DINH DUdNG \A THUC AN CHA
ANH HlTONG CilA VIEC THAY THE THi/C .\N HON HOP BANG CAM MIN U MEN LEN SINH TRUONG CUA
VIT HOA LAN GIAI DOAN 0-7 TUAN 1 UOI
Pbiun Tdn Mid' N g a y n h a n bai bao: 14/06/2019 - \ g a \ ' nh^in bai p h a n bi.;'n 29/LK'/2019
\ f ; a \ bai bao d u p c c h a p n h ^ n d a n g : 22/11/20N TOM T A T
Nghien o i u d u p c tich hanh nh5m \ a c dinh sy anh hirimg ciia viOc ih,u the thuc Sn hon h p p biing cam nun u men len sy tSng truang a i a vH Hoa Lan giai doon 0-7 tuan luin Tlii nghipm d u p c bo tri then lhi- thirc hoan toan ngau nhien vdi 3 nghiem thtic va 3 lan l | p lai \,t;hiC-m thiic (NT) 1 IJ khau yhan cu so (KPCS: lOO-?,. thuc 5n hon hpp): N T2 la 70"',, KI'CS+30% cam miii u men; NT3 la 40'.. Kl'CS+hH ",. cam min ii men. Kel qua cho Ihay \ | t Hiia Lan o N'r2 co TKL cao nha't la 43.18 g/
con/ngay (P<0,05). Khoi lupng d?t d u p c khi T \ kit thiJc co sy khac bi?t v nghia thong ke giira cac
\ 1 1,2,3 lan lupl la 2.050. 2 170 va ] 4(^1 g.con {P<:0,05). Ticu ton thuc iin o NTI, NT2, NT3 lan lupt la 124.3,141.72 v j 150 : s ^ con n^a\ Xet Ve HSCHTA thi TN o NTI thap nhat la 3,05kg thiic an/kg TKL: cao nha't d NT.-^ la ''^8(lk^; ihiu an ki; TKL \'c hiC'u qua kinh te thi o X H co hi?u qua cao nhat la 22";> \'oi lpi nhuan la 14 200 dong, con N h u v<iy KP till mi cho vjt Hda Lan giai do^in 0-7 tuan tuoi d u p c nudi KP 40".> KPCS+60% cam mm u men.
Tir khoa: Vtt Hoa Lun, edin win ii chua, thirc in hon lurp.
ABSTRACT
The effect of replacing concentrate by fermented bran on the growth of Hoa Lan duck in the period of 0-7 week of age
The study was conducted to determine Uic ctlect of replacing concentrate by fermented bran on the growth of Hoa Lan duck m the period of 0-7 week of age. Il was a complete randomized i,lc--ii;n wilh 3 treatments ( \ T ) corresponding to 3 Jicts and 3 replications. The treatment 1 (NTI) was basic diet (KPCS: 100% concentrate); treatment 2 (NT2) was 70% KPCS+30% fermented bran;
treatment 3 (NT3) \v.is 40% KPCS+60"n fermented bran. The results shown that the highest daily weight gain in XT2 was 4.1,18 g/duck/day ( P O 05), The final livf weight was significantly different (P<0.05) for the 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments, and they were 2,050, 2,170 va 1,963 g/duck, respectively (P<0.05) The daily average intakes of 1, 2 and 3 treatments were 124.3,141.72 va 150,28 g/duck/day (P<0.05). The lowest feed conversion ratio m N i l was 3.05 kg feed/kg weight gain and highest in NT3 w.is 3.86kg teed/kg weight gain. The highest economic efficiency in NT3 was 22% with profit 14,200 D/duck It \% as concluded that the l>est diel of Hoa Lan duck in period 0-7 week of age was 40"» KPC5+60".. femiented bran-
Keywords: lioa Lan duck, fermented nce bran, concentrate.
1. DAT VAN DI^ ciia n g a n h c h a n c h u 6 i . C h a n n u o i gia ca m not N u d e ta la m g t n u d c cd n e n k i n h te n o n g e h u n g va c h a n n u 6 i thiiy c a m ndi r i e n g d a n g . . . 1 -, , •- • • J - - L • - la xu the p h a t trien m a n h ciia n h i e u aud'c c i a n g h i e p p h a t t n e n , n g u o i d a n s o n g c h u v e u . . . . . . . . , • n n n - u q u u c gia
•• [^ L - . - ^ » • u - -•' ^r '""^^ * ^ gioi n h a m t a n g tv t r p n e ciia n e i m h s o n g b a n g n g h e t r o n g tipt va c h a n n u o i . V. ^han m.ni t m n . r , A . . . 1 ; L ^ vav. t r o n g n h i i n g n a m q u a N h a n u d e d a cd n u d i t r o n g n d n g n g h i p p .
n h i e u c h i n h sach n h i m tiuic d a y s u p h a t h i e n ^ „ ^^^"^ " " « ' ^^^V '^^'"^ ' a "^P* " g ^ e t r u y e n t h o n g lau dcri ciia n o n g d a n Viet N a m . N h d 'Trucmg Dai hoc Can Tho CO n h i e u d i e u kipn s i n h thai t h u a n lgi n e n Viet
• Tac gia hen he TS Pham Tan Nha • Khoa None; N^iep . . , ,. , . , '^ _, ^ - Trw-np Dai hpc Can Tho. Tp Can Tho Di?n dioai ^^f" CO n e n e h a n n u o i t h u y Cam d u n g t h i i iMs.=.^iz?ti4 Email: ptnha«ciu-edu-vn hai t r e n t h e gidi t r o n g n h i e u n a m q u a , T r o n g
74 KHKT Chdn nuoi ,vo 255 - thdng 3 nam 21)20
D I N H D L f d N G VA THtTC A N C H A N N U O I
chSn nuoi thiiy cam chii ye'u la chan nu6i vjt. VU dupc chan nudi ra't pho bie'n 6 viing dong bang s6ng Ciixi Long do cd he sd'ng ao ho, kenh rgch chang chit va vya liia lan nha't ca mrdc nen vipc chan nuoi vit rat phat trien de tgn dyng dupc nhieu nguon thiic an tren nhiing eanh dong nhu lua rcri sau thu hoach, cac lo?i thuy sinh {ea, cua, 6'c...), con triing va thlic an khae (rong reu, cay cd). Vit la mgt loai de nudi, it bpnh va cae san pham ciia vit ciing da dang nhu thit, tning, long va phan.
De tai dugc thuc hien nham xac dinh khau phan thiic an hdn hgp thay the'bang cam min u men thieh hpp de cd hipu qua kinh te cao nha't, de Iam co sd cho viec xay dyng cdng thlic thlic an phii hpp vol gid'ng vit Hda Lan giai dogn 0-7 tuan tuoi va tii' do phd" bie'n cho nhiing hp chan nu6i.
2 . VAT L I £ U V A PHinJNG P H A P N 6 H | £ N CliTU
2.1. Dia diem va thcfi gian thi nghipm
Thi nghipm (TN) du'gc tie'n hanh tai xa Hoa Hung, huypn Giong Rieng, tinh Kien Giang, tix thang 08/2018 de'n thang 10/2018.
2.2. Vat lipu nghien cmi
Thi nghiem dugc tie'n hanh tren vit Hoa Lan {0-7 tuan tuoi) vdi so' lugng la 90 con, dupc mua til- Id a'p vit tai dia phuang. Vit khi dua vao TN cd khd'i lugng tuong dd'i dong deu.
Chuong trai cd mai chuong dugc lgp bang la. Nen ehuong bang phang khdng gd ghe, dugc lot bang trau vdi dp day td'i thieu la Scm.
Giiia cac 6 TN dugc ngan each vdi nhau bang luai eao khoang 30cm. Dien tieh mdi 6 (2xlm).
Thlic an tru'oc khi cho vit an phai dem trpn vdi cam min li men theo ty le ciia cac KP TN, thlic an nen sir dung het trong ngay khdng nen de qua lau se anh hudng de'n chat Iugng va dan de'n tinli trang moc Iam anh hudng deh sue khde vit nudi. Muc dich ciia vipc li cam la lam eho nhung chat kho tieu hda nhu cellulose sau qua trinh len men lai mem hon hoac chuyen sang trang thai khae cho vit de Keu hda va ha'p thu.
Cach u cam min voi men tieu hda: trgn deu 0,5kg men Bio Prozyme vdi 5kg cam min, tie'p theo cho khoang 2-31 nudc vao roi trpn deu va xoa cho tdi khi ta bdp tha'y cam dinh lai khdng bi roi ra. Sau dd eho vao tiii ni long hoac thimg rd'i bugc chat hoac day kin thiing lai khong dugc de cho khdng khi chui vao dupc (u ye'm khi). De me li d noi kho rao thoang mat, cd the sir dyng sau 48h. Khi lay cam u cho vit an se cd miii thom va chua nhp, me u nen sir dyng trong 1-2 ngay vl khi su- dung lau tlii il duge md ra nhieu lan se lam cho TA xua't hien eae dd'm trSng anh hudng de'n me li va su tieu hda ciia vit. Thi nghipm sir dung loai TAHH ciia Anco giai dogn 1-21 ngay tud'i va giai doan tie'p theo sir dyng TA Anco giai doan 22 ngay tu6i de'n xua't ehuong.
2.3. Bo tri thi nghiem
Hii nghiem duge bo' tri hoan toan ngau nhien vdi 3 nghiem thiie (NT), mdi NT co 3 lan tap lai, td'ng cpng ed 9 d va mdi 6 TN dugc nudi 10 eon. Tong dan vit TN la 90 con duge nudi trong 7 tuan vdi kho'i lugng ban dau la 54,4g.
NTI (KPCS): 100% thiic an hon hgp.
NT2: 70%KPCS+30% cam min u men.
NT3: 40%KPCS+60% cam min ii men.
* Tieu ton tlurc an: Can lupng thtic an an vao va can lupng thiic an thira hang ngay de xac dinh lugng thiic an tieu thy.
* Tdng kbdi luang (TKL-g/con/ngay): Dugc xae dinh bang each can timg con vit trude khi tie'n hanh TN de xac dinh KL ban dau, sau dd can vao eud'i mdi tuan va liic ke't thue TN.
* Hi so' chuyen hda thirc dn (HSCHTA):
Dupc tinh bang each lay so lupng thiic an an vao trong giai doan ehia eho tang kho'i lupng theo giai doan.
2.4. Xii Iy so lieu
Sd' lieu duge xii' ly so bp bang chuong trinh Excel (2010) va phan tieh phuong sai theo m6 hinh tuye'n tinh td'ng quat (GLM) tren phan mem Minitab 16.2. Sii' dyng phep thir "Tukey de so sanh su khae biet thong ke giiia cac trung binh nghiem thiic vdi dp tin cay 95%.
KHKT Chdn nuoi so 255 - thdng 3 ndm 2020
75
D I N H D U d N G VA T H U C AN C H . \ ^ '
3. K B QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. T h a n h p h a n d i n h d u o n g ciia t h i i c a n d i i n g t r o n g fhi n g h i & m
Bang 1. TTianh p h a n d i n h d i r o n g ciia thiic an h o n h p p ciia c d n g ty Anco T h a n h p h . < n n n l - ? 1 n l 2 ; n l A C Protein Iho, ".. 20,1 1 " : Xo Iho. % h.9 ^ 7 P l o n g so', "^, (1,86 H74 L v 5 l 6 n g s 6 . % 0.9 0,7?
C a , " ; . 0,9 11.9=;
NgiiSn: Phong TN l^ tndn chdn nuot- Dat hgc Cdn Tlia:
III Id ngiiy tudi, XC la .xual chudng
Bang 2. T h a n h p h a n hoat tinh B i o - p r o z y m e T h a n h p h a n hoal l m h
Bacillus SvilMihs Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Protease
A m y l a s e Lipase
|.-< Glucanase
D \ T CiL CIL
_Trj^
2 4-1010 1-100
1 ..OL.lSg (Bill Thi T h a m , 2016) v J cao hon kot q u a n g h i e n e-i'iu cua tae gia \ , v ; u \ e n O'^"^' ^ va ctv (2005) vdi khoi I u g n g luc ^ t u a n tuoi eua vit Bau Q u v t h u o n g ph.im nudi t.u On-ing Bmh la 1 S()5,(i7g. Ket q u a nav eao h o n gia trj 2-0.'0g ciia N g u v 6 n \ ' a n T i m (201S) \ o i khdi Itr^mg lue S t u a n Uidi eiia \ i t Hda Lan d u v c n u o i t h e o p h u x m g thlic chgv d d n g Khi -^u s a n h vdi T r a n Van Tiiipn (20 hM, kel qua na\' t h a p h a n gui til klidi l u y n g liic S h i a n tiioi 2.240g tren vjt H d a Lan d u g c nudi nhd't.
Bang 4. Kl , TKL, TTTA vj^HSCHTA Chi lieu " \ 11 " N12 M 1 kl, dau TN (R/con)
Kl.cu6'iTN(t;/ain) Ikl,(R/con/ngay) iriA(R/con/nBayt HSCi ITA
l.u le, RILL-1 l u l l s 111,1 J u
Nguon: Cong ly lit-n doanh Bio-Phannachenne B a n g 3. T h a n h p h a n d i n h d u o n g ciia cam m i n
Thanh phan dinh dm
\-CK ("„|
CP("„) EECS.) CF ("„) Ca (",.)
89,9 12,6 11.6
.\\'(iiin Phong thi ngluein Bd mdn Cban ntidi-Dtii bgc Ciiu Tito
3.2. L u a n g t h i i c a n , t a n g k h d i l u g n g va h e s o c h u y e n h o a t h i i c a n
T l i u e a n tieu t h y h a n g ngay, tdc d g t a n g khdi l u g n g \ a h e s o c h u y e n h d a t h u c a n ( H S C H T A ) c u a vit d cae n g h i p m thiic T . \ d u g c t r i n h b.iv 6 b a n g d u d i day.
Khdi l u p n g vit cudi T \ c a o nha't o \ T 2 la 2.170g, o MTl la 2.050g \ a t h a p nha't o N T 3 la 1.963,33g \ a i s u k h a e biet eo y n g h i a thd'ng k e {P<0,05)- \ i t H d a L a n tiong "TN ed khdi l u p n g c a o h t m vit Bau Ben liic 7 t u a n tudi d a t
M l M 2
>i.A =>-l,4 2 05tf' 2 170*
-10,71' 41,18'
' 0,001 0,001 124.1 141,72" 150,28' 0,81 0,001 3.t)=^' 1,28'- 3 8(1' 11,01 0.001
• Cflcj,"" Irj trnng binh inann cae cliircdi kbac idiau Ircn cung bang td khac biet eo y nglna Ihong ke P<0,05.
Ben cgnh d o , tang khdi l u g n g cd sy k h a c biel y nghia thd'ng ki' ll'<0,05) giua cac NT. C y t h e o N T 2 cd tang khdi lut,mg cao nha't la 43,18 g/con/ngay, tie'p t h e o NITI la 40,73 g / c o n / n g a y va tha'p nh.Vt d ,\'T3 la 38,96 g/con/nj-ay. Ke't q u a TN cho tha'y vice thay the T A H H b a n g c a m mjn u m e n d a kich thich s y tieu hda va ha'p t h u thiie .in tii' d d anli h u d n g de'n td'c d o tang kho'i l u p n g ciia \'if T N . N h u n g vipc thay the T A H H b a n g Ciim m i n u c h u a vdi ty le cao 6 0 % d a a n h h u a n g dc'h vjt vdi toe d p tang khdi l u g n g tha'p nha't d o sir d u n g l u p n g thiic an n a n g l u g n g n h i e u . So vai T \ tren vit Bau Ben cua Biii Thj T h a m (2016) la 25,04 g/con/ngay va vit Bau Q u y (Li> Viet Ly va etv, 1999) la 24,8 g / e o n / n g a y thi ket q u a tang trgng cua vit H d a Lan c a o h a n luc 7 tiian tuoi. Khi so s a n h voi T N tren n g a n P h a p cua N g u y e n Van P h u o n g (2017) la 46,7 g / c o n / n g a y thi ke't q u a tang khoi l u g n g c u a vit Hoa Lan tha'p h o n . N h u n g khi s o s a n h voi vjt H d a Lan nuoi theo p h u o n g t h i i c c h a n tha e h a y d o n g cua N g u y i n Van N i e m {2018) la 36,5 g/
c o n / n g a y thi ke't q u a o n g h i e n c u u n a y c a o h o n . L u p n g thlic an tieu t h u d cae N T cd su k h a e bipt y n g h i a t h d n g k e {P<0,05) lan l u g t la 124,3, 141,72 va 50,28 g / c o n / n g a y . N h u vay, o .\'T3 cd
KHKTChdn nuoi s'> 255 • thdng 3 ndm 2020
DINH D U O N G VA THLTC AN CHAN NUOI
miic tieu thy thirc an cao nha't, dieu nay cho tha'y vipc thay the'TAHH bang cam min ii men tieu hda da kich thich su them an ciia vit do trong men ed ehiia cac enzym va cac lgi khuan.
Hp so'chuyen hoa thuc an vdi y nghia thd'ng ke {P<0,05) cd su bie'n dpng giiia cae NT: tha'p nha't la NTI voi HSCHTA la 3,05, tie'p tiieo la NT2 vdi HSCHTA la 3,28 va eao nha't ia NT3
\'di HSCHTA la 3,86. Su bien ddng he so chuyen hda thlic an cd lien quan chat che tdi td'c dp tang truong eua vtt, vjt cd td'c dg sinh trudng tha'p thi hp so chuyen hda thiic an cao. O cac giai dogn tudi khac nhau thi liieu qua sir dung thuc an cung khae nhau. Hp so chuyen hda thiic an aia vit Hoa Lan cd ke't qua cao hon nghien cuu ciia tiie gia Biii Thi Tham (2016) vit Bau Ben cd HSCHTA la 2,62 liic 7 hian tudi; vjt Star 76 ed HSCHTA la 2,86 lue 8 tiian tiioi (Nguyen Due Trpng va ctv, 2011); vit CV Super M ed HSCHTA la 2,77 luc 8 tuan tiidi (Luang Ta't Nhp va etv, 1994). Hp sd'chuyeh hda thuc an eiia nghien cim nay cao hem nghien eiiu eiia Nguyen Van Thien (2019) klii nghien cun tien vit Hoa Lan nu6i nliot CO gia tri hp so chuyen hda tiiuc an Ui 2,85. Klii so sanh vdi ke't qua nghien eiiu eiia Nguyen Van Tam (2018) eo HSCHTA la 3,02 tien vit Hoa Lan nu6i nhot ke't hgp dian tiia thi ke't qua nghien ciiu nay ia tuong duong.
3.2. Hipu qua kinh te
Phan h'ch hieu qua kinh te'giii'a cae khau phan TN dugc trinli bay d bang 5 cho tha'y von dau tij- cao nlia't d NTI la 77.000 dong/
con, tie'p theo la NT2 vdi vd'n dau tir la 73.000 dong/eon va tha'p nha't d NTS la 64.300 dong/
con. Sy chenh lech vd'n dau tu giii'a eac NT do anh hudng eiia viee tieu thu thiie an va toe dd tang khdi lugng cua vit d cac TN khac nhau, Tien ban vit cao nlia't d NT2 la 86.800 dong/eon, tli.i'p nhat d NT3 la 78.500 dong/eon Nhung lgi nhugn cao nha't la NT3 vdi 14.200 dong/eon, vi cd vd'n dau tu' it nha't va lgi nliuan cao nlia't nen NT3 cd hipu qua kinh te'eao nha't, dat 22%.
Nhu vgy, qua ^aee phan ti'ch hieu qua kinli te'ta cd the ke't lugn nudi vit Hoa Lan giai dogn 0-7 tuan hioi voi kliau phan ciia NT3 (40"oKPCS+60% cam min ii men) cho hieu qua kinh te'cao nha't so vdi eae nghiem thue edn lgi trong TN.
Bang 5. Hieu qua kinh te nuoi vit qua cac khau phan
N T I NT2 NT3
C o n g i o n g T h l i c a n T h u o c t h u V V o n d a u t u T i e n b a n xnt Lgi n h u a n
360-000 360,000 360.000 1-S30-000 1-740.000 1479-000 120.000 90,000 90,000 2.310.000 2 190.000 1,929,000 2.460.000 2,604,000 2.355.000 150 000 414.000 4 2 6 000 Lpi n h u a n / d a u t u (%) 6^5 18,9 2 2 4. K ^ LUAN
Khau phain thiie an mang lgi hieu qua kinh te'eao nha't eho \"it Hoa Lan nuoi thit giai doan 0-7 tuan tuoi la 40%KPCS+60% cam min ii men.
TAI U E U THAM KHAO
1 N g u y e n Q u e Coi, D i n g Vii H o a va N g u y e n N g u y e t C a m (2005) Ket q u a n g h i e n c u u kha n a n g san xua't cua v|t Bau Q u y t h u o n g p h a m nuoi theo 3 h i n h t h u c khac n h a u tai Q u a n g Binh T o m tai b a o cao khoa hoc Vivn C h a n nuoi, Trang 9 - ! l .
2 Le Viet Ly, N g u y e n T h i M i n h va H o a n g V a n Ti^u (1998) Ket qua n g h i e n cihi m g t s o tinh nSng san xual eiia n h o m v)i C o m a u canh s e q u a 6 the' he, Kel q u a N C khoa hgc ky t h u a t chan nuoi 1996-1997, NXB N o n g N g h i e p , H a Noi- Trang 26-28,
3 N g u y e n V a n N i e m (201S) A n h hu-ong ciia p h u o n g t h u c nuoi len sinh t r u o n g c u a v)t Hoa Lan giai d o a n nuoi th)t- Luan v a n tot n g h i e p Ky s u Chan nuoi, Dai hoc C a n T h o Trang 34-35-
4 L u a n g Tat N h ? (1994)- D a c d i e m sinh t r u o n g c h o thjt va cho long cua vit CV-Supcr M nuoi lai Mien Bac Viet
\ . i m , Vien khoa h o c k v thuat N o n g n g h i e p Viet N a m , Bao cao Khoa h p c \ ' i e n C h a n nuoi. Trang 15-15.
5 N g u y e n V a n P h u o n g va P h a m T a n N h a (2017) K h a o sat a n h h u o n g c u a dich torn va m u c thiiy p h a n de'n tang t n i o n g cua \ i t xiem P h a p n u o i thjt. T g p chi KHKT C h a n nuoi, 222 63-68
6 N g u y e n V a n T a m (201S). A n h h u o n g ciia cac m u c bo- s u n g Biotic len s m h t r u o n g cua vil Hoa Lan giai d o a n nuoi thit, Luan v a n tot n g h i e p Ky su C h a n nuoi, Dai hoc Can Tho- Trang 36-38
7 Biii T h i T h a m (2016). D a c d i e m ngoai h i n h va kha n a n g san vuai cua vit Bau Beri dim h a t n h a n nuoi tai t r u n g tam n g h i e n c u u vjt Dai Xuyen, Luan v a n tot n g h i e p n g a n h C h a n n u o i H g c vien N o n g N g h i e p Viyt N a m . Trang 32-34.
8 N g u y e n V a n T h u a n (2019) A n h h u o n g cua cac m u c bo s u n g b i o r o z v m len sinh t r u o n g ciia vit Hoa Lan giai d o a n nuoi thit, Luan v a n tot n g h i e p Ky su C h a n nuoi, Dai h p c Can Tho, Trang 33-34.
9 N g u y e n Diic Trgng, N g u y e n V a n D u y , H o a n g V a n Tieu, V u o n g T h i Lan .Anh va N g u y e n T h j Thiiy N g h i a (2011). Kha n a n g san xua'tcua con lai g i u a v ( t S M va vit D o m , Bao c a o khoa h o c Vien C h a n nuoi, Trang 23-25-
KHKTChdn nuoi sd 255 - thdng 3 ndm 2020
