Qudn Iy tdi nguyin rdng & Moi trudng
/ N G H I E N c t m XAC DINH HAM LU'OfNG LUtJ HUYNH TRONG M Q T SO DXrOC LIEU D u ' p c SAN XUAT VA CHE BIEN TAI XA BINH MINH
HUYEN KHOAI CHAU, TINH HUlSG YEN Tran Thi Hmmg
ThS. Truang Dai hpc Ldm nghipp TOM TAT
Xa Binh Minh, huy?n Khoai Chau, tinh Hung Yen cd nghe tniySn thdng la trdng va ehe bien du^c lieu. Trong qua trinh ehe bifin, dupc lifu dupc xong Liru huyiih(S). Nghien ciiu tien hanh thu thap 20 mlu dupc li?u tai xa Binh Minh (trong dd 10 mlu chua qua xdng Luu huynh va 10 mau da dupc xong Luu huynh) de phSn tich xac djnh ham lupng Liru huynh tdng so (S%). Ket qua cho thdy, doi voi nhdm dupc li?u chua qua xdng Lira hu^'nh thi ham lupng Luu huynh dao ddng tit 0,106% dfin 0,654%; ddi vdi nhdm dupc li?u da qua xong Luu huynh thi ham lupng Luu huynh dao dpng tir 0,147% din 0,981%. Cac loai dupc lifu khac nhau thi ham lupng Luu huynh trong chimg la khac nhau Trong cimg mdt loai dupc li?u thi ham lupng Luu huynh co trong mlu cd xong Luu huynh cao hon mau khong xdng Luu huynh. Nhu vay, viec xdng Luu huynh da tao ra mpt lupng Luu huynh t^n du trong dupc lifu va dao dpng tir 0,027% den 0,776% ddi vdi cac lo^i khac nhau. Nguyen nhan chil yiu khiin ngu6i dSn xdng Luu huynh cho dupc lifu trong qua tiinh chi biin vk bao quan la: chong nam mdc, t^o dp deo, dp trang va t^o tinh bdt cho dupc lieu. Tren co sd th\rc tr^ng ehe biin dupc lieu tai dja phucmg, nghidn ciiu de xuit mft s6 giai phap chinh nhiim giam thieu s\r tdn du Luu huynh trong dupc lifu, bao gdm: ap dyng quy trinh, ky thugt ehe bien dupc lifu hgtn ehe hoac khong sii dyng Lmi huynh; nang cao nhlui thiic ciia ngu£ri dan; that ch^t cdng tac quan ly tu phi'a chinh quyen dja phucmg va cac co quan chiic nSng.
Tu khod: Dirpc lifu, Luu huynh, xa Binh Minh - Khodi Chdu - Hung Yin.
I. DAT VAN DE
Xa Binh Minh, huyen Khodi Chdu, tinh Hung Yen co ngh^ truyen thdng la trong vd ch6 bign dugc lieu rdt noi tieng ciia khu v\rc miSn Bac. Trong sdn xudt va ehe bien dugc lieu, ngucri dan thucmg diing phuang phap xong bdng Luu huynh hoac tdm say true tiep vao dugc Ii?u de bao qudn, chong am moc.
Vay vdn dk d^t ra la Lim hu^Tih co con ton du trong dugc li?u hay khong, co gay dnh huong d6n siic khoe nguai sii d\ing thuoc tir dugc lieu hay khong. De buoc ddu gidi quyet van de tren, chiing toi ti^n hanh nghien cuu xdc dinh ham lugng Luu huynh trong mgt so dugc lieu dugc sdn xudt vd chS bien t^i xa Binh Minh, huyen Khoai Chau, tinh Hung Yen vdi m\ic dich id ddnh gid ham lugng Luu huynh con tdn du trong dugc li^u sau khi dugc so ehe bang phuang phap xong sinh tai xa Binh Minh va de xudt phuang phdp bao qudn dugc li^u co chat lugng tdt vd an todn cho ngudi sir dung.
II. PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 2.1. Di^u tra, khao sdt tai cdc ca sd sdn xuat ehe bien dirg'c U^u
Dieu tra khdo sat k^t hgp phong van ngudi dan de xac dinh ten cdc loai dugc lieu dirac trong va ehe bien t^i d;a phuang, cong nghe ehe bi^n bdo quan dugc lieu.
De xdc dinh ten lodi dugc lieu, nghien cmi sii dung phuang phap truyen thong trong nghien cuu ve thuc vat la phuang phdp hinh thdi so sdnh. Dua vdo cac mdu dugc lieu thu tai thuc dia, cac tai tieu ve dugc lieu, ket hgp phong van ngudi ddn mo td them ede d|c diem hinh thai vd cac thong tin khdc co lien quan de xdc dinh ten pho thong va ten khoa hgc ctia dugc ii?u.
2.2. Phirong phap lay mau duac liiu Nghien cuu tien hdnh thu thap 20 mdu duge lieu tai khu vy:c nghien ciru, trong do cd 10 mdu tuai chua qua ehe bien, bao qudn bdng Luu huynh va 10 mdu kho da dugc ehe biSn, bdo quan bdng Luu huynh.
T ^ CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG N G H f LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014 61
Qudn ly tdi nguyin rimg & Mdi trirdng
Bdng 1. Ten vd ky hiia cdc mau dupre lipu Ky
hi|u
Tinh trang mSu
Ky hieu
TlDh tr^ng mSu 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ml M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 MS M9 MIO
B^ch chi Bac ha Co ngQt Cot toai bo Dia lien Ha thu 0 Ngh? den SSm dai hanh Tam that nam Truat nam
Chira xong S Chua xong S Chua xong S Chua xong S Chua xong S Chua xong S Chua xong S Chua xong S Chua xong S Chua xong S
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
MIS M2S M3S M4S M5S M6S M7S M8S M9S MIOS
Bach chi Bac ha Co ngpt Cot toai bo Dia lien Ha thu 6 Nghe den Sam dai h ^ h Tam that nam Truat nam
DSxdngS Daxdng S Daxong S Daxdng S Daxong S Daxong S Daxdng S DSxong S Daxong S Daxong S Nguyen tdc vd cdch thirc lay mdu theo quy chudn TCVN 8551:2010 [4]
2.3. Phirong phap xdc dinh ham lirgng Liru huynh tdng so
Nghidn cuu tien xdc djnh ham lugng luu huynh trong 20 mau dugc lieu trong do 10 mdudugc li?u khong xong bdng luu huynh va 10 mau dugc li?u c6 xong luu huynh.
Nguyen tdc: Chuyen toan bg ede dang hgp chat luu huynh trong mau thanh 804"^ (phuang phdp phdn huy mau). Sau do xdc dinh hdm lugng S04'^ trong dung djch bdng phuang phdp khoi lugng.
* Phuang phdp phan huy sii dung HNO3 + H2O2 CO thidt bj hoi luu, cy thd nhu sau: Can chinh xac 1,0 g mau da dugc chudn bi cho vao day binh phdn huy co ddi; Cho 15 ml HNO3 ddc, tinh khiet vdo binh; Ldp bg sinh han hoi luu vdo CO binh; Ngam mdu 2-3 gid; Sau do dun soi nh? den khi co khoi mau nau do bay ra thi them qua ong sinh han mgt s6 gigt H2O2 30%; Tiep tyc dun nh?, nSu dung dich trong binh cgn cdn bo sung them HNO3 qua 6ng sinh han; Qua trinh phan huy mdu keo ddi eho dkn khi dung djch trong vd khong mdu (thudng co thd keo ddi 6 ddn 10 gid); Dd nguoi them nudc vd djnh miic 50 ml; Dung dieh thu dugc sau khi phan huy mau cdn dugc tdch silic trudc khi xac dinh 804"^ bdng cdch: Co cdch thuy cho den kho dung djch mdu trong bat sii (toan bg hodc trich mgt thd tich chinh xdc dung dich mau CO chira it nhat 2 mg S); Hod tan can kho bdng HCI 10%, tidn hanh 3-4 ldn kdt hgp gat
lgc thu nudc lgc vao binh, nia c?n vd giay lgc 3 - 4 ldn bdng nudc ndng, thu nudc nia vao binh, len lai the tich dung dich mlu dk xac dinh 804'^
* Phuang phap xac djnh ham lugng 804"^
(phuang phap khoi lugng), cy the nhu sau:
- Ldy vao eoc chinh xac mgt the tich dung dich dd xac dinh 804^"
- Cho them 1 ml dung dich HCI 10% vd dun soi.
- Cho them 10 ml dung dieh BaCU 10% vao dimg dich dang soi va tidp tyc dun soi 2-3 phiit, tao Ba804 kdt tua.
- De yen 4 gid trong tu dm nhiet dO khoang SO^C cho ldng kdt tua.
- Thii kdt tlia hodn toan 804'^ bdng dung dich BaCli, neu cdn kdt tiia tidp c^n cho them 2ml BaCl2 10%, tiep tyc nhu trdn cho den khi kdt tiia hodn toan.
- 8au khi dd ket tua hodn todn, tidn hdnh lgc qua giay lgc min khong tro. Kdt hgp gan lgc va nia sach kdt tua trong cdc 2-3 ldn bdng dung dich HCI 0,1% nong.
- Don toan bg ket ttia len giay lgc, trang ru:a edc 2-3 ldn bdng dung dich HCI 0,1% nong.
- Dd rdo gidy lgc, gdi kdt tua cho vdo chen sir chiu nhift kho da xdc dinh chinh xdc khoi lugtig.
- Nung kdt tua d nhigt dg sdp xi TSO^C cho den khi hdt mau den.
- Dd ngugi chen trong binh hiit dm, edn khoi 62
lugng ldn thii nhat.
TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
Qudn ly tdi nguyin rung & Moi trudng
- Tidp tuc nung them 30 phiit, dd ngugi chen trong binh hiit dm can khdi lugng ldn thii hai.
Lap lai nhu vay cho ddn khi khdi lugng can 2 lan lien tidp khdng thay doi.
- Ddng thdi tidn hdnh mdu trdng ehi co gidy lgc.
* Cach tinh ket qud
Cdng thuc tinh ham lugng S t6ng sd trong mdu khd tuyet ddi nhu sau:
% S ^ " ^ 2 - " h - ^ o ) - 0 > 1 3 7 . 1 0 m
Trong do:
m: khdi lugng mdu hiong ung vdi thd tich dung dich trich (g);
mi: khdi lugng chen (g);
m2: khoi lugTig chen vd kdt tiia sau khi nung (g);
mo: khoi lugng mau trdng (tro gidy lgc) (g); 0,137: h? s6 quy tir BaS04; k: he sd quy ve khd kiet.
III. KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ
3.1. Thuc trang sdn xu^t vd ehe bien dirge lieu tai xa Binh Minh
Hien nay, hoat dgng trong vd sa chd dugc li?u tap tnmg chu ydu d thon Thiet Try vdi 650 hg chiem 70% so hg lam nghe dugc lieu.
Ngudi dan tham gia vao hoat dgng sdn xudt va ehe bidn dugc lieu vdi cae hinh thiic nhu: trdng vd chd bien dugc lieu; mua, chd bidn vd buon ban dugc li$u.
Qua qua trinh didu tra, nghien ciiu xdc dinh duge 41 lodi duge lieu dugc trdng tai xd Binh Minh vd 102 loai dugc lidu dugc nhap tir nai khdc ve de chd bien t^i xd Binh Minh.
Anh 01. Ngudi ddn thu hoach Trupt nam
Bdng 2. Danh mue lodi dupc
Anh 02. Hopt dpng ehe hien dtrpc lipu lipu dupc trdng tpixd Binh Minh
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ten dirpc lifu Ba kich B^c ha B^ch chi Banh9 Bo bo Cat can Chi xac Chuoi hpt Co chiia Co ngpt
Ten khoa hpc Morinda officinalis How Menthaarvensis L.
Angelicadahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffin.) Maxim.
Typhoniumtrilobatum (L.) Sehott AdenosmaIndiana (Lour.) Merr.
Puerariamontana (Lour,) Merr. var.
chinensis (Ohwi) Maesen Citnishystiix DC.
Musaseminifera Lour.
Hygroryzaarislata (Retz.) Nees Steviarebuudiana (Bert.) Hemsl.
T T 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
TSn dirp'c li^u Kho sam Khoi Khiic khac Khucmg Kim hoa thao Made Mgch mon Mgc mien tii Nga truit Nghe
Ten khoa h^c Crotontonkinensis Gagnep.
Ardisiasilvestris Pitard Heterosmilaxaudichaudiana (Kunth) Maxim.
Zmgiberofficinale Rose.
Abutilonindicum (L.) Sweet Plantagomajor L.
Ophiopogonjaponicus (L. f.) Ker- Gawl.
Momordicacochinchinensis (LovT.) Spreng.
Curcumazedoaria (Berg.) Rose.
Ctirciimalonga L.
T^M" CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHf LAM NGHIfP SO 4-2014 63
Qudn ly tdi nguyen rung & Mdi trirdng
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Dgi bi D ^ g s a m Dja lien Diep ha chau Dinh Ung Dua go Hoai son H6ng bach Hucmg phu Kho qua
Blumeabalsamifera (L.) DC.
Codonopsisjavanica (Blume) Hoolc.
f. & Thorns.
Caempferiagalanga L.
^hyllanthusiuinaria L.
"olysciasfruticosa (L.) Harms
"andanustonkinensis Martelli Oioscoreapersimilis Pram & Burk Rosaodorala (Andr.) Sweet Cypenisrotundus L.
Momordicacharanlia L.
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
Nguu tat Sam cau Sam dgi hanh Tam that nam Thien mon d6ng To mpc Trgch ta Truat nam T u b i Xgcan Y d i
1
Achyrantheshidentala Blume Curculigoorchioides Gaertn.
Eleutherinebulbosa (Mill.) Uthan.
Slahlianthiisthorelii Gagnep.
Asparaguscoch inch inensis (Lour.) Merr.
Caesalpiniasappan L.
Alismaplantago-aquatica L.
Gynurajaponica (L. f.) Juel.
Plitcheamdica (L.) Less.
Belamcandachinensis (L.) DC.
Coix \acryma-jobi L.
Bdng 3. Danh mpc lodi dupc lipu dupc nhpp td noi khdc chi bien tai xa Binh Mmh TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
TSn drn^c li^u Ba kich Bgc chi nam Bach b?nh Bach bp Bgch dong nu B^ch hoa x^
B^ch mao c^n Bgch truat Bau dat Bf ky nam Binh voi B6beo B^b5 Cam thio bdc Cam thao nam Cat canh Cat sam CSu dang b^c Cau tich ChS dfiy Che vfing Chi xac Chu6i hgt Co chiia
Ten khoa iufc Monndaqfficinalis How Millettiapulchra (Colebr. ex Benth.) Kui2 Eurycomalongifolia Jack Stemonatuberosa Lour.
Clerodendrumpetasites (Lour.) Moore
Plumbagozeylanica L.
Imperalacylindrica (L.) Beauv.
Atractylodesmacrocephala Koidz.
Gynuraprocumbens (Lour.) Men.
Hydnophytumformicarum Jack Stephaniasinica Diels Gomphandramollis Merr.
Adenosmamdiana (Lour.) Merr.
Clycyrrhizauralensis Fisch. ex DC.
Scopariadulcis L.
Platycodongrandiflorum (Jacq.) A.DC.
Calleryaspeciosa (Champ, ex Benth.) Schot Uncariahomomalla Miq.
Cibotiumbarometz J. Sm.
Ampelopsiscantoniensis (Hook. &
Am.) Planch.
Jasminumsubtriplinerve Blume Cilrushyslrix DC.
Musaseminifera Lour Hygroryzaaristata (Retz) Nees
TT 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
TSn d u ^ lifu Hoe hoa Hoi sao Hong bach Huong nhu Huong phv Huyen sfim ich mlu Kho qua Kho sam Khoi Khiic khac Khuong Kim hoa thfio Kim ngan Kim tien thfio Lac tien Linh chi Madg Ma tien Ma tien thao Mfado M6c mien tii Moc t5c Nam hoang ba
Ten khoa hpc Styphnolobmmjaponiciim (L.) Sehott Illiciumverum Hook, f
Rosaodorata (Andr.) Sweet ^ Ocimumtenuiflorum L.
Cypenisrotundus L.
Scrophularianingpoensis Hemsl, Leoniirusjaponicus Houtt.
Momordicacharanlia L. ' Crotontonkinensis Gagnep.
Ardisiasilvestris Pitard J J Heterosmilaxgaudichaudiana ,1 (Kunth) Maxim. ']
Zmgiberofficinale Rose. ^ ••
Abutilonindicum (L.) Sweet " | | • Lonicerajaponica Thunb.
Desmodiumstyracifolium (Osbeck) Merr.
Passiflorafoetida L.
Ganodermalucidus (Leyss. ex Ft.) Karst.
Plantagomajor L.
Strychnosnux-vomica L.
Verbenaojficinalis L.
Costusspeciosus (Koenig) Smith Momordicacochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.
Equtsetumdebile Roxb.
Oroxylumindicum (L.) Kurz
tl
TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
Qudn ly tdi nguyin rdng & Moi trudng
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
Coc m3n Cot cfin Cot toai bo C u d 6 m Dgibi Dgi hai Dam duong hoic Dang sam Dfiy gio Dia hoang Di€n thit Difp ha chau Difp hg chfiu ding Dinh huong Dinh ling D S trpng D 6 trgng nam Don bl Diia go Hg kho thao Ha thii 6 do Ha thu 0 trfing Hoa tien Hoang dSng Hoang ky Hodng lien Hoang tinh do
Centipedaminima (L.) A. Br. &
Aschers.
Nephrotepiscordifolia (L.) Presl Drynariafortunei (Kze) J. Sm.
Stephaniadielsiana Y. C. Wu Blumeabalsamifera (L.) DC.
Hodgsoniamacrocarpa (Blume) Cogn.
Epimediumsagittatum (Sieb. &
Zucc.) Maxim.
Codonopsisjavanica (Blume) Hook. f. & Thorns.
Strychnosignatii Berg.
Rehmanniaglutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. ex Steud.
Reynoutriajaponica Houtt.
Phyllanthusurinarm L.
Phyllanthusamarus Schum.
Syzygiumaromaticum (L.) Merr.
& Perry
Polysciasfniticosa (L.) Harms Eucommiaulmoides OUv.
Euonymusjavanicus Blume Paeoniasuffruticosa Andr.
Pandanustonkinensis Martelli Prunellavulgaris L.
Fallopiamidtiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson
Streptocaulonjuventas (Lour.) Merr.
Asarumglabnim Merr.
Fibraurearecisa Pierre Astraga Ittsmembranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge
Coptischinensis Franch.
Polygonalumkingianum Coll, &
Hemsl.
76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102
Ngh?
Ngii gia bi Ngu vi tii Nhfin trfin Phugng Vl thao Qui Rfiuhum Sanhan Sai dat Sfim cau Sen Tam thfit Tao tau Thach xuong bo Thanh mgc huong Thanh thi^n quy Thao quyfit minh Thfit difp nhfit chi hoa Thien m6n dfing Thien nien kifn Tho phyc linh Tho te tan To mfic Tirbi Xacan Xuyen khung Y d i
Ctircumalonga L.
Acanthopanaxtrifoliatus (L.) Voss.
Schisandrachineiisis (Turcz.) K.
Koch
Adenosmacaeruleum R. Br.
Pterismultifida Poir.
Cinnamomumcassia Presl Taccachantrieri Andre Amomumvillosum Lour.
Wedeliachinensis (Osbeck) Merr.
Curculigoorcliioides Gaertn.
Nelumbonucifera Gaertn.
Panaxpseudo-ginseng Wall.
Ziziphusmauritiana Lamk.
Acorusgramineus Soland.
Aristolochiatuberosa Liang & Hwang Nerviliafordii (Hance) Schlechter Sennatora (L.) Roxb.
Parispolyphylla Smith A.'tparaguscochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.
Homalomenaocculta (Lour.) Sehott Smilaxglabra Wall, ex Roxb.
Asarumcaudigerum Hance Caesalpiniasappan L.
Plucheaindica (L.) Less.
Belamcandachinensis (L.) DC.
Ligusticumwallichu Franch.
Coixlacryma-Jobi L.
Nguyen li^u (dugc li$u thu hoach)
Cdt Xdng luu huynh
Phoi say
Thanh phdm (dugc li?u sau ehe bien) Hinh 01. Sff do quy trinh ehe biin dupre lifu tpi xd Binh
T ^ CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
Qudn ly tdi nguyin rimg & Mdi trudng Tai xd Binh Minh, cong vide chii ydu lien quan den dugc lieu la trdng vd sa ehe tao thdnh nguyen li?u dk lam thuoc (ggi ehung la ehe bidn dugc li?u). Ngudn dugc lieu ndy dugc ban cho cdc vimg khde trong ed nudc va Trung Quoc. Quy trinh chd bien dugc lieu gom cac cong do^n chii ydu dugc neu trdn hinh 01.
Dieu ddng luu y d quy trinh trdn la ngudi ddn da xdng luu huynh dd dugc lieu khong bi nam moc vd cd dg trdng, do deo nhat dinh.
Bang 04. Kit qud phdn tich hdm
Tdt ca cac lodi dugc Hdu ddu dugc xdng luu huynh true tiep khi dugc li$u cdn tuoi hodc tam vao dugc lieu sau khi luu cat dugc lifu trong kho. Lidu sii dyng thdng thudng la 3- 4 kg luu huynh dd xong cho I ta dugc li$u voi thdi gian xdng Id tu 2 den 3 ngay.
3.2. Ham lucmg Luu hu$'nh co trong duyc Hfu dirge chi bien t^i xa Binh Minh
lupng luu huynh cd trong dirpc lipu
Don vj (%)
Ten din^c lifu
Hdm luQUg liru huynh S (%) Khdng xdng liru hu^'nh C6 xongliru huynh 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B^ch chi Bac hi C6 ngpt Cot todi bo Dja liln Ha thu 6 Ngh? den Sam dai hanh Tam that nam Tm§t nam
0,349 0,427 0,318 0,205 0,754 0,129 0,114 0,106 0,205 0,400
0,508 0,752 0,361 0,51 0,902 0,156 0,441 0,147 0,981 0,557
Trung binh 0,301 0,532
Bsich Bgc C6 C6t Bia H4 Ngh« Sam T . m TniSt chi h i ngpt toa liin thu 6 aen a?! t h * nam
Ten dipp-c l i f u
Hinh 2. Hi^ l^g Luu huynh (S) troug dufc lifu khi xdng vi khdng xong Luu huynh
T ^ P CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
Qudn l^ tdi nguyen rung & Mdi trudng Cac loai dugc li?u khdc nhau chua qua xdng
Luu huynh thi ham lugng Luu huynh dao dgng tu 0,106% ddn 0,654%, trung binh 0,301%. Lodi dugc Ii?u cd Luu huynh cao nhat la Dia lidn, sau dd Id Bac ha, Tru^t nam, Bach ehi va Cd nggt, Cdt toai bd, Tam thdt nam, Nghe den. Duge ligu cd Luu huynh thdp nhdt Id Sam d^i hanh.
Doi vdi eac mau dd qua xdng Luu huynh thi hdm lugng Luu huynh dao dgng tir 0,147%
ddn 0,981%, trung binh 0,532%. Loai dugc lieu da xdng Luu hu;ynh cd ham lugng Luu huynh ldn nhdt Id Tam thdt nam, sau dd la Dia lidn, B?c Hd, Tru|it nam, C6t toai bd, B^ch chi, Nghd den, Cd nggt, Hd Thii d vd cudi cimg Id Sam dai hdnh.
Tir bidu do hinh 02 eho thdy: eac lodi dugc ligu khac nhau thi ham lugng Luu huynh khdc
Bdng OS. Muc dp tdn duLuu huynh
nhau, song trong cimg mdt loai dugc lieu thi hdm lugng Luu huynh cd trong dugc lieu cd xdng Luu huynh se cao han dugc li?u khdng xdng Luu huynh. Nhu v|iy, vide xdng Luu huynh de bdo quan va chd bidn da tao ra mgt lugfng Luu huynh tdn du trong dugc li$u.
De danh gia lugng Luu huynh ton du hay muc do tdn du Luu huynh trong duge lieu sau xdng va bdo quan bang Luu huynh ciing nhu dd so sdnh lodi dugc lieu ndo cd miic tdn du Luu huynh cao han, nghidn eiiu da edn cii vdo sir chdnh lech hdm lugng Luu huynh giira mau cd xdng va khdng xong Luu huynh trong ciing mgt loai dugc lidu.
Muc dg tdn du Luu huynh S% = S (%) (rong dime
lifQ xong S " ^ ( , ' " ) trong du^c li^u khong xong S
trong duffc lipu khi xdng Liru huynh Ban Vf: %
Ten duQ'C lifu Muc d9 ton du- S (%) 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Bach chi Bac ha C6 nggt Cot toai bo Dia liSn Ha thu a Ngh? den Sam dai hanh Tam that Truat nam
0,159 0,325 0,043 0,305 0,148 0,027 0,327 0,041 0,776 0,157
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Hinh 03. Md-c dp ton du Luu huynh trong dupc lipu khi xong Lua hupnh
TAP CHI KHOA H Q C VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHI|:P SO 4-2014
Qudn ly tdi nguyin rung & Mdi trudng Tir bdng 05 va bidu dd hinh 03 eho thdy:
Cdc lodi khac nhau flii miic do tdn du Luu huynh khac nhau. Luu huynh tdn du sau khi xdng Luu huynh dao dgng tir 0,027% den 0,776%. Loai cd khd ndng tdn du ldn nhdt la tam thdt nam (0,776%), sau do la Ngh? den (0,327%), B^c hd (0,325%) va Cot todi bd (0,305%). Loai co kha nang tdn du Luu huynh thap nhdt Id Hd thu d (0,027%)
3.3. De xuat m$t so giai phap giam thieu su ton du cua Luu huynh c6 trong duffc li?u duQ-c san xu^t va ehe biln t^i x3 Binh IVIinh
Qua trinh didu tra tai khu vuc nghidn ciiu cho thay nguyen nhan chii yeu khidn ngudi dan sir dyng Luu huynh dd xdng nhdm bao qudn dugc lieu la do thidu bidn phap bdo qudn va ehe bien dugc lieu. Tai dja phuang, nhidu chu CO sd khong mudn dp dyng bi?n phap xdng sinh vi dnh hudng true tidp ddn site khoe ciia hg khi hit phdi khi thai ehua Luu huynh, nhung hg ciing kliong cd bi?n phdp ndo khdc. Khi khai thdc vdo miia dong, dugc lieu khong phai dugc se hi thoi, cdn nen khai thac vdo miia he nang ndng phai khd duge duge lieu thi de mdt thdi gian ciing sd sd bi moc mgt. Ngoai ra, vdn de nhan thiic va cong tac qudn ly mdi tnrdng ttong chd bidn dugc lieu tai dia phuang cdn nhieu h?n ehe bap cap. Trude tinh hinh dd, nghidn ctiu dua ra mdt s6 gidi phdp chii ydu
sau nham gidm thidu vige lam dung Luu huynh trong chd bidn vd bdo quan duge lieu.
3.3.1. Gidi phdp vi mpt qudn ly
Trudc mdt can quy hoach mgt so didm s3y diem sinh t?p trung cho ed xa dd giam hot nhiing anh hudng ctia khi thdi tdi chat lugng mdi trudng sdng ttong khu ddn cu.
Cdn ban hanh vd thi^c thi cdc vdn bdn, quy udc chung vd bdo vg mdi trudng tai xa. Xay dyng cdc tieu chuan va th\rc hien ede dieu khoan Xli phat ddi vdi cdc hg gia dmh cd tinh vi ph^m cae quy dinh vd bao v? mdi tnidng, trong do c6 lien quan ddn vi?c sii dyng Luu huynh xong cho dugc lieu.
Ndng cao y thuc va ttdnh nhifm ciia nguoi dan frong qua trinh chd bidn dugc li$u. Tuyen truyen cho ngudi ddn thay rd tac h^i cua viec xdng Luu huynh eho dugc ligu dnh hudng nghidm ttgng ddn siic khde ciia chinh hg va ciia nhfing ngudi sir dyng thudc c6 nguon goc tir dugc lieu xdng Luu huynh.
3.3.2. Gidi phdp ky thuat
Nguydn nhan true tiep khidn Luu huynh ton du ttong dugc lieu la do khau xdng Luu huynh, hay ndi edeh khae Id do ky thudt ch^ bidn dugc li?u. Trudc th\rc trang dd, nghidn cim de xuat giai phap ky thudt nhdm bd xung hodn thi^n quy trinh chd bidn dugc ligu cho xd Binh Minh.
Thu hai dugc
lieu
Riia Ngam Cdt
thai
Phcfi say
Bao qudn t?i
kho
Hinh 04. Sff dd quy trinh chi biin dufc lifu di xuat
* Uu diem ciia quy trinh cbi biin dufc lieu de xudt so vol quy trinh cS dang dp d^ing tgi xa Binh Minh:
- Dmyc li?u dinjc Idem soat tvr khau thu hai tdi khau bao quan tai kho.
- Quy trinh de xuit da loai bo khau xong Itru huynh. Theo quy trinh cu nguyen nhan chinh gay ra s\r t6n du Liru huynh la do xong sinh.
- Bo sung khau ngam, li, do dugc lieu giup dugc Ueu mem deo va tao dugc tinh bgt cho dugc heu. Miic dich ciia viec xong Luu huynh (quy trinh cii) la ngoai vi$c bao quan dugc li?u chong nam moc con lam thu6c c6 dg nhu?n deo va tao tinh bgt, d0 trSng cho dugc U?u.
Nhu vay khau ngam, ti, dd da giai quy6t dugc muc dich nay thay cho xong Lira huynh.
68 T ^ P CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM N G H I f P SO 4-2014
Qudn l^ tdi nguyin rdng & Mdi trucmg - Khdu phoi sdy dugc lieu dp dung theo
diing quy trinh se han chd ndm mdc thay cho vige xong Luu huynh de bao quan.
- Khdu bdo quan tai kho cd y nghia quan trgng ttong viec kidm sodt vd khdng chd duge s\r pha hoai eua ndm moc, sdu mgt vd cdn trimg Cling nhu dam bdo dugc chdt lugng dugc ligu.
Nhung kho khdn khi dp dting quy trinh chi bien dupre lieu di xudt
- Vide ngdm, dd, u dugc ligu cung nhu phoi khd dugc lieu cdn didn tich mat bdng ldn mdi ddp iing vdi khdi lugng ldn dugc ligu tai dia phuang.
- Viec say dugc lieu doi hdi phai ed 16 say, tii say trong khi dd didu kign kinh td cua ngudi ddn cdn nhieu han chd.
- Vige xdy dung kho bao quan cung c^n co s\f ho ttg ve ky thudt vd kinh te.
Gidi phdp chu yeu de co the dp dting quy trinh chi biin dupfc lieu di xudt
Dd thao gd nhirng kho khdn ttdn, dia phuang can cd sy ho ttg ciia cdc co quan ban nganh nhu:
- Tap hudn ky thudt trong vige sdy va bao qudn duge lieu dung quy each.
- Hd ttg hoac cho vay vdn tir edc ngan hang d^ dia phuang cd the mua sdm trang thiet bj phyc vu cho hoat ddng chd bien vd bdo quan dugc ligu.
- Dieu quan trgng hon cd la thai dg va y thiic ciia ngudi ddn cung nhu sir vdo eudc cua ede ea quan chiic ndng va ca quan chinh quyen dia phuang ttong cdng tdc bdo vg mdi ttudng bdo vd chdt lugng dugc ligu.
IV. KET L U ^
- Thdnh phdn cdc lodi dugc ligu dugc ttong va chd bidn tai x3 Binh Minh tuong doi da dang gdm 41 lodi duge trong tai dja phuang vd 102 lodi dugc thu mua tir nai khac. Quy trinh ehe bien dugc ligu dan gidn, chd bien dugc khdi lugng ldn va co su dyng Luu huynh.
- Cac loai dugc ligu khac nhau thi ham lugng Luu huynh khac nhau, kd cd ttong nhdm khdng
T ^ CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH|; LAM NGHI|:P SO 4-2014 xdng hay cd xdng Lim huynh. Nhdm dugc lieu khdng xdng Luu huynh, hdm lugng Luu huynh dao dgng tir 0,106% ddn 0,654%, nhdm duge lieu ed xdng Luu huynh, ham lugng Luu huynh dao dgng ttr 0,147% ddn 0,981 %.
- Vide xdng Luu huynh dt bao quan vd chd bidn da tao ra mgt lugng Luu huynh ton du ttong duge li^u. Cdc loai khac nhau thi lugng Luu huynh tdn du khdc nhau. Luu hu^^nh tdn du sau khi xong Luu huynh dao dgng tir 0,027% ddn 0,776%.
- Cac giai phdp chii ydu dd han chd viec lam dyng Luu huynh dd xdng dugc ligu cung nhu bdo qudn tot dugc lieu tai dia phuong Id:
dp dung quy trinh, ky thuat chd bien dugc lieu khdng su dyng Luu huynh; ndng eao nhdn thiic ctia ngudi dan vd can cd su quan tdm hon niia tir chinh quydn dia phuang vd cdc ca quan chiic ndng.
TAI L I $ U THAM KHAO
1. Lc Huy Ba (2007). Dpc chdt moi truang. NXB Khoa hgc ky thugt
2 Do Huy Bich \k cs (2006). Cdy thuoc vd dgng vgt ldm thuoc & Viit Nam Tap I, II. NXB Khoa hpc va Ky thuat, Ha Noi.
3. B$ Y Te(1997). Duffc lieu hpc. NXB Y hpc. Ha Noi.
4. Bg Nong nghi?p va phat trien nong th6n(2001).
Tiiu chudn lOTCN 449-2001-Phdn tich cdy trdng.
nguyin tdc chung vi ldy mdu vd chudn bi mdu di xdc dfnh mdt so nguyin to.
5. Vo Van Chi(1997). Tie diin cdy thudc Viit Nam.
NXB Yhpc, Ha Npi.
6. Chi thi So 03/CT-BYT ngay 24 thang 02 nSm 2012 ve viec tfing cuong quan ly cung iing, sir dung dugc li^u, thuoc dong y, thuoc tu dugc li^u trong cac co so kham b^nh, chiia benh bdng y hpc co tniyen.
7. Nguyen Phuong Dung (2011). Chi biin dup^c lieu.
NXB Y hgc.
8. Do Tat L^i (1999). Nhung cdy thudc vd vi thudc Viel Nam. NXB Khoa hgc va Ky thu$t. Ha N§i.
9. ZhongHong Min, Zhang Hua (2013). Phucmg phdp phdt hiin xong Luu huynh Irong bdo qudn thdo dugc Trung Qudc. Tgp chi: ThS gi6i khoa hpc va cong ngh? - Hifn dgi hoa y dugc Trung Quoc, tip 15, s6 4, nam 2013, Trang 685-688,
69
Qudn ly tdi nguyen rdng & Mdi trucmg
RESEARCH DETERMINE THE CONCENTRATION OF SULFUR IN SOME MEDICINES THAT GROWS AND PROCESSES HERBAL
IN BINH MINH COMMUNE KHOAI CHAU DISTRICT, HUNG YEN PROVINCE
Tran Thi Huong
S U M M A R Y
Binh Minh Commune. Khoai Chau district. Hung Yen province is a traditional village where Ihe local grows and processes herbal medicines. During the processing and preservation, herbal medicines are fiimtgated or smoked with sulfur (burning suliur). The research collected 20 samples of heriial medicines m Binh Minh commune (including 10 samples are not mixed with sulfur and 10 samples are smoked with sulfiir) to determine the concentration of sulfiir (S%) in the samples. The results showed that sulfur concentrations in the blank samples ranged from 0,106% to 0,654% and the amoimt in the other samples is between 0,147% to 0,981%. The research also found that sulfiir concentrations differed from species to species. In the same species, the amount of sulfiir in fiimigated samples was higher than that in the blank samples. This demonstrated that there was an amount of sulfur residue in herbal medicines, ranging from 0,027% to 0,776%.
The purpose of adding sulfiir to herbal medicines during processing and preserving is to anti mold, whiten and to produce starch for medicines. Based on current herbal medicine processing in the locality, the research proposed solutions to reduce the sulfiir residues in the herbal medicines, including: applying herbal medicine processing techniques with small amount of sulfur or without sulfiir; increasing local awareness, and enhancing the management from local authority and related agencies.
Keywords: And sulfur, Binh Minh - Khoai Chau - Hung Yen, herbal medicines.
N g u ^ phdn bifn Ngdy nh&n bdi Ng^y phan bif a Ngdy quyet djnh ddng
TS. Dinh Quoc Cirfrng 05/6/2014 07/8/2014 20/10/2014
70 T ^ P C H i iCHOA H Q C V A C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P S O 4 - 2 0 1 4
