Tap chi Khoa hoc v^ Phil triln 2012. T$p 10, sd 2:290 - 294 T R U ' Q N G DAI HQC NONG NGHI '< ' N Q I
DANH GIA PH0I NHIEM THUY NGAN DO TIEU THU CAC HAI SAN 6 NHA TRANG
Assessment on E x p o s u r e to M e r c u r y due to Seafoods C o n s u m p t i o n in Nha T r a n g
Nguyen Thuan Anh
Bg mdn Qudn ly chdt lugng vd A TTP. Khoa ('dng Ngh? Thuc phdm Trudng Dgi hgc Nha Trang
Email: nguyen.lhuananh(§gmaiI.com, Tel.; 0905127555 Ngay gui bfii: 08.12.2011 Ngay chap nhgn^ 15.03.2012
T 6 M TAT
Diy l i nghiin ci>u diu tiin & ViOt Nam v i dinti gid pho-l nhiim cua cu din & Nha Trang d6i vM thiiy ngin cd trong cic bk\ sin airi/c tiiu thg ph6 biin & Ntia Trang. Kit hp'p sd ii#u him lirpmg thuy ngin v i s6 ii^u tiiu thg cic hii sin du-p-c tiiu thp phd biin ir Nha Trang bing phuvng phip xic suit vdi 8^ tr? giup ciia phin mim @Risk cho kit qui v i mi>c d$ phoH nhlim cua siu nhdm 66\ tu^ng gim nam v i nir & cic d^ tu6i 18-29, 30-64 v i trin 65 tuii. So sinh cic gii trj niy vM PTWi (Provlslonai Tolerable Weekly inUkes) ciia thuy ngin (5 tiglkg t h i trpng/tuin) cho phip kit lu^n khdng c6 nguy co* liin quan din mi>c d$ phci nhiim thuy ngin cua cu* din thinh ph6 Nha Trang do tieu thv hai sin.
Ti> khda : Danh g'lk nguy cc, hii sin, thuy ngin, dinh gii phoi nhiim.
SUMMARY
The present study was the first study in Vietnam on assessment of exposure to mercury in seafoods for the population in Nha Trang. The sheiifish consumption data were combined with mercury contamination data in seafoods by probabiiistJc analyses performed with @Risk international for Excel to estimate the mercury intake for six sub-population groups: men and women at 18-29, 30- 54, and 55 and over years of age. The dietary intakes of mercury by the Nha Trang population groups were compared with the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes (PTWI) of mercury (5^g/kg b.w/day). it was found that there was no risk concerning the levels of exposure of Nha Trang consumers to mercury due to the seafoods consumption.
Key words: Exposure assessment, seafood, mercury, risk.
1. DAT VAN DE
trgng v$ sinh an to&n thiic phftm, dua va cac giai phap bao v$ sctc khoe cho cong Hai san c6 kha nSng tich ty cac chfi't d ddng, ddng thdi hok nh&p vko xu th^ ciia nhiem, d5c bi^t Ik kim loai n$ng (Miquel, t h ^ gidi: c&e qudc gia diing cdng cu danh gia 2001), trong dd thuy ngan Ik mpt trong sd ve an toan thue pha'm phai dua tren danh cac kim loai n^ng cd tinh tich liiy vk rtft d^c gia nguy cd. Hon the nQa, kS't qua ciia ngay ca khi tdn tai b dgng vet. Thiiy ngan nghien eijfu se Ik tiin di de Ai xu&'t cae giai g3y ddc chu yg'u ISn thSn vk thin kinh (Dab phap quan ly nguy cd cho chfnh quyen dia vk cs, 1999). Nghien cttu nky dupc thyc hi^n phUdng nhfim dam bao an t o i n cho ngUdi d l danh gia phdi nhiem thuy ngSn do fin tieu diing.hai san b t h i n h pho Nha Trang. Ket qua phfin tfch nguy cd an toan thuc ph^m cua nghien eiiu nky cung ctfp cac dQ lieu ^^ng la v&'n d$ ra't mdi ddi vdi Viet Nam. SiJ khoa hpe de dua ra eac khuyen eao vi thuc ch^m trS se anh hudng rtft ldn d^n cdng tic
290
Danh gia pho-i nhi^m thuy ngSn do tifeu thg cac hai s^n a Nha Trang dam bao chtft lupng va an totfn thuc ph^m b
Vi^t Nam din tdi nguy cd d6i vdi siic khoe ngUdi tieu dung.
Cac so'lieu vi mdc dp phdi nhiem thuy ngan do tieu thu hai san cung ctfp eac thdng tin mpt each ch^t che, khoa hpc, giup cae nha hogeh dinh chinh sach xac dinh dupc eae giai phap de bao h& siic khoe cho ngudi tieu dQng, ddng thdi chung rtf't hflu ich trong trao dd'i, thUdng mgi ciia Viet Nam va cac ddi tkc nUdc ngotfi. Mpt khi Viet Nam da ky ket tham gia Hiep dinh v6 sinh an toan thUe pham (ATTP) va kiem dich dpng thue vSt (SPS) cua To' chiie ThUdng mgi The gidi etfn chting to kha nfing hieu cua chiing ta vi nhiing nguy eP gfin lien vdi eac san ph^m thUc phaim.
2. DOI TU'ONG, VAT LIEU VA PHl/ONG PHAP
2,1. Tinh toan phcfi n h i e m thuy n g a n Tinh toan phdi nhiem thuy ngan theo cong thdc sau (ECroes va cs, 2002; WHO. 1997):
D: Phan bo' cua phdi nhiim thiiy ngan ((ig/kg the trpng) ciia ngudi tieu diing. Ngudi tieu dung dUdc chia thanh 6 nhom: dan ong va phu nfl (18-29, 30-54 va tren 55 tuo'i);
Q,: Phan bo' ciia tieu thu hai san i (g/kg the trpng/ngay), vdi i Itf cac loai hai manh vd, cae loai chan bung, cac loai chan dtfu hofic giap xac. Q, dupc Itfy trong bp so lieu cua cupc dieu tra ti§u thu hai san tai 27 xa phudng thupc thanh phd' Nha Trang cua Nguydn va cac cpng sU (2010) dupc thue hien bfing phUdng phap FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire) vfi phUdng phap SDRM (Seven Days Recall Method);
C,: Hfim lUdng toi da ciia thuy ngfin trong hai san i (mg/kg), vdi i la cae lofii hai manh vd, cac loSi chan bung, cac lofii chan d^u hofic giap xac. C, dUdc lfi'y trong bd so' lieu hfim lUpng thuy ngan cua bdn nhdm hai san (cac lofii hai manh vd, cac lofii chan bung, cac lofii chan dtfu hofic giap xac) dupc Itfy b cae ehd vfi nhfi hang thudc thfinh phd Nha Trang dfi xac dinh dupe trong hai miia (miia mua va miia khd) bfing phUdng phap ICP-MS (Nguyen, 2011).
DUa tren sd li§u tieu thu vfi hfim lUpng thiiy ngan trong hai san, vi§c danh gia phdi nhiem hai san cua ngUdi tieu diing dupc thUc hi§n theo phan tich xac sufi't (probabilistic analyses), sut dung ©Risk 4.5.6. PhUdng phfip Monte Carlo vfi lfi'y mfiu theo Latin Hypercube da dUpc thUc hien. Sd l^n lap lgi cua Monte Carlo cho eac tinh toan la 10.000.
2.2. Xac dinh d a c t i n h nguy col
Miic dp phdi nhiem thiiy ngan (E) dUdcso sanh vdi PTWI cua thuy ngan (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes) (5pg/kg the trong/tuan) (WHO, 2003) vfi dupc trinh bfiy dudi dang % cua PTWI: (E*100 / PTWD(%).
3. KET QUA v A THAO L U A N
3.1. Ket qua danh gia phdi n h i e m va danh gia nguy cd
Cac mtte dp phdi nhiem thiiy ngan ciia cU dan thfinh phd Nha Trang do fin hai san b cae miic dp tiSu thu khae iihau dupe trinh bfiy b hinh 1. Khi set dung hfim lupng thuy ngan trung binh vfi tdi da trong tinh toan phdi nhiem thi thu dUpc eae gia tri phdi nhiem trung binh lan lUpt la 0,555 vfi 0,826 (ig/kg th^ trpng/tuan.
291
Nguyin Thuin Anh
Hinh 2. Phan trSm cua c i c muc phui nhiem tiiii) ngan do fin hai san so vdi PTWI
«1 CiO -
0 000 Ll 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 Phoi nhiemHg(|igi^1hetrong.4uan>
Hinh 3 . Phoi nhiem t nam (18-29,30-54 V
thijy ngfln (^g/kg thi trpng/tu^n) cda siu nhdm tieu thu hfii sdn;
30-54 vik tr£n 55 tu6i) vk nO- (18-29,30-54 vfi tr€n 55 tuoi)
oanh aia phoi nhiem thiy ngan do tiSu thu cic hai san a Nha Trang
Chan bung ^ 16% ,-'
Chan dAU 12".'.
-_ i ^ ^ . ^ ^
• > i j p j i r
r—--.
5 0 \
• - S
i
Hinh 4. S y tham ghi cii;! cdc nhom luii san kliiicniiau viio vi^c phoi nhiem ihOy ng3n do fin hfii sfin
€ ^n
>A , ,
.= a "'
^ 1 , ; .
J l ' - ' ' •
• _ _
» " ••• , • , , ,
^ ..^ '' Jiff • .."* ^j'' ' ..s <•
Hinh 5. So sfinh ket qufi dfinh gifi phoi nhilm thuy ngfin do fin hfii sfin ir nghien cun nfiy vdi cdc ket qufi nghi£n cihi cua cfic nirdc trSn thi gidi
Ket qua so sanh cfic mijtc dp phdi nhilm thuy ngan so vdi PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes)(5jig/kg thg' trpng/tuIn) dUdc trinh bay b hinh 2 cho thfi'y cfic mite dd phdi nhiem nfiy thfi'p so vdi PTWI cua thuy ngan (<30 %).
So sanh cac mite dp phdi nhilm thuy ngan trung binh do tieu thu hai san eua cac nhom ddi tupng nghiSn cttu cho thfi'y miic dp phdi nhiem thuy ngan ciia nhdm nam trdn 55 tuo'i, nii 18-29 tud'i vfi nfl 30-54 tu^i lfi kha gidng nhau, cdn mflc dd phdi nhilm thuy ngan cua nhdm nam 18-29 tu^i vfi nam 30- 54 tuoi lfi gidng nhau. Thfl tfl dp ldn ciia phdi nhiem thiiy ngan do tieu thu hai san cua cac nhdm doi tfldng nhfl sau: nam tren 56 tu^i, nfl 18-29 tud'i va nfl 30-54 tu^i> niJ trdn 55
tudi> nam 18-29 tuoi vfi nam 30-54 tuoi (Hinh 3).
Cac nhdm hai san gdp ph^n vfio phdi nhiem thuy ngan theo thfl tu nhu sau:
nhdm hai manh vd gdp ph4n nhieu nha't vfio phdi nhiem thuy ngan (50%), tiep theo la nhdm gifip xfic (22%), rdi d^n nhdm chfin bung (16%) vfi cudi cung la nhdm cham diku (12%) (Hinh 4).
So sanh ket qua danh gia-phdi nhiem
thiiy ngfin do fin hai san b nghien cflu nfiy
vdi cac ket qua nghien cflu cua cac nflde tren
the gidi dUdc trinh bfiy b hinh 5. Mac du viec
so sanh khdng de do phudng phap thuc hen b
cac nghiSn eflu la khae nhau va mflc dp phdi
nhiem thuy ngan khdng do fin cung loai hai
san nhflng ket qua so sanh cho thay cfic mflc
293
NguySn Thuin Anh
phdi nhi§m cua cfic nflde big^n dpng ldn nhflng c6 ciing khoang dp ldn. Mflc phdi nhiem xac dinh dupc d nghiSn cflu nfiy thfi'p hdn so vdi mflc phdi nhilm thiiy ngan b Nhfit nhung cao hdn mflc phdi nhilm b Phfip, Dfii Loan, Bo Dfio Nha, Na-Uy, Hy Igp, Canada, Bi, Hfi Lan, Ireland, Dflc vfi Dan Mgch (Nakagawa vfi cs., 1997; Chen YC et Chen MH, 2006; EC, 2004; JECFA, 2004; Gngnon, 2004; Lin vfi cs., 2004; Sorkina vfi cs., 2003).
4. K f T LUAN
Phdi nhilm thuy ngfin do tieu thu hai san cua ngfldi dfin Nha Trang cl cfic nhdm tud'i vfi gidi tinh khfic nhau lfi rfi't thfi'p BO vdi PTWI dflpc thiet lfip bdi WHO ngay ca khi ndng dp tdi da cua thiiy ngfin dupc sb dvtng trong tinh tofin phdi nhiem. Ket qua dat dupc cho ph6p k^t lufin mflc dp phdi nhilm thiiy ngan do tieu thu hai san eua cfl dan thfinh phd Nha trang khdng phai lfi vfi'n d^
dfing bfio ddng. Tuy nhiSn cin ed eae nghien cflu bd' sung de dfinh gifi phdi nhilm thiiy ngfin do fin cfic thflc ph^m khae.
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