller, 2011).
Ve mat thyc nghipm. Kemmerer (2005) da thyc hipn nhilu nghien cOu va cho r i n g u'ng dgng quan d i l m ngdn ngif hgc tri nhan vao dpy gidi tif khong phai la phygng phap duy nhlt, ma ehi la mdt trong nhCfng phugng phap hipu qua vl vipe gidi tif chuyen tif viing
ngu nghTa khdng gian sang vung ng nghTa triru tugng cdn tiiy thuic va qua trinh xip ly thong tin cua bp nao ngydi hpc. Nhy vay, mot s i ngydi hpe dpt k i t qua d nghTa khong gian eao han nghTa tripu tugng. Tu trong quan d i l m cua ngdn ngif hoc tn nhan (Hinh 1) eung cho thIy nguoi hgc hinh thanh nghTa khOng gian truge nghTa trifu tugng. Kemmerer (2005) eung eho ring nghTa khong gian va nghTa trifU tugng cua gidi tif eo the duge dpy va hpc d^c lap.
Tif eg sd ly luan va thyc nghipm tren, Koosha va Jafarpour (2006) nghien ciPU thdm 100 hpc vien ngudi Iran trong vipe hpe tif theo cgm tif. Nghien ciru chi ra vlpc hpe nay giup eho ngudi hpe sir dgng ngdn ngy chinh xae va lyu loat hgn. oang luu y hgn, k i t qua cung eho thIy ngudi hge su' dgng cgm tif eo ngu dieu va t y nhien trong giao tilp han la phuang phap dpy tif vyng rieng le. Ly giai tif quan dilm ngon ngy hpe cho thIy cgm dong vj thudng dl chung vdi nhau.
N l u ngydi hge k i t hgp cac tif rieng le Ipl se tao ra sy khIng t y nhien, dae biet trong vipe sir dgng gidi tif. VI du ngydi Vipt Nam thugng ndi "eao chay, xa bay" tuy cum tir nay nghe cd ve phi ly, nhung lai r l t tu nhien. Hay, trong tilng Viet ndi "tren canh dong", "trong trang trai" nhung n l u chuyen sang tilng Anh phai ndi "in the feld", "on the farm" thi cau van mdi m i m mai, t y nhien.
Gidi tif trong tilng Anh eung thudng xuyen xult hien trong ngu* dong vj.
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI s i 4 (260) 2020 Ngif dong vj la cgm tif thudng sir dung chung vdi nhau. Thay vi dpy eae tir nay tach biet nhu each truyen t h i n g , giao vien ed the day ngu' dong vj ehung vdi nhau nhu mgt mac djnh, vi du:
depend on, solution to, on schedule (Mueller, 2011). Cgm dong vj thudng la cgm dgng tif (phrasal verbs), cgm thanh ngu (idiomatic expressions).
Phuang phap nay cho thIy nhieu thuan Igi eho ngudi day va ngudi hpe.
Giao vien khdng phai m I t nhieu thdi gian ehuIn bj. Nghien ciru eung eho thIy s y phat triln ngon ngif cua con ngydi tiiy thupe vao mu'c dp t i l p xuc vdi ngdn ngu' va viae su' dung tif vyng trong cgm tif se gigp ngydi hpc t i l n bO nhanh han la hpe tu' vyng rieng le (Mueller, 2011). Day gidi tif theo quan d i l m ngif d i n g vj cd t h i lam cho ngydi hpc sip dyng ngdn ngu' luu loat, chinh xae va t y nhien hgn.
6. K^T LUAN
cac phan tich tren eho thIy gidi tir tilng Anh la mgt tif loai gay khd khan eho ngudi hge neu khdng cd phuang phap day va hgc phii hgp. Giao vien eIn hieu rd dao diem eua gidi tif tieng Anh va n l m b i t cac phygng phap giang day mdi. Phan tich tren eung eho thay cd the ap dgng cae qgan diem ngdn ngif hpe tri nhan vao day gidi tif. Song song dd, giao vian eo the ifng dgng quan diem ngd d i n g vj vao dpy gidi tif xuat hipn trong cgm dpng to* hoae cgm thanh ngu".
D l tang hipu s u i t eua viec dpy va hgc gidi tif theo quan diem tiep thu gde nhin va thanh tyu cua ngdn ngif hgc
tri nhpn va dong vj, bai v i l t nay d l x u l t mgt s i giai phap vdi sy tham gia tif nhieu phia:
1. Nha bien sopn va nha xult ban cd the ap dgng phuang phap gian d l hinh anh trong vipe bien sopn giao trinh hpe tieng Anh danh eho sinh vien Viet Nam. Vipe xay dyng chyang trinh d n di tif hinh anh t u duy eiJa gidi tif trong khdng gian d i n vipe xay dyng hinh anh I n dg cua gidi tip trong bp de ngudi hge. D i n g thdi, nha bien sopn va nha x u l t ban nen triln khai eae ha thong bai hge da dang va khoa hge d l tang kha nang van dgng giup hgc sinh ghi nhd gidi tif theo cgm.
2. Trydng hge va cac nha giao cd the ap dung cdng nghp thong tin vao bai dpy, tpo ra hinh anh hai chieu, ba chilu n h l m kich thich m i l lien hp tif t y duy khong gian d i n t y duy I n dg eua sinh vien.
3. c a nhan sinh vien Viet Nam khi hpc ngdn ngtf ed the ve ra gian d l hlnh anh, lien tudng nghTa cac cgm tif an du. D i n g thdi tich eye diing phyang phap nay de tang kha nang d y doan, ap dgng chinh xae gidi tif va cae cgm tif an dg cd gidi tif trong viec gipo tilp tilng Anh.
4. Giao vien va hgc sinh d n linh hopt trong viee sif dgng tif dien, tai li$g va sach v g n h l m nang t i n s u i t tilp can ngon ngy theo cgm ed moi lien k i t da chilg hgn la hge gidi tif rieng le. Song song dd, khi giang day, giao vien d n de x g i t cac hoat dgng ndi, viet giiip hgc sinh van dung ca cgm tir trong eag han la ehi tra bai tifng tu' mgt
BUI PHU HLTNG - NGUYEN NHAT QUANt. •
hoae ehi yeu d u hpc sinh dien gidi tif Langaeker (2001) cQng eho i^hg c n vao cac bai tap rieng le. ed nhilu nghien cyu han d l chung 5. V l dai han, nha tnrdng d n tap minh cae quan d i l m trong n g l n n g ^ h u l n chuIn hda giao vien v l phuang t"?c tri nhan. IJ'ng dgng ngdn ng ^^
phap giang day dua tren nhilu quan tri nhan vao dpy ngopi ngu ^^
diem de ed the ap dgng linh hopt trong riggln cam hipng sang tpo va g th^pc te. cipg eho cac nha ngdn ngif hpc. u T A I L I $ U TRiCH D A N
1. Boers, F. 2000. "Enhancing Metaphoric Awareness in Specialized Reading". English forSpec'ifk: Purposes (19), pp. 137-147.
2. Boers, F. 2013. "Cognitive Linguistic Approaches to Teaching Vocabulaiy: Assessment and Integration". Language Teaching (46), 208-224.
3. Boers, F., Rycker, T. and Knop, D. S. 2010. "Fostering Language Teaching Efficiency Though Cognitive Linguistics": Introduction. In S. D. Knope, F. Boers and T. Rycker, Fostering Language Teaching Efficiency Through Cognitive Linguistics. Beriin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 1-27.
4. Bozdag, F.U. 2015. "The Use of Vertically Prepositions in Argumentative Essays of Turidsh EFL Learners". The Second Language in Focus Conference. Cappadoela:
Sabancl Universitesi, pp. 106-120.
5. Brown, A. 2009. "Students' and Teachers' Perceptions of Effective Foreign Languge Teaching: A Comparison of Ideals". The Modem Language Joumal, 93(1), pp. 46-60.
6. Brown, H.D. 2003. Principles of Language Learning arid Teaching. New York, USA:
Longman.
7. Cho, K. 2010. "Fostering the Acquisition of English Prepositions by Japanese Learners With Networi<s and Prototypes", In S. D. Knop, F. Boers and A. D. Rycker, Fostering Language Teaching Efficiency Through Cognitive Linguistics. Beriin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 259-275.
8. Collins, P. and Hollo, C. 2010. English Grammar: An introduction. New York, USA:
Palgrave Macmillan.
9. Fang, A.C. 2000. "A Lexlcalist Approach Qwards the Automatic Determination for the Syntactic Functions of Prepositional Phrases". Natural Language Engineering, pp. 183- 200.
10. Geeraerts, D. and Cuyckens, H. 2007. The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
11. Hall, E.J. 1982. Dictionary of Prepositions for Students of English. New Yor1<:
Minerva Books Ltd.
12. Halliday, M.A. and Matthiessen, M. 1. 2014. Systemic Functional Grammar Oxford:
Routledge.
13. Hoang Thj Thu Hoai. 2018. "NhOng khO khSn trong viec day va hpc td vyng tilng Anh chuySn nganh cho sinh vien chuyen nganh dieu dudng, Trudng Cao ding Y t l
TAP CHl KHQA HQC XA HQI s i 4 (260) 2020
Thai Nguypn va mOt s i giai phap d l xult". Tap chi Khoa hpc vi Cdng ngh$, tr. 129- 134.
14. Hung, B.P., Vien, T. and Vu, N.N. 2018. "Applying Cognitive Linguistics to Teaching English Prepositions: A Quasi-Experimental Study". Intemational Joumal of Instruction, 11(3), pp. 327-346.
15. Hung, B.P. 2019. "A Cognitive Linguistic Approach to Teaching English Idioms to EFL Students: Experimental Results". 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature , 25(2), pp.
113-126.
16. Jackson, H. 1998. Ana/yz/ng £ng//s/l (3"" ed.). New Yortc Prentice Hall.
17. Jha, A.K. 1991. "Errors in the Use of Prepositions by Maithili Learners of English and their Remedies". Tribhuvan University Joumal, pp. 50-57.
18. Jimenez-Catalan, R. M. 1996. "Frequency And Variability In Errors Frequency and Variability in Errors". Miscelinea: A Joumal of English and American Studies, pp. 171-187.
19. Ke, P. 2019. Contrastive Linguistics. Nanjing, Jiangsu: Springer. Vol. 1.
20. Kemmerer, D. 2005. "The Spatial and Temporal Meanings of English Prepositions Can be Independently Impaired". Neuropyschologia, 43(5), pp. 797-806.
21. Khampang, P. 1974. "Thai Difficulties in Using English Prepositions". Language Learning, pp. 215-222.
22. Koffl, E. 2014. Applied English Syntax: Foundations for Word, Phrase, and Sentence Analysis. Iowa: Kendall Hunt Publishing.
23. Koosha, M. and Jafarpour, A. A. 2006. "Data-Driven Learning and Teaching Collocation of Prepositions: The Case of Iranian EFL Adult Learners". Asian EFL Joumal.
8(4), pp. 192-209.
24. Langaeker, R. W. 2001. "Discourse in Cognitive Linguistics". Cognitive Linguistics.
12, pp. 143-188.
25. Lindstromberg, S. 2010. English Prepositions Explained (Revised edition).
Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
26. LJ Toan Thing. 2009. Ngon ngw hgc tri nhan: Tir ly thuyet den thuc tien tidng Viit TPHCM: Nxb. Phuang Dong.
27. Moore, J. 2007. Common Mistakes at lELTS Advanced. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
28. Mueller, C M . 2011. "English Learners' Knowledge of Prepositions: Collocational Knowledge or Knowledge Based on Meaning?" System: An Intemational Joumal of Educational Technology and Applied Linguistics, 39(4), pp. 480-490.
29. Nguyin Dire Long. 2015. "Phuang phap day hoc tu vyng tieng Anh d Viat Nam hiOn nay". Tap chl Khoa hoc Xa hpi Vipt Nam, tr. 98-102.
30. Nguyen Hoang Phuang. 2010. "Chue nang cua gidi tip tilng Vipt xet tren binh dipn ngO phap va ngif nghTa". Tpp chl Khoa hpc Tnfdng Dpi hpc Su phpm TPHCM, tr. 129- 139.
31. Phooeharoensil, S. 2011. "Collocational Errors in EFLLeamers' Interianguage".
Joumal of Education and Practice , pp. 103-120.
52 BUI PHU Hi/NG - NGUYEN NHAT QUANG - AP DUNG QUAN OlEM NGON N G g ^ 32. Pol, J. v., Mercer, N. and Volman, M. 2019. "Scaffolding Student Understanding m Small-Group Worit Students' Uptake of Teacher Support in Subsequent Small-Group Interaction". Joumal of Leaming Sciences, 28(2), pp. 206-239.
33. Sinclair, J. 1990. Collins Cobuild English Guides: Pmposithns . Binnlngham: Collins CQBUILD.
34. Song, Schnotz va Juchem-Gnindman. 2015. "A Cognitive Linguistic Approach to Teaching English Prepositions", In W. Schnotz, A. Kauertz, H. Ludwig, A. Muller and J.
Pretsch. Multidisciplinary Research on Teaching and Leamin. (109-128). New York:
Palgrave Macmillan.
35. Sudhakaran, B. 2015. "Acquisition of English Prepositions among Malaysian Leamers. A Case Study". IntemationalJoumal of English Unguistics, pp. 1-14.
36. Suzanne, N. 2017. "An Analysis of Prepositional Errors: The Case of in, on, and at".
Lingua Didaktika, pp. 13-21.
37. Tyler, A., Mueller, CM. and Ho, V. 2011. "Applying Cognitive Linguistics to Learning the Semantics of English to, for and at: An Experimental Investigation". Vigo International Joumal of Applied Unguistics, pp. 181-205.
