1 6 T A P CHi KHOA H Q C PHAP LY V I g T N A M a o u J t i ^ ^ ; / ^y^-^
MOT S 6 THACH THtTC KHI THLTC THI CAc Hl£P DINH THUONG M^I T U D O TH^ H$
M6I CtJA vifiT NAM TtT VI$C CHUYDN HOA
Difeu U(3c vAo PHAP LUAT TRONG NUC5C
N G U Y : 6 N N G Q C HA*
Khoa Lust, Trudng Dgi hpc Ngoai thiiong Faculty of Law, Foreign trade Universit)' Email: hann@ftu edii.vn
Tom tit
Bdi viit tdp trung phdn tich mdt s6 thdeh thiic dd'i vdi Viit Nam khi chuyin hoa cdc hiip dinh thuang mgi tyi do (FTA) noi chung vd cdc FTA thi hi mdi ndi riing vdo n^i ludt. Cdc thdeh thiic ndy liin quan din ndi dung aia Dfiu 6 khodn 2 Ludt F>iiu Udc qu6c tindm 2016 - co sd phdp ly di chuyin hoa FTA vdo ndi ludt vd til chinh thifc tiin chuyin hda FTA vdo cdc quy dinh trong nudc. Ddy la nhang vfn di md Viit Nam cdn quan tdm gidi quyA di bdo ddm tudn thti ddy dii cdc cam kit eda minh trong cdc FTA.
T a k h d a : FTA thi hi mdi, ndi ludt hda, thdeh thiic, Viit Nam A b s t r a c t
The paper focuses on analyzing some challenges for Vietnam when transforming FTAs in general and new generation FTAs in particular into domestic law. These challenges relate to the content of Article 6, paragraph 2 of the 20^ 6 International Treaty Law - the legal basis for transforming FTAs into internal laws and from FTA transformation practices into domestic regulations. These are issues that Vietnam needs to address to ensure full compliance with Us commitments in FTAs.
K e y w o r d s : new generation FTA, transformation, challenges, Vietnam N g a y n h a n b a i : 1 0 / 2 / 2 0 1 9 N g a y d u y e t d a n g : 2 7 / 3 / 2 0 1 9
rj.
"^ham gia c a c h i 6 p d i n h t h U d n g m a i t u d o (Free Trade Agreement, F T A ) n d i c h u n g v a h i 6 p d j n h t h U d n g m a i t u d o t h e hi m d i n d i r i e n g , d d i v d i V i ^ t N a m , la m d t t r o n g n h u n g d i ^ m n h a n q u a n t r o n g cila q u a t r i n h h d i n h a p q u d c t ^ t r o n g t h d i g i a n q u a . ' T r o n g sd h o n 1 5 F T A m a V i 6 t N a m d a m p h a n , kf ke't, m d t sd F T A da co hiiu l U c C d thi k eNghien ctiu nay du^c tai trO bdi Quy Phat tri^n khoa hoc va cdng nghe qudc gia (NAFOSTED) trong d& Cai ma sd 505.01-2018.01.
Xem: Chiin luoc tdng tbi hdi nhdp qudc ti din ndm 2020, ldm nhin din ndm 2030, ban hanh kem cheo Quy^t djnh sd 4 0 / Q D - T T g ngay 07/01/2016 cua T h d tudng Chinh phii.
CAC FTA THE HE JMCtl CT!TA VigT NAM 17 de'n cac FTA ma Viet N a m kf kit vdi N h a t Ban,' Han Q u d c , ' Chile,*
C d n g d d n g kinh t^ A - Au,^ vdi 10 qud'c gia trong khu vUc ch^u A - T h a i Binh Dudng,*^ trong khu vUc ASEAN va cac hiep djnh ASEAN + If R i e n g ddi vdi Hidp dinh ThUdng mai tu do Viet N a m - Lien minh chau Au (The Vietnam — EU Free Trade Agreement, EVFTA), du hai ben da ke't thUc dam phan vao cudi nam 2015, n h u n g de'n nay EVFTA vin chUa duoc ky ke't."
Cac FTA, dac biet la cac FTA t h ^ he mdi cd th^ mang din cho Viet N a m nhUng thay ddi theo chieu h u d n g tfch cue. T u y nhien, qua trinh thuc thi cac hiep dinh nay cho tha^y, Viet N a m cUng da gap khdng it khd khan va thach thUc v^ mSt phap ly, trong dd cd cac khd khan, thach thiic trong viSc chuydn hda cac quy dinh eda FTA vao ndi luat.
Bai vi^t tap t r u n g lam rd nhUng khd khan, thach thUc dd bang cac phan ti'ch lien quan de'n cac thach thilc phat sinh tU viec lUa chon p h u o n g phap thuc thi di'eu Udc theo Lu^t Dieu Udc qudc te' nam 2016 (1), tii thUc ti^n chuydn hda cac quy djnh ciia FTA vao nOi lu^t (2), tU dd, dt x u i t m d t sd ki^n nghi (3).
1. T h a c h t h d c tti v i e c l u a c h p n p h t i d n g p h a p t h t i c t h i difeu Udc t h e o L u a t Difeu tide q u d c tfe' n S m 2016
Bi thuc thi cac cam ke't, khoan 3 DiSu 6 Luat Ky ke't, gia nhap va thuc hien dfeu Udc qudc te' nam 2005 va hien nay la khoan 2 Difeu 6 Luat Difeu Udc qudc tfe' nam 2016 quy dinh hai phui^ng phap: ap dung true tie'p va ap dung gian tifep. Cu thfe:
2 Hiep dinh Ddi tac kmh t^ Coan di?n Viec Nam - Nh^C Ban nam 2008 (The Vietnam -Japan Econonuc Partnership AgreemenC, VJEPA) Hiep dinh nay dv.10c k^ k^t ngay 25/12/2008 va cd hi6u luc cti ngay 01/10/2009.
^ Hi^p djnh Thuong mai tU do ViSt Nam - Han Qudc nam 2015. Hi^p dinh nay dUdc ky kft CLl ngay 05/05/2015 va cd hieu liic til ngay 20/12/2015.
'' Hi^p dinh Thuong mat td do Vii^t N a m - Chile nam 2011 (The Vietnam - Chili Free Trade Agreement, VCFTA). HiSp djnh n^y dU0c ky kft vao ngay 11/11/2011 va cd hieu iMc tu ngiiy 01/01/2014. , _ 5 Hiep dinh Thiidng mai td do Vi^C Nam - Lien minh Kinh t^ A - Au (The VieCnam
- EAEU Free Trade AgreemenC, EAEUFTA) dUdc ky kft n ^ y 29/05/2015 va cd hieu liJc til ngay 05/10/2016.
* Hiep dinh Ddi Cac toan dien va ti^n bd xuyen Thai Binh Dudng (The Comprehensive and Progressive Trans - PaciHc Partnership Agreement, CPTPP).
' D d la cac FTA ma ASEAN kf kft vdi cac ddi tac ldn ciia khdi, bao gdm: An Dd, Han Qudc, Hdng Kdng, NhlC Ban, Trung Qudc, Oc-New Zealand Tren cO sd cac hiep djnh ASEAN+1, ASEAN va cac ddi cac dang Qfo hanh dam phan Hiep dinh Dd'i Cac kinh t^ toan dien khu vUc (Re^onal Comprehensive Economic Parmer^hip, RCEP).
^ Djc biet, tren cO sd f kie^n tU vSn cho vti vift sd 02/2015 cua Tda an Cdng \f Lien minh chau Au, mdt phSn ctia EVFTA da duoc each ra chanh mOt hiep djnh mdt, dd la Hi?p dmh Bdo hd diu tu Viet Nam - EU (the EU-Viemam Investment Protection Agreement, EVIPA). Ngd Qudc Chie'n, "Quan di^m ciia Toa an Cdng ly chiu Au n ^ y 16/05/2017 v& Hi^p dinh Thuong m?ii td do gtOa Lien minh chau Au va Smgapore: N d ' dung chlhh va cac tac ddi^", Tgp chiKliaa hocphdp If. sd 04 (116), 2018, tr. 60 - 65.
1 8 TAP c m K H O A H O C P H A P LY VIET N A M SO 03(lZ4J/zux7
M^t Id, cic quy djnh trong difeu Udc qudc t^ cd thfe dudc ap dung true tie'p ddi vdi c6 quan, td chiic, ca nhan n^u quy dinh dd "da dii ro, dii chi ti^t di thvc hiin" va quy^t djnh cua Qudc hdi, Chu tich nUdc, Chi'nh p h ^ vfe viec chip nhJn sU rang budc eda difeu Udc qudc tfe khang djnh toan bd hoac mdt phan quy djnh dd dUdc ap dung trijc tifep.'' Ndi each khac, mdt quy dinh trong cac FTA thfe he mdi cua Vi^t Nam chi cd th^ duoc ap dyng true tifep nfeu thda man ddng thdi ca hai dieu kifen vfe ndi dung va thii tuc neu tren. Dd'i vdi difeu kien vfe ndi dung, mdt cau hdi quan trong dUQc dat ra la quy djnh cua FTA thfe hfe mdi khi nao duoc coi la "da dii rd, dii chi ti^t"? Lu^t Difeu Ude qudc tfe nam 2016 khdng CO ciu tra ldi. Theo dng Tran Anh Tuan, Vu Phap luat qudc ti - Bd Tu phap, mdt quy dinh "dii chi tife't" khi quy dinh dd khdng cin phai hudng dan, giai thich thfem th phia eac cO quan cd th^m quyfen ma v i n ed thfe thue hifen duoc; trong khi mdt quy dinh dUdc coi la "dii rd" khi ngdn ttf ciia quy dinh dd khdng dan dfen nhUng each hi^u nUdc ddi, hojc hifeu theo cac each khae nhau.'" Dudng nhu quan diem nay la kha rd rang va phU hop vdi quan difem ma mdt sd hoc gia khac dua ra.'^ Dti vay, theo tac gia, viSc xae djnh mdt quy djnh ciia difeu Udc "du rd" va "du chi tiet" khdng phai la van dfe dfe dang'^ vi khdng cd cac dfeu chi thdng nhit. Do dd, difeu nay cd thfe din dfen vifec xac djnh quy dinh
"dii rd, dii chi tifet", dti cd thfe phai trai qua nhifeu vdng "liia chon" va
"phan bien", ed thfe van bi tac ddng bdi f chf chii quan eda con ngUdi va lam anh hudng dfen qua trinh thuc thi cac quy dinh dUdc lua chon dfe ap dung tri^e tifep.
Hai Id, nfeu eac difeu kifen dfe ap dyng trUc tifep khdng dUdc dap Ung, cac quy dinh ciia difeu Udc qudc tfe' chi cd thfe dUdc ap dyng gian tife'p thdng qua vifec "siia dSi, bd sung, bdi bo hode ban hdnh van bdn quy pham
Nguyen Thi Tudng Van, "Vin dS ap dyng tn;Ic tidp dieu Udc qudc te' va quy dinh ciia phap luat Viet Nam vt ap dung tn,ic tie'p difeu Udc qudc te^'. Tap chi Ludt hoc, sd l l ( 1 8 6 ) . 2 0 i 5 , t r . 6 5 - 6 9 .
T r i n Anh Tu£tn, "NhQng va'n dS can lilu y ddi vdi cO quan quan \f nha mldc v^
chuydn hda dieu udc qudc te ma Viet Nam la thanh viSn vao phap lu^t trong nudc", Crong Bd Tai chinh, Hdi chao Thi chi hoa cdc cam kit qudc tiv^ tdi chinh ciia Viit Nam trong cdc hi^p dmh thuong mai tu do. Ninh Binh, 2018, tr. 6.
PhJippe Rutdey & Marc Weisberger, "Chapter 33: The W T O Agreement in European Commumty Law Status, Effect and Enforcemenc", m Arthur E.
Applecon, Micheal G. Plummer (eds.). The World Trade Organization: Legal, Economic and Political Analysis. Springers, 2005, p. 1483. Dac bift, theo cac hpc gia Philippe Ruttley va Marc Weisberger, mdt quy djnh trong dieu udc cd ch^ duoc ap dyng true ti^p n^u thda man ddng chdi ba diSu ki^n: i) quy dinh dd rd rang, khdng nudc ddi;
ii) quy dinh khdng d) kem cheo di'eu ki$n; m) khdng phy chudc vao cac hogC ddng khac ciia cO quan nha nUdc cd th^m quyfen Al cd ch^ duoc thuc chi.
TrSn Anh Tufe, tldd, Cr. 6.
C A I . F i A itLb ti^ MOl CtlA V I E T NAM
phdp ludt" trong nUdc.'^ N d i each khac, dfe chuyfen hda cac quy dinh ciia difeu Udc ndi chung va ciia cac FTA ndi rifeng khdng dUde ap dyng trye tife'p, Viet N a m sfe phai tidn hanh mot trong cac cdng vifec: i) siia ddi, bd sung van ban quy pham phap luat hifen cd; ii) bai bd quy dinh hoac van ban quy pham phap luat hifen cd; iii) ban hanh van ban quy ph^m phap luat mdi.'''
T r o n g trudng hdp ap dung trye tife'p hoac ndi luat hda, nfeu quy dinh cua difeu Udc qudc tfe va quy dinh eda ndi lujt khac nhau, thi theo Difeu 6 khoan 1 eiia Luat Difeu udc qudc tfe' nam 2016 va quy dinh tuong ling trong nhifeu van ban luat khac, quy dinh ciia difeu Udc qudc tfe se duoc Uu tifen ap dung.'^ Cach tifep can nhu v4y thfe hifen rd nghia vu tuan thii cac difeu Udc qudc tfe ciia Vifet Nam, ddng thdi, tU dd, cd thfe tao nen m d t gia dd phap If dfe luan giai cho sy khdng tUOng thich ciia ndi luat vdi difeu Udc nham tranh trudng hop hi khdi kifen do sU khdng tuong thi'ch dd. Tuy nhifen, difeu nay lai cd thfe lam cho quy dinh vfe ap dung trUe tiep difeu Ude trong Difeu 6.2 khdng con nhifeu -y nghia, vi dii m d t quy djnh ciia difeu Ude khdng duoc ap dung trye tifep, thi sau dd, cac chii thfe cd lifen quan v i n cd quyfen vifen dan dfen quy dinh dd nfe'u nd khac vdi quy dinh trong nudc.
Trfen thuc tfe', ngoai trU cac nghi quyfet ciia Qud'c hdi phe chu^n Nghi djnh thy gia nhap W T O ciia Vifet Nam"^ va CPTPP'^ ma d dd cac quy dinh dUdc ap dyng trUc tifep da duoc nfeu rd, thi ddi vdi cac FTA khac, eae nghj quyfe't, quyfe't dinh cd lifen quan lai khdng thfe hifen ndi dung nay. Ne'u ap dyng theo dUng tinh th'an ciia khoan 2 Difeu 6 Luat Difeu Udc qudc tfe nam 2016, ta^t ca cac quy dinh khdng duoc ap dung trUc tifep dfeu chi cd thfe dUdc cic chii thfe cd lifen quan ap dyng khi da dUdc chuyen hda vao trong phap luat ndi dia. Thuc tifen chuyfen hda cac Tran Hflu Duy Minh, "Hieu lUc phap ly va viec ap dung difeu Udc qudc te d Viet Nam", Tap chi Lu4t hpc, sd 3, 2016, tr. 38 - 45.
Dinh Thi Anh Tuyft, tldd, tr. 16-17.
T h e o tac gia Tr'an HHu Duy Minh, quy dinh t^i Difeu 6 khoan 1 ctia Lu4t Difeu Udc qudc ce' nam 2016, thuc chift, cung la mdc Crudng hdp cho phep ap dung trUc ci^p difeu udc qudc C^, Noi each khac, dii quy dinh ctia di&u Udc cd dUOc ap dung Cnjc ti^p theo cac difeu kifen ciia Difeu 6 khoan 2 Lu^t Difeu udc qudc t ^ n a m 2016 hay khdng, thi khi cd sU "khac nhau" giQa mdt quy djnh ciia ndi luac va mdt quy dinh ciia difeu Udc, cO quan, td chiic, ca nhan vSn cd quyfen vien d^n dfen quy dinh ciia dieu Udc, vi quy dinh dd diiOc "Uu tifen ap dyng" (Triin HQu Duy Minh, tldd.
tr. 40-42).
Xem Phy lye ciia Nghj quydt sd 7 1 / 2 0 0 6 / N Q - Q H 11 ciia Qudc hdi n ^ y 29/11/2006 phe chu^n Nghj dinh chu gia nh^p Hi^p djnh thanh lap Td chiic Thuong m?i ch^ gidi (WTO) ctia nudc Cdng hda xa hdi chii nghia Vifec Nam.
Xem Phu lye 2 cua Nghi quyft sd 72/201S/QH14 ctia Qude hdi ngay 12/11/2018 phfe chu^n Hi^p dinh Ddi Cac toan difen va de'n bO xuyen Thai Binh Duong.
2 0 TAP CHi KHOA H U L FHAt- L Y V I E I L^IU^X aOnj^y^^-r/, ^^-^
quy djnh trong cae FTA khdng duoc ap dyng true tifep trong thdi gian qua cung cho th^y Vifet N a m phai giai quyfe't mdt sd van dfe. Cac phan ti'ch d ph^n dudi day se lam rd difeu nay.
2. T h a c h thUc tti thtic tifin ndi luat hda cac quy dinh trong hi$p dinh t h u o n g m a i ty do F T A
Vfe CO ban, sd luong cac quy djnh va cam kfet ciia Vifet Nam dudc ap dung trye tife'p chi chiem mdt phan nhd trong sd cac quy djnh va cam ket dUdc dua vao trong eac FTA dd. Mdt difem thuan loi ciia qua trinh chuyen hda cac quy dinh nay la nhifeu quy dinh trong sd dd dUdc xay dung trfen cd sd cac quy dinh va cam kfet ciia Vifet Nam trong W T O , nfen ehdng khdng c^n phdi duoc chuyfen hda nUa vi khi gia nhap W T O , Vifet Nam da tife'n hanh siia ddi, bd sung, ban hanh mdi nhifeu van ban quy ph^m phap luat khac nhau nham bao dam sU tUdng thich ciia phip luat Vifet Nam vdi cac quy djnh va cam ket dd. Tuy nhifen, vi cac FTA thfe hfe mdi chUa dung nhifeu cam kfet sau rdng d nhifeu hnh vUc khac nhau ma chung dfeu vUdt len trfen khudn khd ciia cic quy dinh va cam kfe't ciia W T O , nfen viec chuyen hda c ^ duoc thyc hifen, dfe khdng chi tao thuan loi eho qua trinh ap dung cac quy dinh dd ma cdn bao dam sy tuan th^ ciia Vifet Nam ddi vdi cac cam kfe't ciia minh. Nghifen cUu thuc tifen chuyfen hda FTA vao ndi luat ciia Viet Nam, cd thfe thay mdt sd vin dfe phat sinh nhU sau:
Thtt nhdt, chua thdng nhdt v^ hlnh thUc vdn hdn di ndi ludt hoa cdc cam kit cAa Viit Nam trong FTA thi' hi mdi
Vfe va'n dfe nay, trndc tifen, c'an khang djnh Luat Difeu ydc qudc tfe' nam 2016 eung nhu Luat Ky kfe't, gia nhap va thuc hien difeu udc qudc tfe nam 2005 khdng ham ehda ba't kf difeu khoan nao hudng din each thilc ndi luat hda cic difeu Udc qude tfe ndi chung va cic FTA ndi rifeng.
Dbng thdi, theo Luat Ban hanh van ban quy pham phap luat nam 2015, qua trinh xay dUng va ban hanh van ban luat hay dudi luat dfeu phai trai qua budc ra soat sy tUdng thich cua eac quy dinh trong cac van ban dd vdi cac difeu Udc qudc tfe ma Vifet N a m la thanh vifen.'^ Difeu nay dudng nhu cho thay cac quy djnh trong FTA cd thfe dUdc chuyfen hda vao nhifeu loai van ban khac nhau (van ban luat hoac van ban dudi luat).
JVlinh chiing tii vifec ndi lu^t hda eac cam kfe't ciia Vifet Nam trong cac FTA thdi gian qua eung cho thay rd difeu nay.
Tinh dfen thang 12/2018, Vifet Nam da ban hanh nhifeu quy djnh dfe thyc thi cae cam kfet ciia minh trong cac FTA ndi chung va FTA thfe hfe mdi ndi rifeng. Co thfe kfe dfe'n nhifeu van ban khac nhau ddi vdi tiing linh vyc cy thfe nhu:
ia Xem cac khoan 2 Difeu 36, khoan 3 Difeu 39, Difeu 51, Difeu 58, Difeu 65, Difeu 84, Difeu 86 Lu^C Ban hanh van bdn quy ph?ni phap luJlC n i m 2015.
: ri.A inn n±i ivnji CtJA VI$T NAM
Dd^i vdi thuang mai hdng hda, diy la linh vuc ma vifec ndi luat hda dUde thye hifen mdt each nhanh chdng va rd rang nha't. Cac quy dinh dUdc chuyfen hda vao ndi luat chu yen lifen quan dfe'n hai linh vUc chmh la cac cam kfe't vfe thufe va quy tac xuit xU. Rifeng dd'i vdi AEC, Vifet N a m cdn ban hanh mdt sd van ban hudng din dfe thyc thi cae cam kfet ciia Viet N a m lifen quan dfen tao thuan loi thuong mai.'^
V^ cam ki't thui', Vifet N a m da ban hanh nhifeu van ban hudng d i n vifec thyc hifen cac cam ket thufe nhap khau ciia Vifet N a m ddi vdi hang hda duoc nhap khiu tU cac thi trUdng dd'i tae tham gia FTA. TU bang 1, cd thfe thay, trUdc khi cd Luat Thufe x u i t kh^u, nhap khau nam 2016, van ban ndi lu^t hda cam kfet thufe ciia Vifet Nam dfeu dUdc thfe hifen dudi dang thdng tU ciia Bd Tai chi'nh. Tuy nhifen, trfen cO sd Difeu 11 ciia Luat Thufe x u i t khau, nhap k h i u n i m 2016, tti ngay 01/09/2016, tham quyfen ban hanh hifeu thufe suit duoc chuyfen len eho Chinh phii.
D o dd, cac thdng tU ciia Bd Tai chi'nh cd lifen quan dfeu duoc thay thfe bang cac nghi djnh tUdng Ung ciia Chi'nh phu.
Vi quy tdc xudt xii, ngoai nhUng quy dinh chung vfe quy tac x u i t xil theo Luat T h u o n g m^i nam 2005^" va Luat Quan ly ngoai thuong nam 2017,^^ Bd Cdng thUdng da ban hanh nhifeu thdng tU dfe hudng din va thyc hifen cac quy dinh vfe xuat xti hang hda trong cac FTA da cd hifeu lye ciia Vifet N a m . Bfen c^nh eac thdng ty ciia Bd Cdng thyong, van ban ndi luat hda quy djnh vfe x u i t xU hang hda cdn cd thfe dddc thfe hifen dudi dang quyfe't dinh eda Bd Cdng thudng, nhu Quyet djnh sd 1 9 / 2 0 0 8 / Q D - B C T . - ^
Doi vdi cdc cam kit v^ thuang mai dich v^,^'' cic cam kfet nay duoc thfe hifen trong nhieu van ban quy pham phap luat khac nhau eiia Vifet
Cd thfe k^ dfen cae van ban nhU: Quyfet dinh sd 2185/QD-TTg nam 2016 phfe duyfet K€ hoach cdng ch^ Cn^n khai cO chd mdt ctia qudc gia va cO chd mdt ciia ASEAN giai do^n 2016 - 2020; Quyfet dinh sd 323/QD-UBCDASW n i m 2016 ban hanh Quy chfe' hojt ddng ciia C y ban clii dao qudc gia vfe cO cM mOt ctia ASEAN, cQ chfe mdt ctia qudc gia va Cao thu^n Idi thuong mai; Nghi quyfe't sd 3 1 / N Q - C P ctia Chinh phii ngay 22/04/2016 vfe vifec phe duyec Nghi dinh thu Ve kliung phap ly mdc ciia ASEAN Nghi djnh sd 1 9 / 2 0 0 6 / N D - C P ciia Chinh phu ngay 20/02/2006 quy djnh chi tifec Luac ThUdng m^i vfe xui't xii hang hda.
Nghi dinh sd 3 1 / 2 0 1 8 / N D - C P ciia Chinh phii ngay 08/03/2018 quy dinh chi tifet Luac Quan \f ngoji thUOng ve xuic xil hang hda va Thdng CU sd 0 5 / 2 0 I S / T T - B C T ciia Bd Cdng chaOng ngay 03/04/2018 quy dinh vfe xu^C xii hang hda.
Quy^c dinh sd 1 9 / 2 0 0 8 / Q D - B C T cria Bd Cdng chuong ngay 24/07/2008 ban hanh Q u y chd ca'p gi^y chUng nhin xuat xti hang hda mau D d^ hudng cac Uu dai theo Hiep dinh vfe chuong crinh uu dai thue quan cd hifeu lye chung (CEPT) de thanh lap khu vuc thuong m^i CU do ASEAN (AFTA).
Rieng ddi vdi AEC, Vi^c Nam va cac nUdc ASEAN da dUa ra 9 gdi cam keC dich vy. Gdi cam kdc dich vu cliii 9 dUOc ch^ hifen trong Nghj dinh chu chyc liifen gdi cam kfet djch vu Chil 9 trong khudn khd Hiep dinh khung ASEAN vfe dich vy. Chiiih phii da ban hanh N ^ quyfet sd 8 4 / N Q - C P n ^ y 04/10/2016 vfe phfe duy^t NgliJ dinh thu nay.
TAP CHi KHOA Hv»- rnJU:' L I v m i
N a m , nhu Luat Quy hoach dd thj nam 2009 ddi vdi djch vu quy hach dd thi va kifen true canh quan; Luat Kifem toan dde l^p nam 2011, Luat Ke toan nam 2005 ddi vdi djeh vy kfe toan, kifem toan va ghi sd ke toan;
L u | t Luat su nam 2006 (siia ddi, bd sung nam 2012) ddi vdi djch vu phap ly; Luat Cac td chiic tin dyng nam 2010 (siia ddi, bd sung nJm 2017) ddi vdi dich vu ngan hang; Luat Kinh doanh bao hifem nam 2000 (siia ddi, bd sung nam 2010) dd'i vdi dich vy bao hifem; Luat Quang eao nam 2012 ddi vdi djeh vy quang cao; Luat Khoa hge va cdng ngh?
nam 2013 dd'i vdi djch vy nghifen cdu va phat trifen ddi vdi khoa hgc ty nhifen; Luat Giao dye dai hgc nam 2012 (stfa ddi, bd sung nam 2014, 2015) ddi vdi djch vy giao dye hac cao; Luat Kham bfenh, chua bfenh nam 2009 ddi vdi djch vy bfenh vifen, djch vu nha khoa va kham bfenh;
Bd luat Hang hai nam 2015 ddi vdi djch vy bao dudng va siia chua tau hifen cung nhU djeh vy dai ly tau hifen; Lujt Hang khdng dan dyng nam 2006 (siia ddi, bd sung nam 2014) ddi vdi djch vu van chuyfen hang khdng hay dich vy ban va tifep thi san p h i m hang k h d n g . . . Di kem vdi cac van ban lu^t nay, Chinh phti va cac cO quan khac nhau trUc thudc Chinh phii cdng da ban hanh mdt sd van ban dudi luat dfe cu thfe hda cac quy djnh dugc ndi luat hda, nha't la lifen quan de^n cae difeu kien kinh doanh va trinh ty, thii tyc dang ky kinh doanh.
Dd'i vdi cdc quy dinh vd cam kit cUa Viit Nam ve sd huu tri tui, Vifet N a m da ndi luat hda cac quy dinh nay vao trong Lujt Sd hUu tri tue nam 2005 (siia ddi, bd sung nam 2009). Rifeng dd'i vdi mdt sd quy dinh vfe sd h a u tri tufe trong C P T P P , trong thdi gian tdi, Vifet Nam se phai siia ddi Luat Sd huu tri tufe, Bd luat Hinh sU nam 2015 (siia ddi, bd sung nam 2017) va Bd luat T d tung hinh sy nam 2015 dfe bao dam sy tUdng thich ciia ndi lu^t vdi cac quy dinh dd.
Su khdng thdng nhat vfe hinh thdc van ban dfe ndi luat hda cac cam ket eua Vifet Nam cd the tao ra sy hnh ho^t dfe Vifet Nam cd thfe chuyfen hda cac cam kfe't mdt each phU hgp vdi difeu kiSn va hoan canh thuc tfe ctia Vifet Nam. Tuy nhien, ngugc lai, difeu nay cd thfe tao nen sU phUc tap dd'i vdi doanh nghifep trong qua trinh ap dung, khi ho khdng thfe biet mdt each ehinh xac van ban quy pham phap luat nao da chuyen hda cam kfe't nao cua Vifet Nam.
Thvt hai, cdc cam kit khdng dupc ndi ludt hda ddng thdi, md nguac lg.i, rdi rdc d nhiiu thdi diim khde nhau
Ve ed ban, cae quy dinh vfe thufe', han ngach hay quy tic x u i t xU thudng dugc chuyen hda kha nhanh chdng vao ndi luat ngay khi cac FTA cd hifeu luc. Trong mdt sd trudng hdp, van ban ndi luat hda ciia Vifet N a m cdn dUdc ban hanh sdm trudc khi FTA ed hieu luc, nhu
CAC FTA THE HE MOI CtTA V I £ T NAM 23 T h d n g tu sd 4 0 / 2 0 1 5 / T T - B C T ciia Bd Cdng thudng ngay 18/11/2015
quy dinh thuc hifen quy tae x u i t xd trong Hiep dinh ThUdng mai ty do Vifet N a m - Han Q u d e : T h d n g tU nay dugc ban hanh ngay 18/11/2015 trong khi VKFTA chinh thiic cd hifeu luc vao ngay 20/12/2015.-'' Difeu tUdng tu cung xay ra dd'i vdi T h d n g tu sd 21/2016/TT-BCT^^ Hfen quan dfe'n vifec ndi luat hda cac quy djnh vfe x u i t xU hang hda trong EAEUFTA.
T u y nhifen, dd'i vdi mgt sd linh vUc khac, nhat la thuong mai djch vu, viee chuyfen hda thUdng khdng duoc tifen hanh ddng thdi, ma rai rac vao nhieu thdi difem khac nhau. Vi du, vdi djch vu phap ly, cac dieu kifen lien quan dfe'n hifen difen thUdng mai dUdc ndi luat hda lan dau vad nam 2006, sau dd dUdc siia ddi bd sung vao nam 2012. H d n nUa, ddi vdi dich vu nay, chi khi dugc siia ddi vao nam 2012, Lug-t Luat sU mdi chuyfen hda hoan toan va d'ay dii vfe cac hinh thdc hifen diSn thUdng mg.i ma Vifet Nam da cam kfe't cho cac td chdc hanh nghfe luat sU nUde ngoai. Ddi vdi dieh vy kfe tdan, phai ddi dfe'n nam 2015, cac cam kfet cua Vifet Nam vfe hnh vUc nay mdi dUdc chuyfen hda vao phap lu^t trong nUdc. Sip tdi, Viet Nam cUng se ndi lujt hda cam kfe't vfe tiich vy kien true bang quy dinh trong Luat Kife'n tnic ma ban du thao da dUde dUa ra lay y kifen.
N h u vay, vifec ndi luat hda rai rac va cd dd trfe vfe m5.t thdi gian cd the gay ra nhung khd khan cho vifec tife'p can thi trUdng Vifet Nam, n h i t la ddi vdi cac td chUc kinh doanh djch vu chuyfen mdn nUdc ngoai. Khi cac dieu kien vfe tife'p can thi trUdng trong cic FTA chua duoc ngi luat hda, nha dau tU nudc ngoai se khd cd thfe yfeu cUu cac c6 quan quan ly nha nUdc cho phep hoac eho dang ky kinh danh nhOng nganh nghfe dd.
Thii ba, xde dinh ph^m vi dp di^ng ciia cdc van ban quy pham phdp ludt ndi ludt hda FTA
Vfe cd ban, cac quy dinh cua FTA cd pham vi ap dyng gidi ban cho cac giao dich thUdng mai giOa Vifet Nam vdi cac ddi tac ma Vifet Nam da ky kfet FTA. D o dd, nfeu trong qua trinh ngi luat hda, nha lam luat khdng xae djnh rd pham vi ap dung ciia van ban ndi lujt hda, thi cd thfe d i n dfe'n nguy cd md rdng pham vi ap dyng eda cac quy djnh trong FTA eho ca nhdng giao djch thUdng mai giUa Vifet Nam vdi cac qudc gia khdng phai la thanh vifen cila FTA dd. N d i each khac, cac du dai ma Viet N a m danh chd ddi t i c theo mdt FTA cu thfe se cd thfe dyge md Thdng bao sd 5 9 / 2 0 1 5 / T B - L P Q T cua Bd Ngoai giao ngay 20/9/2016 vfe vide difeu udc qudc cd cd hifeu lye.
Thdng M sd 21/2016/TT-BCT ciia Bd Cdng thuong n ^ y 20/09/2016 quy djnh thuc hifen quy tac xu^t xii hang hda trong Hi$p dinh Thuong mai ty do giCa Viet Nam va Lifen minh kmh tfe A - Au, Thdng tu nay dUdc ban hanh n ^ y 20/09/2016 trong khi EAEFTA cd hifeu lye tii n ^ y 05/10/2016 (xem Thdng bao sd 50/2016/TB-LPQT c^a Bd Ngoai giao n ^ y 12/08/2016 vfe vifec difeu udc qudc tfe ed hifeu Ktc).
2 4 T A P C H i KHOA H p c PHAP LY VIET N A M SO 03(lZ4j/.i»^
rdng ap dyng cho cac ddi tac khac.
Trfen thyc tfe, nhifeu van ban ndi luat hda FTA cua Vifet Nam deu chi rd pham vi ap dyng phii hgp vdi FTA duoe ndi luat hda. T u y nhien, nhifeu van ban luat ham ehda cac quy dinh dfe ndi luat hda cac cam kfe't ciia Vifet Nam vfe djch vu trong W T O hay trong cac FTA dfeu khdng ham chUa difeu khoan loai trU vifec ap dung cac cam kfet dd cho cac qudc gia khdng phai la thanh vifen ciia W T O hay ciia FTA. Difeu nay vd hinh trung cho phep cac nha diau tU nUdc ngoai dfen tii cac qudc gia khdng phai la thanh vifen W T O hay ciia FTA ma Vifet N a m tham gia dfeu c6 thfe dugc hudng cac Uu dai ma Viet Nam da danh eho cac Thanh vifen cila W T O hay FTA.
C u n g can lUu y la mdt sd FTA ma Vifet N a m ky kfet thdi gian vUa qua ham chUa difeu khoan tdi hufe qudc tu ddng (Automatic Most Favoured Nation, M F N ty ddng).^^ Difeu nay cd nghia la bat ky Uu dai nao ma Vifet Nam danh eho mdt ddi tac thudc mdt FTA nao dd ma cao hdn so vdi cic Uu dai ma Vifet Nam danh cho cac ddi tac thudc FTA cd difeu khoan M F N tU ddng thi cac Uu dai cao hon dd se ty ddng dddc ap dyng cho cac ddi tac thudc FTA cd difeu khoan M F N tu ddng dd. Day cung la difeu ma Viet N a m c'an luu y khi xae dinh pham vi ap dung ciia cac van ban quy pham phap luat ndi lu^t hda FTA.
Thii tu, mdt sd quy dinh phdp lu4t trong nudc, sau khi ndi ludt hda, chua tuang thich hode chua chuyin hda ddy dti cdc cam kit ciia Viit Nam trong FTA
6 trudng hgp nay, cd thfe liy mdt sd vi dy hfen quan cac quy djnh vfe phdng vfe thugng m^i va vfe cam kfet djch vy ciia Vifet Nam trong cac FTA.
Liin quan din cdc quy dinh ve phong vi thuong m&i, cic quy dinh ve phdng vfe thUdng mai trong cac FTA ciia Viet N a m ve ed ban deu duoc xay dyng trfen cd sd cac quy dinh cua W T O . " D o dd cd thfe coi vifec ban Bao gdm ATIGA, EAEUFTA va EVFTA. Vi du, difeu 5 ciia ATIGA quy dinh:
"Liin quan din thui nhdp khdu, sau khi Hiip dinh nay co hiiu luc, niu mdt qudc gia Thdnh viin ky kit mdt Hiip dinh ndo vdi mdt qudcgia khdngphdi Id Thanh uiin ASEAN vdi cam kit thudn lpi han cam kit trong Hiip dinh ndy, cdc qudc gia Thdnh vi&n khde co quyin yiu cdu ddm phdn vdi qudc gia Thanh vi&n do di yiu cdu ddnh ddi xd khdng kem thudn lpi hon ddi xii ddnh trong hiip dinh noi trin. Quyit dmh ddnh uu ddi thui quan do se dupc dua ra trin co sd don phuong. Uu ddi thui do si dupc ddnh cho tat cd cdc qudc gia Thdnh min". Xem thfem difeu 2.1, di^u 8.15 eiia EAEUFTA; difeu 8.6 cila EVFTA.
Ngoai ttti CPTPP khi hifep dinh nay ham chiia mdt sd quy djnh mdi so vdi W T O va cic FTA khac, dd ^ cac quy djnh hfen quan dfe'n bien phap ty vfe toan e'lu hay tU vfe trong chdi gian chuyfen cifep. Xem: USTrade, "6. Trade Remeiiies", hrtpsV/uscr.gov/sites/
default/fiies/TPP-Chapter-Summary-Trade-Remedies pdf, truy cap ngiy 20/12/2018;
Dukgeun Ahn & Je Yeong Yoo, ' T P P Trade Remedy System: Development or Divergence from che WTO?", in Julien Chaisse, Henry Gao & Chang-& Lo (eds.), Paradigm Shift in International Economic Law Rule-Making, Sprmger, 2017, pp 57 - 69.
CAC FTA T H £ H $ MCH CtTA VI$T NAM 25 hanh cac phap lenh trong cac nam 2002 va 2004^^ da giiip Vifet Nam ndi
luat hda cac quy dinh cd hfen quan ciia W T O va ciia cac FTA da cd hifeu lye. Dfe'n n i m 2017, qua trinh chuyfen hda dUdc tifep tuc vdi vifec Vifet N a m ban hanh Luat Quan ly ngoai thUdng nam 2017 vdi nhifeu quy djnh cy thfe hda hdn so vdi cac phap Ifenh tnidc dd, nham bao dam thuc thi tdt hdn eae cam ket cd hfen quan ciia Vifet Nam.^^ Tuy v^y, cd thfe thiy Luat Q u I n ly ngoai thuong nam 2017 va van ban hudng din dUdi lu^t v i n ham chiJa mdt sd difem chua tUdng thich hdac chua chuyfen hda d'ay dii cae quy dinh eiia W T O va FTA vfe phdng vfe thUdng mai. Cd thfe kfe dfe'n mdt sd trydng hgp dudi day:
- Difeu 23 cua Nghi dinh sd 1 0 / 2 0 1 8 / N D - C P quy djnh chi tifet mdt sd difeu ciia Lu^t Quan ly ngoai thddng vfe cac bifen phap phdng vfe thUdng m^i dUa ra nhifeu tifeu chi dfe xac djnh thifet hai dang kfe cCia nganh san xuat trong nUdc t^i cac difem a, b va c ctia khoan 1. Can luu y !a cae tifeu chi duoc the hifen trong difem c chUa chuyfen hda mdt each d'ay dii eae tifeu chi dugc nfeu t£ti difeu 3.4 eda Hifep dinh ehdng ban pha gia ciia WTO^" va cac quy djnh tUdng ty trong cac FTA da cd hifeu lye ciia Vifet N a m .
- Difeu 91 khoan 1 ciia Lu^t Quan ly ngoai thuong nam 2017 ehUa ndi luat hda d'ay dii khai nifem vfe bifen phap tu vfe theo difeu X I X ciia G A T T nam 1994, Di'eu 1 ciia Hiep dinh Tu vfe ciia W T O ^ ' va quy djnh tUdng tu trong cac FTA. C u n g can lUu y la vi vifec hifeu chua day du cac
"ye'u td cau thanh" hitn phap ty vfe theo quy dinh ciia W T O ma Vifet N a m da khdng thanh cdng khi khdi kifen Indonesia trong vy tranh chip lifen quan dfe'n cac bifen phap ty ve ma Indonesia ap dung Ifen tdn lanh nhap khau til Viet Nam.^^
Liin quan din cdc cam kit ciia Viit Nam vi thuang mcfi dich vv (gdm cac cam kfet vfe tifep can thi trUdng va ddi xr( qudc gia), day la linh vUc ma phap luat ngi dia, sau khi ndi luat hda cac cam kfe't, thfe hifen nhifeu
Eao gbm Phap Ifenh vfe cu vfe trong nhap k h i u hang hda nudc ngoai vao Vifet N a m nam 2002; Phap lenh C h d n g ban pha gia hang hda nhap khiu vao Vifet N a m nam 2004 va Phap lenh Chdng trO eip hang hda nhap khau vao Vifec Nam nam 2004.
Tb Crinh sd 3 8 1 / T T r - C P ctia Chfnh phil n ^ y 07/10/2016 v"e Du ^n Lult Quan ly ngoai thuong, tr. 18 - 19,
Nguyfen Ngoc Ha, "Thde trang dieu tra chd'ng ban pha gia ciia Viec Nam va nhOng vin dfe d^C ra", Tap chi Ludt hfc, sd 9 (220), 2018, tr. 32-45,
Nguyfen Ngoc Ha, "Bai hpc kinh nghifem tfl vu khdi kifen Indonesia ap dyng bifen phap ti^ ve ddi vdi tdn lanh nh^p khiu cU Vifec Nam", Tap chi Nhd nudc vd phdp ludt, s d l l (367), 2018, tr. 73 - 85.
Indonesia - Safeguard on Certain Iron or Steel Products, W T / D S 4 9 6 .
26 TAP CHI KHOA HOC PHAP LY VIET NAM SO 03(124)/^»i;
difem khdng tUdng thich vdi cic cam kfet.^^ NgUdi vifet da tiing chi ra nhifeu difem chua tUdng thich cua phap luat Vifet N a m khi chuyfen hda mdt sd cam kfet vfe dich vu chuyfen mdn (nhu dich vy phap ly, dich vu thufe', dich vy kfe toan, kifem toan, ghi sd kfe toan...) ciia Vifet Nam trong W T O va trong cac FTA.^* Ben eanh dd, mdt sd van ban phap luat trong nudc khi ndi luat hda cac cam ket ddi vdi mdt sd dich vy khac cung the hifen su khdng tUOng thich vdi cac cam kfet do. Vi du:
- Difeu 41 ciia Luat Quang cao nam 2012 chua tUdng thich vdi cam kfe't eda Vifet Nam vfe djch vy quang cao (CPC 871). Difeu 41 yfeu c^u van phdng dai difen dUde ho^t ddng khi ed giiy phep ciia T^y ban nhan dan d p tinh ndi doanh nghifep nudc ngoai dfe nghi thanh lap van phdng d p difen. Quy dinh xin giay phfep nay khdng dUOc ap dung cho trUdng hgp doanh nghiap quang cao Vifet Nam thanh lap van phdng dai difen, do dd, chUa tUdng thieh vdi cam kfet ciia Vifec Nam vfe nghia vu ddi xii qudc gia trong cac FTA khi Vifet N a m khdng dUa ra bat ky ban chfe nao CO lifen quan.
- Difeu 11 ciia Luat Khoa hoc va cdng nghfe nam 2013 chua tUOng thieh vdi nghia vy ciia Vifet N a m vfe djch vu nghifen cdu va phat trien ddi vdi khoa hpc tu nhifen (CPC851). Khoan 3 Difeu 11 ra nhieu difeu kifen ddi vdi vifec thanh l^p td chile khoa hgc va cdng nghfe cd vdn nUde ngoai, trong dd cd difeu kien vfe vi^e dugc Bd trudng Bd Khoa hgc va C d n g nghfe cho phep thanh lap va dude Uy ban nhan dan d p tinh chd phep dat try sd lam viee tai dia phuong. Cae di'feu kifen nay khdng duge ap dyng cho vifec thanh lap td ehdc khoa hgc va edng ngh6 cd vdn trong nUdc. T r o n g khi dd, theo cam ket eua Vifet N a m vfe dich vu nghien edu va phat trifen dd'i vdi khoa hge tu nhifen trong mdt sd FTA va W T O , Vifet N a m khdng dUa ra b i t ky h^n ehe nao ve nghia vu ddi xil qudc gia d phUdng thdc ba. Do dd, quy dinh tai Di'feu 11 khoan 3 ciia Luat Khoa hge va C d n g nghfe nam 2013 chUa tUdng thich vdi nghia vu ciia Vifet N a m vfe ddi xti qud'c gia.
- Difeu 242 Bd luat Hang hai nam 2015 chua tUOng thich vdi cam kfet eiia Vifet Nam vfe dieh vu dai ly tau bifen (CPC 748). Difeu 242 yeu dau doanh nghifep cd vdn diu tu nude ngoai khi kinh doanh djch vy CJln luu y la cheo Nghi quyfec sd 72/2018/QH14, cac cam keC ciia Vifet Nam theo Phy luc I va II vfe cac bifen phap khdng tUOng thich ciia CPTPP duoc ap dyng trUc tife'p. Do dd, cac cam ke't nay khdng can phai duoc chuyen hda va vin dfe tuong thich ciia phap luic trong nUdc vdi cam k^t ciia Vifet Nam vfe dich vu trong CPTPP khdng cdn la mdc vin dfe chuc sU quan trgng.
Nguyen Ngoc Ha, "Ndi lult hda cac cam kdc ciia Vifet nam theo Td chiic Thuong mai thd gidi v^ cac Hifep dinh thuOng mai cy do vfe mdt sd dich vu chuyfen mdn", T^p chi Nhd nudc vd phdp ludt, sd 9 (365), 2018, tr. 64 - 74.
^ . ^ ^ ^..^ ^xxx^iiy n.v^i i^OA VIST NAM 27 dai ly tau bifen phai bao dam p h i n vdn gdp theo quy dinh. Theo Nghj
dinh sd 1 6 0 / 2 0 1 6 / N D - C P vfe dieu kifen kinh doanh van tai bien, kmh doanh dieh vy dai ly tau bifeu va dich vu lai dit tau bien, ty Ife gdp vdn ciia nha d i u tu nudc ngoai trong doanh nghifep la khdng qua 49% vdn di'feu Ife. Difeu nay ed nghia la nha d i u tu nudc ngoai khdng thfe thanh lap doanh nghifep 100% vdn d'au tu nudc ngoai trong linh vyc nay. Day la quy dinh chua tydng thieh vdi cam kfe't cila Vifet N a m trong cac FTA khi Vifet N a m khdng dua ra ba^t ky han chfe nao ddi vdi phuong thdc hifen difen thUdng mai...
Trfen day chi la mdt sd vi dy vfe vifec vifec cac quy dinh ciia phap luat trdng nUdc, sau khi ndi luat hda FTA, khdng tUdng thich vdi cac FTA. Difeu nay d i n dfe'n nguy cd Viet N a m khdng tuan thu hoan toan cac cam kfet ciia minh theo cac FTA. Cd the l^p luan r i n g theo Dieu 6.1 eda Luat Difeu Udc qudc tfe nam 2016, cae quy dinh ciia FTA se dugc Uu tifen ap dyng khi quy dinh eda ndi luat khac vdi quy djnh cua FTA.
T r o n g m d t sd trudng hgp cy the, eo quan ed tham quyfen ciia Vifet N a m da ap dyng quy dinh cua difeu Udc theo diing tinh than nay.^^ NgUdc lai, cung khdng loai trU kha nang cO quan nha nUdc chi ap dyng quy djnh ciia ndi lusit dfe gay "khd dfe" cho nha d'au tU nUdc ngoai.^^ Ddng thdi, difeu nay khdng thfe loai trU trudng hgp Vifet Nam cd thfe bj khdi kifen ddi vdi cac bifen phap khdng phy thudc vao sU ap dyng ciia bifen phap dd (measures as such) nhu trong cd chfe giai quyfe't tranh chip eda W T O .
3 . K i ^ n n g h i va k ^ t luSn
Cac phan tich d trfen cho t h i y tti quy djnh eda phap luat vfe chuyfen hda dieu tide ndi chung dfe'n thye tifen chuyfen hda cac quy djnh eiia FTA vao ngi luat, Viet N a m da gap phai mdt sd van dfe ma Vifet Nam c'an giai quyfe't dfe bao dam tuan thu day dii cac cam kfet ciia minh. Dfe lam dddc difeu nay, ngUdi vifet cho rang cac cd quan c6 thIm quyfen cua Vifet N a m can luu y mdt sd v i n dfe sau day:
- Tuan thd d'ay dii cic quy djnh eda Luat Difeu Udc qudc tfe nam 2016 va Luat Ban hanh van ban quy pham phap luat nam 2015 dfe bao dam ed n h a n g danh gia chinh xac vfe nhung quy djnh trong d e FTA c'an dugc ndi luat hda cUng nhu b i o dam sU tUdng thich ciia phap luat trong nUdc khi ndi luat hda FTA.
- T h u d n g xuyfen ra soat, danh gia tinh tUOng thieh cua phap luat trong nudc va difeu udc qudc tfe thudc linh vyc quan ly cua minh theo quy trinh ra soat dUdi sU chii tri cua Bd Tu phap hoac trong qua trinh ban hanh van ban quy pham phap luat.
~^ Nhu tnidng h:?p ciia C^ic Quan ly c^nh tranh Crong vy vific difeu tra chfing ban pha gia ddi vdi chep khftng gi can iigufli.
^ Pham Thi Hai Yfen, tldd
TAP CHI KHOA F i v ^
- Phdi hdp chat che vdi Bd T u phap, Bd Ngo^i giao cung nhU cac Bd chuyfen nganh de bao dam qua trinh chuyfen hda FTA k h d n g gay ra khd k h i n , can trd cho ho^it ddng e^a doanh nghifep, nha't la ddi vdi cac nha d i u tu nudc ngoai, eung nhu xem xet chuyfen hda FTA theo hUdng cai each mdi trUdng d'au tu va k m h doanh eda Vifet N a m .
Cd thfe t h i y vifec chuyfen hda FTA vao ndi l u l t khdng phai la mdt edng vifec ddn gian. N g u g c lai, nd ddi hdi sU tham gia va ddng hanh ciia nhifeu cd quan nha nudc cd t h l n i quyfen cdng nhu eiia cdng ddng ddanh nghifep. T r d n g thdi gian vUa qua, vfe cd ban, qua trinh nay da dUOc Vifet N a m thuc hifen kha tdt. T u y nhifen, mdt sd tdn t^i nhu da phan tich d cac m u c nfeu trfen cd the tao thanh cic thich thdc tUdng lai dd'i vdi Viet N a m , dac bifet khi Vifet N a m budc vao giai doan thyc thi mdt sd FTA thfe h6 m d i quan trong n h u C P T P P tti dau nam 2019 va EVFTA trong tUdng lai gan. D o dd, day la nhUng van de ma Viet N a m can quan tam dfe xd ly triSt dfe trong thdi gian tdi. •
Tai H^u t h a m khao
[1] N g d Qudc Chife'n, " Q u a n dii^m ciia Toa an Cdng ly chau Au ngay 16/05/2017 vfe Hifep dinh T h u o n g mai CU do giQa Lifen minh chau Au va Singapore: N d i dung chinh va cac tac ddng", Tap chi Khoa hocphdp ly, sd 04 (116), 2018 [crans:
N g o Quoc Chien, "Opinion of the European Court of Justice of 16 May 2017;
Mam content and Effects", Legal Science Journal, n". 04 (116), 2018]
[2] Nguyfen Ngoc Ha, "Bai hgc kinh nghifem tfl vy khdi ki^n Indonesia ap dyng bifen phap t4 ve ddi vdi tdn l^nh nh^p khdu tif VifeC N a m " , Tap chi Nhd nudc vd phdp ludt. sd 11 (367), 2018 [Crans' Nguyen Ngoc Ha, "Lessons from the case Indonesia — Safeguard on Certain Iron or Steel Products", State and Law Review, n". 11 (367), 2018]
[3] Nguyfen Ngoc Ha, " N d i lu^t hda cic cam ke'C ciia Viet nam theo Td chtic T h u o n g m^i Thfe gidi va cac Hiep djnh thuong mai tu do ve mpt sd dich vu chuyfen m d n " . Tap chi Nhd nudc vd phdp ludt. sd 9 (365), 2018 [trans: Nguyen Ngoc Ha, "Transposition of Vietnam's commicments on W T O and FTAs' certain professional services". State and Law Review, n" 9 (365), 2018]
[4] Nguyfen Ngoc Ha, "Thyc trgng dieu tra chdng ban pha gid eiia Vifet N a m vit nhung v i n 'dfe dac ra", Tap chi Ludt hpc, sd 9 (220), 2018 [trans; Nguyen Ngoc Ha, "Situation of Vietnam's antidumping investigations and some issues raised", Jurisprudence Journal, 2018, n". 9 (220), 2018]
[5] Tr^n HUu Duy Minh, "Hifeu lUe phap Iy va vifec ap dyng difeu ude qudc te d Vifet N a m " , Tap chi Ludt hpc, sd 3, 2016 [trans: Tran Huu Duy Minh, "Legal effects and appheation of treaties in Vietnam", Jurisprudence Journal, n". 3, 2016]
[6] Nguyfen T h j T u d n g Van, "Win dfe ap dung CriJc tifep difeu Udc qudc t^ va quy dinh cila phap lu^t Vifet Nam vfe ap dyng cruc Cife'p difeu udc qudc Cfe", T/}p chi Ludt hoc, sd 11 (186), 2015 [trans. Nguyen Thi Tuong Van, "DirecC appheation of treadty and Vietnamese rules on direct application of treary". Jurisprudence Journal, n". 11 (186), 2015]
