PHAT HUY VAI TRO CAC CHU THE HUtTNG TOn MUC TIEU KET HUP TANG TRUING
KINH TE von THirC HIEN CHINH SACH XA HOI or VIET NAM HIEN NAY ^^''
Ths. BANG THI HONG VI Dai hoc Lao dgng • Xd hgi
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nudc ta, sau hon 25 nam dpi md, kinh te da ting trffdng vdi tdc dp dang khich IS, ddi sdng vflt ehll vfl vfln hel tinh Ihln eda nhan dan dupc cli thien ro ret, nhieu bffc xue, bit cdng, phit sinh ttt edng ddng dfln cff Iffng bffdc dffpc khac phyc, ngin chan. Nhiey chinh sleh xfl hfli (CSXH) dffa ra va dffpc thuc hien dfl Iflm cho cdng ddng dan eu cd eude sdng linh thin ngfly cflng lanh manh, Irong sang, tao su ddng thuan • dpng iyc Ihuc day tang trudng kinh t l (TTKT). Tuy nhifln, TTKT eda Viet Nam ehua xttng vdi tilm nang. Nghla la neu dupc su nd luc cda cle ehd thl lanti dap eae hon ntta, trf tue, bin ITnh, sing lap va ddt pha hpn ntta;huy ddng dupe cac doanh nghiep v l sffc manh Idng hpp tff nhan dan hpn nffa thi tdc dp TTKT eda Viet Nam tupng xffng vdi tilm nSng vfl he qui Ifl da gili quyet tdt hpn, nhilu hdn, ehll Iffpng han nhttng van d l xa hdi bttc xue. Nhilu CSXH bj han chl v l hieu qui mdt phin do sy chi phdi cda TTKT chua dat mffc tdi da, mdt phan dp nhin td chu quan chi phdi nhu: mdt sd CSXH dua ra chua hpp ly, viflc thuc hiSn CSXH chua di vap ne nip, mang nang tinh phong trio, CO chl kiem tra, gilm sit viec thue hien
TAP CHi GIAO D u e LY LUAN - SO 198 (6/2013)
CSXH khdng rd rang... Do dd, hiSu qui cua cle CSXH ddi vdi TTKT khflng cao, chua huy dflng dupe sffc manh tdng hpp eua nhan dfln tap ddng thufln cda tpfln xfl hfli.
TTKT tff nfl khflng ddng nha't vdi vifle gill quylt cle van d l xfl hffi. Ngupe lai viec thyc hien thuin tuy CSXH cQng khong ta't ylu din td TTKT. D l Ihyc hifln sff kit hpp hai muc tieu trfln dfli hdi cd sff chu ddng Iff giflc eda con ngffd. Ndi each khae, sff kll hpp nay phu thude rit Idn vflo vai trd eda cflc chd the.
Trong nfli dung bai vill nfly cflc ehd thl d l cflp din d dfly la Dang Cpng sin VISI Nam, dpi ngu d n bfl iflnh dap quan IJ cac dp...
De phit huy vai trd cda cle chd the thuc hiSn TTKT kit hpp vd thuc hien CSXH, Viet Nam can thffc hifln nhflng gili phip sau:
ThCr nhat, nflng eao trf tuS, bin ITnh, phi'm ehll dpi ngu d n bd Iflnh dae, quin IJ trpng he thdng ehinh frj tff Trung uong din dia phupng
Thep Chd tjeh Hd Chi Minh ecn ngudi trong xa hpi md Ifl con ngud phli vffa "hdng" vtta
"ChuySn"; con ngud vd Iff elch II "Chd-thl"- dai dien lai phli "hdng" hon, "chuyen" hpn, niu khdng vay iflm sap ianh dapl lam sao "Oai diSn",... Chu 51
HBHiiH ciu-TRAO BJI thl phli la nhung ngffd vffa ed "dffc" vffa cd "tli".
b day, "Dffc" la ndi td ban Hnh ehinh trj, pham ehll eon ngffd; "Tai" la nffi Id "trf tue". Tri la Iri thffc v l ty nhien, xa hd. "Tue" la khi ning biln cli 'Trf cda minh thinh kll qui v l l chat, tinh thin ed ich eho bin than, xa hdi... Nhfln td quylt djnh thing Ipi eda cflch mang nude la la sff lanh dao eda Oang, Ifl Irf tue Ding, la bin ITnh Ding, II pham chit Ding. Tffong Iff nhff thl sir nghiep dch mang eda nudc ta phai II kit qui lanh dao true lilp cda Ding. Nhu vay, trong td chffc Ding phli la nhffng ron ngffd fiflu bieu nhit, trf tue nhat, bin Hnh nhat vfl cfl pha'm chit dao dffc dch mang nhit.
D l thyc hiSn muc fiSu dfln giflu, nudc manh, xa hffi dfln chd, cflng bang, van minh VISt Nam phli phflt triln kinh t l vd Idc dp lang frudng eao. TTKT cd thl din din dSn ehd, cdng blng, van minh vfl cung cd thl din din bat cdng, phin filn bd xa hdi. Thue l l Vifll Nam nhttng nlm gan dfly TTKT ludn d vj trf cao so vd thl gid vfl iihu vyc. Mdt mat, nhd ro TTKT mfl dd song xfl hfli ro nhilu cli thiSn v l thu nhap binh qufln tinh trSn diu ngud, dit nffdc tff vj trf nudc nghSo vuon ISn nude ed thu nhap trung binh trSn bang xlp hang thl gid... mat khac cQng chinh do TTKT ma khoing each giau ngheo giffa cic cdng ddng dfln cff khdng bj thu hep ma tang ISn.
Theo sd Hflu eda Tdng cye Thdng ke (GSO) chi sd giflu nghSo (Gini-Coeffleient) cda VISI Nam nam 1993 Ifl 0,34 nhffng din nlm 2010 da 11 0,43 (Theo GSO thi ehi sd Gini- Coefficient trdn 0,4 la chi sd blo dflng nguy hilm ddi vd qudc gia). Mdt chi sd khlc la chi sd Ihu nhap giffa ngffd giau va ngffd nghSo Viet Nam tang tff 8,9 lan nam 2008 ISn 9,2 lan nam 2011. Nlm 2012 thu nhap binh quan ngud dan d Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh la 3000 USD/ thing, cao gip 10 Iln thu nhap USD cda nhdm cu dan ed thu nhap thap. Odng bang sdng Cffu Leng udc tinh 30%
ldi nhuan lim Iff Ida dudc gitt lai Ihi thu nhap eda ndng dfln chi II 316.000d/lhflng thip hdn ca mffc thap nhit cua mffc thu nhap ngud ngheo 52
hien nay la 400.000d/thang (Iheo Ngfln hflng the gidi)... nhttng chi sd nfly la bilu hien mau thuan III ylu cda qua trtnh TTKT. Vi vay, TTKT tit ylu gan vdi CSXH - vd tu each Ifl hoat ddng Iff y thffe cda "Chd the dai dien" phit huy tinh tfch cyc cda J Ihffc xa hdi nham mdt mat bien thflnh tyu cda TTKT thflnh ddng lire phit triln cho ehinh nd, eho qui trinh biln "chd the dai diSn"
thinh "dai dien tofln thl"; mat khlc lim cho TTKT true lilp phuc vu eho nhffng mye fiSu, li Iffdng cua chinh chu thl v l dng bang xfl hpi.
Dfly la hai mat cda van d l xfl hdi phffc tap. Be giai quylt sff kit hpp dly phffc tap nay cin phai ed "edng Irinh su chinh trj"; dd i l chd thl ianh dao cd dly dd pham chat, nang luc, ban Hnh dl biln chd frffdng kit hpp TTKT vdi CSXH cda Ding, Nhfl nudc Ihanh hifln thuc sdng dpng 6 VISt Nam.
Thti hai, quan triet lam quan trpng cda sff ket hop tflng frffdng kinh t l vd thye hifln chinh sich xfl hffi trong eflng ddng xa hdi
TTKT vfl (isXH khdng piili Ifl hai vln dl dec lap, tach biet nhau. Chung Ifl hai mat cda vln de xa hffi phffc tap. TTKT khdng vi TTKT, nghia la khdng cd muc dich ty thfln. TTKT, ndi eho dng la d l gili quylt nhffng vln d l xa hdi, vln de con ngud. Thyc hiSn CSXH eung khdng vt CSXH ma la vi con ngud- lao ddng Iyc TTKT. Oilu niy co nghla la thffc hiSn CSXH eung khdng cd muc dich Iff Ihln. TTKT ve thffc chit Ifl qui trinh i l l sin xull md rflng, II quy lull tit ylu cda tdn tai, phat triln xa hdi loai ngud. Xa hon nffa, eOng nhtf CSXH nd la mdi quan he giffa ngud vd thien nhien, gitta ngud vffi ngud. Trong qua trinh nfly ron ngud hilu biet quy lull tff nhifln, quy lull xa hdi, ddng thd J thffe dffpc v l minh biln thien nhiSn, xa hdi tff chd "ehp nd", "vi nd' trd thanh
"che H", "vi ta". Cpn ngffd Iff J thffc dffpc ve minh vd Iff cleh la mdt Idn Hi tff nhifln, xa hdi, Iff do duy nhit. Nhan Ihffc la piiln Inh thffc filn va ihuc filn nhu the nac thi nhan thttc tuong ttng la vay.
TTKT pliai dupe hieu mdt d d biSn chffng tdn diSn va trpng hS Ihdng cda quan dilm biSn dffng TAP CHi GIAO OyC I * IU»N - s6 198 (6/2013)
duy vat. Khdng nhff vay, ta se khpng thl giai thieh ngffd la qui coi trpng giai quylt cle vln d l xS tai sae GDP lang ma chit lupng cudc sdng khdng hdi (CSXH) coi nhe ITKT thi hau qui la CSXH tang? thu nhap binh quan diu ngud ting mfl sao khflng cd tiln d l d l gili quyll. Nhu vay, niu ddi sdng nhfln dfln vin khdng dupe cli thien... khdng cd sy kit hpp Ihl khdng dat mye tieu xa TTKT v l bin chat la phli dua tren nen ting nang hdi, khdng thue hifln dffdc mue tiSu kinh t l , vfl cap nang suit lao dflng, khflng cd nflng suit lao ngupc lai.
ddng cae se khdng cd bit cff TTKT ben vflng, Dffi vd nude la d n thue hiSn that tdt sir kll hdp khdng d sy phil triln cda qudc gia, dan tde, TTKT vffi Oiyc hiSn CSXH md dat mue tiSu dan khdng ro sy chien thing hay Ipi the nip cda xa giau, nude manh, dfln ehd, dng bang, vfln minh.
hdi, giai cap, cdng ddng, el nhan...nfly so vd Day la vln d l kinh t l xa hdi va chinh tri can qudc gia, edng ddng, el nhfln...khlc. Cudi eung, dupe quan triet trpng nhan thffc eda eae chu thl cffng chi ro nhd ldi the v l nang suit lap ddng eao lanh dap tff Tmng ffpng din dja phffdng, d e trfln nln ting cda Irf thtte phil triln, ron ngffdi deanh nghiSp va nhfln dan d nffdc Irpng sir md biln IhiSn nhiSn thflnh "cda minh", "chp minh" nghiSp ddi mffi md cffa, hfli nhap kinh te qudc l l va ron ngffd md Idn tai thiie sff vd tff dch la hifln nay.
cdng ddng ty do. Thtr ba, md rdng dan chd, tang cudng su gilm CSXH trong hoat ddng sdng eda con ngud sit cda nhfln dan Irong viSc kll hpp Hng trudng v l mat Ijch sff ludn di sau TTKT, cd TTKT md ro kinh t l vd thiic hiSn chinh sach xa hffi CSXH; nhffng v l mat legie nd lai la muc dich n K T kit hpp vd ttiffc hien CSXH - dim blo ban diu eda TTKT, khdng d hoat ddng sdng kinh t l Hng frudng dem lai dng bang xa hdi. Sff kit nio cda con ngffd lai khdng cd mue dfeh trffdc hpp nay khdng chi la vln d l kinh t l thuan tuJ ml lien v l CSXH d day cQng khdng la ngoai le. Dd edn la van d l xa hd dlnh tj. Sff kit hpp nfly phin chinh la su thdng nhit cda tinh "logic" va tinh flnh tt'nh uu viel d a mdt ehl dp xa hdi. Tuy nhien,
"lich sff" Irpng qua Irinh sdng va nhan thffc cda bit ctt mdt d d ttuong nio, mdt chinh saeh nao, mdt con ngffdi. sir kit hpp nflp du dung dan, khoa hpc den dflu
d mpt phuong diSn khflc, chu thl m l ta xem dng d n dupc frii nghiSm frong thue lien. Nhin xSt la ehu the dai diSn, nd IS bd phan chff chffa din lao ddng la ngffd tilp nhan sy kit hpp, he phli la tofln Ihl. VI mat ljeh sff, cdng vd sy phil Iriln II ngffd kilm fra, giam sit hiSu qui eda sir kit hpp eua TTKT se 11 su phat triln cda chd thl tff bd dd. d dau ro hang friSu, frieu ngud d dly d dan phin din tpan thl. CSXH v l ban chit II hoat ehd va quyin ddi dan chu. Dan chd d dfly khdng ddng cda ehd thl - dai diSn vd lu eSch la chd phli la quyen hudng thu dng bang, binh dang ma the "dai difln" mang lai Ipl ich cda TTKT cho chu eao hon Ifl quyin kilm ta, giam sflt ro chl Ihuc thi the "loan thl". Viec lam nay mpt mat vi su tdn tai sir rong bang va btnh dang- d dly la su kilm tra, eua chinh ehd thl "dai difln" mat khac nd lai Ifl gilm sil viflc dua ra ehu fruong su kll hpp d a d c cfli hpp quy luat khaeh quan "eda Xeda phli tri ehd thl lanh dap. Chd Ihl kilm tra, gilm sit la nhan lai ehp Xeda" dffi vd nhffng thanh viSn tham gia dfln. Vi vay, md rflng dfln chd thee phupng dflm;
trpng qua trinh TTKT. Dan bilt, dan ban, dan lim, dan kilm fra nhu Oing Trpng thuc tiln do nhan thffe chua dffng quan te da chi ra Ifl mflt tat ylu ljeh sff, Ifl liln bfl xa hdi.
hfl bifln ehiJng nfly nen ed nd, cd luc ngud ta Nhttng nhfl lflnh dao ttt Tmng uong din dja phupng, qua eel trpng TTKT, roi nhe giai quylt nhflng cac doanh nghiflp va nhan din c l nudc quan vln d l xa hdi dan din nghjch IJ TTKT gia lang triet tinh than dan chd treng vile kit hpp TTKT edng bang va gia tang c l bit cdng- tJ IS thuan vd CSXH ehac ehan se dem lai ehp nhSn dan sff cda mSI nghich IJ. Ngffpc lai, d nd, ed luc dlnchu, dng bang, van minh trudc suTTKT.D
TAP CHi GIAO Dye LY LUAN - s6 198 (6/2013) 5 3
