KHOA HOC CONG NGHl
IVGHIEIXI ClJU AIVH HUOIXIG CUA GIA THE, KiCH THUOC TUI BAU DEIM K H A IMAIMG IMHAIV GIOIXIG CAM BH VA CT3G
T r ^ Diic Phiic^ Pham Quang T h ^ S Ph^m Van Toan', Vu Thi Hdai, T r ^ Van Tung', U Thi lan}, Nguydn Thi Has Nguy&i H u ^ Hi^p' T6MTAT
Cac gidng cam khong hat nhu BH, CT36 dang dugc Irdng phd bien tai cac tinh phia Bdc do dem lai gia tri kinh t^ cao. Ket qua nghien cuu da cho thay, hdn hop gia the thich hop cho nhan gidng cam CT36, BH sach bdnh gdm 50% dat toi xdp + 45% xo dira + 10% xi than + 5% phan huu co hoai muc + 0,1% voi hot + 0,1% ure + 0,1% P^O^; kich thuoc tiii bau 18 x 33 cm dem lai hieu qua tdt nh^t cho vi§c nhan gidng cam. Ky thuat ghep la chon canh mat ghep banh te co tudi phii hpp voi tuoi cua cay gdc ghep va irng dung phuong phap ghep mdt nhd co g5 la phii hop nhat voi nhan gidng cam BH va CT36 hien nay. Nhimg k^t qua nghien ciiu anh huong ciia cong thuc gia the va kich thuoc tui bdu den kha nang nhan gidng cam BH va CT36 cd y nghia Idn trong viec hoan thi^n cong tac nhan gidng va kiem soat ngudn cay giong sach b^nh Tristeza va Greening, dap ung nhu cau ngudn cay gidng phuc vu san xuat cay an qua cd mui d cac tinh phia Bdc.
Tir khda: Nhan gidng cam, quy trinh, camkbongbat
1 . DAT VAN BE
Theo thdng ke cua Cue Trdng trot - Bd Ndng nghidp va PTNT, trong nam 2018 tdng dien tich cay an qua ca nude dat 969.400 ha, tang 48.000 ha so vdi nam 2017. Dien tich cay an qua tang chii yeu tap trung o nhdm cay cd miii nhu cam, buoi, quyt. Tuy vay, trong mdt thdi gian dai, hoat ddng san xuat gidng khdng dupe cai tien, sau benh hai nghiem trong ndn didn tich cam hi thu hep va bi tan pha.
Ddng thdi, nhidu didn tich trdng mdi cay cd miii ddu lay tir cac ngudn gidng chat lupng thap, cac cay me cung cap mdt ghep khdng duoc trdng each ly trong nha luoi ndn hi nhidm cac bdnh nguy hiem nhu benh Greening va benh Tristeza. Vide san xuat va van chuyen gidng tir viing nay sang vung khac hoan toan khdng dupe kidm soat. Cac gidng cam quyt nhidm bdnh, dac bidt nhidm bdnh nang nhu cam dudng Canh, da dupe chuyen den trdng d moi vung midn dat mdi.
Thuc t^ hoat ddng nhan gidng tai cac hd gia dinh tai cac dia phuong cho thay, cay me cung cap mdt ghep da phdn duoc trdng d dieu kidn ngoai ti-di, it che chdn, khdng cd su each ly so vdi vudn cay an qua san xuat, rat dd hi lay nhidm cac loai bdnh va cdn triing nhu cac nhdm cdn triing chich hiit truyen
benh nguy hiem nhu Greening va Tristeza. Bdn canh do, gia the gieo hat va gia the trdng cay gdc ghep chu ydu gdm cat, dat trdng thdng thudng cd bd sung thdm mdt sd phan bdn vd co, ngudn gid th^ tang dd xdp va ham lupng phan bdn hiiu co dupe sii dung rdt it; dan ddn chat luong gia the khong dn dinh anh hudng ddn chat luong cua cay con khi xuat vudn.
Ddng thdi, kich thudc tiii bau trong cay phd bi^n duoc su dung la 15 x 20 cm; tuy nhidn kich thudc hii bau nho se khdng dap ung nhu cau dinh duong cua cay cam gidng trong khoang 12-18 thang sau ghep den liic xuat vuon.
D^ dap ling duoc nhu cdu ve cay gidng nham md rpng vimg nguyen lieu trdng cam, hang loat cac bidn phap ddng bd can phai thuc hidn nhu: (1) Danh gia muc dp anh hudng cua cac cdng thuc gia the ti-ong cay con va kich thudc tiii bdu ddn kha nang nhan gidng dd hoan thidn quy tiinh nhan gidng cam BH va CT36; (2) Phdng ngira su lay lan cua cac loai benh nguy hiem nhu Greening va Tristeza bang cac bidn phap each ly nha ludi luu giu cay me va nha ludi vudn uom so vdi vudn san xuat; (3) Thudng xuydn lay mau kidm tra va loai bd cac cay cam me hoac cay gidng bj nhidm benh Greening va Tnsleza de han chd su lay lan cua ngudn bdnh trong vudn.
' Vien Khoa hpc Ndng nghiep Cdng nghe cao Tmcmg Phat, Cong ly TNHH Ndng dupe Trudng Minh
KHOA HOC C d N G NGHE
2- VAT UEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHrBU CUU 2 . L V a t U ^
Nguydn lieu ddng bau bao gom: dat phii sa toi xdp, trau hun, xi than, phan huu co hoai muc, xo dira, gia the tribal, dam ure, phan lan P2O5, vdi bdt. Gidng gdc ghep su dung la hat chap duoc thu thap tir Hai Hau, Nam Dinh. Mdt ghep gidng cam khong hat, nang suat chat lupng cao BH, CT36 dupe lay tir vudn cay me da dupe ki^m tra sach benh Greening, Tristeza va dang trong trong nha ludi chdng cdn trimg tai Vidn Khoa hpc Ndng nghidp Cdng nghe cao Trudng Phat.
2.2. Dia dilm nghidn cCra
Dia diem thuc hidn cac thu nghiem: Nha ludi san xuat cay gidng tai xa Tu Son, huydn Kim Bdi, tinh Hda Binh.
Thdi gian thuc hien: Tir thang 10/2018 den het thang 12/2019.
2.3. Npi dung nghidn cihi
- Ndi dung 1: Nghien cmi anh hudng cua gia the den kha nang nhan gidng cam CT36 va BH.
- Ndi dung 2: Nghidn cuu anh hudng ciia kich thudc tlii bdu den kha nang nhan gidng cam CT36 va BH.
2.4. Phuang phap nghidn a i u
- Ndi dung 1: Nghien ciiu anh hudng cua gia the den kha nang nhan gidng cam CT36, BH, cac cdng thtic gia the dupe su dung gdm:
Cong thtic CTI (DC) CT2 CT3
Thanh phan nguyen lieu (tinh theo % the tich) DM toi
xop 50 50 50
Trau hun 30
Xi than
10 10
Phan hiru CO
10 5
Voi bpt 0,1 0.1
Xodiia 45
Ure 0,1 0,1
Gia the tribat
45 P2O5
0.1 0,1 Gia the trdng cay con trong cac cdng thiic thi
nghiem duoc ddng trong tiii bau kich thudc su dung 18 x 33 cm vdi quy mo 50 bau cay/ludng, khoang each giira cac luong 50 cm.
- Ndi dung 2: Nghidn ciru anh huong cua kich thudc tiii bau dd'n kha nang nhan gidng cam CT36 va BH, cac cdng thuc tiii bdu su dung gdm:
Cdng thiic 1: Tiii bau cd kich thudc dudng kinh day tlii bau 15 cm va chieu cao 20 cm.
Cdng thirc 2: Tiii bdu kich thud'c dudng kinh tiii bau 18 cm va chieu cao tiii bau 33 cm.
Cdng thiic gia thi sir dung la 50% dat toi xdp + 45% xo dira + 10% xi than + 5% phan hiru co hoai muc + 0,1% vdi bpt + 0,1% ure -H 0,1% P2O5.
- Phuong phap bd tii thi nghidm: Thi nghiem nghien ciiu cdng nghd san xuat cay gidng cay an qua cd miii sach benh, bao gom: gia the ti-dng cay. cdng nghd dinh duong, nude tudi... Trong do, bd tri thi nghidm theo ki^u khdi ngdu nhien day dti (Randomized complete block design), 1 yeu td, 3 lan nhdc lai, quy mo 50 bau cay/ludng xep xit nhau, khoang each gitra cac d la 50 cm. Ap dung theo phuong phap thi nghiem ddng rudng (Nha xuat ban Giao dtic, 2000).
- Quy trinh cham sdc: tudi nuoc dam bao cay dit am khdng khd khdng ting, theo doi sau bdnh dd
phun thudc phdng trir kip thdi. Bdn phan cho cay gidng theo quy trinh sau (lupng phan bdn tinh cho 600 cay - tiiong ling 1200 cay/cdng thuc):
NPK 20-20-15 -I- TE: Ngam hda tan pha nude tiidi sau khi trdng 15 ngay each nhau 15 ngay tiidi mdt lan trong 4 lan hdn tiep mdi lan tirdi 2,6 kg.
NPK 25-25-5 + TE: lan 1 bdn 14 kg cho mdt ldn bdn; lan 2 bdn 18 kg cho ldn tidp theo sau 15 ngay;
ldn 3 la 26 kg; lan 4 sau khi bdn lan 3 la 20-30 ngay 26 kg va dimg lai de ghep; lan 5 bdn sau khi cay bat mam 8 kg; lan 6 bdn khi cay ket thiic lde mdt 13 kg;
lan 7 bdn 13 kg sau khi lpc hai ket thuc.
- Chi tieu va phuong phap theo ddi thi nghidm:
Danh gia chieu cao cay, dudng kinh gdc ghep: 40 ngay do dem 1 lan, mdi cdng tinic theo ddi 30 cay tren 3 ldn lap lai, moi ldn lap lai lay ngdu nhidn 10 cay. Danh gia sinh truong chieu cao canh ghep, dudng kinh canh ghep, sd canh ghep cap 1, 30 ngay sau bat mam do dem 1 ldn, mdi cdng thtic theo doi 30 cay tren 3 ldn lap lai, mdi ldn lap lai lay ngau nhien 10 cay. Danh gia ty Id ghep sdng, ty le xuat vudn (%) tren toan bd sd cay duoc ghep cua mdi cdng thu:c.
Didu tra didn bidn cua sinh vat gay hai tren cay an qua cd mui theo Quy chuan ky diuat Qude gia ve phuong phap didu tra phat hidn smh vat hai tren cay an qua cd miii: QCVN 01-119:2012/BNNPTNT.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H E
a.KEiquANGHracuu
3.1. Anh huong c i a gii th^ 6in khj nang nhan gidng cam CT36vaBH
Bang 1. Anh huong cua gii th^ d^n Idia nang sinh trudng ciia cay gdc gh6p
3.11. Anh huong cua gia die d^n kha nang sinh truong cua cay gdc ghep trong cac thi nghiem
C6ng thirc
CTI (dc) CT2 CT3 CV(%) LSD (5%)
Sau trong 40 ngay (30/01/2019) Do (cm)
0,11 0,14 0,12 7,9 0,024
(cm) 10,26 14,00 12,33 6,9 2,13
Sau trdng 80 ngay (10/3/2019) D„(cm)
0,27 0,41 0,36 6,3 0,057
HVN
(cm) 32,70 42,46 40,63 5,1 4,76
Sau trong 120 ngay (20/4/2019) D„(cm)
0,53 0,59 0,56 2,5 0,032
HVN
(cm) 53,23 59,23 54,60 1,3 1,69
Sau trong 160 ngay (30/5/2019) D„(cm)
0,67 0,79 0,75 1,4 0,024
HVN
(cm) 68,73 76,06 74,13 1,1 1,84 Ghi chu: Do (cm): dudng kmh gdc ghep; Hvf^ (cm): chieu cao cay gdc ghep.
Theo Tieu chuan Quoc gia TCVN 9032:2013, chieu cao goc ghep tir 40 den 60 cm, dudng kinh gdc ghep (each mat bdu 20 cm) dat tii 0,6 ddn 0,8 cm la dat tidu chuan ghep. Ket qua 6 bang 1 cho thay: cdng thiic 2 va cdng thiic cay gdc ghep dat tidu chuan ghep nhanh nhat. Dac bidt, cay gdc ghep trdng trong hdn hpp gia the cong thicc 2 chi sau 5 thang da dat tieu chuan ghep (chieu cao cay ghdp dat 76,06 cm, dudng kinh gdc ghep each mat bdu 20 cm dat 0,79 cm) trong khi sir dting cdng thtic ddi chimg phai mat
tieu chuan ghep, su dimg cdng thiic cdn lai thdi gian cham sdc cung trdn 5 thang. Ket qua tren cung cho thay, xo dira ket hpp vdi xi than cd vai tro quan trpng trong vide lam tang do mim, xdp va thoang khi hon so vdi gia the tribat trong cdng thiic dot chiing. Bdn canh dd, cac nguydn td da lupng gdm nito va phdt pho cd vai tro vd cung quan trong ddi voi su phdt tnen cua cay gdc ghep.
3.1.2. Anh hudng cua gia the den sinh trudng cua canh ghep gidng cam BH va CT36
thdi gian cham sdc tir 6-7 thang cay gdc ghep mdi dat
Bang 2. Anh hudng cua gid th^ d^n kha nang sinh tiuang cua canh ghdp gidng cam BH va CT36
Cong thuc
CTI (dc) CT2 CT3 CV(%) LSD (5%)
Choi ghep bat mam sau 30 ngay (25/7/2019) CamBH DK canh (cm) 0,31 0,38 0,34 1,8 0,012
CD canh (cm) 20,10 23,86 21,43 2,5 1,10
CamCT36 DK canh (cm) 0,31 0,37 0,32 2,8 0,019
CD canh (cm) 20,50 24,23 21,40 5,5 2,40
Canh cap 1 bat mim sau 30 ngay (20/9/2019) CamBH DK canh
(cm) 0,30 0,36 0,32 2,4 0,016
CD canh (cm) 21,10 25,43 21,03 4,3 1,93
Cam CT36 DK canh (cm) 0,30 0,35 0,33 2,7 0,018
CD canh (cm) 20,43 24,20 20,83 4,4 1,90 Ghi chu: DK (cm): duong kinh canh ghep, CD (cm): chieu dai canh ghep.
KA qua nghien ciiu a bang 2 cho thay: cong thiic 2 CO cac gia tri chieu dai canh ghep (23,86 cm gidng cam BH va 24,32 cm gidng cam CT36), duong kinh canh ghep (0,38 cm gidng cam BH va 0,37 cm gidng cam CT36) cung nhu duimg Idnh canh cSp 1
a chidu dai canh cap 1 deu cao hon so vm cong thiic 1 va cong thiic ddi chiing.
3.1.3 Anh huong cua gia the di,, ; , , .,^^ j ^ ^ / , truong cua cay sau ghep, ty le ghep soni; \., ly (g ^uat vuon
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4, , IJQ
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Bang 3. Anh huong cua gia th^ ddng b l u d^n kha nang smh trudng cua cay gidng cam BH, CT36 dii tidu chuan xuat vudn
Cong thiic CTI (dc) CT2 CT3 CV(%) LSD (5%)
Gidng cam BH xuat vuon DKcanh
(cm) 0,69 0,72 0,71 1,6 0,023
CD canh (cm) 38,96 43,40 40,56 2,0 1,66
Sd canh cap 1 (canh)
1,8 2,5 2,0 5,4 0,23
Gidng cam CT36 xuat vuon DKcanh
(cm) 0,70 0,75 0,72 2,2 0,032
CD canh (cm) 33,30 45,76 42,10 7,2 5,83
Sd canh cip 1 (canh)
2,7 2,8 2,1 3,1 0,17 Ghi chu: DK (cm) dudng kinh canh ghep, CD (cm) chieu dai canh ghep.
Bang 4. Anh hirong cua gia thg d^n ty Id ghep sdng, ^ Id Ku^t virdn cua cay gidng cam BH, CT36 Cong thiic
CTI (dc) CT2 CT3
Gidng cam BH xuat vuon Ty ie ghep sdng
(%)
93,66 95,00 94,00
Ty le dii heu chuan xuat vuon (%)
87,00 89,66 89,00
Gidng cam CT36 xuat vuon Ty le ghep sdng
(%)
92,33 94,33 93,66
Ty le du tieu chuan xuat vuon (%)
88,66 90,00 89,00 So lieu O' bang 3 va bang 4 cho thay: Giiia cdc
cdng thirc thir nghidm ddu cd sir khac nhau, cdng thiic thi nghiem 2 gitip chieu dai canh ghep va dudng kinh canh ghep cao hon edng thiic 1 ddi chimg d"
miic cd y nghia. Theo Tieu chuan Qude gia TCVN 9032:2013 yeu cau ve eay gidng khi xuat vudn gdm:
dudng kinh canh ghep do trdn vet ghep 2 cm > 0,7 cm, chidu dai canh ghep tinh tii vet ghdp den ngon canh dai nhat > 40 cm va 2-3 canh cap 1. Cdng thtic 2 cd dudng kinh canh ghep do trdn vet ghep 2 cm dat 0,72 cm cay gidng cam BH va 0,75 cay gidng cam
CT36; chieu dai canh ghep tinh tir vet ghep den ngpn canh dai nhat dat 40,40 em d cay gidng cam BH va 45,76 d cay gidng cam CT36; sd canh cap 1 dat 2,5 canh cay gidng cam BH va 2,8 canh cay gidng cam CT36; ty Id ghep sdng, ty Id xuat vudn dat gia tri eao trdn 85% d thdi gian sau ghep 4 thang.
3.2. Anh hudng ciia kich thirdc tiii bdu d^n kha nang nhan gidng cam CT36, BH
3.2.1. Anh hudng cua kich thudc tui bdu din sinh trudng cay gdc ghep
Bang 5. Anh huong cua kich thuoc tiii bau ddn kha ning sinh tnrdng cua ciy gdc ghdp
Cong thiic
CTl(dc) CT2 CV(%) LSD (5%)
Sau trdng 40 ngay (30/01/2019) Do (cm) 0,10 0,12 4,2 0,01
HVN (cm) 8,96 12,20
6,5 1,56
Sau trdng 80 ngay (10/3/2019) Do (cm) 0,29 0,33 5,8 0,04
HVN (cm) 28,13 33,96 2,4 1,71
Sau trdng 120 ngay (20/4/2019) Do (cm) 0,48 0,56 3,1 0,036
HVN (cm) 53,70 58,36 0,7 0,92
Sau trdng 160 ngay (30/5/2019) Do (cm) 0,73 0,78 3,7 0,063
HVN (cm) 72,66 79,93 0,8 1,32 Ghi chii: D„ (cm): dudng kinh gdc ghep: H„ (cm): chieu cao cay gdc ghep.
^ , , , . ' , . , . , . . , . . . ^ . u 1. . - vudn uom d cic giai doan sinh trudng cua cay gdc Bang 5 cho thay kich thuoc Un bau anh huong ro >""" " " " ' " s . » =
. , ^ • • A • . - I , - U - . eheo Kich thuoc tui bau cang lon. luong gia the ret den sinh tniong cua duong kinh goc ghep tai S"ep. rjcii u uuv , . . , ' , . , ° ° .
cang nhieu thi duong kinh goc ghep cang cao va su NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HOC CbNG NGHfi
khac bidt ve dudng kinh gdc ghdp giira 2 cdng thiic thi nghiem la rat cd y nghia ve mat thdng ke. Tuong tu, kich thudc tiii bau cung anh hudng ro rdt den sinh ti-udng vd chidu cao cua cay gdc ghep (Bang 5).
6 giai doan 160 ngay sau trdng, cdng thiic 2 cay gdc ghep dat gid trj cao nhat ve chieu cao cay ghep 79,93 cm, dudng kinh goc ghep each mat bdu 20 cm dat 0,78 cm cao hon so vdi cdng tinic ddi ehiing d mtic Bang 6. K^t qud nghidn ciiu anh hudng cua kich thiroc
camBH
cd y nghia. Theo Tidu chuan Quoc gia TCVN 9032:2013. chidu cao gdc ghep tii 40 ddn 60 cm, dudng kinh gdc ghep cdch mat bdu 20 cm dat tii 0,6 den 0,8 cm Id dat tieu chuan ghep.
3.2.2. Anh hudng cua kich thudc tiii bau den smh trudng cua canh ghep gidng cam BH va CT36
tlii bau d^n kha nang sinh truong cua cdnh gh6p gidng vaCT36
Cong thiic
CTI (dc) CT2 CV(%) LSD(5«)
Chdi ghep bit mim sau 30 ngiy (25/7/2019) CamBH DK cinh (cm) 0,36 0,41 7,0 0,062
CD cinh (cm) 20,03 24,06 3,2 1,59
CamCT36 DK cinh (cm) 0,31 0,37 1,7 0,013
CD canh (cm) 19.43 24,00 2,4 1,2
Cinh cap 1 bit mam sau 30 ngay (20/9/2019) CamBH DKcanh
(cm) 0,37 0,43 2,0 0,018
CD canh (cm) 23,03 28,16 1,2 0,70
CamCrr36 DK canh (cm) 0,36 0,41 4,7 0,041
CD cinh (cm) 23,66 27,10 2,1 1,19 Ghi chu: DK (cm): duangkinh cinh ghep; CD (cm): chiSu dai canh ghep.
Kieh thudc tiii bau 18 x 33 cm d' cdng thiic 2 dam bao cho sinh trudng ve dudng kinh chdi ghep (0,41 cm cay gidng cam BH va 0,37 cay gidng cam CT36), chieu dai eanh ghep (24,06 cm cay gidng cam BH va 24,00 cm cay gidng cam CT36) cao hon so vdi cdng thiic ddi chimg 15 x 20 cm. Nguyen nhan la do kich thudc till bdu cdng thitc ddi chung khdng chi gay ra
tinh trang thieu nude nhanh vao liic trdi ndng ma con han che vide cung cap chat khoang va su phdt tri^n cua he rd cay khi so sanh vdi kieh thudc tiii bau ldn hon.
3.2.3. Anh hudng cua kich thudc tiii bau ddn sinh trudng cua cay gidng cam BH va (7136 dd tiiu chuan xuat vudn
Bdng 7. Anh huong cua kich thudc tiii bdu d^n kha nang sinh truong cua cay gidng cam BH, CT36 d\L tidu chuan xuat vudn
Cong thiic
CTI (dc) CT2 CV(%) LSD (5%)
Gidn DKcinh
(cm) 0,69 0,70 0,6 0,087
^ cam BH xuat vuon CD canh
(cm) 39,16 40,70 0,8 0,72
Sd canh cap 1 (cinh)
2,2 2,7 4,6 0,26
Gidng cam CT36 xuat vuon DKcinh
(cm) 0,69 0,71 0,3 0,048
CD cinh (cm) 38,90 40,80 0,9 0,84
Sd cinh cap 1 (cinh)
1,9 2,8 10,8 0,58 Ghi chii: DK (cm): dudng kinh canh ghep: CD (cm): chiiu dai canh ghep.
Bang 8. Anh hudng cua Hch thudc tiii b i u ddn ty le ghfo sdng, ty le xuit vudn ciia cky gidng cam BH, CT36
Cong thiic
CTI (dc) CT2
Gidng cam BH xuat vuon Ty 16 ghep sdng
(%)
18,66 90.66
Ty le dii Heu chuan xuat vuon (%)
83,66 5,00
Gidng cam CT36 xual vuon Ty le ghep
sdng (%) 88,66 92,00
Tyledutii-u chuan xuat vuim (^)
83.66 . . . o , . k ,u,.A„ h-,i t h e g i u p c h o c i y p h a t t r i e n h e r e t o t l i . , ; , v i , , ] , ^ ^ Bing 7 v i 8 cho thiy, cong thuc 2 kich thuoc tm ^^ ^^ ^, ^ ^^ __,_^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ il.o. gian
bau 18 X 33 cm chiia nhidu gia the va dmh duong co I) cho
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANN ^JO
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHfi vide nudi duong cay o vudn uom lau ddi hon, ddng
thdi it tdn thdi gian dao bdu. Tuy vay, diem bat loi ciia kich thuoc tiii bau ldn hon la tdn nhieu vat hdu lam gia Hii bau ndn gia thanh cao, phi van chuyen cao hon. Nguoc lai, tiii bau ldn sd giup cay sinh ti*udng khoe, bd rd phdt trien. Do dd khi gieo uom cay vudn uom thi viec sir dung tiii bdu kich thuoc ldn la thich hpp. Giira cac cdng thiic thi nghiem kich thudc tiii bau cd su khac nhau, kieh thuoc tiii bau cdng thiic 2 cd chieu ddt canh ghep va dudng kinh cdnh ghep cao hon cdng thtic 1 ddi chimg d miic cd y nghia. Theo Tieu chuan Qude gia TCVN 9032:2013 ydu cdu ve cay gidng khi xuat vudn dudng kinh canh ghep do tren vet ghep 2 cm > 0,7 em, chieu dai canh Bang 9. Miic dp vd ty Id sinh vdt hai ddi
ghep tinh tii vet ghep den ngpn canh dai nhat > 40 cm vd 2-3 canh cap 1. Cdng thiic 2 cd dudng kinh canh ghep do ti-dn vet ghep 2 cm dat 0,7 cm cay gidng cam BH va 0,71 cm cay gidng cam CT36; chidu dai canh ghdp tinh tii vet ghep den ngpn canh ddi nhat dat 40,70 cm cay gidng cam BH va 40,80 eay gidng cam CT36; sd canh cap 1 dat 2,7 canh cay gidng cam BH va 2,8 canh cay gidng cam CT36; ty Id ghep sdng, ty Id xuat vudn dat gia tii cao trdn 85% o thdi gian sau ghep 4 thdng.
3.3. Ddnh gid v^ mirc dO, ty Id sinh vat h?i ddi vdi cay gdc ghdp vd cay ghdp & vudn uom t ^ Kun Bdi, Hda Binh
vdi cay gdc ghdp va cay ghep q vudn uom TT
1 2 3 4
Sinh vat hai Ten Vidt Nam
Sau vd biia Nhdn do Sau nhdt Benh loet
Tdn khoa hoc Phyllocnistis citrella St.
Panonychus citiiMc. Gregor Ch'tea metalhca Chen Xanthomonas campestiipv eitri (Hance)
Dowson
Vi tri gay hai Lde, la non
U Loc
La
Miic dd, ty Id smh vat hai
Cap 1 Cap 1 Cdp 1 Cap 1 Ghichu:Mucdd va ty le hai theo phan cap cua QCVN 01-119:2012/BNNPTNT.
Ket qua dieu tra mice dp va ty Id sinh vat hai ddi vdi cay gdc ghep va eay ghep d vudn uom, da ddnh gid dupe mdt sd loai sau, benh hai ehinh la: Sau ve biia, nhdn dd, sau nhdt va bdnh loet. Qua theo doi thdi diem phdt sinh gay hai ciia cdc ddi tupng sau,
Bang 10. K^t qua gidm dinh bdnh Greening vd Tristeza ddi vdi cay con trong vudn san xudt cay gidng tai xa BanPhupng.HaNQi
bdnh gay hai trong nam nhan thay, cac ddi tupng sau, benh phdt sinh vd gay hai tap tnmg d cac thdi diem khdc nhau trong nam. Sau ve biia thudng xuat hidn va phd hoai manh cdc dot lde non.
TT 1 2 3 4 4
Mdu Gidng Cam V2 Gidng CT36 Gidng BH
Nha ludi cay me Nha ludi cay me Nha ludi cay me Ddi chimg cay khoe
Ddi chiing eay benh
Tristeza
+
Greenmg (Kiem ti-a PCR)
-1-
(Theo kdt qua giam dinh binh cua Vien Bao vi Thuc vat).
Ket qua gidm dmh mdu tai vudn nhan gidng khdng nhidm cdc ddi tupng benh nguy hiem nhu Greenning va Tristera, dam bao dti tieu chuan cay gidng sach benh.
4. KET LUAN
Ket qua nghien ciru anh hudng eua gia the ddn kha nang nhan gidng cam BH va CT36 eho thay, cdng thiic gid the 50% dat toi xdp + 45% xo dira + 10%
xi than + 5% phan hiiu co hoai miic + 0,1% vdi bdt + 0,1% ure •¥ 0,1% P2O5 dem lai hidu qua tdt nhat, gitip cay gdc ghep phdt tiien tdt, ty le ghep thdnh cdng cao, cay gidng sau ghep phat tnen tdt, ty le cay gidng dii tidu chuan xuat vuon eao hon so vdi cdng thuc ddi chting. Ddi vdi thu nghidm nghien ciiu dnh hudng ciia kich Uiude tui bdu den kha nang nhan gidng cam BH va CT36 cho thay. kich thud'c tiii bdu 18 x 33 cm la thich hop nhdt ddi vdi su phdt ti-ien cua cay gidng NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4/2020 23
KHOA HOC CONO NOHl
sau ghep; do cung cap du chat dinh duong cho ciy 2. FAO (2008). Commodity market review.
phat trien trong thoi gian dai, dim b i o ty le cay Rome, Italy
gidng dii tieu chuan xuat vudn cao hon so voi kich , . thuoc ddi chiing l i 15 X 20 cm. Ky thuit ghep gdm ^ ^- ^"^ * " * ' ^y thuat Qude gia vd phuong phap chon cinh mit ghep banh te c6 tudi phii hop vol tudi ^™ ^'^ P*"'* hitn smh vat hai tren cay an qua co cua ciy gdc ghep va img dung phuong phap ghep ™ ' - QCVN 01-119:2012/BNNPTNT.
mit nhd co gd la phii hop nhat voi san xuat gidng 4. Quy trinh nhan gidng cam Valencia 2 (V2) cam BH vi CT36 hien nay. Ghep mit vao liic troi sach benh Greening va Tristeza. Quyet dinh sd giam mat. nhiet do 18-25»C, khong ghep mat luc 13/QD-VDT-KH ngiy 23 thing 02 nam 2010.
nong biic, troi ning to va khi co mua. Thoi vu ghep
thich hop nhit l i khi gdc ghep chuydn dong nhua tdt =. Tieu chuin Qude gia cay giong cam, quyt tir thang 5 ddn thing 10. budi: TCVN 9302:2013.
TAIUEUTHAMKHAO 6. USDA, httn://\mvw fax iisria.gov/. Citrus:
1. Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT (2018). Tdng dien '"'''•'Id Markets and Trade.
tich ciy an qua phan theo dja phuong. Sd lieu trdng trpt.
STUDY EFFECT OF GROWING MEDIUM AND THE SIZE OF POTITNG BAG ON PROPAGATION OF BH AND CT36 CITRUS IN SOME NORTHERN PROVINCES
Tran Due Phuc, Pham Quang Thang, Pham Van Toan, Vu Thi Hoa, Tran Van Tung, Le Thi Lan,
Nguyen Thi Ha, Nguyen Huynh Hiep Summary
Seedless citrus vaneties such as BH and CT36 are being grown popularly in some Northem Provinces to bring liigli economic value and prevent the poverty. However, for a long Ume, the pests and diseases were not control and so many citrus areas were narrowed and destroyed. As a result. compleUng the propagation process of seedless and disease-free ciUnis varieties by grafting and using locally available substrates have been successfully investigated. The result of study showed that the appropriate formula for growing medium includes 50% porous soil + 45% coir + 10% coal slag + 5% organic fertilizer+ 0.1% lime powder+ 0.1%
urea + 0.1% P^O^. The size of the most appropnate potting bags for propagating CT36, BH varieties will be 18 X 33 cm. The breeding process has the scientific meaning to help control disease and meet the demand for the source of seedling to produce citrus in the Northem provinces.
Keywords: Propagation oi citrus, protocol seedless citrus vaneties.
Ngirdi phan bien: GS.TS. Ngo Xuin Bmh Ngay nhan bii: 7/02/2020
Ngiy thdng qua phin bi6n: 9/3/2020 Ngay duy^t ding: 16/3/2020
24 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 4 2020
