(INTRODUCTION A N D EXCHANGE) TRAO BOI, GIOI THIEU CHUYEN AIGANH |
Ddnh gid cdc yeu to dnh htfdng vd gidi phdp tdng ctfdng stf tham g i a cua cong dong trong phdt trien cd sd hq tdng dtfdng giao thong nong thon tinh Dong Nai
» Ths. NGinreni X U A H QUYET HOC WEN NONG NGHIEP VIET NAM
> PGS. T S . DINH TUAN HAI TRUOWG D M HOC KIEN TRUC HA N O I
IBal nhm ngdy 23/09/201S, hodn chlnh sia chda ngdy 30/09/2015)
T O M T A T : Tinh den CUOI nam 2013 toan tinh Dong Nai CO 8.506 km di/dng giao Ihdng nong tlion (Oudng lien xa, lien thon, lien xdm, ngo hem »a di/dng ttuc chinh ndi ddngl, Nhdng ty le da M tdng/nhda hoa/cdng hoa chictiiem51,S% Sdtham gia cua cdng dong vda qua da va dang gdp phan day nhanh tdc dd phat tnen cd sd ha tang giao thdng ndng Ihdn (CSHT GTNT), dudi cac hinh thdc tham gia ddng gdp tien bac, ngay cdng, vat li$u tai cho, dat dai, . vdi mUc dd va kft qua tham gia cdn han che so vdi nhu cau va kha nang, Bai viet phan tich cac yeu td i n h hddng den sd tham gia va de xua't mdt sd giai phap nhSm tang Cddng su tham gia cua cdng ddng ttong phat men CO sd ha t5ng giao thdng ndng thdn d Oong Naindi neng va Vift Nam hdl Chung, bdn canh viec ke thua cac bai hoc va kmh nghiem thdc tien dViet Nam va nudc ngoai,
Tir khda: SlJtham gia, cdng ddng, CSHT GTNT
ABSTRACT: Unhl to 2013, Dongnai Piovince has 8,506 km
of luial tiaffic infrastiucluie (included between village, mtei- hamlel, hamlels, alleys and intenoi helds) Sut concieled/ as- phalt/ surface tieatment lalio is only 51,8 % The paiticipation of community was contnbuhng Io hasten Ihe development of Itaffic's infiasliuclute fot luial aieas as money, maleiials, wotk- days, lands,. But the result is limit to compaiision vnth the needs and ablilities of community The atticle mennon influ- ence of laaois and propose solotion basic f o i encourage and inciease the paiiicipalion o l community in the development of traffic's inliasliuctuie f o i lural aieas in Dong Nai and Viet- nam, in common with expeiiences and leally lesson of Viet- nam and foieign counliies
Keywords: Patticipahon, community, lural traffic infiasliucluie
Q
ua long ket viec thuc hien thi diem Nghi q u y f t sd 26/NQ-TW v4 'Ndng nghidp ndng dan va ndng thdn" [ I ] va Quyft dinh sd 800/QO-TTg cua Thu tddng Chmh phu ve phe d u y f t Chddng ttinh muc neu qudc gia VI; xay ddng ndng thdn mdi giai doan 2010-2020 117] cho thSy Chdong tiinh p h f t tfien ndng thdn da dal ddoc mdt sd ihShh tdu budic dau nhdng nhm chung dai bd phan viing ndng thdn kmh le -
xa hdl (KTXH) cdn kem phal men M d l trong nhdng nguyen nhan la su yeu kem ve he Ihdng cd sd ha tang giao Ihdng ndng thdn
Chi unh den cap xa thi he Ihdng dudng huyen va duong xa hien nay la khoang 1/6 863 km, chiem 5057% tdng chieu dai mang luoi duong b d trong do dddng huyen 45 999 km. chiem 15,75%, dudng xa 130 864 km, chiem 44,81% Ngoai ra.
con m d l mang Iddi dddng thui/ vdi he thdng sdng, kenh rach day dac vao loai t f t nhai ttong khu vdc Gia tn ciia hi;
Ihdng GTNT len Idi nhieu ty dd la neu khdng dUdc khai Ihac, quan Ii, bao t h i o l se la m f t su [ang phi lai ldn va anh hudng de'n sd ddng ngudi hudng loi [161
Td nay de'n 2020 Vift Nam can khoang 1 5 0 - 1 6 0 ti USD cho dau I U CSHT (Trong
* dien 40 ti, dddng bd 53 ti, dudng sat
il TWEU CHUYEIH M G U H (INTRODUCTION A N D EXCHANGE)
3 ti va eang bien la 25 ti). Nhu vay, moi nam can khoang 15 - 16 ti USD [2] Vai kha nang hien nay cac nguon von tnjyen thong cua nha nudc nhu vdn ngan sach, ODA, Trai phieu, . cung chi Sap ifng dUde khoang 50% nhu cau dau t u Nha nudc khflng the nao 8ii kha nang xay dung CSHT cho moi cap do nen viec tham gia cua mot thanh phan la tat yeu.
Hon nifa, CSHT nong thon phuc vu ehinh eho ngudi dan nong thon, eong dong nong thdn nen tham gia cua cong dong bao d^m sU t)en vCng cua no. Mudn huy ddng su tham gia cua cgng dong trong phat tfien CSHT GTNT thi trudc het can nghien cilu cac co sd ly luan va thuc tien de dua ra cac gi^i phap, eac chinh sach phu hop nhSm tranh nhung sai sdt va khong day du
Tren co sd d^nh gia thuc trang su tham gia, vS phan tich cac nhan to tac ddng den su tham gia cua cdng ddng trong phat tnen CSHT GTNT thdi gian gua, bai Viet d ^ xuSt mot sd gt^i phap ehu yeu nhSm tang eudng su tham gia eua cdng dong trong phat trien CSHT GTNT d Dong Nai ndi neng va Viet Nam ndi chung
1. Thin: trang sir tham gia Gua cong ddng trang phllt trien CSHT GTNT Dong Nai
1.1. Hiin trgng vd nhu cdu phdt triin CSHT dudng GTNT
a) Thuc trang CSHT dudng GTNT cua Dong Nai
La mdt trong nhUng tinh di dau ea nudc ve phat tnen ndng thon mdi vdi viec tap trung cao cho phat tnen CSHT dudng GTNT, tinh den eudi nam 2013 toan tinh Ddng Nai cd 1.374 km dudng lien xa (da fae tdng/nhua hoa 946 km, chiem 69%), 1 592 km dudng lien thon (da be t d n g / nhua hda 840 km, ehiem 53%), 2.250 km dudng Iten xdm (da ciing hda I 156 km, chiem 51%). 2 182 km dudng ngd hem (da cu'ng hoa 1 084 km, chie'm 50%) va
1 106 km dadng tnjc chinh ndi ddng (da cdng hda 377 km, chiem 34%) [19].
Chat luong dudng GTNT cua tinh theo danh gia cua cflng ddng, cung nhU thong ke khao sat chat luang hien nay la tuong ddl kha ddi vdt dudng true lien xa - thudng do e l p huyen quan ly va phat trien, nen ed dau tU tdt hon. dudng lien thdn, dudng lien xom va dUdng ngd h^m duoc danh gia chung la tnjng binh xau do phan cap dau t u cho cap xa quan ly va phat tnen, nhu'ng dau t u e d n han ch^, pham VI mang ludi lai rflng han,.
b) Nhu cau phdt men CSHT dudng GTNT cua Dong Nai
Phat tnen CSHT GTNT hang nam cua Oong Nai deu tang, nam 2013 toan tinh thuc hien duoc 522,5 km duflng (trong dd. dudng huyen la 179 km - tuang duang 34,3% va dudng xa 343,5 km - tuong duong 55,7%); nam 2014 ke hoach thuc hien da dUOc phe duyet toan tinh la 665,9 km (trong dd, cd 212,3 km dudng huyen va 453,6 km dudng xa) Vdl thue trang CSHT GTNT, nhu cau thiet yeu va tinh cap thiet ciia CSHT GTNT, cdng ddng ngudl dan thudng cd xu hddng mong mudn phat tnen CSHT GTNT loai duflng ngd hem, dUdng li^n xdm va lien thdn, vdl chinh quyen dia phuong thuflng uu tien eho phat tnen CSHT GTNT mang tinh duflng truc/dudng lien xa Nhu vay. xet tren tdng the thi nhu c^u phat trien CSHT GTNT ciia Ddng Nai hi^n nay (a mang tmh cap thiet ddi vdi edng ddng ndi chung.
1.2. ThUe trgng su tham gla cua cgng dong
o) Phdn tich su tham gia rheo ioai hinli tham gia
- Cdng ddng da tham gia cung c3p thdng tin
Khao sat thife te 438 hd cdng ddng U dia phuong cho k i t qui la 94,7% h ^ i l tham gia cung cap thdng tin cho p f l trien CSHT GTNT theo XiSng loai d i ^ giao thdng va chi ed 5,3% hd khdng tham gia cung cap thdng tin. Viec tham gl}
cung c3p thong tin cua cdng ddng cho phat trien CSHT GTNT phy thudc nhiSi vao quyen I d sat thuc eiia chinh o3ng ddng va chi'nh sach keu goi su tham gl^
Dieu dd CO nghTa ia, mudn cong d i n ^ - tham gia, hay keu goi cdng ddng tharf gia can cho edng ddng thay duoc q u M i loi, ma su tham gia cua hp dem laf dtf chinh ho; Ddng thdi, mudn n^ng cao khj nang va hieu qua ciia SM tham gia thl v i l f ' t u y l n truyen, khuyen khieh sutham gra;
theo tirng loai CSHT GTNT hay tifng Sii phuong la rat quan trong,
- Cdng dong da tham gia ddng gflp y kife, chuyen mfln
Cung ttf ket qua kh3o sat tren, cho t h ^ cd den 67,8% sd hd cd tham gia vSovlfe ddng gop y kien cho mdt hay nhi^u cflng doan tren phat tnen CSHT GTNT {x&c dftilt nhu cau va qui hoach, x l y dUng ch&lft sach va ke hoach, ddng gdp ngudn lyQ;
truc tiep thl cdng xay I3p, kiem tra gito sat, to chu'c van hanh vh b^o tri MQ duong, thu hudng va danh gia hi^u q\M' Viec tham gia cua cflng ddng trong diSnj gdp y kien ehii yeu mang tfnh tungu)frij, vl ngufli tham gia ph^i ed hi^u biltfiW^!-' dmh ve van de ma minh tham gia dfing"' gdp y kien. Vi vay. cd 32,2% sd hd tJi/^
k h i o sat khdng tham gia ddng gdp )?l(fSi cho b^t ky cdng doan nSo ciia qui irlnft ph^t tnen CSHT GTNT, do ho nghi rSr^
khdng n3m rd, va hoac khflng cd chuyfin mdn sau.
Nhu vay, viec tham gia dflng gdp y klft|
cho phat [nen CSHT GTNT phu thudc ^ . viec xac dinh trach nhl&m, q u y l n lijfv su hieu biet ciia cdng ddng d<5( vdi t cflng doan trong phai iri^n CSHT <
( l I - m i O D U C T I O N A N D EXCHANGE) TRAO DOI, GIOI THIEU CHUYEW NGflJVH I
^ ' Vfli trach nhiem va quyen loi eang sat vdi nhu cau ciia cdng ddng thl su tham gia eang cao va nguoe lai, Su hieu biet ciia cdng ddng phii hop vdi tCrng nhu cau '-' dong gdp y kten se quyet djnh chat luong
eua sutham gia
J, - Cdng ddng da tham gia xay dung co ehe , chinh sach
Tham gia xay dung eo che ehfnh sach la viec mdt bd phan cdng ddng ngudi dan tham gia vao cac cflng doan xay dung
•' ca che chinh sach eho phat tnen CSHT GTNT. bao gdm eo ehe tham gia va keu
• goi dau tu, co ehe chfnh sach keu goi sy
• tham gia, co c h l tham gia, quyen Igi va ' trach nhiem eiia eac to chirc, nguoi dan, cong ddng,. trong phat men va xay dung CSHT GTNT Viec xay dung co che chinh sach lil lau nay ludn duoe hieu la viec lam eiia ehinh quyen dia phuong, ciia td chdc cflng dong,
Viec tham gia xay dung co che chfnh sach cho phat tnen CSHT GTNT phu ihudc vao sy hieu b i l t ciia cflng ddng doi vdi ti/ng ndi dung trong phat tnen CSHT GTNT, viec xac dmh trach nhiem, quyen loi ciia ban Ihan cdng ddng va cong tac tuyen truyen keu goi su tham gia, Su hieu b i l l cua edng ddng phu hop vdi tirng nhu cau xay dung co che ehinh sach se quyet dmh chat Iuong ciia su iham gia; Viec xac dmh traeh nhiem va quyen loi eiia cdng ddng Iham gia se tac ddng den mde do va lmh than tham gia t u nguyen, cdng tac tuyen truyin se nang eao su hieu b i l t va cung cap thong tin, iac ddng thue day su tham gia ciia cpng ddng
ap dung nhat. Dong then cac ddng gop v l vat chat la loai ddng gop duoc cae ddi tuong tham gia quan tam nhat ea ve mde do tham gia, so luong tham gia va hieu qua sddung,
+ Vdl cac khoan dong gflp bang tien, la loai dflng gdp mang y l u to kmh te t h i l i thuc, Td nam 2006-2010 sd t i l n ma nhan dan ddng gflp la hon 38,7 ty ddng chia deu cho cac nam, Theo bao cao thye hien nam 2012. cdng dong ngUdi dan toan tinh ddng gdp duoe 97,64 ty dong {chiem 18% tdng so von dau tu) cho phat men 432,69 km CSHT GTNT dudng xa trd xudng. nam 2013 con sd nay la 89,93 ty ddng (chiem 25,7% tong sd vdn dau tu) eho phat t n l n 343,5 km CSHT GTNT dudng xa trd xudng va k l hoach nam 2014 dukien keu goi ddng gop 111,6 ty ddng eho ke hoach phat tnen 453.6 km duflng GTNT cap xa trd xudng So tien dong gflp nay chua ke d i n cae khoan ddng gdp l u nguyen ciia nguoi dan cho sda chUa va phat tnen cac loai CSHT GTNT mang t u phat ciia cdng ddng khflng duoc thdng ke bfli cap tinh va hoac cac d u an sira chua, phat t n l n CSHT GTNT t u nguyen bdi edng ddng ngudi dan va eac don VI id ehuc dia phuong khflng bao eao (Ngudn SdGiao thdng Odng Nai)
- Cflng ddng tham gia ddng gop vat chat ( l i l n bac, iao d d n g vSt lieu, dat dai, ) cho phdt trien CSHT GTNT Tham gia ddng gdp vat chat (tien bac, lao ddng, vSl heu, d3t dai, .) la hoat dflng tham gia thiei thyc va thudng duoc cac i d chdc cdng ddng, chmh quyen dia phuong
+ Vdl cac khoan dong gop bang lao ddng va vat heu, la loai dong gflp mang yeu I Id hoat dflng edng ddng, fiau het cac I DACT phal t n l n CSHT GTNT cap xa deu ed su tham gia dong gop ngay cdng t i l edng ddng, dae b i l t la khau qui hoach va tham gia thi cflng; Viec tham gia dong gop ngay cdng the hien tinh edng dong cao boi md hinh hoat dong tap t h l ciia thdi ky XHCN, vdi dac d i l m lam chung an chung fl chung, ciia cong ddng va duoc xem la mdt hinh anh tdt cua tmh than doan ket dan tdc Hien nay, cac loai ddng gdp nay van con pho b i l n , nhung mde do va tmh than itiam gia vira mang iinh t y nguyen, vua mang tmh trao ddi hay bat
budc [khdng ddng gflp tien bac thi dong gflp ngay cdng, ).
+ Vdl cac hoat dong tham gia ddng gop v l dat dai, la loai ddng gdp phd bien ddi vdi phat t n l n m f l rdng CSHT giao thflng ndi chung va GTNT nfli neng Vfli Luat Dat dai hien nay thi viee tham gia nay CO t h l mang iinh t u nguyen (hiln dat), vda mang tfnh trao doi (den bii) Do vay, phat smh cac van de khieu nai, khieu kien, tranh ehap, tieu cdc, lam eham yen do la pho bien trong qua trinh xay dUng phat tnen CSHT GTNT ndi chung
Tdm lai, trong qua Uinh tham gia dong gdp cho phat tnen CSHT GTNT, thl viec tham gia ddng gdp cua cdng ddng ia khdng gidi han ve loai hinh tham gia Do vay, Irong qua trinh keu goi su tham gia eua edng dong, to chdc edng ddng/td chdc ehinh q u y l n dia phuong can iuu y ghi nhan va md rong moi hinh thifc tham gia, lao d i l u kiln eho edng dong tham gia duac t u lua chon hinh thdc tham gia, lua chon kieu tham gia phu hop vdi dieu kiln va ti/ng ca the cdng ddng, nham khai thac tdl da sU tham gia ciia cdng dong b) Phan Uch si/ iham gia rheo miic do liet gua rham gia
Theo k i t qua khao sat diem 438 hd cdng ddng lai dia ban nghien cdu cd den 98,4% sd hd tham gia dong gdp, dac biet CO nhi/ng dia phuong ket qua khao sat la 100% ddng gdp, nhu Xuan Ldc va Tring Bom, chl tiet khao sat su tham gia ciia cong ddng ddi vdi cac hoat ddng tham gia ddng gop vat chat (tiln bac. lao ddng, vat lieu, dat dai, , ) cho phat tnen CSHT GTNT nhusau
- VOI ddng gflp bSng tien, ed tong sd 376 hd tham gia (ehiem ty le 85,8% sd hd duoe khao sat), gflp 3uac 930 trieu ddng, trong do eao nha't la Trang Bom v d n 5 4 hfl (97,5%), gdp 353,5 t n l u ddng Nhon Traeh 76 hd (96,2%), gflp 278 4
'HTf XAVDUNl.i|39
i T t U U l BOI, fflOl THIEU CHUYEM MGUVH (iNTRODUCTION A N D EXCHANGE)
tneu dong; Xuan Ldc 89 hd (78,8%), gdp 166,1 tneu dong, Can bd huyen/tinh 19 hd (76%), gdp 64,3 tneu dong va VTnh Ciru 38 hfl (60,3%), gflp 67,8 tneu ddng K i t qua tham gia ddng gdp nen cho phat tnen CSHT GTNT la kha cao. ven hau h i t cdng ddng ngudi dan dia phuong deu tich cuc tham gia neu cd dieu kien va viec td chdc su tham gia edng khai mmh bach, Khao sat thuc d|a cho thay eae dia phuong dat hieu qua tham gia cao la cae dia phuong cd dieu kien kinh te tot va cflng tac khuyen khich su iham gia mang tinh cflng khai mmh bach tdt
- Vdl ddng gdp bang lao dflng (ngay cdng), tdng sd hd tham gia ia 435 hd tham gia (chilm ty le 99,3% sd hfl duoc khao sat), gdp duoc 930 ngay cdng, irong dd cd 3 dia phuong co ty le iham gia dat 100% la, Nhon Trach gdp 766.5 ngay cdng va Trang Bom gop duoc 1584,5 ngay cdng, Vtnh Ciru cfl 60 hd (ty le 95,2%), gop duoc 462,5 ngay cdng, Xuan Ldc 113 hd, gdp 818 ngay cflng, Nhom can bfl vdi ly le 100% tham gia giam sat vfli 232,5 ngay cdng Theo kel qua dd cd the thay y thuc cdng ddng tai dia phuong la kha tdt, voi t u duy don gi^n la, "khdng cd dieu kien gop tien bac thi gflp ngay cdng'; vi du dien hmh nhu Vinh Cdu, voi Iy le ddng gflp tien bac la thap nhat (voi 60,3%), nhung ddng gdp lao ddng den 95,8% Dieu nay cho thay cflng iac van dong iham gia can b i l l ve d i l u kien tham gia ciia cdng ddng sao cho viec khuyen khich su tham gia la phu hop nhai
- Vdl dong gop bSng vat heu, cd tong sd hd tham gia la 282 hfl (chilm ty le 64,4%
so hd duoc khao sat), ddng gdp cac ioai vat lieu phuc vu cho xay dung CSHT GTNT qui ddl tuong duong 673,1 Ineu ddng, Irong do Nhon Trach 68 hd (86.1%), vat heu chil yeu ia dat, da lai dudng, xi mang va cay ke,. tri gia la 358 tneu ddng, Xuan Ldc 76 hd (78,8%). vat lieu chii y l u la eat va da lam duong, tn gia la 109 tneu
ddng, Trang Bom 85 hd (53,8%), gdp chu y l u la da, dat va gach vfl,. trai dudng, voi tn gia 113,7 ddng; Vinh Cdu cd 33 hd (52,4%), gdp ehil yeu la gach vd, da trSi dudng,.. voi tn gia la 37,4 tneu ddng, Cae can bo huyen/tinh eiia dia phyong eung tieh cue dong gdp lam guong eho tap the, vdl 80% hg tham gia dong gdp cae ioai vat lieu, vfli tn gia la 55,2 t n l u dong Ty le tham gia cua loai hinh dong gop nay kha thap, thap hon cac hinh thdc tham gia khae ehii yeu la do dieu k i l n tham gia cua cac hfl ngUdi dan cdng ddng la khae nhau, VOI t u tudng "co gi gdp nay".
- Vdl dong gflp bang dat, Cfl 310 ho tham gia (tuong duong 70,8% hfl duoe khao sat), dflng gdp duoc 2953,8 m d^t, trong dd- Cao nhat la Nhon Traeh cd 65 ho (82,3%), vdl 965,8 m, Xuan Ldc 86 hfl (78,8%), gdp 640 m, Trang Bom 108 h d gdp 865,2 m, Vinh Cifu cfl 30 ho (47,6%), gdp 229,8 m va can bd huyen/tinh cfl 21 hd (84%), gdp 253 m Viec ddng g d p / hien dat cho phat tnen CSHT GTNT ciia dia phuong la kha tot, voi mde dd ddng gdp phu thudc vao nhu cau ciia phat t n l n CSHT GTNT va cdng tac tuyen truyen van ddng ngudi dan Mae dii hang nam Iy le k h i l u kien, khieu nai ve den bii va
250,00 200,00 15000 10000 5000 -
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GP/WB tfong xay dung dudng giao thong, la pho bien, tuy nhien viec khuyen khfcfe ngudi dan hien dat eho xay dUng, m j rdng duflng xa tai khu vUc ndng thdnjjf:, rat hieu qua, dac biet la dcac dia phuong cd phong trao xay dung nflng thdn mfll tdt. ed tinh than cdng ddng cao,
2. Cac nhan to anh hudng den s v tham ^ a cua cong dong trong phat triS CSHT GTNT
Danh gia eae y l u t d tac dflng den sUIham gia cua edng ddng trong phat trien CSHT GTNT la can t h i l t , nham gflp phan cung' cfl va de ra eae giai phap tang cudng si/
tham gia Viec danh gia cac yeu tci tic dflng dua vao so lieu kh^o sSt vh phin tich dmh tinh, k i t hap dmh luong a) Anil hudng ciia chu truang, cO chf chinh sdch
Ivldcdflanh hudng ciia nhdm nhln tfi CO ehe chinh sach den sutham gia cua cfing dong trong phat tnen CSHT GTNT IS trung binh, vdl danh gia co dd ddc cao nhix,^
d i n la mde do kha i n h hudng vJ Inh huflng nhieu cd dd ddc thap hon theo^
11 danh gia eua 438 hd ddoc khio sit, Cic nhan to tae dong duoc danh giS mile iJ&
i n h huflng/tae ddng d l theo xu h u * 9 '
• Co che Id chi/cho hoat fling tham gil.
• Cochechinhskhchoiultiamgiadia cfing dong
Hinh 1 . B a n h gia N h a n t f i co che, chfnh s i c h tac d d n g din sir t h a m gla ck cong d o n g
(INTRODUCTION AND EXCH.'WGE) TTUO Bdl, GIOI THIEU GHUYCni NGANH |
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• Cong iac [uyen [myen va van Oong rham gia
• 56 lirong ca the cong (36ng san sang tham gu
• So luong ca the cong Song CO rhe rham gia
• Cong rac dao rao cho re Ihe cong dong thsm gia
• Tnnh do chuyen mo ca rhe cong dong
Hinh 2 . D a n h gia N h ^ n t o n g u o n nhan lire tac d o n g de'n sir t h a m gia cua cong d o n g
Chung cua nhdm va cd mde dfl so sanh tac ddng la tuong duong nhau v l ket qua danh gia va mire dd anh hudng cua tUng nhan tdtac ddng [Hinh 1) Tdm iai, nhan td co che co tac ddng den sy tham gia cua edng ddng trong p h i t I n l n CSHT GTNT va mue dd tic ddng/anh huflng ia trung binh theo kit g u i khao sat Mde dfl t i c ddng eiia ti/ng yeu to duoc the hien theo sd lieu phan tich
b) Bdnh gid nhom Nhan rd nguon nhdn lac tdc ddng den su rham gia cua cong dong rrong phdt tnen CSHT dudng GTNT Mile dd i n h hudng/tac dflng ciJa nhom nhan tfl ngudn nhan luc den su tham gia cua cdng ddng trong phat tnen CSHT GTNT la trung binh vdi danh gia co dfl dde cao nhat. k l den la mde dd kha anh huflng v i i n h hudng n h i l u cd dd ddc thap han theo ty le danh gia ciia 438 ho duoc khio sai Cac yeu td tac ddng duoe d i n h gia mUc dd anh hudng/tac dflng deu theo xu hudng chung cua nhdm va cung cd mde dp so sinh t i c dflng la
tuong duong nhau v l kit qua danh gia, k l c i mde dd anh hudng cda timg y l u tfl t i c ddng {Hmh 2)
Tom lai, nhan td ngudn nhan luc cd tac dflng d i n sU tham gia ciia eong ddng trong phat men CSHT GTNT va mUc dd t i c ddng/anh hudng ia trung binh [heo ket q u i khao sai Mere dd tac dflng ciia ti/ng y l u id duoe the hien theo sd lieu phan tich
c) Ddnh gia nhom Nhdn rd nguon rai luc 350,00
(nen, vat lieu, ) rdc dong den su rham gm cua cong dong trong phdi Inen CSHT duang GTNT
Mde do anh hudng/iac ddng cua nhom nhan t d ngudn tai lUcden sutham gia cua edng ddng trong phat tnen CSHT GTNT la trung binh vdi danh g i i ed dd ddc eao nhat, 1<I den la mde dd k h i anh hudng va i n h hudng nhieu ed do dflc t h i p han theo ty le danh gia eua 438 hfl ddoc khao sat Cic yeu to t i c ddng dUOc danh gia miJc do i n h hUdng/tic ddng d i u theo xu huflng chung cua nhdm va cung eo mde do so sanh tae ddng la tuong duong nhau ve ket q u i danh gia, ke ca mde dd anh huflng cua ti/ng y l u to t i c ddng {Hinh 3)
Tom iai, nhan td ngudn tai luc cd t i c ddng den su tham gia cua edng ddng trong phat tnen CSHT GTNT va mde do tac ddng/anh hudng la trung binh theo k i t q u i khao sat IVliJe dd tae ddng cua Idng yeu id duoc the hien theo sd lieu phan ti'eh
d) Ddnh gid nhdm Ntian ro dieu l<ien moi irudng ru nhien vd xd hoi rdc dong den su tham gia cOa cong dong rrong phdt tnen CSHT duang GTNT
Mde dd i n h hudng/tac ddng eiia nhdm nhan to dieu kien mdi truflng t u nhien va xa hoi d i n su tham gia eua cdng dong trong p h i t t n l n CSHT GTNT la Irung blnh vdl danh gia cfl dd dde cao nhat, ke den
•Cong rac iuyen iruyen va van dong donggop
• Si5 ca the cong dong co khS nang s5n sang dong gop
•Muc rhu nhap bmh quan ho/dau nguoi, muc 5ong
• Ty le (Jong gop cua cong dong/rn g;a duan cong rrmh
• Ke hoach, chmh sach huy dong va su dung nguon rai Iuc Hinh 3. Oanh g i i Nhan t o n g u o n tai lire tac d o n g d e n
cong d o n g sir t h a m gia ciia
| n U 0 BOI. GIOI THIEU CHUYEM MGAMH (INTRODUL^TION AND EXCHANGE)
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Hinh 4. Danh gia Nhan to dieu kien moi sif tham gia cua cong dong la mUc dd kha anh hudng va i n h hudng nhieu cfl do ddc thap hon theo ty ie danh gia cua 433 ho duoc khao sat Cac yeu tfl tac dong duoc danh gia muc dd i n h hudng/tac dflng d i u theo xu hudng chung cua nhflm va cung co mue dd so sanh tie dong la tuong duong nhau v l kit q u i danh gia, ke c i muc dd i n h huflng ciia tdng yeu td tic ddng (Hinh 4) Tom iai, nhan td d i l u kien tu nhien va xa hdl CO tac dong den su tham gia eiia cflng dong trong phat tnen CSHT GTNT va mue do tae ddng/anh huflng ia trung binh theo kei q u i khio sai Muc dd iac ddng cua lUng yeu to duoc the hien theo sdlieu phan tich
3. cac giai phap tang cirong s y tham gia cAa cong dang trong phat trien CSHT GTIUT
Qua tnnh nghien cuu su tham gia cua cdng ddng trong phat tnen CSHT GTNT ket hop giua thuc Hen cda ean bfl quan ly Iruc tiep tham gia voi y kien cua cac ehuyen gia. ehung tfli de xuat mdt so giai phap n h i m t i n g cuong su tham gia eiia conq ddng nhu sau
trirdng tiT nhien va xa hoi tac dong den
3.1. Xdy dung ea chi' tbam gia linh hogt, Icethup vdi gui trinh tham gia ed SUphoi hgp chgt che gida cdc ehu the tham gia
Co che tham gia, ket hop vdi qui trinh tham gia la yeu cau bat buoe, nham d i m bao su phdi hop chat ehe giCra cic chu the tham gia, qua do lam tang tinh hieu qua cua su tham gia, gflp p h i n tao mem tin vao id chdc cong ddng, t i e dong true liep den q u y l t dmh tham gia ciia cflng ddng
a) Cache rham gia lmh boat L i viec td chue edng d d n g c i the cdng ddng va chmh quyen eung nhau ihiet lap cac qui dmh n h i m tao dieu k i l n thdng nhat cho viec iham gia eua cac ehu the tham gia, l i m thoa man dieu kien tham gia va phu hop vdi nhu eau, doi hdi eiJa viec tham gia Cd 4 chii the tham gia + Chi'nh quyen, Chmh q u y l n hen k i t vdi dai d i l n td chdc cflng ddng de ban bac cac CO ehe chinh sach cho viec tham gia, ban bac xay dung ke hoaeh, cung nhu Ihdng qua tfl chuc nay de Irien khai tham van edng ddng Ddng thai, ghi nhan tap trung cac p h i n anh ve nhu eau, khieu nai, cac van de iiln quan den phat tnen
CSHT GTNT v i su iham gia, cung nhy cat,' muc tieu truyen thdng dmh hudng Sf^
ca the cdng ddng, Chinh quyen th6i»' qua td chue doan the n h i m muc dfcft truyen thdng rang rai den ea the c$no dong; Chinh quyen lien k i t vfli eic (Jort VI chuyen mfln t d van n h i m thuc hifn c i c k l hoach, d u t o i n , l i l n quan den ki t h u i t trong p h i t tnen CSHT GTNT v i ho^
c i c van de chuyen mdn ve i d chdc, quSi ly su tham gia, Chinh quyen can han d # lam viec true tiep voi ea the cdng donj vi tinh hieu qua trong khuyin khich si;
tham gia v i tinh cdng khai mmh bach trong thuc tien
+ Dai dien Td chuc edng dong, Co chj tham gia ciia Dai dien Td chdc congdSng, l i ed the hen ket vdi chinh quyln/hayt^I ban bae, x i y dung c o c h l cho sy tham gia va cic nfli dung l i l n quan den p h i i tnen CSHT GTNT, k i t hop vdi to chdc doan Vt4 va h o i c t y t r u y i n t h d n g Iham van va Hy^
kien cflng ddng cho c i c van de c l n tham v i n rdng r i i . nhu co c h l tham gia, hlnh Ihyc tham gia, mUc dd tham gia„, c j j ca t h l cdng ddng, k i t hop vdi cic flon VI chuyen mon, t u van tham khio, iha/i) van eac ndi dung lien quan den chuyin mdn, hen quan d i n phattrien CSHT GTNT, nham n i n g cao hieu b i l t va ihdng tin I f u y l n Ihflng cdng d d n g d i m bio tfil da tinh cong khai mmh baeh
+ C i the edng d d n g C o c h l tham gia ciia e i t h l edng dflng, la k i t hop voi To chiS cflng ddng nham tham gia ban bac, gip y, cung cap thdng tin, v l cac ndi dung lien quan d i n su tham gia va eac thflng tin hen quan den phat t n l n CSHT GTNT;
lien k i t VOI to chdc doan the va ddn vj chuyen mfln t u van de n i m bit th6ng Im lien quan phue vu eho quyei dinh Iham gia, q u y l t dmh mde dfl tham g^
(tu nguyen/yeu c i u ] , hinh ihdc tham gii (truc tiep/gian tiep), nfli dung liiam^
(gdp lien, gdp cong, ), dUa tren cic thdng tin duoe eung cap + Td chuc doan the, Co c h l hoai ddnglS ket hop vdl chinh quyen iuyen truyen cfc'
I
(INTRODUCTION A N D EXCHANGE)TlMil DOI. GIOI T U CHUVEN NGAMH |
. CO c h l , chinh sieh,. cho su tham gia v i thdng tin ve phat tnen CSHT GT^fT cho Td chdc cdng ddng (phdi hop iuyen truyin) v i ea the cflng ddng (tuyen t r u y i n m d rdng); t u nguyen tham gia ddng gflp nhu ddl quan tien phong ciia to chUc cflng ddng n h i m Ifli keo ea the edng ddng cimg tham gia, Mue dfl hoat dflng cua td ehde d o i n the da phan dua t r l n tmh t h i n t u nguyen, trd trudng hop duoc chinh quyen y l u c i u va td ehde cdng dong dexuat
+ Don VI chuyen mdn, Co c h l hoat ddng l i k i t hop vfli chinh quyen tham gia tu van, ban bae, c i c van d l lien quan d i n chuyen mdn; ket hop vdi Td chdc edng ddng dien g i i i , eung c i p c i c thdng tin hen quan d i n pha! tnen CSHT GTNT v i hd tro truyen ihdng giii d i p b) QUI trlnh iham gia lmh hoat + Budc 1, la Chinh quyen hoie Dai d i l n td ehde edng ddng d l xuit/khdi xudng nhu c i u p h i t tnen CSHT GTNT va d l x u i t su tham gia, tham van cong ddng ve nhu eiu p h i t t n l n CSHT GTNT + Bufle 2, ia Chmh quyen hoac Dai dien to chiic cong ddng tham van eic don vi chuyen mdn ve cac van de lien quan d i n phat tnen CSHT GTNT v i sutham gia, + Budc 3, la Chinh q u y l n hoic Dai dien id chdc edng ddng iham v i n cie to chuc
doan the ve edng t i c tmyen thflng cac van de l i l n quan den p h i t tnen CSHT GTNT vasu tham gia
+ Buoc 4, la Chinh quyen hoac flai dien td ehuc cflng ddng thdng nhat cac v i n 3e lien quan den p h i t trien CSHT GTNT va sU tham gia
+ Budc 5, i i To chUe d o i n t h l va/hoic cae don VI chuyen mon t u van ky t h u i t ket hop vdi Dai dien to chdc edng ddng tien h i n h truyen thdng eac van de l i l n quan d i n phai tnen CSHT GTNT va sU tham gia den e i the cdng ddng
+ Buoe 5, la Dai dien td chuc edng ddng tham van cic ndi dung can ban bac va truyin thdng cie thdng tin l i l n quan den phat t n l n CSHT GTNT va su Iham gia.
+ Budc 7, la Ca t h l edng ddng q u y l t dmh Iham gia dong gop truc l i l p vao qua Irinh phat men CSGT GTNT
+ Budc 8, la cdng tac idng k i t , d i n h gia va rut kmh nghiem cung nhu dua ra bai hoc cho sutham gia cua cic ehu the iham gia lien quan d i n qua Irmh iham gia phat tnen CSHT GTNT va cung n h u s u iham gia ciia eac chu the
Tom lai, eo che tham gia Imh hoat, ket hop VOI qui irmh tham gia co su phdi hop ehat ehe giua eic chii t h l tham gia ia giai p h i p quan trong, nhu kim chi nam
3
So dfi 1 . Qui trinh tham gia ciJa c6ng dong trong phat trien CSHT GTNT
cho moi hoat ddng tham gia Dua tren co che va qui trmh tham gia m i viec tham gia duoe de dang hon, vita l i co sd 6e xay dung cie k l hoach h i n h dflng, ke hoaeh eflng viec, vda la ca sd danh g i i hieu qua cua su tham gia, cung nhy la co sfl d i l u ehinh va g i i i q u y l t linh hoat cac van de l<hdng phii hop vfli dieu kiln, nhu cau v i ddl hdl eua sd tham gia, tao co che mmh bach cho qua trinh tham gia v i gdp phan tao n i l m tin cho cac chu t h l tham gia Id do khuyin khich tang cuflng sU tham gia cua cdng ddng
3.2. Boi mdi eong tdc qudn ly, cdi tien tbu tuc phdp ly vd lehuyen khieh su tham gia bdng nhiiu b'mh t h i i t tham gia
Trong thuc tien cua su tham gia thi d mdt sd dia phuong thudc Ddng Nai ndi neng va Viet Nam ndi chung, v i n 3e phap ly va thu tuc eua hoat dflng to chdc q u i n ly phat tnen CSHT GTNT la rudm ra, phdc tap v i mat n h i l u thdi gian Ivldt d y an thudng t r i i qua n h i l u thii tuc hanh chinh, n h i l u quyet dmh phe duyet, dieu ehinh, nen thfli gian eiia d y an keo dai (CO ket q u i tham dmh ngay 17/03/2008 cho den td trinh de nghi quyet t o i n vdn l i ngay 14/06/2010, tuong dUong 2 n i m 3 thang [12]), Hoat ddng cua td chdc cflng dong theo do ciing keo dai, d i n den i n h hudng den viee tham gia Khdng nhdng viy, viec tham gia cua cdng ddng v i khuyen khich su tham gia cua eong ddng dudi cac hinh thdc tham gia se bi anh hudng tieu cuc
Vl du nhu. trudng hop thoi gian ngudi dan dang ky gop nguyen vat iieu, nhung ehd l i u chua gdp, khflng ed eho 6e danh dem b i n , Ifl ban rdi id chdc y l u eau ddng gdp dung hmh thuc dang ky, hay hd dan d i n g
^•y gdp lien, chd lau xai mat i n h huflng den viec ddng gdp,, Ngoii ra, ed nhieu dia phuong c d m d s d theo dfli viec tham gia cua edng ddng de iam can cu ehdng thuc eic Ioai giay to can thiet eho smh hoat, viec ddng gdp can mang theo sdhd
• n u i O BOI, GIOI TWEU OniYEN MGAMH IINTRODUCTION A N D EXCHANGE)
khau de ghi chep. gay t i m h chan nan va mat mem tin vao id chuc edng ddng, i n h huflng den hanh ddng tham gia, muc dd tham gia cua ca the cflng dflng m i t d i n tmh hieu q u i va kho khuyen khich su tham gia cua edng dong.
3.3. Bay mgnh nhieu hogt dgng tap budn cgng ddng, theo timg nhdm doi tuang vd itia bdn pbu hop, nhdm tdng cudng khd ndng qudn ly sU tham gia chotd chdc cgng dong
Hoat ddng tap huan cdng dflng l i mdt nhiem vu, chdc nang va nfli dung khflng the t h i l u trong edng tac td chdc v i q u i n ly cdng dflng. Boi vi, td chdc cflng ddng la tap hop eic ca the edng ddng ed n h i n Ihdc, h i l u b i l l , dieu kien,.. khie nhau dan d i n viec td chdc, quan ly l i kho khan Hon nda, d mdi dia phuong, mdi b'an lang d i u cd phong tuc lap q u i n , thoi quen sinh hoat, v i cd the c i ngdn ngu la khac nhau, cung nhu qui mfl cua DACT CSHT GTNT, qui md cua su tham gia doi hoi Innh dd n i n g luc td chUc quan ly va kmh nghiem cua Dai dien/quin ly to chuc cdng ddng la khic nhau Tap h u i n eong d d n g bao gdm cac cdng viee chmh la + Tip huan cho to chuc va quan ly edng dong, bao gdm cac ndi dung lien quan den kien thue td chuc va quan ly cdng dong, cac ndi dung lien quan den phat tnen CSHT GTNT (td xac dmh nhu cau, l i p ke hoach, xay dung x i y lip, quan iy g i i m sat, ban giao va hudng dan sir dung, b i o tri b i o dudng va danh gia hieu qua), cac nfli dung [ien quan d i n sU tham gia (tham gia cung cap thong tin. dong gop y kiln, dong gop lai iuc, nhan luc, In luc ), eac ndi dung hen quan den ehuyen mdn td chuc va q u i n iy lao ddng, quan iy t i i chinh va cac ngufln iuc, kmh nghiem tuyen iruyen va van dflng sutham gia Cac doi tuong can tham gia lap huan la Dai dien id chuc q u i n ly edng ddng, cac ban chuyen mfln, dai dien chmh quyen chuyen trach, id chuc doan the va cac don Vl chuyen mdn lien quan + Tap h u i n cflng ddng, bao gdm eac nfli j dung lien quan den iruven thdng ve su |
Iham gia (co che tham gia, c i e ndi dung tham gia, hinh thuc tham gia, mde d d tham gia v i dieu kien tham gia), k i t hop vdl c i c loi ieh cua viec tham gia, phuong phap va ke hoach tham gia, kinh nghiem va ddl hdl ve sU tham gia, cac van de iien quan va g i i i dap tham gia Viec l i p huan cflng ddng can duoc thuc hien sau khi nghien cdu d i n h gia edng dong. nham nam b i t phan loai ddi tdong tap huan theo tung nhdm/loai ddi tuong theo dia ban vfli chuong trinh t i p huan phu hop Tu dd, d i m b i o hieu qua cho hoat ddng td chuc, quan ly su tham gia, ddng thoi nang cao hieu qua tham gia cua edng dflng
3.4. Mdrdng toi da cdc hinh thdc ddng gdp vd ke hogch hod viic sd dung, nhdm sd dung hiiu gud sU tbam gia eua cpng ddng
Vdl d i e trung ciia nflng Ihdn Dflng Nai ndi neng v i Viet Nam noi chung la han c h l ve dieu kien kmh le, kmh le hd gia dinh ndng thdn la tat yeu han c h l , nen viec dong gop tien bac l i han ehe vdi dieu kien cua tung vung. tung dia phuong v i tung hd gia dmh Trong khi do, nhu c i u ddl hfli su tham gia Idn, co the xem i i khdng han c h l so vdi ihuc trang CSHT GTNT va nang luc dau l u han che ciia n h i nuoc va dia phuong Chmh vi viy, viec da dang hoa cac hinh thUc dflng gflp eiia edng ddng la tat yeu khich quan va quan trong trong g i i i phap day manh phat t n l n CSHT GTNT, qua do la nang cao sU dong gop Cac bien phap md rdng tdi 3a cac hinh thdc iham gia bao gdm a) Mo fdng iham gia iheo loai noi dung vd loai hmh Iham gia. la viec mfl rdng khdng han c h l eic noi dung va loai hmh tham gia, ngoai cac loai hinh tham gia t r u y i n thdng nhu dong gdp tien bac, dflng gdp ngay cflng va dong gdp d i l Do ngoai han che ve viee d i l u kiln dac thd cua lUng dia phuong Ihi vdl viec gflp b i n g ben cd Uu diem la tmh lmh hoat chuyen ddi nhanh theo nhu eau su dung tai nguyen dong gop (ed the lay tien mua vat heu thue nhan cdng ky Ihuat, ), nhung viec q u i n ly va d i m b i o iinh edng khai mmh bach
rat duoc quan tam, viec quan ly thStttl la khd vdl dac tinh de bi c b i l m dung, n^'i cue,.... ddng g d p ngay cflng tht v l ^ nfiU'' eau cd gidi han (tdi da bang sd cdng h i ' ddng) va ddi hdi k h i nang d i p iing n h S ' dmh (sue khoe, chuyen mdn, gidi tinh^, khd chuyen doi lai nguyen ddng g d p ^ ddng gdp bang d i t thi han che ve nhu.
cau va gidl han sd cdng ddng tham gia (ehil yeu chl cac hp tham gia l i l n quanS hai ben dudng can GPMB), tinh hnh ho^tt'^
chuyen doi t i i n g u y i n dflng gop ihaR.,'' Vfli viee m d rdng loai hinh tham gia tjSng ' nguyen vat lieu nen duoc xem la gi^
p h i p tdl Uu cho viec tang cuflng ngu6n luc eho phat tnen CSHT GTNT ndi chung va md rdng su iham gia ndi neng Vit II?u tham gia ngoai c i c nguyen v i t lieu chinti ma eac dia phyong dang ap dung Ii IAI nen nguyen v i t h l u cd sin, vdi ngu6n khai t h i c tai cho nhy Odng Nai l i : ngufin d i t , da rat phong phu vfli dia hinh dot nui nhieu, ngudn cat sol trii phu vdi m^tsfi dia phuong cd sdng ngdi; thl cac ngufln nguyen heu khie eung co the ddoc khai Ihic dong gop cho phat t n l n CSHT GTNT thdng qua viec khuyin khich ddng g6p sddung true tiep va h o i c ehuyen ddl linh hoat theo nhu cau sd dung sy ddng g6p n h u C i y than gd de k l dddng (tram, tre, ludng, eao su,.)/hoac b i n ehuyen dji I h i n h tien, vfli viec l i dia phuong hing dau c i nudc ve trong c i y edng nghiep^;
dflng gdp b i n g ndng san, hoa, trai,.. vdi dac thil ciia mdt sd dia phuang phit t n l n manh cie loai eay trdng nay nhU Long Khinh vdi t r i i ciy, Xuin Ldc vdl hoa mau. Qua dfl vda m d r d n g eac hinh thiJc, vua Ian dung tdi da ngudn tai nguyfn ddng gflp cd the ehuyen doi imh hogt ciia cdng ddng c i t h l ngufli d i n ding gdp cho phat men CSHT GTNT, die b i ^ khuyen khich duoc nhieu tang Idp cpng ddng tham gia
Ofli hdl cua giai phap nay l i c i n cdkf hoach ve nhu eau cda cae ngudn luc,qua dd mdt mat xiy dung ke hoach khuyft khich su Iham gia cu the cho tdng lo^
hmh tham gia, m o i mat cd the d i l u lift va c h u y i n ddi lmh hoat cac hmh thiJc"
ma cdng dflng iham gia trong thyc tf
(INTRODUCTION AND EXCH.\NGE) THAO DOI, GIOI THIEU CHUVEN NGANH I
ed chenh lech vdi nhu cau. Vi du cd the ngudl dan ddng gdp da nhieu hon nhu c i u do dia phuong cd ngufln khai thac da Idt, trong khi thieu cat do khdng cd s5n, thl ed the thanh ly bot da de mua cat bd sung, , hay d noi khdng cd ngudn vat heu s i n nhy c i y ke dudng, hay tham ehi khdng cd ngudn nguyin l i l u nao co the phu hop vdl CSHT GTMT can sua chua, xay dung van cd the dong gdp b i n g cie loai vat heu cfl sin va cd the chuyen doi nhanh n h u eay cao su, c i y tram, t h i m ehi la hoa m i u , vat nudi,. vdi vile bo 5ung CO che q u i n ly va bfl p h i n chuyin ddl eac hmh thdc ddng gdp b) Mdrdng tham gia theo loai rhanh phan vd phuang rhuc rham gia. la vile md rdng cac loai I h i n h p h i n tham gia truyen thdng nhu nguoi d i n fl dia phuong, cae cdng d i n dia phuong nhung di l i m an d ben ngoii,., c i c don vi, td chdc kmh te va phi kmh l l , . cung c i n duoc quan t i m thu hut va khuyin khi'eh iham gia, n h i m t i n g edflng eic ngudn luc tham gia Vi du nhu Ngudn xi mang kha phong phu vdi nhieu nha may sin x u i t xi m i n g {Xi m i n g Cflng Thanh, Xi Mang Chmfon,. ) v i gach ngdi ndi tieng cd mat tai dia phuong voi khu vuc huyen Vinh Cdu,
Thuc te cho ihiy, cac don vi v i td chdc kmh te (ndng l i m nghiep thuy san, cdng nghiep, dich vu), eitng vdi su phat tnen fl eac khu ehe xuat. khu cdng nghiep, thi vile xay dung cac n h i may d c i c dia phuong ndng ihdn, khu vuc gan nguyen lieu la thuc te phd bien trong nhdng nam g i n d i y Viec it nhieu sd dung CSHT GTNT la c d dan den vile huy ddng va khuyin khich ho tham gia ddng gflp eho phat tnen CSHT l i k h i ihi, vdi thuc te cd n h i l u dia phuong ap dung thanh cdng. Hinh Ihdc Iham gia ciia cac thanh p h i n l i don vi kmh te la kha phong phu, cd the b i n g I i l n , b i n g v i i heu xiy dung ma ho mua qua trung gian (phuong thuc ddng gop qua viec mua sam v l dong gop), bang chinh sin pham dich vu ma ho cung ea'p Do d o ngoai md rflng thanh phan tham gia Ihi cac hlnh thue, ndi dung va phuong thue Iham gia eung phong phu hon Tflm lai, vi^c m d rflng tdi da cac hinh thuc va noi dung tham gia ket hop vdi viec md
rdng cac ddi tuong iham gia, ciing nhu mfl rdng phuong thdc tham gia l i g i i i p h i p tdl uu n h i t cho p h i t tnen CSHT GTNT, qua dd la g i i i p h i p quan trong nhat cho viec khuyen khich v i tang cUong su tham gia eua edng ddng tren mot mat, va cd t h l xem d i y la g i i i phap eho tham gia ben vdng v i p h i t trien b i n vdng Do g i i i phap ed the tdng h o i duoe cic muc dieh va mye tieu eua phat tnen CSHT GTNT va khuyin khieh sutham gia 3.5. Tdng cUdng cong tdc tuyen truyen kiu ggi tham gia, bdng viec ket hgp vdi chuang trinh muc tieu phdt trien ICT-XH vd hogt dgng sinb hogt edng dong thiet thuc cda dia phuang
Viee dua vao eic chuong trinh va mue tieu phat t n l n KT-XH eua dia phuong l i giai p h i p huu hieu cho cdng t i e truyen truyen k l u goi su tham gia k i t hop vdi muc dieh keu goi suthamgia Cac chuong Irinh thiei thuc ma Ddng Nai noi neng va cic dia phuong dViet Nam cd i h l d u a vao do de t i n g cudng su tham gia cua cdng ddng trong phat men CSHT GTNT i i Chuong irmh Ndng thdn moi voi lieu ehi phat I n l n dudng giao thdng, ihuy ioi, Chuong Irinh Ndng nghiep, Nflng dan, Ndng thdn, Phong t r i o keu got n h i nudc v i nhan dan cung iam. Vile keu goi su tham gia theo cac chuong mnh mue tieu phat I n l n KT-XH la phUong phap huu hieu nhai nham truyin thdng ve muc dich keu goi su tham gia, bang eac muc li^u vdl cac lot ieh t h i l t ihuc duoc cdng bd, khl edng dong tham gia, cdng ddng se thiy duoe ioi ich m i viec tham gia dem lai se thuc day ddng co tham gia va tmh t h i n l u nguyen tham gta ia eao nhat Hoai dflng sinh hoat cdng ddng ket hop VOI tuyen truyen khuyen khfch su tham gia i i giai phap thu hut cdng dong hieu qua, da duoc nhieu dia phuong ap dung VOI eac muc dieh khac nhau, nhu Iflng ghep eac hoat dflng ciia Doan thanh men vdi cdng tae tuyen truyen su iham gia ddng gop lao dflng, Idng ghep hoat ddng cua Hdi phu lao Hdi cuu ehien bmh VOI tuyen truyen su iham gta dong gdp y kiln ve qui hoaeh v i xac dmh nhu c i u
iruyen t r y I n tham gia dong gop nguyen vat lieu, .
Tdm iai, mot trong nhdng g i i i phap t i n g cuflng su tham gia eua cdng ddng trong viec tham gia phat tnen CSHT GTNT ndi neng va tham gia cflng ddng ndi chung la dua vao viec k i t hop gida t r u y i n thong mue t l l u phat trien KT-XH eua dia phuong vdl c i c chuong trinh hoat ddng va smh hoat cdng ddng dia phuong Mdt mat, nd ki'ch thich su tham gia bang chinh nhdng muc t l l u phat trten KT-XH vdi eae lot ieh thiet thuc, mdt m i t ldi keo ddoc sd tham gia eua cdng ddng
4. Ket luan
Cimg vdl muc tieu ve p h i t men KT-XH cua Viet Nam, thi phat tnen CSHT GTNT noi neng v i CSHT giao thdng Vilt Nam l i r i t cap baeh Giii p h i p huy ddng moi nguon Iyc, moi t h i n h phan KT-XH va su tham gia ciia cdng ddng trong phat t n l n CSHT GTNT se dap dng yeu cau CNH - HDH vijng nflng thdn, gdp p h i n day manh p h i t t n l n kmh te ndng ihdn, d i m bao an smh xa hdi, an nmh quoc phdng,,, Do t i c ddng ciia c i c n h i n to i n h huflng (dilu kien t u nhien va x i hdi, ngufln nhan luc, nguon tai lUe, mdi trudng phap iy ) den sU tham gia ciia cflng ddng la khic nhau, nen viec ap dung cac md hmh eua su tham gia ed the khac nhau, VOI bien phap td chuc, q u i n iy sy tham gia, phuong p h i p tuyen truyen, khuyin khieh, tang cuong su tham gia la khac nhau,
Tom lai, Sutham gia cua cflng ddng trang phat men CSHT GTNT c i n quan tam d i n cac ndi dung cot Idl
(I) Nhu eau, loi ich va k h i n i n g eua su tham gia eua moi dia phuong, mdi ea the tham gia, Ii khac nhau VI viy, viec x i y dung mue lieu, k l hoach eho su tham gia can ro rang va phu hop vfli thuc te eua tung dia phuong, nham toi da hoa 5U tham gia (cac hinh thdc, ndi dung tham gia),
(ll) Viee tham gia cua cdng ddng trong phat i n l n CSHT GTNT. long ghep hoai ^ ^ ^ ' ^"^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ GTNT thuflng duoc hie ddng eua Hfli phu nd. Id sin xuat VOl viec I '^ '^™^ ^°^^ '^°"'5 "aong, nen viee kei
hop giUa hoat dflng cflng ddng vdi cac
ITTUIO DOI, aiOl nOEU CHUYtM MGAMH ( I N ' T R 0 D U C T ! 0 N A N D EXCHANGE)
chuong Irmh phai min KT-XH, voi muc ddng phu Ihudc vao trinh dfl. ning luc, chdccflngddng.ket hopvfli viledieufift neu eu the la giai phap hdu hieu cho
viec tang cuflng, keu goi su tham gia cua cflng dflng;
(ill) Hieu qua viec tham gia ciia cdng
kmh nghiem va kha nang td chdc, quin ly cdng ddng cua chmh td ehde cdng ddng Do do, vile tham gia va phat triln ben vung can nang cao trinh dd, nang luc, chuyen mfln vi kmh nghiem cho td
linh hoat mde dfl tham gia ciia cac thinh phan tham gia irong edng ddng (chinfe « quyen, to chuc eflng ddng, doan the, cic .f' dfln VI tu vin chuyen mfln,.,.) •
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12} 86 Giao thong van tdi, 201V. Chien luge qude gia ve GTNT Viit Nam den ndm 2020, tdm nbin den ndm 2030.
[3] Bd Ndng nghiip vd Phdt trien ndng thon, 2008: Be dn nong nghiip, nong ddn va ndng thon, NXB. Cbinh tri qudc gia, HdNpi.
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118} Tudn Anh. 2012: Kinb ngb.ip xdy dung nong thdn md, d mat so nudc trin thegidi, Tap ehi Cdng sdn. httpV/wi^w
"^P'f^>'ongsan.org.vn/Home/nong-ngb,ep-nong-thon/2012/l4689/Kinh-nghiem-xay-dung-nong~thon-moi-o~mot- so-nuoc-tren.aspx. Trich ddn ngay 04/04/2014.
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