NANG CAO TRACH NHIEM COA C U D A N DIA PHUONG VA KHACH DU LICH TRONG BAO VE M O I TRUONG
BIEN CAT BA
Nguyen Thuy An*, Nguyen Thi Thu HUtfng*
TOM TAT
Khich du Ueh vi cdng ddng eu dan dia phuang li hai trong sd nhung nhin td ma boat ddng eiia hp CO tie ddng manh me din mdi trudng ty nhien viing biln Cat Bi. Do dd, vdi chiln lupc phit trien du hch ben viing tai dio nggc niy, vile ning eao traeh nhiera cua cu din dia phuang vi khich du Ueh trong bao ve mdi trudng bien Cat Bi li rit ein thiet.
Tie khda: cu dan dia phucmg, khich du lich, bio ve radi trudng bien.
IMPROVING THE LOCAL RESIDENTS'AND TOURISTS' RESPONSIBILITY IN PROTECTING CABA MARINE ENVIRONMENT ABSTRACT
Tourists and local residents are two among the main factors whose activities have a strong impact on Catba natural envuonment. Thus, in the strategy for sustainable tourism development on this island, it is necessary to improve the local residents' and tourists' responsibility in protecting Catba marine environment.
Keywords: local residents, tourists, marine environment protection.
1. Md OAU nude lua ehpn trong chuyin di cua minh. Tuy nhiln, sy phat trien d at, "ndng" vl du Hch ciia Cat Bi, dac biet vao miia du Hch biln tir thing 5 din thing 8 hing nam da dat Cat Ba dimg trudc Cung vdi kinh te eang biln, du Hch da ddng
gdp ldn vio su phat trien kinh tl cua thinh pho Hai Phdng va trong dd khong thi khdng ke din
J . - i - i - - . - / - . ' . r T ri *u i--i.-~ /-•*t>- nhirng thaeh thirc khdng ben vung, mdi trudng du hch bien tai Cat Ba. Doc theo ba bien Cat Ba , . , . . . . ,, ; , .... 'c . . * • U-- ^ u tu nhien bl anh hucmg nghiem trong.
li nhung bai tam xinh dep, nuac men trong xanh, • • ° ° • ° ngoai khai la mot day dao nhu mot chuoi nggc Trong nhiing nam qua, cac ea quan quin ly viin quanh bd biin. Trong Idng biin li thi gidi nha nude, dem vi kinh doanh va cgng ddng din san hd va nhiing sinh vat biin quy hiira, cd gii cu tai Cit Ba da bit diu y thiic dupe tim quan tri du Hch,... Die biet, khu bao tdn thien nhien - trpng eiia hoat ddng bao vl, gin giii radi trudng Vudn qude gia Cit Bi ed tinh da dgng eao. Nhd biin nhim duy tri tinh dn dinh, ben viing ciia hdn dd, trong thdi gian qua, khu du lich Cit Ba li dao ngpe niy. Tuy nhien, bing eae boat ddng dia chi dupe nhiiu khich qude ti trong vi ngoii true tiep hay giin tiep eua cic td chirc, ci nhin
•ThS. Khoa Du bell
TAPCHlKHOAH0C,S621,th6ng03/2017 1 27
trong qui trinh du Hch da giy ra nhiing tac ddng tieu cue ddi vdi raoi trudng ty nhiln ncri diy. Vi vay viec nang cao y thirc, traeh nhilm cita cac bin HIn quan trong viec bio ve mdi trudng biln Cit Bi li vd eung ein thiit. Bii viit xin tap trung lam rd thue trang va mot so di xuit nhim nang cao y thiic trich nhi|m cua cpng dong dan cu va khich du lich trong bio vl radi trudng tu nhien vung bien Cat Ba.
2. N O I DUNG
2.L Th^c trqng mdi trudng biin CdtBd 2.1.1. Mgt so chi tiiu ngudn nude bdt ddu biin ddi
Bien ddng dp raudi viing bd Hai Phdng theo hai mua ehinh trong nam la miia kho (tir thing 11 nam trude den thing 4 nam sau) - dp muoi tang eao, kha dn dinh va miia mua (tu thing 5 din thing 10) - dp mudi bien ddng raanh, giam thap.
Khu vuc Cit Bi, biin ddng dp mudi trong nara tir 31,8%o din 17,4%o, bien do nam la 14,4%o [4,tr.l78] So vdi cae khu vye Dd San, cua Bgch Ding, eiia Van tic thi nude bien Cat Ba cd do mudi eao vi dn dinh, dO muoi giim thip trong nam it nhat. Bien cd che do trieu biln do ldn (4 - 4,3m) tao nln nhimg thay ddi vl dien mao bd, tang thim cinh quan ngip vi phai bai, bd dio.
Trilu dang cao vao ban ngay, mua he rat thugn Ipi eho du Hch bang tau thuyen.
Tuy nhiln, hien nay mdi trudng bien Cit Bi dang diing trudc nhilu nguy ea vi vin dl d nhiem nguon nude. Theo ehiing tdi tim hieu tii boat dpng nghien eiiu moi trudng biln ciia Vien Tai nguyin vi Mdi trudng bien Hii Phdng vl radi trudng bien ven bd cua biln Hai Phdng dang Bang 1. Ham luong diu trong nude
ggp vin di trudc tiln, dd li d nhiem diu. Da so cie mlu phan tieh (Ui|ra ehi ed the quan sit bing mit thudng) eho thay hira lupng diu trong nuoc viing biin ven bd Hai Phdng cd xu hudng tang cao. Thdi dilra eao nhat cdn xiy ra hien tirgng diu lan vio cae khu dira nuoi trdng thiiy san bira vio la su vgt vi ngim vao trim tich mgt diy. Nghiim trpng han li tac dpng tir hoat dpng kinh doanh van ehuyin, hoat ddng vin tai chd khaeh ra dio. Vio chinh vu du lich, tau ra Cit Ba va ngupc lai cd tdi hang tram luprt, vin ehuyen si lupng ldn hang hda, hinh khaeh. Cic phuang tiln thai ra sdng, bien lupng ldn chat thai cong nghiip vi sinh boat nhu can diu, nude ba-lit nia tau, cae ehit thii ran dang nhd trong khi viec fliu gom rie ididng dang kl. Cie phucmg tiln thiiy noi dia diu thiiu bp phan thu gom ehit thai, trong khi y thiic chip hanh quy dinh ve sinh moi trudng cua cae chu phuang tien niy chua cao, li tie nhin giy d nhilm mdi trudng vimg nude eang bien vi cac khu du lieh. Mdi ngiy khu vye Tiing Vyng, BSn Beo ddn hing tram tiu dinh ei, tiu chd dau, long be. Hogt dpng eua cac ldng be, tau thuyen d diy diu xi thang nude vi chit thii xuing biln khien nude bien bien miu, lim chit cae ran san ho va sinh the d ting dudi bien khu vye ben tau. Ngoai ra, do dieu kiln suang mii, cdng vdi dia hinh dao di vdi vdi nhiing ludng lach phiic tap, kha nang dam va tiu thuyin giy ra cae vy tran diu vi hoa chit dl xay ra. Diin hinh nhu ngiy 20/12/2004 tiu My Dinh trpng tai 7276 tin ciia Cdng ty van tai biin Ddng (thupc Tdng cdng ty Cdng nghi?p tiu thuy Viet Nam) chd 1200 tin hang tir cang Hai Phong di Quang Ninh den khu vye Hdn Bia (cich dio Long Chau 5,5 hai ly vl phia Tiy Bae) hi dam vao di ngim [4, tr.64].
viing bd Do Son, Cat Ba nam 2015 IpnuuffliM
C^t B^
Ifi^Stfn
Miiakbo KboSng 0,18-0,50
0,2 - 0,9
Trung bmh 0,34
0,6
Ham Ivyng (mg/1) Miia mira Khoang 0,10-0,59
0,2 - 0,4
IVung binh 0,23
0,3
Ti-ung binh nam
-. -^
0,28 0,4 (Ngudn:. 1 Viin Hdn ldm Khoa hoc vd Cong nghi ^it Nam ndm 2015)
28 I TRU6NGDAIHPCHAIPH6NG
Tii Bing 1 cho thay him lupng diu trong nude d Cit Ba trung binh nam la 0,28 mg/1, ehi sd nay cho thay miic dd d nhiira dau da d miie bio dpng. Mge du him luong diu trong nude d Cat Bi cdn thip han Dd San, song vdi su phit triln lupng khich nhu hi|n nay, neu khdng kiem soit tdt cic phuomg ti?n vgn chuyen khaeh vi dinh bat bii sin thi chi sd niy se edn tang ban niia.
0 nhilm dye nude diing thii 2 sau d nhiera diu. Gin diy inh hudng dye nude eiia ven bien Hii Phdng tang len ro khdng chi d khu vye bai tim Dd San raa da inh hudng manh din khu vye Ddng Nam Cat Ba. Dd li kit qui cua nan phi rimg eiing nhu xdi Id d viing ciia sdng, ven biln.
Cic doan bd b; xdi sgt raanh v i rat manh Ii Cat
Hai, Phil Long va Dinh Vii. Ddng biin cit dupe dua di chli ylu vao miia gid Tay Nam cd mua bao (thing 6 - 9 ) eiing la khoang thdi gian boat dpng du Iich diln ra manh me nhat. Mae dii tde dd xdi Id d eae bai bien Cat Ba khdng cao, dp dye d diy thip, song khu vye Ddng Nara Cat Bi dang dirag trudc nguy eo: Dye khdng nhiing lam bin nude rai cdn lam chit nhiiu h | sinh thii trong do cd san hd, giam nang suit nhiing loii dpng thyc vat sinh sdng ven bd, nhit li nhiing loai thye vat ndi se bi han che quang hgp.
Ngoai ra, dl dinh gii mire dQ 6 nhiem nude bdi ehat hiiu ca, ngudi ta dua vao hira lupng oxy va cac thdng sd nhu cau oxy hda hpc (COD) vi nhu ciu oxy sinh hda (BOD^). Kit qua khio sat tai Cit Hai va Cit Ba nhu sau:
B a n g 2. H a m Khu vye
O t B a Cat Hai
u v n g oxy h d a t a n , BOD^ va C O D (mg/1) t r o n g n u d e
^^BffiKi^-^ DO ' " • ™ ' ™ ' Khoang
5,41-7,55 3,40-6,20
Tiling binh 6,25 5,09
vung bien C a t B a , C a t H a i
P^'^*^BOD,^ ^ i ^ • ' ^ C O B H B H I
Khoang 0,06-1,29 2,29-2,67
Trung binh 0,66 2,48
Khoang 2,71-3,33 3,60-4,48
Trung binh 2,94 4,04 (Ngudn: Bdo cdo cua Viin Hdn ldm Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe Viet Nam ndm 2015) Nhu vay, him lupng oxy hda tan dao ddng tir
3,40 mg/1 din 7,55 mg/1, trung binh 5,67 mg/1 eao ban gidi han cho phep theo Quy chuan Viet Nam ddi vdi nude dung cho nudi trdng tiiiiy sin (5 mg/1);
BOD5 dao ddng tir 0,06 mg/1 din 2,67 rag/1, trung binh 1,57 mg/1 thip hem gidi hgn cho phep han 5 lin; COD dao ddng tir 2,71 mg/1 din 4,48 rag/1, trung binh 3,49 rag/I cao han gidi hgn cho phip li 0,49 lin.
Ngoai ra, chi si vi trimg hpe (eolifom) qua khao sit d khu vuc bai tara raiia cao diera deu vupt qua tiiu chuan cho phep. Nguyin nhin li do chit thai cdng nghiep, dd thi, cae khu dan cu va nhiing hogt dgng trln biln giy ra, trong do co cic hogt ddng sinh sdng cua cu din ven bien va
cic lang chai dd ra sdng, bien ven bd v i vimg nudi trdng thuy hii sin.
6 nhiira radi trudng biin anh hudng rit ldn din hoat ddng sin xuit v i sinh boat eua ngudi dan va tae ddng true tiep tdi viee thu hiit khieh du Hch din vdi biln dio Cit Ba. Cimg vdi bien dii khi hiu toin ciu, Cit Bi se cdn ducmg diu vdi nhiing eon bao Idn, mue nude dang eao v i sdng bien dii ddi- Co the kl den can bao thing 8 nara 2015 da khiln raoi trudng bien ven bd thi trin Cat Bi bi inh hudng nghiera trpng. Mdt si nhi hang ndi bi sdng biln dinh manh khien lupng ldn ea sd vat chat, lupng nguyen lieu hihi ca bi cuon ra bien (trong do khdng thi khdng nhac din nhiing ngudn nang luong cd thi giy d nhiera mdi trudng).
TAP CHi KHOA HOC Sfi 21, thang 03/2017 | 29
2.1.2. Y thuc cua eu ddn vd du khdch trong giic gin moi trudng biin
Cd nhilu nguyin nhan gay d nhiem mdi trudng biin Cit Bi nhu: su phit triln cae hogt ddng khai thie tii nguyin bien, chat pha rimg, nude tir nhiing ddng song d nhiem dd ra bien, nhiing phi thii tir ndi dia, ben eang, trln cie phuomg ti|n giao thdng van tii, do du khieh va cu din cd tinh hay vd y thai ra biln, sy cd do thiln tai,... timg ngiy do vao bien. Hiu qua la gii tri tu nhien ngiy eang suy thoii, biln due hda trim trgng. Trong nhiing nguyen nhin do, nguyen nhan gay d nhiem mdi trudng tii du khaeh la ed thi kiim soit tit nhit nhung vin di chinh la tir y thixc du khich vi su tuyin tmyIn, quan ly chgt ehe tai cic dilm du Iich.
Theo dieu tra thyc te ciia tic gia trong dip nghi 11 30/4, 1/5 va dip he eiia nam 2015, 2016 tgi Cat Ba, lupng rae d bai tam Cat Cd I, II tai Cat Ba dang dupe kiem soit tot, song rie trong khu vye cheo thuyen Kayak tren vinh Lan Ha lai cd ehieu hudng gia tang. Trong 2h cheo thuyen Kayak tren vinh Lan Ha, chiing tdi da thu vdt dupe rit nhieu vd chai nude, nilon, vd binh k?o,... So sinh giiia hai khu vye dupe dieu tra d trln, chiing tdi nhan thay y thiic du khich tai dilra din va su quin ly chat che vl radi trudng ciia Ban Quan ly dilm du Hch tgi bai tim ed vai trd quan trpng trong vi|e kilm soat mdi trudng ven bd.
Khi luu lupng khich qui eao vio miia cao dilm, cic thiing rac cdng cpng dat qui xa nhau nln du khaeh "tu nhiln" xa rie xuing dudng, bai tara hoae dpc ldi di tren mgn vudn hoa cdng cgng dpc bd biin Cat Bi.
So vdi diera du Hch bien Dd Son, ndi ehung, y thirc giii gm ve sinh chung va mdi trudng trln biln Cat Ba da ed bude tiin dang ki. Mot sd ngudi din da ed y thiic giii gin vl sinh radi trudng bien vi tii nguyin tgi eic diim du Hch.
Tuy nhien, ip lue ve doanh thu vi thu hdi v6n diu tu khiln rapt sd ca sd kinh doanh dich vy da khdng chu y den trieh nhiem ciia doanh nghi^, ei nhin trong bao v | mdi trudng bien.
Hien nay, mot so doanh nghiip kinh doanh dieh vy tai khu vye bien Cat Ba ehua cd h? thing thu gom, xir ly nude thai vi rie sinh boat, dac bilt edn dd nude thii thira thau xudng dit. Mpt sd nhi hing tai Cat Ba edn budn bin dong vat quy hiem, hi|n tupng khai thie hi sinh thii quj hilra vin cdn xay ra trong khu bao tdn.
Theo thing kl, Cit Bi khdng cd nhiiu ki ot bim bien gidng nhung khu du Hch khae d miin Tnmg. Tuy nhiln, Cit Bi lai eo so lugng khach sgn, nhi nghi, nha hing bim biln kha day dac, nhat li nhiing nha hang ndi kha ldn nhu Nha hing Tuylt Beo, Nhi hing Hdng Nhung, Nha hang Lan Hg, Nhi hing Quang Anh,... Trong do, chi ed rat it cic khach san, r±a nghi ed he thong xir l^ nude thii dim bio tieu chuin, cdn hiu het cae he thdng xii ly nude thai da xudng cap hogc khdng cd raa xir ly true tilp ra biln.
Dao Cit Ba dang dimg trudc nguy co 6 nhiem ngudn nude do chit thai sinh hogt tu cac nhi hing be ndi trln vinh. Tai hdn dao ngpe nay cd tren 10 nhi hing be ndi ehuyin phyc vy an udng cho du khaeh, tap trung d vinh Cat Bi va vinh Cai Beo. Ngiy cao diem, mpt nhi be co thi ddn va phuc vu tdi 200 suit an/ngay. Lupng rac thai thu gom dupe eic nhi be tuan thii dua len bd diing quy dinh, song lupng "rae" do eon ngudi thai true tiep xudng bien tucmg ddi ldn, gay mat v | sinh, d nhiera ngudn nude nghiem trgng. Them vio dd, dudi cic nhi hang be noi la nhiing d long nudi thi hii sin dl phyc vu nhu cau thue khieh, giy quan nggi ve vl sinh an toan thyc phim. Ban Quan ly da nhilu lin kiu ggi cic ca sd kinh doanh dd xay dyng hay cd biln phip xii ly nude va rac thai hpp ly di dim bio moi trudng kinh doanh ehung dupe bin vinig nhung
30 I TRUONGDAIHOCHAIPHONG
ket qui ehua cao. Ban Quan IJ ed van bin gui len Ban Quin ly radi trudng cip trln vi thih hinh trln nhung kit qui dat dupe ciing kem kha thi bdi khi ea quan chiic nang di kiem tra thi hp eho nhin viln "tau tang" hien trudng hoae vui eit Iln, ngimg xa tam thdi.
Qua khao sat vi kit qui dilu tra eiia nhdm tic gii vl dinh gii van hda iing xir eua doanh nghiep kinh doar± du lich vdi mdi trudng ty nhiln, vdi 3 doi tupng dupe hdi va danh gia li doanh nghi|p kinh doanh du Heh, khach du lich vi eic ca quan quin ly tai dilm du Hch. Ben canh nhiing dinh gia d miie dp kha, so ngudi dinh gii tnmg binh, yiu vin ehilm ty le khi ldn, sd ngudi danh gia tdt edn d miic thip.
Bang 3. Danh gia vl ung xu* vdi mdi trirdng tii nhiln cua doanh nghiep kinh doanh
tai Cat Ba
STT
1 2 3
Cac chu the Ngucri kinh doanh N=100 Khach du ljch N=286 Quan ly tai diSm N=20
Mvc diem danh gii IVung
binh 3,70 3,73 3,65
Thap nh^t 2 2 1
Cao nh^t 5 5 5 (Nguon: kit qud diiu tra 2015) Dinh gii ciia ngudi kinh doanh vl van hda ling xir ciia dan vi kinh doanh du Hch tai Cit Bi vdi mdi trudng ty nhien vdi miic dilm 3.70/5 dilm. Trong sd ngudi kinh doanh tham gia vao qui trinh khio sit, 6,3% dinh gia d miic dp yiu, 30,4% danh gii d miic dp trung binh, 49,7%
dinh gia mire dp kha, chi cd 13,6% danh gii d miic dp tit. Khdng cd ai danh gii d mire dp kem.
Khaeh du Ueh dinh gii vi van hda ung xu eiia doanh nghigp kinh doanh du Hch tai Cit Bi vdi mdi trudng ty nhien cd miic diim trung binh cao hon li 3,73/5 diim. Trong so khich du Hch
tham gia vao qua trinh khao sit, 6,3% dinh gia d miie dp yeu, 31,4% danh gia d miie dp trung binh, 44,5% dinh gia miie dp khi, ehi cd 17,8%
dinh gii d mire dp tdt. Khdng cd ai dinh gii d mire dp kim.
Theo nhan dinh ciia co quan quan ly tai dilm du lich, miic diera dinh gii vl van hda iing xir eiia dan cu kinh doanh du Hch tai Cit Bi vdi mdi trudng ty nhien co mire diim la 3,65/5 diem.
Trong dd 36% danh gii d raiie dp trung binh, 34% danh gia miie dp kha, ehi ed 8% danh gia d miic dp tdt, 17% danh gii d raiie dp yeu, 5%
danh gii raiic do kem.
Qua sd lieu dieu tra thu dupe eho thiy, van hda ling xii eiia edng ddng dan cu kinh doanh du Hch tai bien Cat Ba vdi radi trudng ty nhien dupe danh gia la kha lae quan. Cd dupe kit qui niy li do nd luc eua cac cap, nganh va ea quan quin ly tai dilm trong viec tang eudng quan ly, giim sit vi tuyin tmyIn van ddng edng ddng din cu trong viec nang cao y thuc bao ve radi trudng biln. Tuy nhiln, bin canh dd van edn nhiing hgn ehi ein giii quylt nham phit trien du Hch ben viing bien Hai Phdng.
Dl phit trien du Hch ben viing, ngudi kinh doanh ben egnh viec diu tu ve ky nang, nghiep vy, eham ehiit cho sin phim dich vu eua minh thi ludn phii y thiic vi|e gin giii, bao vl mdi trudng biln li trieh nhiera ehung eiia minh va cgng ddng.
Tgi Hii Phdng, doanh nghiep Iii hanh li dan vi tien phong trong edng tie td chiic, tuyin tmyen cho du khich thara gia cie chuang trinh du Heh CO trach nhilm long ghep trong cic chuyin tour.
Tieu biiu li Vietravel ehi nhinh Hai Phdng. Sang ngiy 06/09/2013, Cdng ty Du lieh Vietravel chi nhanh Hai Phdng da kit hpp eung chi nhanh cong ty TNHH GE Vi|t Nam tgi Hii Phdng t i chirc chuong trinh " Vi mau xanh bien dao" tai huyen dao Cit Ba. Day la hogt dong thiit thyc
TAP CHI KHOA HOC, Sd 21. thdng 03/2017 | 31
vi ed siic lan tda trong chudi chuang trinh "Du Hch vi mdt raoi trudng xanh vi saeh" mi cong ty triin khai nam 2013. Cae tinh nguyen viln trong chuang trinh da eimg dgn ve sinh tai bai tim Tiing Thu vi tuyen tmyen eho du khieh va ngudi dan dia phuang ve y thiic giii gin ve sinh mdi trudng. Ong Michael Zhang - Tdng Giam dde GE cho biit: Chuong trinh Id hoat dpng xd hpi cd y nghia vd mang Iqi hmu qud tich cue vdi moi trudng. Ddy cdng Id dip de cdn bp nhdn vien cdng ty nhdc nhd vd ndng cao y thiec bdo vi moi trudng, thong qua do trd thdnh nhihig dqi su moi trudng tqi chinh cong so vd ncri sinh song.
Co thi ndi, Cdng ty Vietravel tii 2013 den nay da thudng xuyen td chiie cac chuang trinh du Hch vi raOt mdi trudng xanh vi saeh, giiip nang eao y thiic ciia du khaeh vi cu dan dia phuang trong bao vl radi trudng. Chuang trinh ludn nhan dupe sy quan tim cua du khich vi hudng iing tir edng ddng. Tae dpng trd Igi eiia nd la edng ty da td ehuc dupe nhilu chuang trinh tour nghi dudng, thara quan ket hpp vdi hogt ddng ciia cpng ddng tai CitBi.
2.2. Mpt so de xudt nhdm ndng cao y thirc trdch nhi^m bdo ve mdi tru&ng bien Cdt Bd ddi vdi cpng dong dan cu vd du khdch
2.2.1. Doi vdi cpng dong ddn cu Trudc hit, cdng ddng din eu kinh doanh du Hch bao gdm cie doanh nghiip Iii hinh;
cae doanh nghiip kinh doanh Iim tni, an udng tai Cit Bi ein thi hi?n rd vai trd, traeh nhiera eua minh trong boat ddng bio v? radi trudng biln khi phyc vy du khaeh den tham quan, nghi dudng tgi Cit Ba.
Cic doanh nghiep Iii hinh tir viee thiit ki tour du Heh sinh thai, du Hch cdng ddng, du lieh mao hilra, du Iich tham quan nghi duang d Cit Ba phue vy du khich d Cat Bi phii cd tinh trich nhi|ra trong nhiing hoat ddng hudng din vile gia tang Ipi ich kinh ti, xa hdi va moi trudng cia du Hch, dong thdi giam thiiu cac tic dpng tiiu eye din mdi trudng ty nhiln. Viec liln kit, hpp tie
vdi eae don vi cung iing du lich nhu van chuyin, luu tni, an udng ein ehu y den lua chpn nhiing dan vi cd uy tin, chat lupmg phyc vu tdt va diu ed dilm chung trong boat ddng thin thiln, co trich nhiem vdi mdi trudng. Trong edng tie giao dye ddi ngii ciia minh, dae biet la dpi ngu hudng din vien du Ueh, cic doanh nghipp Iii hinh ein nang cao y thiic trieh nhiem eiia dpi ngu vi co nhiing ylu eau cu thi doi vdi hg trong qui tiinli tic nghiep khdng dupe ed nhirng hanh ddng lam tdn hgi den mdi trudng tu nhiln. Hudng din vien phii ed traeh nhiem lara gucmg trudc du khach trong tdn trpng vi bao ve moi trudng biin.
Hudng dan vien ean thdng bao nhiing npi quy cu thi liln quan den y thiic giir gin vl sinh ehung, nhiing hinh ddng cua du khich khi tham quan vinh, vudn qude gia vi nhieu hoat dgng khae tai dilm du Ueh Cit Bi. Doanh nghiip lii hanh nen khuyen khich dpi ngii hudng dan vien to chirc nhung hoat dpng thilt thuc, nhiing trd chcri gan vdi viee bao ve mdi trudng de du khaeh tham gia. Nhiing chuong trinh nhu "Vi miu xanh biln dio"; "Chung tay bao ve moi trudng bien Cat Bi"; "Ndi khdng vdi vile tiiu dimg dpng thyc vit quy hilm cd nguy ea tuyet ehung trong ehuyen du lieh din Cit Bi",... nln dupe doanh nghiip lii hanh ldng ghep trong boat dpng to ehiic chuang trinh du lieh cua rainh.
Ddi vdi dan vi kinh doanh luu tni, an uong ein thyc hien cae bien phap bio ve mdi tmdng, tilt kilra nang lupng, tai sii dyng nguyen lieu.
Cie doanh nghiep thyc hien dieu nay khong nhiing dim bao eae mue tieu ed trach nhilm ciia dan vi kinh doanh raa cdn cd khi nang tgo ra nhan thiic trich nhiera cho du khieh, eho cgng dong dia phuang va cho eae doanh nghiep du lich khic. Cae khach san, khu nghi dudng can chli trpng vi?e su dyng eic sin pham xanh, than thiln vdi mdi trudng nhu: dau tam, dau gdi dau, xi phdng, kem dinh rang dugc sin xuit tir cac nguyin vit li^u cd trong tu nhien nhu trai dira, trii chanh, si, d Uu vi eae sin phim nay vira an toin, vua dam bao chit lupng va tilt kilm cbi
32 I TRU6NG DAI HOC HAI PHONG
phi cho khich sgn. Cin cd y thirc xiy dyng ddng bd ca sd kinh doanh vdi cie khu vye chira va xu 1^ chit thai. Chu y tao khdng gian xanh cho ea sd kinh doanh eiia minh, Ludn y thirc sii dyng cic ngudn nguyin lieu saeh trong kinh doanh budn ban vi ehi biin am thuc phyc vy du khach.
Ddi vdi cu dan dia phuang cin the hien rd trich nhiem eua rainh vdi radi trudng tu nhien Cit Bi vi trudc bet do chinh li radi trudng sing, radi trudng kinh doanh du Hch lau dii ciia hp.
Trong qua trinh phuc vy khach du Heh, eu dan dia phuang nen khuyen khieh du khaeh an, udng cac thiic an, thirc udng san ed dupe ehe bien tgi dia phuong. Vile su dung cic thyc phim dia phucmg vua tang thu nhip eho ngudi din, vira giim dupe lugng khi thii vi ehi phi trong qui trinh sin xuit, van ehuyen tir nai khac den.
Trong nhung boat ddng nhu nudi trdng, danh bat bii sin, che bien hai sin, eu dan dia phuomg can tuan thii nhiing quy dinh vl bio vl mdi trudng ty nhien, khai thie nhung vin dim bio sy tdn tai, phat trien bin viing ciia h$ sinh thai biin. Trong hogt ddng phyc vy du khich tai Cit Bi, eu dan dia phuang phii nlu cao y thiic trach nhiera cua minh vdi boat dpng gin giii radi trudng vl sinh, Hp eiing ein giio due eon em rainh eung chung tay giii gin dudng phd, mdi trudng nude biln, biu khdng khi trong lanh.
2.2.2. Ddi vdi khdch du lich din Cdt Bd Trudc hit, du khich nln lua ehpn mua tour tgi nhiing doanh nghiep lii hinh uy tin, eic dieb vu trong ehuang trinh du lich cd chat lupng cao va hudng din trach nhiira vdi radi trudng du Hch.
Nln lua chgn eae logi hinh du lich vira thda raan nhu ciu du Hch eiia bin than vira raang lai lpi ieh cho cpng ddng ncri du khach din du Heh. Khi din Cit Bi, du khieh nen tham gia tour du Ueh cpng ddng lang Viet Hii, du lich sinh thii cpng ddng Gia Luan, du lich smh thai Phii Long. Du khaeh nen lua chgn nhung dich vy thin thien vdi mdi trudng nhu thara quan thi tran, cie xa dao bang
xe dap; nhung boat ddng the thao than tbi^n vdi radi trudng bien nhu bdng chuyin bai biln, chuyen bdng nude; tham gia du Iich Homestay,...
Tii do, du khieh se tao dilu kiln vile lira, tang thu nhgp eho ngudi dan dia phucmg. Khi tham gia chuyen tour, du khach cin co y thirc eao trong tilt kilra nang lupng, sin sing thara gia eae boat ddng vi mdi trudng, cie hoat dgng vi su phat triln xa hdi. Thyc hien "ba khong": "khdng thude li", "khdng tiii nilon", "khdng vut vd ehai" tai eie diem du lich; san sing iing hp cic hogt ddng ed traeh nhiem vdi mdi trudng va phit trien kinh te - xa hdi tai cie dia phuang, eae xa dio nhu Tran Chiu, Phii Long, eic ling ehii,...
Du khach nen thue hien nhung yeu eau sau nhara trd thinh mdt khach du Hch c6 trich nhiem vdi moi trudng khi den du Ueh tai Cit Bi ciing nhu cie dia danh du Heh khae: Khdng xi rie bira bai;
Ty mang tui eua minh; Khdng dupe lang phi qua miic; Giii gin sy nguyen ven ciia ty nhiln;
Khdng gay inh hudng tdi cugc sdng hoang da;
Dap thude la diing each; Giira sir dung, tai sir dyng, va tii chl; Giim hi|u iing nha kinh; Tilt kilra nang lupng; Khdng mua hay an cac loai ed nguy ea tuyet chiing [1, tr.66].
3. K f l L U A N
Bio vl mdi trudng ndi chung vi mdi trudng biin tai Cat Bi ndi rieng li yeu eiu song cdn nhim phit triin du Heh ben viing ncri day. Mudn vay, ein cd su phdi hpp hoat dgng eua tit ci cie ben tham gia vio hoat ddng du Ueh nhu chinh quyin dia phuang, doanh nghiep lu hinh, doanh nghiep kinh doanh luu tni an udng, doanh nghiep van chuyin khieh du lieh, cu din dia phucmg, khieh du Hch. Bii vilt da tap tmng ehi ro sy can thilt phii nang eao y thiic, trieh nhilm ciia cpng ddng din cu va khach du Ueh trong bao ve mdi trudng biln Cit Bi. Su chung tay eiia nhieu td chiie, ea nhan trong gin giir, bio vl radi trudng biln Cat Bi se giiip hdn dio ngpe nay trd thinh dia chi du Hch ding tin eay ciia du khich.
TAP c m KHOA HOC, Sd 21. thiing 03/2017 | 33
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Thiiy An (2015), Phdt triin du lich co trdch nhiem tqi Cdt Bd, Hdi Phong, Di tai cip trudng Trudng Dai hpc Hii Phdng
2. Nguyen Dinh Hoe (2006), Moi trucmg vdphdt Irien ben vieng, NXB Giao dye.
3. Sd Van hda - Thi thao va Du lich Hii Phdng (2016), Bdo cdo hoqt dpng du lich ndm 2015, nhiim vu trgng tdm 2016.
4. Tran Diic Thanh (Chii bien) (2015), Thien nhien vd mdi trudng viing ba Hdi Phong, Nxb Khoa hpe Tu nhiln vi Cdng ngh?.
Ngdy nhqn bdi: 08/01/2017 Ngdy PB ddnh gid: 28/01/2017 Ngdy duyet ddng: 24/01/2017
34 I TRUONGDAIHOCHAIPHONG
