Nghien cufu thiet ke, che tao bo thiet bi do tham phufc hofp, CEPM
Reaserching to design and manufacture the Complex Equipment for Permeable Measurement, CEPM
Ngay nhan bai: 25/01/2017 Ngay s u ^ bai: 14/02/2017 Ngay chap nhan dang: 9/03/2017 T O M TAT:
Bai bao gi6i thi?u ket qua nghien cilu thiet ke che tao bo thiet bi do tham philc hcfp (Complex Epuipment for permeable measurement), CEPM, phuc vu nghien ciiu vat heu phu gia hdp ly nham ban che cat chay trong xay dilng nen mong cong trinh khu vile Nghi Son, Thanh Hoa.
Til khoa: Thiet bi, do tham, cai chay.
ABSTRACT:
This presents the research result to design and manufacture the Complex Equipment for Permeable Measurment, CEPM, for researching the reasonable admixture materials to control seepage in civil engineering in Nghi Son, Thanh Hoa
Keyvk'ord: Equipment, permeable measurement, seepage
Ths. Le Nhu Nam
Khu kinh te Nghi Son, Thanli Hoa PGS.TS. Tran T u a n Hiep Truong Dai hoc GTVT
Le Nhu' Nam, Tran Tuan Hiep
I . Oat van de
Cat chay la hien tUong cat hat nho, mjn, nhieu hat b y i set, thuoc tang chila nU6c n g a m co ap chay thoat ra khoi mat phat 16 cua thanh vach ta luy, hd dao ...Cat chay la m p t hien t u p n g dia chat cong trinh da dang, phuTc tap, c6 the xay ra nhanh hoac cham hoac rat cham va am tham t r o n g thdi gian dai, gay ra nhieu tai bien, pha hoai kh6n lUdng cho nen m o n g cong trinh xay^dUng Tang dat chila cat chay la m o t dang dat yeu, c6 ttianh phan, trang thai va thupc tinh dac biet, can co nhCTng giSi phap dac biet de xcf ly.
Trong xay dung nen mong cong trinh d khu vUc co cat chay, ngUdi ta thu'dng ap d u n g cac nhom giai phap cong nghe chinh
I I . Tnet tieu dong ngam [thao kho, dong bang nUdc ngam...), ha thap mUc nUdc ngam (gieng cat don hoac da gieng)
2). Chan dong ngam (tUcJng chan, he coc, tUdng vay, jet grouting...)
3). Han che kha nang hoat dong cua dong tham bSng each tac dong vao ca hai yeu t o / dieu kien gay ra cat chay ket hop bom hiit nudc lam kho hd m d n g
Nhom gial phap 1) va2) flol hdi dau t u thiet bi rat dat tien, t h i cong phiJrc tap, do vay t h u d n g duac ap dung cho thi cong cac hd mong cong trinh co dien tich khong ldn, ho m d n g va tang nUdc ngam Mong dudng d t o thudng keo dai theo dien rong tdi hang chuc, hang tram k m va cd chieu sau han che khoang 1 - 3 met; khi do ap dung giai phap 3] bang each lam hao chan ddng ngam ket hop cho tham nhap vao tang cat chay cac vat lieu phu gia lam thay doi thudc tinh c o ly cua cat ngam va dong ngam, nhd do lam giam h e s o t h a m , (giam van tdc tham), nhUvayse lam han che dUoc cat chay, tao dieu kien cho hut khd nudc va thi cdng mong thuan loi.
Khi cho vat lieu phu gia (phu lieu hay goi tdt id phu gia) tham nhap vao tang cat chay se phat smh cac hieu Ung'
Dudi tac dung thuy ddng ciia ddng ngam (dong tham), cac phan t d cua hdn hop p h u gia se tham nhap va lap dan cac Id rong gida cac hat cat m m ddng thdi lam tang ma sat va luc dinh gida cac hat cat, lam cho cat khd di chuyen,
- Vat lieu phu gia ddng thdi lam thay ddi thudc ti'nh, dac biet la do nhdt cua nudc ngam lam cho he sd tham cua dong ngam giam, lam hieu dng cudn trdi cua ddng tham giam di,
Nhu vay, vat lieu phu gia cd the han che hoat ddng cua dong tham, lam giam he sd tham, chdng cat chay De tang t m h hieu qua chdng tham cua vat lieu phu gia, co the trdn lim coc loai vat lieu phu gia vdi nhau theo ty le nhat flinh ddng thoi de tang hieu qua tham nhap. ta cho nudc uao hdn hop tao thanh dung hop dang vda.
Theo nghien cdu, NCS da chon cac vat lieu phu gia la cac vat lieu dia phuang, cd ngudn cung doi dao, gia thanh re, nham ha gia thanh xay dung Cac vat lieu d d la Bdt set. Bentonite, x\ mang, thuy Van de flat ra la sCrdung cac loai vat Iteu phu gia tren vdi nudc tao thanh dung hop udi ty le, ham luang nhu the nao de cho hieu qua chdng tham (giam he so tham] t d i nhat va hap ly ue kmh te - ky thuat? Day thUc su la mdt van de cd y nghia khoa hoc ky thuat Idn va phUc tap
Nghien cdu tham la m d t uan de l<hd khan, nghien cUu tham khi thay ddi hang loat cac trudng hop ve vat lieu phu gia, ty le, ham luong, uoi thdi gian thi nghiem keo dai nhieu gid, nhieu ngay, ^huc ^u la mdt nhiem vu kho khan gap bdi.
Oe giai quyet van de nan giai do, trUdc het nghien cuu sinh da nghien cdu che tao bo i r i ' i i e m tham phuc hop (complex equipment for permeable measurement, CEPM) vdi nhieu dng ; ^ CO kha nang thao lap Imh hoat, tao dong tham dn dmh, duoc lap flat trong phong t h i nghu j j
214S<Eini7[|0if 03.2017
cdng iuc cd the thf nghi&m tham cho mdt vat lieu phu gia v6i 6 loai ham lUtmg (ti> le) va h&m lifOTg nUdcktiac nhau;
Nhd bd thiet bi CEPM, da ti^n h^nh xac dinh he s6 thSm t h o n g qua do luu luong tham ilng vdi t h t f gian tham tfieo d i n h luat Darcy. Cic thiA doan quan trSc (do tham) diipc thay doi tir 9 gid, 24 g i d , 48 g i d , 72 gid, 96 gid, 120 g i d cho tdi d^i nhat IS 144 g i d (6 ngay). Qua trinh t h i nghiem tien hanh trong nam 2012-2013.
2 . Thiet ke, che tao bo thiet bj CEPM 2 . 1 . Cau tao
Md hinh va thiet bi thf nghiem CEPM duOc gidi thieu d cac hinh ve tir hinh M e t htnh 4. "
13©*
3D*
H ^ *
•^Q V E D Q
H'inh 1 Hinh chieu bang bo thiet bi CEPM (khong theory le)
Hinh2. Chitiet6n92(kh6ngtheotyle) 2.2. M d t ^ t h i e t bj
Bd thiet bi CEPM duoc the hien qua cac ban ve d hinh 1, hinh 2, hinh 3, va duac che tao, lap dat hoan chinh d hinh 4 , gom cac phu kien
- 6 n g Oi chda cat thi nghiem Nghi San (gdm 6 dng cd dudng kinh 76 mm), va cac tac nhan chdng tham diing thi nghiem d phia dau dng Cac tac nhan nay cd the thay doi (ca ve chung loai va ham luong) nhd do cd the thi nghiem xac dmh mdi quan he, hieu dng chdng tham cua cac loai tac nhan khac nhau tuong dng vdi ty le, ham luong khac nhau cua c mg,
-g O j chUa cat Nghi San, duoc gSn udl dng O, chda cat t h i no 'a tac nhan chdng tham va dng chda van xa nudc Vj; Phan tren r duoc nut lai bang nut kieu chup (hinh 2)
- 6 n g O] diiOc n6i vdi ong O i , 0< va ndi vdi nguon cap nudc qua van V4;
- Ong O* c6 gan dng nhiia trong de quan sat mUc nudc thuan loi;
Tren ong 0« cd nap gan vdi phao cd de co the t h i nghifim vdi cac chieu cao cot nUdc khac nhau;
- Cac van V i , V j , V , cd the chu ddng dong m d nguSn nddc va ddng vSo dc d n g ; van V i de m d ddng tham thu nUdc khi thf nghiem;
- Cac bo phan cua he thdng md ti trdn duoc lam neng re tir cac dng nhUa, cd the thao l^p de dang dUoc ndi vdi nhau b^ng keo dinh, hoac chdng r o r i b S n g cac bang cudn tCiy thuoc vao yeu cau t h i nghiem.
-Thiet bl t h i n g h i e m sau khi che tao tren hinh 4.
Hinii4 Thiei buhl nghiem aotham phut hop CEPM sauMii che taovslapdat 2.3. Nguyen ly van hanh thiet bi
Bd thiet bl duoc che tao theo md hinh dinh luat tham Darcy cho trudng hop gia thiet ddng tham la ddng chay tang
' Van hanh thiet bi theo trinh t u
Khda van V:, md cac van cdn tai de nUdc t d ngudn cap chay vao mau thi nghiem; Gid cho mau cat dn dinh sau 3 - S gid, m d van Vi, xa nuoc dong dau uan V-,; Dung cac binh dong hdng nUdc chay qua uan Vi Xac dmh luu luong tham bang cach do luong nudc tham thu duoc t d cdc dong tuong vdi tdng thdi doan thi nghiem t g i d (=1 gid, 2 gid, ,., 12gid . 144 gid); Ghi chep sd lieu ket qua thu duoc
- Ti'nh he sd tham cua ddng cat ngam Nghi Son theo ham sd Ka = f(l,d,h,t,v); Trong dd:
D; Dudng kinh dng tham O,, D=760 mm, L Chieu ddi dUdng thdm O,: L= 1000 (mm).
AH. Chenh cao cot nudc, giUon dmh AH = 1800 (mm).
7 iSDfflifilSI 2 1 5
I'l." Dung luang nUdc chay (ml);
Qi=V,/t: Luu luang thdm (mmVs);
t: Thdi gian do t(s);
Kthii): hi sd thdm cua ddng cdt ngSm dng vdi trUdng hap cha thdm nhap bdi dung hgp vdt li€u phu gia thd (i) vd duac tinh todn theo cdng thdc (4)
K , , „ = - % - = i b Q L (4)
" 7L),d' / 4 7i:h,d=
3. Ket luan
Bd thiet bi thi nghiem do tham phiic hop, CEPM la mdt thanh q u i cda q u ^ trinh nghien cilu khoa hpc dUoc thifc hien bdi thac si Le NhU Nam va cdng su, xuat phat tif yeu cau cap thiet cua thUc tien chdng cat chay trong qua trinh xay dung nen mdng cdng trinh dUdng qua viing duyen h^i Nghi Son, Thanh Hda.
Bang bo thiet bl thi nghiem do tham phdc hOp, trong nam 2012, 2013 thac sT Le Nhu Nam ciing cong sU da tien hanh nghien cdu xac dinh hieu qua chdng tham cua cac loai vat lieu phy gia chdng tham khac nhau cd sSn d khu vUc Thanh Hda va uung lan can cung nhU cic dung hop khac nhau cua cac loai phu gia va da thu duoc nhdng ket qu3 hdu ich. Ke't qua thi nghiem se duflc chung tdi gidi thieu trong cac bai bao tiep theo
TAI LlEU THAM KHAO
[ l i - Tezagbi K., Peck R.B., Mesri 6., Soil mechanic m Engineering Practice, Wiley & son. New York, 1996
[2]- Whitlow R Cohoc dat. Ban dich cua Nguyen Uyen et a l . NX8 Giao due. Ha N6i, 1997 [3]- TCVN B723 2012, Dal xaji dUng corg t r i r h thuy loi- Phuong phep xac dinli he so tham cua flat trong phong t h i nghiem (Soil for hydraulic engineering consiruction-Laboratory test method for determination of permeability coefflcient of soil)
| 4 ] - Le Nhu Nam, l a i lieu nghien cuu khoa hoc ve giai phap chong cat chay khu vuc Nghi Son, Thanh Hoa, (chua cong bo)
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