Tgp ehi Khoa hge Tmdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Phdn D: Khoa hoc Chinh trj, Kinh ti vd Phdp lugt: 35 (2014): 66-78
Tap chl Khoa hoc Tru'dng Dai hoc Can Thd website: sj.ctu.edu.vn
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NGHIEN ClTU CAC NHAN TO ANH HlTdNG DEN DONG LlTC LAM VlEC CUA NHAN V I £ N TRtTC TifiP SAN X U A T 6 TONG C 6 N G TY LAP MAY VIET NAM (LILAMA)
Biii Thj Minh Thu' va Le Nguyin Doan Khoi^
' Khoa chuyen ngdnh, Dgi hgc Not vu Hd Ngi, ca sd miin Trung
^ Phdng Qudn ly Khoa hgc, Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Thong tin chung:
Ngdy nhgn: 06/10/2014 Ngdy chdp nhgn: 31/12/2014 Title:
The study of the work motivation of direct production employees in erection corporation Vietnam (lilama) Tdkhda:
Dgng luc ldm viic, nhdn viin true tiip sdn xudt, vdn hda doanh nghiip Keywords:
Work motivation, direct production employees, corporate culture
ABSTRACT
In business of Lilama there are many factors in attracting participation in the management system, such as material, economic, cultural, information...
but people remains the leading factor. The economic crisis and competition of sources direct production employees ongoing harsh in erection industry lead to Lilama serious affected. Study of the work motivation of direct production employees plays an important role in attracting and retaining talents for Lilama. Research results were analyzed from observation, testing the reliability of the scale and factor analysis. Then correlation analysis, multiple linear regression under multivariate normal regression, the study found seven factors that affect the work motivation of direct production employees in Lilama: corporate culture, work, opportunity for training and development, working conditions, wages and welfare regime, relationships with colleagues, relationships with the leaders. In of which wages and welfare regime with the corporate culture is the most powerful factor.
Results obtained from the study suggest vital implications in developing suitable strategies and development plan to attract human resources Lilama.
TOM TAT
Trong hogt dgng Mnh doanh d Lilama cd nhieu nhdn to tham gia vdo hi thdng qudn ly nhu vgt chdt, kinh ti, vdn hod, thdng tin...nhung con ngudi vdn Id yiu td hdng ddu. Su khiing khodng kinh te vd cgnh tranh ngudn lao ddng Pyc dip sdn xudt dang dien ra khdc nghiit a ngdnh ldp may ddn din Lilama cSng bi dnh hudng nghiim trgng. Nghiin cuu dpng luc ldm viic cua nhdn viin true tiip sdn xudt cd tdm quan trgng trong thu hut vd gia chdn ngudi tdi cho Lilama. Nghien cuu dd tiin hdnh phdn tich kit qud thu thdp dugc tir quan sdt, kiim dinh dd tin cgy cua thang do vd phdn tich nhdn td.
Sau do phdn tich tucmg quan, hdi quy tuyin tinh bgi theo hdi quy da biin thdng thudng, nghien cuu dd phdt hiin 07 nhdn to dnh hudng din dgng luc ldm viic cita nhdn viin true tiip sdn xudt Lilama la: Vdn hda doanh nghiip, cdng viic, ca hgi ddo tgo vdphdt triin, diiu kiin ldm viic, luang vd chi dg phac lai, mdi quan hi vdi ddng nghiip, i"di quan hi lanh dgo. Trong do, luang vd che dg phuc lgi vdi vdn hda doanh nghiep Id yiu to tdc dgng mgnh nhdt Kit qud cd dugc tu nghien cuu la ggiy quan trgng trong viic xdy dtmg chiin lupc vd ki hogch phii hep phdt triin ngudn nhdn luc ciia Lilama.
T^ chi Khoa hgc Trumig Dgi hgc dl Tha Phan D: Khoa fvc CMnh ui. Kinh ti vd Phdp ludt: 35 (2014): 66-78 1 DAT VAN BE
Xu hudng diy manh fhst triln n^nfa lap mdy troi% nude vd thi ^oi oIn Lilama dai^ bi canfa tranfa ngudn nfadn lyc rit cang tfaing. Trong kfai dd Lilama cd faan 25.000 lao ddng bao gdm tryc tiip san xuit vi ^dn tilp, tii Bdc vao Nam vdi 20 Cty thanfa vien, 2 chl nl^nh, 1 tnidi^ cao ddng ngfae, 4 ban QLDA nin viec quin iy nhan sy rit kfad kfaan.
Theo i^failn ciiu cua Farfaaan vi Arman vio nam 2009: "Nhin vien cd d«ig lyc Ifai hg lam vile dat 80-90% failu suit ty le n ^ vile thdp, nghi pfaep tfaip". Theo ngfailn ciiu ciia Kovach vio ndm 1995 cd chi rd: "Vdn di ldn nhai ciia qudn ly li edm nhdn du'nh xdc cac yeu td thiic diy ddng luc lim vile ciia nhan vlln". Vdi canh tranh gay gdt vl ngudn nfadn lyc ttyc tilp sin xudt ciia cdc nginfa cdng n^iep ldp mdy Vi^ Nam dan d ^ failn tugng nhdy vi|c liln tuc d tyc lugng n ^ , d|ic bilt ta nhiing lao dgng sin xuii co tay imfae cao dan din Lilama kfaung hodng lao dgng trim trgng. Trong kfai dd tai Lilama, tfai lao drag san xuit true tilp li lyc lugng quan ttgi^ nfait chiem din 70% ngudn nfain tyc vi cung chua cd nghini ciiu ndo ve vdn dl tgo dgng lyc lam vi|c cho n h ^ ddi tugng niy nen nghiin cim ddng tyc Iam vigc ciia ddi tugng lao dgng tryc tiep sdn xuit Id tien di qudn trj nfadn sy dong nfait trong Lilama.
2 CO S d LY THUYET VA MO HINH NGHIEN CUtl
2.1 D^ng lyc lam vifc
Li sy khat kfaao vd tu nguy^ ciia con ngudi nfadm tdng cirdng su oo lyc di dgt dugc myc dich hay mgt kit qua cy thi (Ndi cdch khic dgng lyc bao gdm tit cd nhiing ly do kfailn con nguoi hdnh dgng). Dgng lyc cung chju inh huoi^ ciia nhilu nhdn td, cic nfain to n ^ ludn thay ddi vd kho nam t>dt Chiing dugc chia tfainh ba logi yeu td ca bdn do Id:
Logi I. NhSngyeu id thudc vi con ngudi tiic Id nfaihig yiu to xuit hiln trong c^'nfa bdn thdn con ngudi thiic ddy ccm ngudi lam viec nfair Igi icfa cua eon ngudi, muc ti^ ca nhdn, thdi dg ciia ci nfain, kfai ndng vd ning lyc dia cd nhan, thdm nien, kinfa n ^ | m cdng tdc.
Logi 2. Cdc nhdn to ihugc mm trudng Id nhthig nfadn td bin ngodi co anh budng d ^ ngudi lao d^ag nfair vdn bod ciia doanfa ngfaiep, cde chinh sacfa vl nhdn sy.
Logi 3. Cac yiu id thugc vi ngi dung bdn chdt cdng viic li ylu td chinfa quyet djnh anh faudng din
diii lao lao ddng vd miic tien luong ciia ngudi cdng nfain ttong td cfaiic nhu: tinfa 6n dinfa vd mirc dg ty chu ciia cdng viec, miic do khac nfaau ve n h i ^ vu, trdch nhiem, su phuc tap ciia cdng vile, sy 1 ^ d ^ vd thich thii trong cdng viec. [Nguyin Van Diim, Nguyin Nggc Qudn (2007, Bang 128)].
2.2 Tao dgng lyc lam viec
La tdt cd nhiJog hoat ddng ma doanh nghiep cd till tiiyc hiln dugc ddi vdi ngucri lao ddng, tac ddng din kfai nang ldm viec tinfa tfain tfaai do lam vile nhdm dem tai failu qua cao troi^ lao dgng Tao dgng lyc gdn tien vdi lgi ich hay ndi each khdc Id Igi ich tao ra ddng lyc ti^ng lao dgng. Song ttin thyc ti dgi^ lyc dugc tao ra d muc dg nao, bdi%
cdch ndo diiu do phu thugc vao ca cfai cy thi di sii dyng nd nfau Ii mgt nfain td cho sy phdt tnaa ciia xa hgi. Mudn Igi ieh tao ra dgng lyc pfaii t ^ d ^ vio nd, kicfa tfaich no ldm gia tang faogt dgng cd faieu qud ciia lao dgng ttong cdng vile, ttong chuyen mdn hoic trong nfaiing cfaiic nang cy the.
[Nguyen Vin Diem, Nguyen Nggc Qudn (2007, ttang 129)]
2 J Md hinh cac yea t i anh hudng din ddng lyc tam viec
Nam 1946, Foreman Facts (Vien quan fai lao ddng New York) dd ngfailn ciiu dua ra md fainfa cdc ylu td tgo dgng luc lam viec cfao nfaan vien troi cdc ddi tugng nhan viin nginfa cdng n ^ ^ gdm cic yeu td. Sau do md fainfa nay dugc pfad biln rgng rdi vi dugc nhieu nhd n ^ ^ ciiu, nfaieu td cfaiic iing dung nghiin ciiu d nhilu ngdnh cdng nghiep khdc nfaau nfair Nghiin eiiu ciia Keimett SJKovach (1987) dd bd sung vd dua ra md hinh 10 ylu ti ddng vien nfain vien nhu: (I) Cong vile thu vj (2) Dugc cdng nfain ddy du craig viec-.^blam (3)jSpttM chii ttong cdng vile (4) Cong^it'^r^^aiSy Luang cao (6) Sy thing tiin va pfadt triin n ^ nghiip (7) Diiu kien ldm vile tdt (8) Sy gdn bd cua cap tten vdi nhdn vien (9) Xu ly ky hiit kbeo leo, ll nhi (10) Su giup dd ciia c ^ ttin di ^di quyit nhung vdn de c i nfadn. Tiip theo cd nfaiiu n^iln ciiu irng dung ciia cdc nha n ^ l n ciiu nhu Bob Nelsson, Balanchard Trauiing & developement (1991), Sfailveriionie (1992), Cfaarles vd Mashal (1992), Simons va Enz (1995), Wong, Siu, Tsang (1999), d Vilt Nam cd o ^ l n ciiu ciia Trin Kim Dung (2005) cung tiin fadnh n ^ l n cuu vi m6 hinh ndy. Viec nghien ciiu tiieo mo hinh cOa Kovach dugc tiin faanfa 6 nhiiu nude, nhiiu lloh vyc diu kiim dinh dugc ring mudi yiu td diu dnh hudng din ddng lyc ldm viec ciia nhan viin. E)ay cifaig Id nin ting ttong viec xiy dyng md fafaih
Tgp chi Khoa hge Tmdng Dgi hgc Can Tha Phdn D: Khoa hge Chinh tri, Kinh li vd Phdp ludt: 35 (2014): 66-78 n ^ i l n ciiu cua dl tii ndy. LTu diim ciia md fainfa
nay li pfaan loai cu thi han cdc khia canfa cd tfal dnfa hudng din dgng luc nhan vien, tdch bgch timg yiu td giiip cfao nha quan ly kiim sodt dugc van di cdn ldm, dd dugc kiim cfaiing tten nfaiiu qudc gia, cd ca sd di ddi chiiu vi so sanh khi phin ticfa d Vi|t Nam vi md hinh cd quan tdm den cdc yeu to cim xiic cua nhan vien, dd ehinh Id muc tiiu nghiin ciiu cua tie gii vl tgo ddng lyc cho nfadn viin tgi Lilama. Vi xu hudng lanh dao theo tri tue cim xiic (EQ) la xu hudr^ mdi vd thiet thye, nhd quin ty cln biet quin ly cam xuc de cdi thien mdi quan hi vdi nhan viin vi hiiu nhan vlln minh han.
Kfauyit diim cua md fainfa Ii chua nlu rd vai ttd dnh fattdng cua yiu td van hda doanh ngfaiep (VHDN) din ddng lyc nhin viin, ttong khi diiu ndy rat quan trgng, die biet trong tip doan r^ng nhu Lilama ttai ddi tii Bdc din Nam vdi nfaiiu nin van fada kfaac nfaau.
2.4 Thang do cdc yeu to tao dgng lure lam viec 2.4.1 Thang do dgng lire theo cdc yeu to Tir cdc ly thuyit vd md hinh nghien ciiu dgng lyc ldm viec ciia Kermett S.Kovach (1987), nfadm tdc gid da tien hanfa nghiin ciiu sa b$ bdng pfaucmg phdp thdo lugn nhdm vdi ban qudn ttj vd 50 nfadn viin c6ng ty Lilama7, Lilama 45-3, vdi ede cfauyin gia vi nhdn sy ngdnli ea khi ldp miy. Qua thdo ludn dd xdc djnh md fainh nghiin ciiu ddng lyc lira vile eiia nfaan vien tryc tilp sin xuit d Lilama ve ndi dung thi tuang ddng vdi md hinfa 10 ylu t i ddng viin ciia Kennett S.Kovach nhung cd bo sung tfalm yiu td van fada doanfa nghiep v i dilu chinfa mOt so tin ggi cdc biin cho phii hgp vdi tinh hinh Lilama nfau sau:
^mm{J)tSi6dfS£h"tttang.-cdng viic: Theo thuyet co
^ ^ * ^ n g ^ e ™ u a ' mckman vd Oldham (1976) di xdy dyng nhdm xdc djnfa cdch tfaiic cfing vile sao cfao ngudi lao dOng cd ddng luc lam vile ngay tir ben ttong hg cung nhu tgo dugc sy tfada mdn ttong cdng v i ^ v i tgo duge fai?u qua c5i^ viec tot nhat.
Ngudi nhdn viin phdi nim rS cdng viec tit diu din cuii vi cdng vile phii co tim quan trgng nhit dinh. Ki din, cdng vi|c phii cho phep nhin viin thyc hi|n mgt sd quyln nhit dinh nhdm tao eho nfain viin edm nfaan dugc ttdefa nfaiem vl kit qud cdng vi^c ciia minfa. Cudi ciing, cdng viec phdi dim bdo cd tinh phin hdi tii cip trin, ^ nhdn thdnh tyu ciia nhdn viin ciing nhu nhihig gdp y, phe binh nfalm giiip nfadn viin ldm vi|c tdt faon d lin sau. Nd giiip nfaan viin biit dugc kit qud tfayc sy ciia cdng vile minh lim.
(2) Luang vd chi dg phuc lgi: Thu nfaap v i pfaiic lgi the hien d nhu elu sinfa I^ vd an todn ttong tfauylt nhu edu ciia Maslow (1943), Id yiu td quan ttgng nhdt ddi vdi nfaan vien ttong cac nghiin ctru cua Simons & Enz (1995) tai My, Canada v i nghiin ciiu ciia Charles & Marshall (1992) tgi Caribean. Theo nghiin ciiu cua Artz (2008) phuc Igi cd vai ttd quan ttgng ttong vile xdc djnh miic tfada min cfing vile.
(3) Dao tgo va phdt triin: Theo Trin Kim Dung (2009) eho ring ca hgi dio tgo thda mdn nhu ciu phit ttiin cho nhan viin. Dugc ttang bj nhfing kJ nang chuyin mdn cin tfaiit si kicfa tfaich nfain viin thyc failn cdng vile tdt han, dgt nhilu thdnh ticfa faon, mudn dugc ttao nfaihig nhi^m vy cd ti'nh thdch thiic cao han cd nhilu ca hdi thdng tiin han.
Theo thuyit Maslow thi ylu td ndy n ^ ttong nfau elu, nfau cau dugc tdn ttgng vd khdng djnh minh, theo thuylt 2 nfadm yeu to ciia Herzberg tfai cdc ylu td ndy tfaudc nhdra cac yeu td ve mdi trudng cd khi nang giy ra sy khdng thda man, ttong khi ngliiln ciiu Wong, Siu, Tsang (1999) tiii ylu td ndy quan ttgng nhit doi vdi nhdn viin khdefa san d Hdng Kdng.
(4) Quan hi vdi ddng nghiip: nhdn viin can cd dugc sy h5 trg giiip dd ciia ding nghi?p khi cln thiit, tim thiy sy thodi mdi thdn thi^n khi lam vile vdi ddng n ^ i l p (Hill, 2008). Dfing thoi, nhdn vien phdi tim thiy dong nghiip ciia minfa tan tdm vdi cdng vile dl dgt dugc kit qud tdt nfait (Bellingham, 2004). Cuoi eCmg, dong nghiip can phdi Id ngudi dang tin c^y (Charai & FuUenkamp 2002).
(5) Vdn hda doanh nghiep: Theo Stephen Overell (2009) 5 dgi lugng tfaen cfadt ciia dgng vien kfauyin khich: Xdy dyng thuang hieu ben ttong, truyin thdng cac gia ttj cda to chiic, thi failn ISnh dao tdt tgo moi trudng lam vile tfaii vj vd tfadeh tinic, qudn tti kit qud thye hien cdng viec va tfaudng xuyen faodn thi|n. Ngfaien ciiu ciia Tavassoli (2008) chi ra ring: "Thyc failn tmyin thdng va lira cho thuang failu sdng dOng tfadng c^ua nguon nhdn lyc se tgo ket qud Id nhdn vien cd niem ty hao cao han, edm nhan tdt faan vl muc dicfa cfaung va mirc dp ddng vien cao han". (Trich lai ttong Trin Kun Dung, Nguyin Ngpc Lan Vy, 2011).
(6) Phong cdch lanh dgo: Tfaeo nghiin ciiru ciia Janet Cheng Uan Chew (2004) vi: "Anh hudng ciia qudn tti tdi nguyin nhan su ttong vile giii lai cdc
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tmdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tfio Phdn D: Khoa hgc Chinh tri. Kinh U vd Phdp lugl: 35 (2014): 66-78 nfadn viin cfau chdt ciia cde td cfaiic d Uc, mdt
nghiin ciiu kinfa ngfailm", cfao ring; ddng lyc nhin viin phy tiiudc vao chinh hdnh vi Idnh dao, quan hi ldm vile, van fada vd cdu tnic cdng ty, radi trudng lam vile. Kit qui tir ngfailn ciiu ciia Towers Watson ve lyc lugng Lao dgng toan ciu nim 2012 Cling cd quan diim cfao ring nfad qudn ty tryc tiep cd anfa faudng mgnfa me din sy gdn kit cua nfadn viin vdi cdng vile cua fag, gdn bd vdi coi^ ty cua fag vd sin sang ddng gdp cdng siie vdo tfaanh cdng cua cfing ty hp.
(7) Su on dinh trong cdng viic: Theo Frederick Herzberg (1959) cac ^eu td dnfa fauong din ddng lye ldm viec gdm 2 ylu tfi: yiu td duy tri va yeu td thiic diy ttong do ylu td duy tti la dieu kien lam vile, chinh sacfa eiia cdng ty, sy gidm sdt quan he ddng ngfailp, tiin luong, dia vj vd cfing vile dn djnfa. Va ddc bilt ttong kfaung faodng kinfa tl faien nay tfai sy on dinh cdng vile, tiin luong diu dan eung Id mdt ttong nhihig ylu tfi quan ttgng tfau hiit nfadn tai ciia Lilama.
(8) Dieu kiin ldm viic tdt: Mdi trudng an todn, ed ddy du cdng cy dl lira vile, gid giic lam vile hgp ly, nai ldm vile vui ve vd dugc to cfaiic tfit theo nghiin ciiu ciia Kennett S.Kovach (1987).
2.4.2 Ddng lire ndi chung
Biln phy tfaudc li d^ng lyc lim vile dugc do ludng tryc tiep qua cic biln quan sit sau:
Nhin viin tfaiy hiing thii vdi cdng vi?c hien tai.
- Tam ttang ldm vile ciia nhdn vlln luon dgt d mtic dfi tfit vui vl Igc quan.
Nfadn vien sdn sdng fay sinh quyln Igi ban than de dgt thinh ti'ch tdt trong cdng vile.
• Nhdn viin ddnfa gid eao cdc chinh sacfa dgng vlln kfauyen kfaich ciia cdng ty.
3 PHU'ONG PHAP NGHliN c u t ; 3.1 Quy trinh nghien ciin
Tfaeo Nguyen Dinh Tfag vd Nguyen Tfaj Mai Trang (2007) thi quy ttinh nghiin ciiu tiin hanfa cdc budc nhu sau:
Myc tieu ngfaien cini -Ca sd ly tfauyit- Thang do nfaap- Thio lu|n nhdm- Dilu chinh- Xdy dyng thang do cfainfa- Tfaiit kl bing edu fadi.
- Kfaio sit- Ddnh gid so bfi thang do bdng hi so Cronbaeh's alpha (Loai cac biin cd tuong quan bien tdng tfaip va kiim tra he sd Cronbach Alpha).
- Phdn ti'ch nhan td khdm phd EFA (Logi cde biin cd fae so tucmg quan vdi nhdn td thdp va
kiim tta nhan to ttich dugc>- Xiy dyng tfaang do faoan chinfa.
Phin ticfa tuang quan tuyen tinh- Phin tich fadi quy tuyin tinfa bdi da biin tiidng thudng (Kilm tta md hinh va kiim djnh iy thuyit).
- Thio luan kit qud xu Iy sd lilu, so sdnb cdc ngfaien ciru trudc ddy- Dua ra kit lugn.
3.2 Phinmg phap chgn quan sat Tfaeo cdc nha ngfaien ciiu Hair vd ctv nam 1998, tfai di chpn kich thudc quan sat nghien eiiu phii hgp ddi vdi pfadn ticfa nhan to khim phd EFA cd quan sdt tii tiiiiu N>5*x (x : la tdng s6 biin quan sat). Theo Tabaehnlck va Fideel (1996) dk tiin hanh phdn tich hdi quy ciia mgt each tot nhit tfal cd quan sdt tdi thieu cin dat dugc tinfa tfaeo cfing tfaiic N> 50+8m (ttong do m Id biin dfic ldp). Cdn theo Bentiou va Chou (1987) thi sd lugng quan sdt cho mdi tham sd udc lugng Id 5 quan sdt Nfau vly, ttong nghiin ciru ndy di pfaii fagp vdi cde n ^ i l n ciiu ciia cdc tac gid tten vd pfaii fagp voi ngfailn ciiu ciia minfa tfal tdc gid sii dung sd quan sat iing vdi 39 biin quan sat vi 8 tfainh pfain l i : N> max (5x39;
50+ 8x8) = (195, 114)= 195 quan sdt Dy doin qui ttinfa phdt bdng cdu fadi ra de tfau tfaap dfi lilu tfai cd nliiing bdng edu hdi khdng hgp II vi dl dy pfadng tic gii sS lay sd lugng quan sat la 300 quan sit, giM cfao cdc ddi tugng nfain viin tryc tiip sin xuit tfaeo tiy quan sdt pfai xdc sudt tfauan tiin vdi sd lugng li:
60 quan sdt d Lilama7, 60 quan sit d xudng ca kfai Lilama, 60 quan sit d LUama 45-1, 60 quan sdt d Lilama 45-3, 60 quan sit d Lilama 10. Pfauong pfaip phi xac suit thuin tien dya tten sy tfaugn lgi faay dya ttin tinh de tilp can ciia ddi tugng, d ttiiimg nai md tdc gid cd nfaieu kfad nang glp dugc ddi tugng, niu ngudi duge pfadng vin khong dong y till tic gii cfauyin sang ddi tugng kfadc, vi Lilama cd cde cfing ty con ttii dii ca nude va pfadn ldn nhan vlln tryc tiep sdn xuit Iam viec d cfing trudng. Vi thi dl tiit kilm thdi gian nhung vdn ddm bio sd HIu, tdc gii cfagn pfauong pfaip xic suat phi thu|n ti|n. Thdi gian n ^ l n cdu tix thing 4 den tiidng 6/2014.
3.3 Phinmg phap phdn tich s i lieu Phdn tich kit qud thu tbap dugc tu quan sat, kiem dinh dp tin cay cua tfaang do bdng fae so Cronbacfa's alpIia vd pfaan ticfa nfain td EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis). Pfadn ticfa tirong quan, faoi quy tuyin tinfa bdi theo hdi quy da biin thdng tfaudng dugc sir dung di kiim djnh md fainfa nghien ciiu, kilm djnh gid tfauyit va cufii cimg tiiio luin kit qud xu' ly sd lieu vd phdn tich nguyin
Tgp chi Khoa hge Tnidng Dgi hQC Cdn Tho Phdn D: Khoa hge Chinh iri, Kinh le vd Phap lugt: 35 (2014): 66-78 nhan, so sanh vdi cdc ngfailn ciiu truoc ddy sau dd
dua ra gjii pfaip cfaiin luge.
3.4 Mo hinh nghiin ciru dl suit Trin CO sd phdn tich cac yiu tfi inh hudng vd xdy dyr^ tiiar^ do nhu ttin, tdc gid di ngfai md fainfa n ^ l n cihi cde yiu tfi infa hudng din dgng lyc cua nhin viin true tilp sdn xudt vdi cae gid thuyit cic biin quan sdt diu c6 inh hudng din dgng lyc lim vi$c cua nhdn vlln.
Tii md fainfa ngfailn ciiu gdm 8 yiu td, tdc gid thdo ludn nfadm xiy dyng bing cdu fadi chinh thiic phCi hgp vdi tinfa hinh thyc tl cua Lilama vdi 39 biin quan sdt va bdn biin quan sdt dk do ludng miic do ddng lyc chung. Tit c i cac biln quan sdt ttong eac thdnh phin diu sir dyng thang do Likert 5 b^c voi miic do tuang iing: miic 1 la hoin toan khfing dfing i? vdi phdt biiu, miic 2 khfing ddng ^, miic 3 li binh thuang, miic 4 ddng y vd miic 5 la hodn toin dfing y vdi phit bieu. Kit qud eua pfain ndy la bang edu fadi cfainfa tfaiic dl sii dung khao sat.
Diiu kiin ldm viic ky hi?u la LV vdi 4 biln quan sdt nhu sau : LVI .Cdng ty cd trang h\ day du cdng cy dung cu, bdo hg lao dgng noi ldm vile.
LV2.Dilu kiln ldm vile an toan vl sinh khdng ddc hgi. LV3.Dieu kiln lam vile va sdng d cdng trudng CO diy dii tiin nghi v i sach si. LV4.Dilu kien lim vile cd ddm bdo siic klide cho nhdn viin.
Su dn dinh trong cong viec ky failu Id OD cd 2 biln quan sdt la ODl. Nhdn vien khdng lo bi mit vile 6 cfing ty, OD2.C6ng ty hoat dgng on djnh vi failu qui.
Ddo tgo vdphdt triin ky hieu l i DT gfim 4 biin quan sat DTI.Cdng ty cd chuong ttinh ddo tao phat ttiin thudng xuyIn phi hgp. DT2.Cdng t;^ luon tao diiu kiln cho nfadn viin phdt ttien tay nghi vd ndng cao ky nang lim vile. DT3. Cfing ty ludn tgo ca hOi cho nfadn vien tfaang tlln vd phdt triin. DT4.
Nfain viin biit dieu kiln cln di phat ttiin.
Vdn hda doanh nghiip k]? hieu la VH gdm 6 biin quan sat nfau: VH I.Nfadn viin ty Iido ve thuang hieu cdng ty. VH2. Nhan viin nhdn thdy toin bg dii tdc khich hing ddnh gii cao thuang
failu cfing ty. VH3.NIidn vien ylu tfaich vdn hda cdng ty. VH4.Cdng ty cd chien luge phit ttiln bin viing. VH5.Nhan vlln tfaay vdn fada cdng ty pfaii hgp VHd.Cdng ty ludn tgo ra sin phdm ed chit lugng eao.
Quan hi ddng nghiip ky failu Id DN gdm 5 bien quan sat nfau: DNl. Dfing ngfaiep ddng tin cay va trung tfayc.DN2. Dong nghiep phdi hgp Iam viec tdt vdi nhau. DN3. Ddng nghiip thudng san se kinh nghiim vd giiip dd ttong cdng vile, cudc sdng. DN4. Ddng ngfailp tfaodi mdi, vui vl faoa ddng. DNS. Ddng ngfaiep biet hgp tac ldm viec nhdm.
Luang vd che dd phuc lgi ky fai?u la LP gfim 7 bien quan sit nfau: LP 1.Tiin lucmg dugc trd xifaig ddng vdi cfing siic nhin viin bfi ra. LP2. Luang ed ddm bio dugc cugc song cua ngudi lao dfing v i gia dinh. LPS. Chinfa sdch khen thudng cd kjp thdi, rd ring va cdng khai, minh bgch. LP4.Cfai dfi pfaiic Igi cd da dang, ddy dii vd diing ddi tugng lao ddng dugc hudng. LP5 .Ngudi lao ddng cd hii long vdi chfnh sdch phtic lgi ciia cdng ty. LP6.Chi do phiic Igi, luang, thudng cd tti diing thdi han va tfada ddng chua?. LP7.Cfainh sdeh lucmg, thuong, che do phiic Igi da thyc sy quan tim tdi nhin viin hay chua?
Su tu chu trong cdng viec ky hllu Id TC gdm 5 bien quan sdt nfau: TCI. Chip n h ^ riii ro bdi sing tgo va cii tiin. TC2. Dugc quyln quylt djnfa mdt so cdng viec pfaii fagp vdi ndng lye eua nfaan viin.
TC3. Duge tiiam gia vao viec l|lp kl hogch sin xudt TC4. Nhdn viin dugc phdn chia cdng vile hgp ly. TC5. Nhan vien duge tham gia vdo cdc quylt dinh cd inh hudng din cdng vile ciia minfa.
..^^f^pnsMdchJ^hf.dao,]/di hiiu li LD gfim 6 biln - qiJan*sd^EDi I? Ldrih^dao*ddnfa gid thdnh tich nhan vien cdng bdng vd cd ghi nhgn. LD2. Lanh dao cd giiip dd vd hS ttg nfain viin faodn tfadnfa tfit cfing vile duge giao. LD3. Ldnfa dao ed cung cip thdng tin phdn faoi giiip nhdn vien cdi thiin hieu suat cdng vile. LD4. Lanh dgo ludn bio v | quyln lgi eho nfain viin. LD5. Lanh dgo tin tudng khi nang cua nfadn vien. LD6. Ldnfa dao kfaio leo t l nhi khi phe binh.
Tgp ehi Khoa hge Tmdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn D: Khoa hgc Chinh trf. Kinh ti vd Phdp ludt: 35 (2014): 66-78
Bien quan sat: 4 - ^ Di6u kien iam vi^c Bien quan sat: 2 Sir on dinh trong cfing vi6c Biin quan sat: 4 - • j S a o tao va phat trifin
Bien quan sat: 6 Bien quan sat: 5
-•• Van hoa doanh nghiep -^\ Quan he d^ng nghiep
Bien quan sat: 7
phtic Igi Bien quan sat: 5 Sy t y chu trong
cong viec
Dgng lyc lam viec
Bien quan sat: 6 Phong each lanh
dao
Hinh 1: Md hinh nghiin ciiu de xuat 4 Kf:T QUA VA THAO LUAN
4.1 Ket qua vl quan sat nghien ciin Quan sdt trong nghiin ciiu dugc chgn theo phuang phip thuan tiin, kich thudc quan sit n = 300. Sau kfai phong vin tryc tilp faoic giin tilp (bdng email, diln tfaogi, facebook) nfadn vien tryc tiep sin xuat tgi cic cong ty thinh viin cua Lilama I rthi6ng,qua^bing._cdu hdi, tiin hdnh tap fagp bang cdu II hdi*xe'mOief vd ldgi"bd nhfing bang cau hdi nhem vl khdng dgt ylu ciu. TJ 11 pfadn hii thyc ti la 74,3% (223/300). Sau kfai kiim tta tinfa hgp 11 cd 08 pfaieu kfadng dgt ylu cau (chilm 2,5%) hi loai bd. Sd pfaiiu phdn fadi hgp II la 215 phiiu (71,67%) dugc dua vao phdn ti'efa. Pfadn loai 215 ngudi tham gia tti Idi theo thanh phdn gidi tinh, tudi tdc, trinh dg hgc van, thdi gian cdng tac, vj tti cdng vi|c vd miic tfau nfaap trudc kfai dugc dua vao xiily.
Kit qui cfao thiy: ty II nam cao han nfaiiu lin so vdi na day cung Id ddc tfau ciia nganh cfing nghiip, cy the ty 11 nara chiem 85,2% va nii chiira 14,8%. Dg tudi tii 21 - 30 cfaiem ty II eao nhit 55,5%, do mdi tii 31 - 40 chiim 21,3%, dg tiidi tu 41-50 cfaiim 17,3%, ty 1| thip nfait Id dg mfii tren 50 chiim 5,8%. Kit qud ttin phii hgp vdi thyc ti vi
nhin viin tryc tilp sin xuat tiiudng nam ttong dfi mdi tii 21 din dudi 40 tuoi da phin cd ttinfa dfi fagc vin tii tnmg edp ngfae vd eao ding cfaiem 66%, dgi fagc chilm 28% vd cdn lai 6% cd trinh dg sau dgi hgc. Ty 11 niy phii hgp vdi thyc tl, vl nhdn viin ttyc tiep sdn xudt tfaudng la cie cdng nfadn cd tay nghi trung cip vd cao ding, cdn gudn ly d^i, td nfadm li dai hgc vd sau dai hpc. Sd n ^ d i cd thdi gian cdng tdc dudi 3 ndm cfaiim 52,4 %, ixt 3 din 5 ndm cfaiim 15,3% va tten 5 nim cfaiim 32,3%.
65.6% la nfadn viin true tiip sdn xuit 14% Id ki todn, 15,3% Id qudn Iy dgi, 5,1% la cip qudn ty cao faan. Da phdn nfaan viin cd tfadi gian cdng tic d cdng ty failn tgi dudi 3 nam, chiira gan m0t nua ttong sd lugng quan sat, diiu niy cho tfaiy vi|c gdn kit vdi td chiic khdng cao cd 8,6% nhdn viin cd thu nhgp dudi 3 trieurtiidng, 22,4% cd tfau nfaap tii 3 din dudi 6 tri$u ddngrthdng, thu nhgp tii 6 din 10 ttilu chiim 53,3% vd 15,7% cd tiiu n h ^ tii 10 ttigu ddng/thdng ttd len. Kit qui thong kl cfao tfady, miic thu nhdp eiia nhin viin nam ttong khoang 6 - 1 0 trieu cfaiim ty 1$ cao, pfau hgp vdi thyc te hiln nay, vdi tinfa hinh Igra phit tdng miic lucmg ndy la miic luong hgp ly cfao nfaan viin de duy tri duge cugc song.
Tgp ehi Khoa hgc Tmdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phin D: Khoa hgc Chinh Iri, Kinh li vd Phdp lugt 35 (2014): 66-78
Bang 1: Bang sd lieu quan sat
Gidi ti'nh Dd tudi (tudi) Thdi gian cdng tdc (nam)
Trinh do
hoc van Thu nbap(tri$u)
85,2 14,8 55,5 21,3 17,3 100% 100%
^di3 3-5 • 52,4 15,3
100%
Wn 5 T(
32,3
:-CD DH 66 28
100%
SDH 3 3-6 6-10 6 8,6 22,4 53,3 15,7
100%
Ngudn So liiu khdo sal 2014 4.2 Kit qua kilm djnh tfaang do T h ^ g do dugc ddnh gid tfadng qua cdc phuong phap: ddnh gia do tin ciy, pfaan ticfa nhdn tfi khim phi. Vile kilm djnh thang do thong qua vile sii dung fae so tin cdy Cronbaeh's Alpha dl kiem djnh mtic tuong quan gifta cde bien quan sdt. Nlu bien quan sdt cd miic tucmg quan so vdi bien tdng nhd han 0,3 si bj loai, ddng thdi ddm bao he sd tin cgy ldn hon 0,6.
Bdng 2: Bdng kiem dinh tfaang do chi tiit cho tit cd cac bien so trong md hinh
stt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Thang do Van hoa doanh nghidp Sir fin dinh trong cong viec Co hgi dao t^io va phat trien M6i quan he voi ddng nghiep Dieu ki^n lam viec Luang v^ chS do phuc Igri Sir tir chii trong cong viec Phong each lanli d^o Dong luc chung
H£sd Croabach's Alpha 0,927 0,889 0,881 0,912 0,911 0,883 0,703 0,882 0,903 Ngudn: So liiu khdo sdt 2014
HI s6 Cronbacfa's Alpha cua thang do "Luong vd cdc chi do phiic lgi" thdnh phin thang do gfim 7 biin quan sat ky failu tii LPI din LP7. Hg sd tin cdy Cronbaeh's Alpha = 0,791 > 0,6 HI sd tuang quan gifta biin tfing diu ldn han 0,3. Tuy nhien, ta thiy niu bd di biin LP5. Ngudi lao ddng cd hii long vdi chinh sich phiic lgi ciia cfing ty? tiii h | s6 Cronbacfa's Alpha = 0,883 >0,79L vi vay tac gid quyit djnfa logi bo biln LP5.
Kit qui dinh gii fae sd tin cdy Cronbacfa's Alpha ciia cic bien cjuan sat diu ed hi sd tuang quan gifta bien tdng (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) ttin 0,3 vd he sd Cronbacfa's Alpfaa
eiia cdc tfaang do diu > 0,6. Do dd, tit cd 8 thang do vdi 38 biin quan sat nay diu dugc su dung tilp tuc trong budc phdn tich nhan to (EFA) tiep theo.
4.3 Kit qua phdn tieh kfadm pha (EFA) Phdn tich nfain td khdm phi dugc sii dung di kilm dinh gid ttj eac kfadi nilm cila thang do, tiieo nfad nghien ciiu Clack & Watson (1995) thi nhiing bien quan sit nio cd trgng sd tdi nhan td nhfi han 0,4 si bj logi. Trong nghien ciiu nay, phuang phdp trich he sd thanli phin chinli (Principal component) dugc su dung vdi phip xoay nhin td la Varimax vd cfai sd dgi diln cho lugng bien thiin dugc gidi thich bdi nhdn td ldn han 1 (Eigenvalue>l) (Ngpc vi Trpng, 2005). Gii trj tfing phuang sai ldn hon hoac bing 0,5 se dugc chdp thuan (Hair vd c/v, 1998, Holmes-Smitii, 2001).
Thang do cdc yiu td tgo dgng luc ldm viec cho nhin viin gdm 8 thang do vdi 38 biin quan sit dugc dua vio phdn ti'efa nfain tfi EFA. Trong phdn tich khira pha, kit qua cd 8 nhin td dugc nit ra vdi tdng pfaucmg sai trich bdng 72,49%, cdc thanh phin CO he sd chuyin tdi dat yeu cau (>0,5) ddm bdo miic y nghia ttong phan tich nhdn tfi. He sd KMO=
0,881> 0,5; miic y nghia Sig.= 0,000 cho tiiiy phin tt'ch nhan ti va gid thuyet ve ma ttgn tuong quan tdng thi li md trdn ddng nhat bj bdc bd, tiic Id cac biin CO tuang quan vdi nhau vd thda man dilu kiln ttong phdn tich nhin tfi. Sii dyng phep quay Varimax, kich thudc quan sat n = 215, kit qud sau klti logi cac hi s6 truyin tai < gin bdng 0,5 thi cd 8 biin quan sit bj loai bd (VH6,0D1, DT1,LV2,TC1,DN5,0D2,LD6). Cdn Igi 30 biin quan sat dugc dua vao phan tich mfit ldn nua, de dam bao cdc bien quan sat thugc cdc nhdn td ed he sd tii nhan tfi Idn han 0,5 va dugc phdn bd deu tten cdc nhan ti. Kit qua phin tich nhan td cho thiy cd 7 nhdn td dugc nit ra vdi tfing phuang sai trich bing bdng 69,98%.
Tgp ehi Khoa hge Tmang Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn D: Khoa hoe Chinh Irs. Kinh ti vd Phdp lugt: 35 (2014): 66-78
Bang 3: Ma trin xoay nhan td trong kit qua phan ticfa nhdn td Ky hi£u
LVI LV3 LV4 LPI LP2 LP3 LP4 LP6 LP7 VHl VH2 VH3 VH4 VH5 DN4 LDI LD2 LD4 LD3 DT2 DNl DN2 BN3 TC2 TC3 TC4 TC5 DT3 DT4 LD5 KMO HS s6 tii Phucmg sai
1 ,794 ,766 ,653
0,881
>0,5 trfch 69,98 Nguon So lien khao sal 2014
2
.803 ,733 ,711 ,676 ,665 ,664
Theo Bang 2, sau khi thirc hien phSp xoay, cac nhan to c6 sir xao trpn giOa bien quan sit cua cac Bang 4: Cic nhan td sau phep xoay
Nhan t6 HI H2 H3 H4 HS H6 H7
Ten nhan to Bieu kien lam viec Luang va chS dO phuc van hoa doanh nghigp
nhan to
lai Mdi quan hg voi lanh dao Moi quan he voi dong nghiip S\r tir chu trong cong viec Ca hoi dao tao va phat trien
Nban to 3 4
,823 ,779 ,778 ,706 ,700 ,633
,873 ,828 ,811 ,951 ,939
L|,[,.|.li|i4.
5 6 7
,793 ,698 ,655
,788 ,767 ,665 ,661
.951 ,938 .652
fm—
thanh phin ndn phii dat ten lai cho nhan td mdi nhir sau:
Cic quan sit LV1,LV3,LV4 TL1,TL2,TL3,TL4,TL6,TL7 VH1,VH2,VH3,VH4,VH5,DN4 LD1,LD2.,LD4,LD6, DT2 DN1,DN3,DN3 TC2,TC3,TC4, TCS DT3,DT4, LD5 Nguon: So lieu khao sal 20N
Tgp chi Khga hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn D: Khoa hgc Chinh tri. Kinh li vd Phdp lugt: 35 (2014): 66-78 Tfaang do dfing lye lara viec chung kfai pfain
tich EFA, 4 biin quan sdt tir DLCl din DLC4 cua thang do dgng lyc ldm vi?c chung (muc do dgng Itec chung khi ldm viic) dugc nfadm tfadnfa mgt nhin tfi, kfaong ed biln quan sdt ndo hi loai. KMO bing 0,779, phuong sai trich bing 68,28%, fai sd tai nfain td ciia 4 bien quan sdt deu Idn hon 0,5.
4.4 Kilm dinh sir phii hgp eua md hinh nghien cuu
Sau khi qua giai doan phin tich nhin td (EFA), cd 7 nfadn td dugc dua vdo kiim djnh md hinh. Gid trj cua timg nhin td la gii ttj trung binh ctia cie biin quan sdt thinh phin thudc nhdn td dd. Kit qud eiia phdn tich hdi quy bfii theo hdi quy da biin thdng thudng si dugc sii dung de kiim dinh cdc gii tiiuyit tir H i ' din H7'.
Pban tfch tuong quan
Trudc khi tiin fainh phdn tich hdi quy, tdc gii su dyng he so tuong quan Pearson di lugng hda miic dfi chat cfal ciia mdi Hen he tuyin tinh giiia hai biin djnh lugng. Trong phan tich tuong quan Pearson, khfing co sy phdn bilt giua biin ddc lap va biln pfau thufic ma tdt cd cic biln diu dugc xem xet nhu nfaau Xem xet ma trdn tuong quan giiia cdc biin, nhan td dfing lyc lam vile vi cac nhdn td khac diu cd sy tuong quan tuyin tinh > 0, vi vdy tilp tyc phan tieh fadi quy.
Phdn tich hoi quy
Pfadn ti'ch hoi quy bpi tfaeo hdi quy da biin thdng thudng dugc thyc hiln vdi 7 biin ddc lap bao gdm: Dilu kiln lam vile, luang vd cfae do pfaiic lgi, vdn fada doanfa ngfailp, moi quan he voi lanfa dgo, mdi quan fae vdi ddng ngfailp, sy ty chii ttong cfing viec, ea hgi ddo tao vd phdt ttiln. Di tiin hdnh phin lich hdi quy bgi da biin thdng thudng ciing nhu dua ra ket lugn tir him hdi quy Bang 5: Kit qud hii quy
dgt dugc dg tui cdy titi cin kiim djnh cic gia dinfa cdn tfaiit va sy chudn doin vi sy vi pham cac gii djnh do. Tac gii da tiin hinh kiem tra cde gid dinfa, kit qud eho thiy hiln tuang da c^ng tuyin giiia cae biln khdng dang ki (hi sd phong dgi phuang sai VIF tuang ung cdc biin dgc Igp = 1 (vd nhd hem 10), cdc pfain du cd phdn phfii chuin vd kfadng cd hien tugng tuong quan gifta cic pfain du kfafing cd sy vi phgm vl cic gid djnh. Vdi gid tfauyit ban dau cho mfi hinfa ly thuyit, phuang ttinh hdi quy cd dang nhu sau:
Y = BO + Bl* X1+ B2* X2+ B3* X3+
B4*X4+B5*X5 + B6*X6+B7*X7 Trong dd:
- Y la gii ttj ddng lyc lim vi$c chung vd BO he sd fafii quy
- XI, Bl la gia ttj vi he sd hdi quy ciia thinfa phan Diiu kiln lam vile
- X2, B2 li gia ttj vd he so fafii quy ciia tfadnfa phdn luong vd chl dp phiic Icri
- X3, B3 la gid tti vd hi s i hii quy cua tfainh phdn Van fada doanfa ngltiep
_- X4, B4 Id gid ttj vi h | so hdi quy ciia tfaanh phdn phong cich lanli dao
- X5, B5 la gii ttj va h | so hoi quy ciia tfainh phdn mdi quan he vdi ddng nghiip
- X6, B6 la gia tri va he so fafii quy cua thdnh phin su ty chu ttong cfing vile
~ X7, B7 la gia ttj vi hi s6 hdi quy ciia tfadnfa pfadn CO hgi ddo tgo v i phdt triin
Tilp theo, tac gid tlln hdnh kilm djnh md hinfa ly tfauyit vdi phucmg pfadp dua vio mot lugt (Enter), theo phuang phdp nay 07 biin dgc lap _ vd 1 biln phu thufic se duge dua"vdo mfi fainh ciing mdt liic.
Md hinh R 0,856a
R2 He so xic djnh R2 dieu chinh Dg lech chuin H£ st Durbin- Watson
0,730 0,736 0,536 1,821 Ngudn sd liiu khdo sal cua ldc gid (2014)
Predictors: (Constant), Dilu kiln ldm vile, luong vd cfal dfi pfaiic Igi, VHDN, mdi quan fae vdi Bang 6: Pfadn tfch phuong sai ANOVA.b
Idnh dgo, mfii quan fa? vdi dong ngfaiep, sy ty cfaii ttong cfing vile, ca fa^i dio tgo v i phdt triin.
Md hinh , Hdi quy
Phindu Tdng
Tong sal so 176,292 58,89 231,87
df 7 208 215
Phuvng sai trung binh 25,185 0,283
Th4ng ltd F 87,33
MIJC V nghia ,000a
Ngudn so liiu khdo sdt cua ldc gid (2014)
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Tmdng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn D: Khoa hgc Chinh Iri. Kinh ti vd Ph^ lugt: 35 (2014J: 66-78 '
a. Predictors: (Constant), Dilu kiln Iam viec, luong va che dg pfaiic lgi, VHDN, mdi quan he voi Idnh dgo, mdi quan h | vdi dfing ngfailp, sy ty chii Bang 7: Tdm t i t cac h | so hoi quy chfnh cua mo hinh
trong cdng vile, co hdi dio tao vd phdt ttiln.
b. Dependent Variable: Ddng lyc lim vile
Hingsd DKLV LVCDPL VHDN MQHLD MQHDN STCCV CHDTVPT
H | so chua chuin hda B
-1,658E-17 0,347 0,686 0,597 0,289 0,459 0,203 0,197
Do lech chuan 0,39 0,36 0,37 0,40 0,42 0,38 0,36 0,42
He so chuan Beta 0,348 0,685 0,601 0,301 0,459 0,203 0,201
Thane ke T
8,289 16,213 15,716 6,125 12,148 5,563 5,231
MiK V nehla
.000 ,000 .000 ,000 ,000 ,011 ,018 Ngudn sd liiu khdo sdt cda ldc gid (2014)
a. Dependent Variable: Dgng lyc lam vigc Vdi kit qua dugc ttinh biy d Bing 6, tit ed cdc biin diu cd ^ nghia thing kl Sig = 0,000 < 0,05.
Quan sit cde hg s6 Beta, cd thi thiy ttong 7 thanh phan ciia md hinh nghiin ciiu diu tdc dgng din dfing lyc ldm vile ciia nhan vien.
Phuang trinh hoi quy nhu sau:
Y= 0,686*X2 + 0,597*X3 + 0,459*X5 + a,347xX5 + 0,289, X4 + 0,203*X6 + 0,197*X7
B^ng lyc ldm vile chung = 0,686 * Luang vi chi dfi phiic lgi+ 0,597* Vin hda doanh nghiep + 0,459* mii quan h | vdi dfing nghiep + 0,347*
Diiu ki|n lim vile + 0,289* phong each lanh dao + 0,203* sy ti; chii ttong cfing vile + 0,197* ca hpi ddo tgo vd phdt ttiln.
Phuang ttinh hii quy eho thiy ddng lyc lam vi|c ciia nhdn vien tryc tiip sdn xuit d Lilama cd quan h | tuyen tinh ty Ie thuin vdi luang va cfai dfi phiic lgi, vin fada doanfa nghiip, mdi quan he vdi ddng nghiep, diiu kiln lim vile, phong each lanh dgo, sy ty chii trong cfing vile, ca fafii dao tao va phdt ttien. Trong dd luang vd chi do phuc Igti Id nhdn td cd anfa hufimg nhiiu nhit din ddng lyc ldm vi^c ciia fag. Sau dd din van fada doanfa ngfailp. Kit qui hdi quy tuyin tinfa bgi cho thiy md fainh cd he s6 xic djnh R2 (coefficient of determination) la 0,730 vd R2 diiu cfainh (adjusted Rsquare) la 0,736. Nfau vdy, mfi fainfa gidi tfaich dugc 73,6% tdc dgng ciia cdc yeu t i tdc ddng den ddng lyc ctia nhdn vien. Tfadng qua phuang trinh hdi quy ttin ta eung thdy dugc tim quan ttgng cua cdc biin ttong
md hinfa, cu tfal Id kfai miic dg lucmg vd chi dg phuc lai tdng lln I dan vj tfai raiic dg dgng lyc chung dugc tdng lln tnmg binh 0,686 dan vj trong dilu kiln CO dinfa cae nfaan to cdn Igi. Tuong ty, khi miic dfi cic nhan td vdn hda doanh nghiip, tiot quan hi vdi ddng nghiip, diiu kiin ldm viic, phong cdch lanh dgo, su ly chU trong cdng viic, ca hgi ddo tgo vd phdt triin tdng I dan vi vd cdc ylu ti khic khong doi thi si lam dfing lye lam vile chung tang trung binh lln lugt la 0,597, 0,459, 0,347, 0,289,0,203, 0,197 dan vi.
Sau khi diing hai cfing cy vl ciia phin mim SPSS la biiu dfi Histogram v i dfi thj P-P plot di do tim sy vi pham gii djnh phdn phii chuin ciia phin du tdc gia nhan tfaiy phdn du cd phin phoi cfauin vdi gid ttj trung buih gin bdng 0 vd dfi I$ch cfauin ciia nd gdn bing I (=0,976), cd ngfaTa Ii dii lilu phin du cd pfain pfadi cfauin. Tiip theo li kiim djnh v i tinh ddc ldp ciia pfain du, tdc gid dting dai lugng thing ke Drbin-Watson (d) de kiim djnh.
Vdi dft lieu thdng kl cd dugc d =1,821 thi tinfa dpe lap ciia pfadn du da dugc bio ddm.
4.5 Ket qua thong kl mvc d$ d$ng lyc chung Theo Bang 7 kit qui tiidng kl cho tiiiy nhdn vien dinh gid cdc miic dfi ddi vdi luong vd cfai d$
phuc Igi, van fada doanh nghiep, mdi quan he vdi ddng ngfailp, diiu kiln ldm viec, pfaong cdch ldnfa dgo, sy ty cfau ttong cong viec, co h^i dao tao va pfaat triln vd ddng lyc chung d miic dd vira chii khdng cao. Cao nhit tton^ bdng la luang vd efai dfi phuc Igi d mirc 4,03, thip nhit Id ca fagi dao tao pfadt ttien 3,11, miic do dgng lyc chung Id 3,29.
Tgp chi Khoa ttgc Tmdng Dgi hgc Can Tho Phdn D: Khoa hgc Chinh In, Kmh ti vd Phdp ludt: 35 (2014): 66-78
Bang 8: Kit qua thing ke vi mixc do d$ng lyc chung Y«ut6
1 Lirang va chd dd phtic loi 2 Van hoa doanh nghidp 3 Moi quan hd vai ddng nghiep 4 Didu kien lira viec 5 Phong cich lanh dao 6 Sir tir chi trong cdng viec 7 Co hai dio tao vi phit tridn
Dong lire lim viec chung
Quan sat 215 215 215 215 215 215 215 215
Thap nhat 1.17 1,12 1,05 1,04 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,35
Cao nhat 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Trung binh 4,03 3,98 3,47 3,28 3,25 3,15 3,11 3,29
D9 Idch chuin 0,0578 0,0525 0,0521 0,0621 0,0630 0.0667 0.0602 0,0601 Ngudn sd lieu khdo sdt cua tdc gid (2014)
5 KET LUAN
Kit qua ngfailn ciiu xic djnh dugc biy tfadnfa pfain ttong thang do ddng lyc: Dilu kiln lim.yiec, luang vd che dfi phile lgi, vdn fada doanh nghiep.
mdi quan hi vdi Idnh dao, moi quan he vdi ddng ngfaiep, sy ty chii trong cdng vile, ca fadi dio tgo va pfadt ttien dnh hudng din dgng lyc ldm vile ciia nfadn vien true tiep sdn xudt ciia Lilama. So sanfa vdi cae ket qua trude nfau sau:
Bang 9: Ket qua thang do dgng lyc dya vao md hinh Kovach (1987) trong nird'cva thi gidi Nghiin cuu cong ty Wanda Roos (2005)
Mineapolis Gas 1945-1965 vdi 44.000 lao dfing
Nguyen Nggc Lan Vy Nghien eihi eiia tac gia VHDN
(2010) (2014)
LAn todn on dinfa 2.TiinbO cong vile 3.Diiu kiln cong vile 4. VHDN
- Sy fadi ldng cdng viec Linh dao
Dil ngo Ldnfa dgo Sy phii hgp cdng vile VHDN Ddng ngliilp
Luong va chl do VHDN
Mfii quan hi dfing nghiep Dieu kiln lam viec Mdi quan hi lanh dao Sy ty cfaii cdng viec Ca fadi ddo tao vd pfadt ttien Ngudn do tdc gid suu ldm 2014
Nhin vdo Bdng 8, sy cd mdt nhom ylu td "Vin hda doanli nghiep" trong thinfa phin thang do ciia nghien ciiu ttong nude va thi gidi giiip ciing cd thim dfi tin cay cho kit qud nghiin ciiu ciia tdc gii kfai dua nhin td vdn fadald6Sih5igtiilpSad!nghien~
ciiu dfing lyc lim vile eua nfain viin true tiep sin xuit cila Lialama. Mae du ttin nghiin ciiu ciia Kovach (1987) khdng neu rd yiu tfi ndy.
Thyc ti failn nay, tai Lilama chua cd dl tai ndo nghiin ciiu vl dnh hudng eiia v ^ hda doanh nghiip vdi dfing lyc ldm vile cung nhu chua xay dyng mgt quy ttinh van hda doanfa ngfailp tfadng nfait. Trong kfai xdy dyng dugc vdn fada doanfa ngfailp tgo tiin dl cho Lilama qudn ly han 25.000 lao dfing vdi cdc mdi trudng tap qudn khic nhau diu hda ddng ttong radi trudng cfaung ciia doanfa nghidp. 6 cdc doanfa nghiip "Cd thuang hieu, cd van hda doanh nghiip" thi thudng cdc chinfa sdch vi luong tiiudng, phiic Igl, chinh sach ddi ngd, bo tti cdng vile tgo mfii trudng dugc thyc hi|n tot thiic diy dugc eic doanh nghi|p phdt ttiln. Do dd.
ddng lyc lim vile ciia nfadn vien bj anfa faudng bdi ylu tfi ndy. Mgt ddc diim nira Id khi nhan viin lam vile tai cac doanh nghiep "Cd thuong hiiu, cd vdn hda doanh nghiip" khi chuyin vile thi diu dugc tiiyin chgn nhiiu faon so vdi nhdn vien d cdc doanfa n ^ i l p it ed tfauong hi?u. Vi thi cin tao vdn hda doanfa nghiip cho Lilama.
Tu nghiin ciiu ciia minh va vile so sdnh vdi sy nghiin cuu eua cac nhi ngfailn ciiu ttong nude vi tfai gidi, tie gii dua ra cdc biln pfaap dl tgo ddng lyc cfao nhin viin tryc tilp sdn xuit ciia Lilama nhu sau:
Giai phap 1. Nhdra nfain td tao ddng lyc lim viec cho nhdn vien bln^ xiy dyng thuang hieu vd vdn hda cong ty bao gfim: vdn hda doanh ngfaiep, mfii quan he ddng nghiip, mdi quan he laitii dao.
Dl xiy dyng thuong hieu vi van fada cdng ty cin: Xay dyng thuang hieu npi b$, nfaan dien dugc gii tti cfit Idi, xdy dyng mdi quan he tuong ho giiia van hda vi tfauong hieu, tao sy an tdm eho cdng
Tgp ehi Khoa hge Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn D: Khoa hoe Chinh tri. Kinh li vd Phdp lugt: 35 (2014): 66-78
nhdn, vile niy cdn cd mdt nghien ciiu cy tfal vd xdy dyng mgt quy trinfa vdn fada cfao Lilama tfaeo chuin Chau A (Se ed ngfaien ciiu cy tfae ciia tac gii vl ITnfa vyc nay).
Giai phdp 2. Nfadm nhdn td tao dgng lyc lira vile cfao nhin viin bang ehinh sdch dai ngg bao gdm: luong vi chl dp phiic Icri, ca hdi dio tgo vi thdng tiin.
Dl cfainfa sdcfa ddi i^d pfauc w failu qud cho vile thiic diy todn bd nfaan vien hudng tdi muc tieu phit triln tjln vung cua doanh ngfaiep, chinh sach dai ngp cdn dugc xdy dyng theo cac nguyin tic sau: Cd sy thay ddi vl Icri ich dugc hudr^ phii cd tic dfing dii Idn dt khuyin kfaicfa CBNV Iam ting ndng sudt vd failu qui faon. Vi phai dugc cdng khai dl toin bg cde tfadnfa vien diu failu rd ca chl dai ngfi cua cdng ty. Phdi cdng bang vd hgp 1^, don gidn de thyc failn, cd tfal cgnh tranh vdi doanfa nghidp cimg qui md, ITnfa vyc hogt dpng. d Lilama ed till dp dyng cac bien pfadp nfau: Luong theo kit qua cdng vile vd kha nang, thdng cfaiic faoac ttao tfalm quyin han, thudng tfaeo kit qud cdng vile, chuang trinh bilu ducmg tfainfa ti'ch, ttao bdng khen, bdo hiim siic khoe vd bdo faiim nhan tfag, lam giiu ngi dung cfing vile, chucmg trinh hfi ttg mua cic tii sin ed gid tti ldn nfau nfaa, d td, cai tiin mdi trudng lira vile, du lich faoac cdc ky nghi dgc bi|t, thudng ed philu.
Giai phdp 3. Nhdra nhin td tao ddng lyc lam vile cho nhin vien bdng cdng vile bao gdm: sy ty ehii cfing vile va dilu kiln Iam vile.
^t tfayc failn gidi phdp ndy thi cfing ty cdn:
Ldm cfao nfadn viin hieu dugc cdng vile ciia hg ddng gdp vdo muc tiiu vd cfaiin luge pfaat triln ciia cdng ty nfau thi nio? Nhdn vien dugc tfaam ^ a vdo cde quyet djnfa dnfa fauong din cdng vile ciia hg, kfauyen kfaicfa dl nhdn viin phdt triin cdng viec theo faudng cfauyin ngfailp, giao quyln hgn pfaii hgp tucmg iing vdi trdch nhilm ttong cdng viec.
Pfaan cdng cdng vile fagp ly, cii tiiien diiu kiln an d lira vi|e tgi cfing trudng, rauc tiiu cdng vile phii fagp vdi tiing pfadng ban vi dpi cdng truong.
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