ghi hdMhfihdp. Iudt Sfi 3 (300)-2017
BAO HO QUYEN TAC GUI QUYEN U l N QUAN IRONG HllP DINH DOI YAC XOYtN YHAIDJNH DUUNt
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• ThS. N G U Y S N H U Y H O A N G *
Tdm tdt: Bdo hg quyen sd hint tri tu? Id mgt trong nhitng chu di quan trong trong khuon kho ddm phdn cdc hiep dfnh thuang mgi tg do trong thdi gian gan day, dgc biet Id Hi4p dfnh Doi tdc xuyen Thdi Binh Duang. Ld mgt trong nhiing Hiep dinh thuang mgi the he mai dugc ky kit giua 12 quoc gia. trong do cd nhirng quoc gia phdt triin a trinh dg cao, Hi$p dinh Doi tdc xuyen Thdi Binh Duang da dua ra nhiing tiiu chudn bdo hg khd cao, trong do. dgc bi?l lien quan den bdo hg vd thftc thi quyin tdc gid trong mm trudng so vd internet. Bdi viet ndy so sdnh cdc quy djnh ve bdo hg quyen tdc gid trong Hiep ^i"h Doi tdc xuyen Thdi Binh Duang vd phdp lugt sd hdu iri tui Viet Nam hien hdnh. qua do phdn tich nhiing thach thirc doi vdi viec bdo hg quyen lac gid Igi Vi?l Nam.
Abstract: Protection of Intellectual Property Rights is one ofthe important topics in the framework qf Ihe recent negotiations of free trade agreements, especially the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). As one ofthe new generation trade agreements signed by 12 countries, including highly developed countries, the Trans-Pacific Partnership provides high standards of protection, particularly regarding the protection and enforcement of copyright in the digital environment and the internet. The article makes comparisons wilh respect lo provisions on copyright protection in the Trans-Pacific Parmership and inlelleclual properly law in Vietnam, and through which the author analyzes challenges for copyright protection in
Viel Nam.
1. Cdc hifp irdc ve bdo hp quyln tdc gid vd gid vd quyln lien quan do tdc dgng eua intemet quyen liSn quan trong mdi tnrdng internet cua Mgc dd, Vift Nam chua tham gia hai dilu udc niy, To chde Sd hihi tri tuf The gidi nhung frong tiidi gian qua, phdp lugt sd him tri hi?
Trong ITnh vyc quyen tdc gid vd quyln lien Vipt Nam cimg da dy lipu vd cd nhung sua doi tiiieh quan, Dieu 18.7 Hifp djnh Ddi tde xuyen Thdi Binh hgp. Cy till, dl ddp ung yen eau bdo hg quyen tic Duong (TPP) yeu edu cdc tiidnh vien phdi phe gid frong thdi dgi ky tiiugt sd, khodn 10 Dilu 4 Lu$t chudn hogc gia nhdp Hipp udc ciia Td chuc Sd hihi Sd huu tti tup sua ddi nam 2009 da gidi tiiieh hdnh fri mf The gidi (WIPO) vl quyln tde gid (The vi sao chep la vipc tgo ra mgt hogc nhilu bdn sao WIPO Copyright Treaty - WCT ndm 1996) vd Hipp ciia tdc phdm ho^c bdn ghi dm, ghi hinh bdng bit ky udc ciia WIPO ve cugc biiu dien, ban ghi am (Tlie phuang tifn hay hinh tiiuc ndo, bao gom cd bdn sao WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty dudi hinh tiiuc difn hi. Vdi quy djnh ndy, hdnh vi WPPT). Ddy Id bai dieu udc quoc t l da phuang sao chep tde phdm dugc hilu khdng chi Id vifc tgo nhdm cgp nhdt sy phdt Uien ciia ilnh vyc quyln tdc ra bdn sao dudi hinh tiiuc vgt chat huu hinh, md nd
^fu kdnh phdp ludi Stf 3 (300)-2017
cdn tiie hipn dudi hinh thdc dipn tu.
Dilu 23 Nghi dinh sd 100/2006/ND-CP ngdy 21/9/^006 ciia Chinh jAii quy dinh chi tilt vd
\aiimg ddn tiii hdnh mgt sd dilu cua Bg lugt Dan sg, Lugt Sd hiiu tri mp vl quyen tdc gid vd quyen lien quan (Nghj djnh sd 100/2006/ND-CP) ciing cd nhung quy dinh sua ddi lien quan den vipe bieu dien, sao chep, phan phdi, fruydn dgt tdc phdm de phii hpp vdi vifc bdo bp quyen tdc gid, quydn lien quan frong mdi trudng mtemet.
2. Moi quan hf giiia quyen ciia tdc gia, ngudi biiu dien, nhd sdn \ukt ban ghi am
Dilu 18.58, Dilu 18.59, Dilu 18.60 TPP nhdn mgnh dpc quyen cita tdc gid, ngudi bieu dien, nhd sdn X'-iat bdn ghi am ddi vdi vide cho phep hodc cam sao chep, truyen dgt, phdn phdi tac phdm, cudc bieu dien vd bdn ghi am ciia minh. Theo Dieu 18.61 TPP thi trudng hgp su dyng tdc phdm ed Uong bdn ghi dm edn phai dugc sy cho phep cua ca tac gid, ngudi biiu dien vd nhd sdn xudt bdn ghi dm. Dieu dd cd nghTa id quyen cita cdc chii the ndy lien quan din bdn ghi dm Id ngang nhau, khdng ai dugc uu tien ban ai.
Luat Sd hiiu tri mf nam 2005 ciia Vift Nam chi ghi nhgn cdc quyen dgc lap cua tdc gid (Dieu 20), ngudi bieu dien (Dieu 29), nhd sdn xudt ban ghi am, ghi hinh (Dieu 30). Vi vgy, cd the dan den cdch hieu la khi mpt chit the su dyng ban ghi dm thi ehi cdn sy cho phep cua nhd sdn xudt ban ghi dm, khdng phdi xin phep ngudi bieu diln hay tdc gia. Dteu 33 Lugt Sd hiiu tri tup ndm 2005 quy djnh td chuc. cd nhan su dyng bdn ghi dm, ghi hinh de phdt song; su dyng bdn ghi dm, ghi hinh trong hogt dgng kinh doanh, thucmg mgi thi khdng phdi xin phep nhung phdi trd nhugn but, thii Iao theo thda thuan cho tdc gid, chii sd hiru quyen lac gid, ngudi bieu diln, nha sdn xudt ban ghi dm, ghi hinh. Tuy nhien, quy djnh nay chi dp dung ddi vdi nhiing chu the thudng
xuyen sd dyng ban ghi dm. ghi hinh trong hogl ddng kinh doanh cua hg, khdng dp dyng ddi vdi nhung trudng hgp su (h^g khdc.
Dilu 26 vd Dilu 33 Luat Sd huu tri mf sua ddi nam 2009 quy djnh \ e cdc trudng hgp sd dyng tac phdm, quyen lien quan khdng phdi xin phep nhung piiai trd tien nhugn but, thu lao. Ddy Id ngogi If danh rieng cho itiiiing frudng hpp ma do ddc thu ciia Dnh vuc hogt dgng, nhiing chti the ndy thudng xuyen su dyng tac phdm, bdn ghi am, ghi hmh de phye vy nhu cau giai fri cua cdng chiing nhu: Cac td chuc phdt sdng su dung tdc phdm, bdn ghi de phdt sdng; cdc chu tiie su dyng bdn ghi dm trong hoat dpng kinh doanh, thuong mgi nhu vu tnrdng, nhd hdng, khach sgn, qudn karaoke, cdc trang web nhgc... ¥)k tgo dieu kien thugn Igi eho cdc chu the ndy frong qud trinh su dyng tdc phdm, quyen lien quan, phap Iudt quy dinh hp khdng phdi xm phep tdc gid, chii tiie cua quyen lien quan nhung van phdi frd nhugn biit, thu lao khi su dung. Tuy nhien, van edn niueu y kien khde nhau ve nhimg quy dinh ciia Dilu 33. Cy tiie, theo Dieu 33 thi td chuc, ed nhdn su dyng ban ghi dm, ghi hinh da cdng bd frong cdc trudng h ^ : (i) Nham myc dich tiiuong mai de phdt sdng; (ii) Trong hogt dpng sdn xudt kinh doanh thuang mai tiii khdng phdi xin phep nhung phdi trd tien nhugn but, tbu lao theo thda thuan cho "tdc gid, chu sd huu quyen tdc gia, ngudi bieu dien, nhd sdn xuat ban ghi dm, ghi hinh, td chuc phdt sdng". Vdn de khiic mac d day la ngudi su dyng se phdi trd tien eho tdt ca cdc chii tiie dugc lift ke d ddy hay chi mdt hodc mpt sd chit the?
Theo phap luat sd huu tri mf, thi cd hai logi tdc gid: (i) Tdc gid ddng thdi Id ehii sd huu quyen tdc gia se cd tdt cd cdc quyen ntian than vd quyen tdi sdn ddi vdi tdc phdm; (ii) Tdc gid khdng ddng thdi Id chit sd huu quyen tac gid chi dugc hudng cdc quyen nhdn thdn mypt ddi nhu quyen dgt ten, dung
Ddn chu & Phdp Iudt I
^ftl kdnk fikdfi. ludi Stf 3 (300)-201
ten, bdo vp su todn vpn tdc phdm. Tuong tir nhu vdy, tiieo Dilu 29 Lugt Sd huu tri tuf nam 2005, cd hai logi ngudi biiu didn: (i) Ngudi bieu diln dong thdi Id cbii ddu tu se Id chii sd huu cugc bieu diln vd cd cdc quyln nhdn thdn vd tai sdn ddi vdi c u ^ bieu dien; (ii) Ngudi bieu diln khdng ddng thdi Id chu dau tu thi chi cd cdc qayen nhdn than ddi vdi eupc bieu diln, cdn chu dau tu cd cdc quyen tdi sdn.
NIU theo Dilu 29 thi trong frudng hgp ngudi bieu dien khdng phdi Id chu ddu tu thue hifn cupe bieu dien thi hp chi ed cdc quyen nhan thdn ddi vdi cupe bieu dien. Chit dau tu se cd cdc quyen tdi sdn, frong do ed quyln djnh hinh, sao chep phdt sdng ban ghi cudc bieu diln. Tuy nhien, neu theo quy djnh ciia Dieu 33 till cd ngudi bieu dien vd nhd sdn xudt ban ghi deu dugc trd tiid lao khi bdn ghi dugc phat sdng hogc dugc su dyng trong hogt dpng kinh doanh, tiiuong mai. Quy djnh chdng cheo va mau tiiuan trong Dieu 29 vd Dieu 33 Lu|t Sd huu oi tuf hifn nay gdy ra nhilu tranh lugn ciing nhu tianh chip fren tiiuc te. Vi vgy, de ndng cao hifu qud bdo hg quyln tdc gid, quyln lidn quan, phdp lugt sd huu tri mp Vift Nam cung can bd sung quy dinh Idm rd mdi quan hf giiia quyen ciia tdc gid vdi ngudi hilu dien, nhd sdn xuat bdn ghi dm nhu quy dinh ciia Dilu 18.61 TPP.
3. Cdc gidi han va ngoai If trong bdo h$
quyln tdc gid
Dieu 18.66 TPP nhan mgnh cdc ben phai nd lyc de dgt dugc sy edn bang thich hgp, "bao gdm cd nhung gidi hgn vd ngogi If trong mdi trudng so, xem xet cdn frgng cac myc dich hgp phdp nhu: Phe binh, binh luan, dua tin, gidng dgy, hge tgp, nghien cuu, vd cdc myc dich tuong h; khdc". So vdi cdc trudng hpp gidi hgn quyln tde gia (Dilu 25 Luat Sd huu tri tuf) vd cdc trudng hgp gidi hgn quyln lien quan (Oilu 32 Lugt Sd hiru fri hif), cd thl nhdn thdy phdp luat sd huu tti mf Vift Nam hifn nay chi
cho phep su dyng tdc phdm, c u ^ biiu diln, bdn gl am, ghi hinh dudi hinh thue "ty sao ehdp m^t ban nhdm myc dich "nghien cira khoa hpe cua c nhdn"; "dl gidng dgy" md khdng d l cap tdi trudni hgp sao chep nham myc dich "hpe tgp".
C^y dinh ndy cd tiie hieu Id phdp lugt sd hihi ti ttjp Vlft Nam khdng tiida nhgn sao chep nhfim hipi dich hpe tap tiiupc tnximg hgp gidi hgn quyln t&
gid. Cdch tilp cgn ndy cd ca sd vdi gid tiiilt nlu hgi smh, sinh vien dugc t\f do sao chep mdi ngudi mf bdn sdch gido khoa, gido trinh, tdi lipu... de phgt vy cho vifc hgc tgp thi sdch in se khdng ban dupt (vi gid tiianh photocopy tdc pham ehdc chdn se r^
ban mua sdch in) vd dieu ndy ehdc chfin se ant budng din quyln Igi eda chii sd hiru tdc phdm trong vifc khai thdc tdc pham.
Tuy nhien, nlu cam tuyft ddi vifc sao ch6p tic phim vdi myc dich hgc t$p se dnh hudng din nhu cdu chinh ddng cita cdng chung trong viec tilp c^o tri thdc nhdn logi, dgc bift trong boi cdnh Vift Nan Id nudc dang phdt trien vai thu nhgp binh quan cua ngudi dan edn thap. Lu^t Sd hiru tti tup Vift Nam hipn nay ciing chua de cgp tdi van d l khii lupng sao chep dugc phdp (sao chep todn bO hay chi mft ph4n tdc phdm, bdn ghi dm, ghi hinh).
Dieu 18.66 TPP danh quyln chii dpng cho cic tiidnh vien trong vipc quy djnh nhung gidi hgn vi ngogi If cho tiirdng hgp su dyng tdc phim vdi nhiing myc dich hgp phdp, phi tiiuong mgi, bw gom cd trudng hgp su dyng vdi myc dieh hgc t$p.
Vi vgy, de phu hgp vdi quy dinh eiia TPP ciing nhu edn bang frong bdo vf quyen Igi ciia tdc gid ciing nhu edng ehung trong vipc tiep c|n tdc pham, ph^
Iudt sd huu tri tuf Vipt Nam cdn bd sung ttudng hpp gidi hgn quyen tdc gid lidn quan din vipc sd dyng tdc pham vdi myc dich hpe tip, frong dd quy djnli cy the khdi lugng cho phdp ciia vipc sao ehdp haj trich dan tdc phdm. Ddng tiidi, dii v<5fi vipc bdo h^
^^ hdnh fikdjt Uidi Stf 3 (300)-2017
quyen tdc gia, quyln lien quan ti^ng mdi trudng sd, phdp lugt Vlft Nam ciing can cd nhiing quy dinh hudng dan cy tiie ban v l quyln sao chep, gidi han eda quyen sao chep trong mdi ttirdng sd.
4. Thdi han bao hp quyen tdc gid, quyln lien quan vd md rpng pham vi bdo bp quyen tdc gid, quyen Uen quan den cdc bipn pbdp cdng nghe bdo vf quyln
So vdi phap luat sd hiiu tti tup \^ft Nam hipn hinh, Dieu 18.63 TPP keo ddi thdi ban bao hd quyln tdc gid, quyen hen quan ddi vdi tdc pham, cugc bieu dien, ban ghi dm (fren ca sd ddi ngudi) Id suot cupe ddi tdc gid va 70 nam sau khi tdc gid chet, trong khi Cdng udc Berae cung nhu phdp lugt sd hiiu tl i tuf Vlft Nam quy djnh thdi hgn bdo hd trong cic tmdng hgp ndy Id 50 nam sau khi tdc gid chet'.
Mgt diem rat quan frgng frong Chucmg Sd hiiu fri ttif Id TPP yeu cau cdc quoc gia thdnh vien khdng chi bdo hg cdc quyen lien quan din tdc pham, eupc bieu didn, bdn ghi md ed ddi vdi nhung bifn phdp edng nghp md tdc gid, ngudi bieu dien, nhd sdn xudt bdn ghi su dyng de bdo vf quydn cua minh.
Dieu 18.68 TPP yeu cdu cdc thdnh vien cd cdc bifn phdp chd tdi phdp ly hifu qud (bao gdm cd cdc bifn phdp xu ly hinh sy vd yeu cdu bdi tiiudng thift hgi) doi vdi nhiing chii the cd hdnh vi: (i) Ldm vd bifu hda cdc bifn phdp cdng nghf ma chu the quyln su dyng de kiem sodt vifc tray cgp tdc phdm, eupc bieu diln, bdn ghi dm eiia hp; (ii) Sdn xudt, nhgp khau, phdn phdi. chao bdn, cho thue, cung cap thilt bj, sdn phdm, linh kifn... dd vd hieu hda cdc bifn phdp bdo vf cita chii the quyen. Dilu 18.69 TPP quy dfnh cdc chi tdi phdp ly nhdm bdo hg tiidng tin qudn ly quyln. bao gom nhung hdnh vi gd bd ho§c ldm tiiay ddi tiidng tin quan ly quyln...
Vdi nhirng quy djnh ndy ciia TPP, hdnh vi xdm phgm quyen tdc gid, quyen lien quan da dugc md
rdng, khdng chi gidi hgn d hdnh vi xam phgm quyln ma tiidm chi ddi vdi nhung hdnh vi xdm pham cdng nghp bdo ve tac phdm, hogc xdm phgm vdo cdc thdng tin qudn ly quyen.
5. Veu cau trong t h ^ thi quyen tdc gia, quyen lien quan
Cdc nguyen tdc chung ddi vdi thyc thi quydn sd hiiu fri ttif trong Dieu 18.71 TPP ke thira cdc quy dinh cua Hifp dinh ve quyen sd huu tri tue lien quan den thircmg mgi (TRIPs), theo do yeu cdu cdc thanh vien phdi bdo ddm cdc thu tyc thyc thi quyen sd huu tri tup dugc dp dyng theo cdch tbuc ttmih khdng tgo ra cdc rdo cdn cho hogt dpng tiiucmg mgi hgp phdp vd bdo ddm chdng Igi vipc Igm dyng; bdo ddm cdc thu tt^c thyc thi dugc tien hdnh mpt each cdng bang, vd tu, khdng gay ra su phdc tgp hay tdn kem khdng can thiet, khdng dugc dua ra nhiing gidi hgn bdt hgp Iy ve thdi gian hay tti hoan ttiy tifn;
khdng dp ddt nghia vy cho chc tiianh vidn frong vipc thiet Igp hf tiidng co quan xet xd, thyc thi quyen sd hiiu hi tup khae vdi hp tiidng co quan xet xd, thyc thi lugt chung, theo dd ddnh cho ede quoc gia thdnh vien quyen lya chpn md hinh hay ca quan thyc thi phu hgp.
Dieu 18.73 TPP nhan mgnh nguyen tdc cdng khai, minh bach frong hogt dgng thue thi quyen sd hiiu hi mp ndi chung, quyen tdc gid, quyen lien quan ndi rieng khi yeu cdu cdc quyet djnh tu phdp cudi Cling vd cdc quyet dinh hdnh ehinh cd hifu lyc phdi "dugc tiigc hifn bang vdn ban va neu ro Iy do dupc gdi tdi cac ben lien quan". So vdi quy djnh cita Dieu 41.3 Hifp djnh TRIPs, vifc tiiyc thi quyen tac gia, quyen lien quan frong TPP da ndng cao hon khi yeu cdu cac van ban nay phai dugc cdng bd hogc dang tdi dudi hmh tiiuc khdc (tren intemet) d l cdng chiing cd tiie tiep can dugc quyet djnh dd. Day la yeu cau nhdm bdo ddm nguyen tae "cdng khai, minh bgch" dugc tni trpng trong TPP, nhung ciing
Ddn chCi & Phdp Iudt I
^ki hdnh fikdfb ludi Stf 3 (300)-201;
chinh Id dilm yiu frong khau tiiuc tiii tgi Viet Nam.
Mgt dilm mdi cita TPP la ddnh mgt "quy tdc td ttong" rieng doi vdi nhan hidu, quyen tac gid va quyln lien quan. De tgo thuan Igi cho vifc gidi quyit tranh chap vd xu ly xdm phgm quyen tac gid, quyln lien quan, Dilu 18.72 TPP dua ra nguyen tdc gid djnh de suy dodn ve quyen, theo dd ngudi cd ten tt^ tdc phdm, cupe biiu diln, bdn ghi dugc suy dodn Id ehii sd huu quyen tdc gid, quyen lien quan.
6. Cdc chi tai xir ly hanh vi vi pham 6.1. Che tdi dan s^
- Vi bdi thudng thiet hgi, khodn 3 va khodn 4 TPP quy djnh ve cdch xdc djnh thift hgi ve co bdn Id dya fren quy djnh cita Hipp djnh TRIPs, nham bdi thudng thda ddng eho ehii the quyen. Dieu 205 Lugt Sd hiiu tti tuf Vift Nam cung da ddp ung yeu cau nay khi dua ra cdch xdc dinh mdc thiet hgi rat linh boat de bdo ddm tdi uu quyen dugc bdi tiiudng cua ben bj xdm phgm, cy the: Cd the can cd vdo thu nhgp bj gidm sut cita nguyen don; hodc Igi nhugn ma bj dcm thu dugc; hodc gid chuyen giao quyen su dyng doi tugng sd huu tti tuf gid dinh; hodc do Tda dn dn djnh ttiy thupe vao muc dp thift hgi. So vdi quy djnh ciia Hipp djnh TRIPs \ a Dieu 205 Luat Sd huu tti ttif Vift Nam, tiii TPP dua ra mgt vdn d l mdi frong xac djnh khoan bdi thudng la "dira fren gid tiij trudng" ciia hang that hogc "theo gia bdn le dugc de xuat" ciia chu the quyln. Day Id dl xudt nhdm bdo vf tot hon quyen Igi eua ben bj xdm phgm. TPP ciing nhdn mgnh yeu eau lien quan din boi tiiudng thift hgi do cdc hdnh \'i xam phgm quyen tdc gid, quyen lien quan, theo dd cdc thdnh vien "phdi tiiiet lap hogc duy ni rapt hf tiiong quy djnh cdc khodn bdi thudng de chit tiie quyln cd thl lya chgn" va "cdc khodn boi tiiudng thift hai bd sung" dii de bdo ddm "bii ddp cho chit till quyln nhiing tiiif t hgi gay ra bdi hanh vi xdm phgm vd vdi myc tieu ran de nhiing hdnh vi xdm phgm frong
mong lai" (khodn 6,7, 8 Dilu 18.74);
- Ve thue thi chi tdi ddn sif trong moi trudng so khodn 17 Dilu 18.74 nhdn mgnh cac cbe tdi dan s^
nhu tiiu giu, bupc bdi thudng thift hgi, huge trd chi phi Tda dn va cac chi phi khdc, buge tieu buy tiiill bj va sdn phdm lien quan ddn hdnh vi xam phgn;
dugc dp dyng ddi vdi- nhirng hdnh vi vd hifu hda cdc bidn phdp edng nghp bdo vf quyln (TPM) va xdm phgm tiidng tin qudn I^ quyln (RMI), So vi^
cdc didu udc qudc td ve sd huu tri tuf trudc ddy, van de thyc thi quyln sd hiiu tri tup frong TPP dupc tang cudng d mdc dp rat cao, dgc bift ddi vdi cic hdnh vi xdm phgm quyen tdc gia, quyen lidn quan frong mdi trudng ky thugt sd.
6.2. Chi tdi hinh s^
- Vihdnh vi xdm phgm quyen tdc gid, quyen lien quan bj truy euu trdch nhi?m hinh sif, so vdi chuan myc ciia Hifp djnh TRIPs vd Hipp djnh tiiuong mgi Vipt Nam - Hoa Ky (BTA) ma Vift Nam da tiiam gia, yeu eau xd ly hinh sy frong TPP da vugt xa khi quy djnh bd sung mgt logt cac hdnh vi xdm phgm quyen tdc gid, quyen lien quan, cy thl: Tray ciru frach nhifra hinh sy ddi vdi hdnh vi xdm phgm den bdo hg tin hifu cdp vd tin hipu vf tinh mang chuong ttinh dugc ma hda; hdnh vi sao ehdp d^i phdp cic tde phdm difn dnh td budi ehilu phim frong rap...;
- Ve yeu to edu thdnh tgi phgm, theo Dieu 61 Hifp djnh TRIPs vd Dilu 170a Bg Iudt Hinh sy Vift Nam (sua doi nam 2009), hdnh vi xdm phgm quyln tdc gid, quyen lien quan chi bj ttuy cihi frdch nhifra hmh sy vdi loi cd y vd vdi quy md thuang mgi. So vdi quy djnh cua Hifp dinh TRIPs hay Bp lugt Hinh sy Vift Nam, quy djnh ciia TPP da hg thap yeu td cau thdnh tpi phgm doi vdi cdc tgi danh xdm phgm quyln tdc gid, quyln lidn quan, theo dd hdnh vi xam phgm dit yeu td cau thdnh tgi phgm vd truy cmi frdch nhifm hinh sy khi chi cdn ed mpt frong hai yeu td: (i) Nhdm dgt Igi the tiiuong mgi ho$c thu Igi
^^J^dmk phdii Lidi Stf 3 (300)-2017
bat chmh; (ii) Hdnh vi du khdng nhdm dgt Igi till tiiuong mai hodc tim Igi tdi chinh nhung gay hgi mgt cdch ddng kl tdi Igi ich cua chu till quyln frdn till tiudng (khodn 1 Dilu 18.77).
Cho den thdi diem hifn nay, cdc quoc gia tham gia TPP bao gdm cd Vipt Nam dang frong quy ttinh xem xet de phe chuan thdng qua cac npi dung ciia TPP vd TPP chi chinh tiidc cd hieu lire vdi cdc nudc phe chudn. Ddi vdi Vift Nam - la nudc chiu nhieu tdc dgng do cdc ydu cdu rdt cao trong viec bdo hd quyln sd huu tri tuf cua TPP, thi dugc ddnh cho mpt tiidi gian chuyin tiep (tinh td thdi dilm TPP ed hifu lyc), cy tiie, nhung cam kit v l vifc gia nhap cac Cdng udc ve sd hihi tri tuf (doi vdi Vift Nam
la WCT va WPPT) vd ydu cdu ve sda ddi hf thdng p h ^ lugt lien quan den bdo hd quyen tdc gid, quyen lien quan (bao gdm cd frong mdi tnrdng sd), cdc yeu cdu lien quan doi thue thi quyen sd huu tri tuf... thdi hgn tdi da Id 03 ndm - mdt thdi hgn qud ngdn vd gap rut cho viec sua ddi phdp Iudt Nhu vay, "Wpt Nam dang dung trudc nhung thdch thdc khdng nhd ttx)ng viec hodn tiiifn phdp lugt sd hiiu tri tue ndi chung, p h ^ luat bdo hg quyen tdc gid, quyen lien quan ndi rieng, ciing nhu co chd van hdnh, thyc thi quyen sd hiiu tri tup U
/. Khodn I Dieu 7 Cong udc Berne, Dieu 27 Lugt Sd hdu tri lue ndm 2005.
HOP ddng lap hoi
(Tiep theo trang 35) hpi; con cdng ty trdch nhifm hiiu ban mdt thdnhvien la mgt hdnh vi phdp Iy don phuang lap hgi.
Cdch tbuc tu duy ndy khdc vdi quan nifm thdng tiiudng cho rdng hgi la mpt td chuc cua hai hay nhieu ngudi. Ddi vdi cdc hiitii thdc cdng ty ndi tidn, ta cd tiid thay sy khdc bift v l npi dung ciia dgc diem hgp ddng Igp hgi Id hpp dong vi Igi ich cua ngudi tiiu ba giiia hmh tiiuc cdng ty ddi nhdn vi hinh thdc cdng ty ddi vdn. Ddi win cdng ty hgp danh (cdng ty ddi nhdn), khi cdc thdnh vien da cam kit \isi nhau, thdnh Igp cdng ty cd nghJa Id bp da rdng huge vdi nhau, chiu trdch nhifm lien ddi vd vd hgn djnh vdi cdc khodn np ciia cdng ty. Ddi vdi cdng ty trdch nhifm hihi hgn vd cdng ty ed phdn (cdng ty ddi vdn), sy rang bugc lan nhau giiia cdc ttiinh vien cdng ty bj gidm d4n tu edng ty frdeh nhifm hiru hgn sang cdng ty cd phdn.
Cdc phan tich d fren cho tiidy, hgp ddng Igp hpi
Id mgt logi hgp ddng quan frgng khdng the thieu dugc frong ddi sdng xa hpi, do chinh nhu cdu khdch quan cua con ngudi. Day Id mgt logi hgp ddng cd pham vi tdc dgng sdu rpng, do dd can phdi nghien cuu bd sung vdo Bg lugt Ddn su de Idm nen tdng phdp Iy cho cdc luat chuyen ngdnh Q
/. Ngo Huy Cuong (2015), "Binh lugn cdc quy dinh ve phap nhdn trong Du thdo Bg ludi Ddn su (sua doi) " (tr.
38 - 49), Tgp chi Dan chi vd Phdp lugt. So chuyen de sda doi. bo sung Bg lugt Ddn sg; .\xh. Tit phap. Ha Ngi, Ir. 38.
2. Amy Gutmann (1998). Freedom of Association.
Princeton University Press. .\ew Jersey, p. 4 3. Sedex Information Exchange Ltd (2017), "Freedom ofAsociation and Collective Bargaining". Sedex Suplier fVorkboofc. http://www.Sedexglobal.com. p. I.
4. Ngd Huy Cuang (2016), Ly thuyel chung ve nghia
\-u, Bdi gidng dien tu.
