Tap chi KHLN 4/2014 (3524 - 3533) e>. Vien KHLNVN - VAFS
ISSN 1859-0373 Ding tai lai: v^ww.vafs.gov.vn
DA DANG THLfC VAT QUY HIEM
TAI KHU BAO TON T H I E N NHiEN NA HANG, TINH TUYEN QUANG
Trinh Ngoc Bon', Pham Quang Tuyen', Nguyen Diic Tu-ng"
' Vien Nghien ciru Ldm sinh
^Chi cue Kiem ldm Tuyen Quang
Tie lihoa: Na Hang, thye v^t qu^ hiem, da dang thirc vat, bao ton
TOM TAT
Nghien ciiu nay duoc thuc hien tai Khu bao t6n thien nhien Na Hang, huyen Na Hang, tinh Tuyen Quang. Day la khu vuc co he sinh thai da d?ng va phong phu voi nhieu loai thuc vat quy hiem. Nghien cuu nham danh gia dugc tinh da dang ihyc vat quy hiem tai khu vyc va xay dung dugc dan lieu nham phuc vu cong tac bao ton. Trong nghien cu'u nay, chiing toi su dyng phuong phap kl thira, phong vin va dilu tra theo tuyen ket hgp voi lap 6 tieu chuSn tam thai hinh tron dien tich 400m" d l thu miu Nghien cCru dugc thye hien trong nam 2013 va 2014 d5 thu thap bo sung dugc 195 loai so voi 1162 loai da cong bo cua Nguyen NghTa Thin (2006) da dua tong so loai da ghi nh^n duoc la 1357 loai thirc vat bac cao co mach. Trong do, 74 loai thye vat quy hiem chilm 5,45% so loai ghi nhan tai Na Hang, thupc 60 chi, 40 hp ciia 3 ng^nh thuc vat bac cao c6 mgch. S6 lirgng loai nam trong Sach do Viet Nam 2007 c6 62 loai, 25 loai thugc Nghj dinh s6 32/2006 \h 10 loai theo tieu chuan lUCN 2014. Co 9 dang song dugc ghi nhan, nhieu nhat la nh6m cay go vai 43 loai. tiep den la nh6m cay co co 26 loai, nhom cay bui CO 3 loai va thap nhat la nhom day leo co 2 loai. Ve gia tri sit dung co 38 loai CO gia trj lay g6, 34 loai co gia trj ve mat dugc lieu, 15 Ioai co gia trj lam canh, 9 loai c6 gia tri lam thuc pham, 7 loai cho tinh dau, 3 lo^i cho ta nanh chat nhugm, 1 loai c6 gi^ trj xay dyng va 1 loai c6 chat dgc. Nghien Cliu da chi ra dugc s6 loai cay quy hiem, co gia tri, cong dung cac nhom cac loai cay quy hiem Ket qua nghien ciiu lam dSn lieu quan trgng phyc vu cong tac nghien ciiu, quan ly nham bao ton va phat trien thuc vat quy hiem tai Khu bao t6n thien nhien Na Hang,
The diversitj' of rare plants in Na Hang Nature Rcser\'c, Tuyen Quang Province
Key words: Na Hang Nature Reserve, rare species, vegetation diversity, conservation
The forests of Na Hang Nature Reserve, Tuyen Quang Province, have a rich and diverse flora that includes many valuable species. In this study, we combined surveys in 2013 and 2014 with previous references related to forest tree diversity in this area, especially the lists of flora in Na Hang Nature Reserve, to quantily the diversity in the reserve. There was a total of 1,357 vascular plant species, including 74 high - value tree species, which was equivalent to 5.45% of total species richness in Na Hang. There were 62 species on the Vietnam Red list (2007), 25 species on the Decree No 32/2006 list, and 10 species on the lUCN 2014 list. The species in Na Hang Nature Reserve belong to three vascular plant classes, and are distributed across 40 families and 60 different genera. These species distributed across nine life forms, with the predominant forms being woody plants (43 species), then herbaceous plants (26 species), shrubs (3 species), and climbers (3 species).
In terms of resources, there are 38 species which can be used for timber; 34 species used for medicine; 15 species used for their aesthetics, nine species used for food; six species used for oil; three species used for tannins; one species that is used for its construction values and one species that is poisonous.
Tqnh Nggc Bon ef al.. 2014(4) Tgp chi KHLN 2014
1. DAT VAN DE
Khu bao t6n thien nhien Na Hang nkm giiia 22**16' 22°3r dp vT Bic va 105^22' 105 29' do kinh Dong, hSu hk tren da me la da voi, dp cao tCr khoang 70m d^n 1067m, tren dja ban ciia 4 xa Son phii. Con Lon, Khau Tinh, Thanh Tuang va mpt phin cua thi tran Na Hang. Voi t6ng dien tich khoang 21.238,7ha trong do: co khoang 68% dien tich la rung 4m nhiet doi 6 tinh trang nguyen sinh hay chi thay ddi khong dang kk boi tac dpng ciia cgng dong dan cu; gSn 70% tham thuc vat tir nhien cua khu vuc la rung tren niii da voi, xen lan la nh&ng phan nho cua cac ki^u phu rimg thuong xanh tren ddt thap (Quy^t dinh s6 733/QD-UBND ngay 10/7/2014). Day la khu virc CO nhieu gia tn ve da dang sinh hpc va bao ton. Na Hang duac x^p la mpt trong 223 he sinh thai co tinh da dang cao nhat the gioi.
Hien nay, viec lam dap tliuy dien Na Hang da CO nhiing tac dpng nliat dinli den khu phan b6 ciia cac loai, nan chat pha rung lay g6 (Nghien, Trai, Thiet dinh, Bach xanh niii da,...) anh huong nghiem trpng den cong tac quan ly tai nguyen thuc vai trong khu virc. Them vao do la tinh trang khai thac tan diet cac loai lam san ngoai go ma da so la cac loai quy hiem ciia nguai dan song trong khu vuc da dan day cac loai vao nguy co tuyet chung. Vi vay, viec xac dinh va danh gia duac tliuc trang cac loai thuc vat quy hiem lam ca sa djnh huong cac giai phap bao ton thuc vat quy hiem a Khu bao ton thien nhien Na Hang, tinh Tuyen Quang la can thiet.
a DOI TlTpNG VA PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 2.1. Doi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu Thuc vat quy hiem theo "Sach do Viet Nam (2007)", ND32/2006 va cac loai tlieo tieu chi cua lUCN (2014).
Tat ca cac loai thirc vat bac cao co mach hien CO trong he sinh thai tu nhien a khu bao ton thien nhien Na Hang, tinh Tuyen Quang.
2.2. Phuong phap nghien ciiu
Phuang phdp ke thira: Ke thira cac tai lieu, ban do hien trang ve rirng tir nhien Na Hang va cac bao cao ve thuc vat co lien quan.
Phuong phdp phong vdn: Thu thap thong tin ve cac loai cay quy hiem thong qua viec phong van nguai quan ly, kiem lam va nguai dan song gan khu bao ton.
Phuang phdp dieu tra: Lap tuyen dieu tra cat ngang cac kieu tham thuc vat hoac sinh canh khac nhau. Tren tuyen, thong ke cac loai thuc vat da gap. Tien hanh dieu tra 12 tuyen sao cho cac tuyen di qua tat ca cac sinh canh, dt ngang cac dia hinh dien hinh, chieu rpng m6i tuyen la 30m, chi^u dai 3 - 5km.
- Tren cac tuyen dai, co dinh cur 300m chilu dai thi lap 1 otc hinh tron dien tich 400m^, ban kinh 12,3m, de xac dinh loai, mat dp. Do dem cay tai sinh va cay bui tham tuai 6 hinh tron dien tich 25m^, ban kinh 2,82m, dk xac dinh ten cay.
- Phuang phap thu mau va xir ly mau vat: theo tai lieu '"So tay huang ddn dieu tra vd gidm sdt da dgng sinh hoc'' (Nguyen Nghia Thin, 1997).
- Xac dinh ten cay: Dua vao cac tai lieu phan loai da co, tinh trang loai theo tai lieu: Cay co Viet Nam (Pham Hoang Hp, 1999 - 2000);
Ten cay rimg Viet Nam (Bp Nong nghiep va PTNT, 2000); Cam nang tra cmi va nhan bi§t cac hp thuc vat hat kin a Viet Nam (Nguyin Tien Bdn, 1997), Tdi nguyen cdy gd VietNam (Tran Hap, 2002); Sach Do Viet Nam ph5n Thirc vat (Bp khoa hpc va Cong nghe, Vien Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Viet Nam, 2007);
lUCN Redhst of Plants, 2014.
3525
Tao chi KHLN 2014 Trinh Nggc Bon etal., 2014(4) III. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Danh luc cac loai cay quy hiem KS thiia danh luc thirc vat 1162 loai da dugc cong b6 nam 2006 (Nguyen Nghla Thin, 2006) va k a qua diSu tra ciia nhom nghien ciiu trong 2 nam 2013 va 2014 da b6 sung them 195 loai, dua tong s6 loai thuc vat bac cao co mach a Khu bao t8n thien nhien Na Hang cho dSn nay la 1357 loai. Tir danh luc tren chiing
Bang 1. Danh sach cac loai thuc vat quy hiSm da ghi nhan dugc a Khu bao t6n thien nhien Na Hang
toi th6ng ke dugc 74 loai thuc vat quy hiem chiim 5,45% t6ng s6 loai (co 24 loai dugc bo sung), cac loai thuc vat quy hijm nam trong Sach do Viet Nam 2007 la 62 loai chiSm 4,57% t6ng s6 loai da ghi nhan tai Na Hang, s6 loai nam trong Nghi dinh 32/2006 la 25 loai chiSm 1,84% va cac loai theo tieu chi lUCN 2014 la 10 loai chiSm 0,74%. Ket qua dugc t6ng hgp a bang sau;
TT 1 1 1 II 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 5 8 6 9 III A 7 10 11 8 12
9
Ten khoa hoc Polypodiophyta Polypodiaceae Drynana bonii H Chnst Pinophyta Cephalotaxaceae Cephalotaxus mannn Hook, f Cupressaceae Calocedrvs ivpestris Aver
T.H.Nguyen S P K.Loc Fokienia hodginsil (Dunn) A.Henry & H H Thomas Cycadaceae
Cycas brachycantha K D Hiil, H-T Nguyen & P K Loc Cycas diannanensis Z-T Guan & G.D.Tao Cycas micholitzii Dyer Pinaceae Pinus kwangtungensis Chun et Tslang Taxaceae
Taxus chlnensis (Pilg) Rehd Magnollophyta Magnollopsida Annonaceae
Goniolhalamus macrocalyx Ban Xylopia vielana Pierre Apocynaceae
Rauvolfia vertiallata (Lour.) Baill Araliaceae
Ten Viet Nam Sach do VN Nganh Du'O'ng xi
Rang
Cot toai bo bon^ VU Nganh Hat tran Phi Dinh tCing^
Hoang dan Bach xanh nui da^
Pa mu' Tu§
Thien tue' T u i da vol' Tue xe^
Thong Thong pa co' Thong do Thong do blc^
VU
EN
VU
VU
VU Nganh Hat kin
L6p hai la miim Na Mau cau tr^ng^
Glen do' True dao Ba gac vong' NgQ da bi
vu
VU
vu
ND32
IIA
IIA
IIA IIA IIA
IA lUCN
En
VU VU
D^ng song
CPS
GDL
GOL GOL
GON GON GON
GOT
GON
GOT GOT
BUI Cong dgng
THU
LGO THU
LGO LGO DTC
CAN CAN CAN
LGO
LGO CAN
LGO THU LGO
THU
Tnnh Nggc Bon etal., 2014(4) Tap chi KHLN 2014
TT 13 14 10 15 16 17 18 11 19 20 12 21 22 13 23 14 24 15 25 16 26 17 27 28 29 18 30 19 31 32
33 34 35
Ten khoa h^c Acanttiopanax trifoliatus (L ) Voss Araiia chinensis L.
Aristolochiaceae Aristoiochia indica L.
Asarum balansae Franch.
Asarum caudigerum Hance Asanim giarum Merr Bignoniaceae Femandoa collignonii (Dop) Steen.
Ii/larkhamia stipulata (Wall) Seem Burseraceae
Bursera tonkinetisis Guillaumin Canarium tratndenum Dai & Yakovl.
Caesalpiniaceae Erythmphleum fordii Oliv Campanulaceae Codonopsis javanica (Blume) Hook. f.
Ctusiaceae
Garcinia fagraeoides A.Chev.
Cucurbitaceae Actinostemtna tenerum Griff Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpus retusus Blume Parasiiorea chinensis Hsie Wang Vatica subgiabra Merr Ebenaceae Diospyros mollis Griff.
Fagaceae
Castanopsis cerebrina (Hickel &
A.Camus) Barnett Castanopsis formosana (Skan) Hayata Castanopsis tesseltala Hickel & A.Camus Lithocarpus bacgiangensis (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus Lithocarpus balansae (Drake) A. Camus
Ten Vif t Nam Ngu gia bi gai^
Dinh lang trung qu6c^
MQC thong San aich^
Hoa tien^
Tho te tan^
Bien hoa' Dinh Dinh collignon^
Thiet dinh' Tram Ram' Tram den' Vang Lim xanh' Hoa chuong Ding sam' Bii-a Trai ly' Blu bi Xg hiing m§m' Diiu Ch6 nau' Cho chi^
Tau niFCfc' Thi Mac nira' De Soi phang^
Ca 01 dai loan^
Ca 01 la da' Gie bgc giang' S6I da la mac^
Sach do VN EN
VU EN VU VU
EN
VU
VU VU
VU
VU
VU
EN
EN
EN
EN
VU
VU
VU ND32
IIA IIA IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA
IIA lUCN
vu
EN
VU EN
Dang song BUI GON
DLT COD COD COD
GOL GOL
GOT GOL
GOL
COL
GOL
COL
GOL GOL GOT
GOT
GOL GOL GOL GOL GOT
Cong dung THU AND
THU
THU THU THU THU
LGO LGO THU
LGO LGO AND
LGO DOC
THU ANQ
LGO
THU
LGO CAN LGO CAN LGO
LGO AND
LGO LGO AND LGO AND LGO TAN LGO AND
3527
Tap chi KHLN 2014 Tnnh Ngoc Bon etal, 2014(4)
TT 36 37 38 20 39 40 21 41 42 43 22 44 45 23 46 47 24 48 49 50 25 51 26 52 27 53 2S 54 29 55 30 56
Ten khoa hoc Lithocarpus bonnetit (Hickel & A Camus) A Camus Lithocafpus hemisphaencus Barnett
Ouercus platycalyx Hickel & A Camus Juglandaceae Annamocarya sinensis (Dode) J.Leroy Carya lonhnensis Lecomte Lauraceae
Aclinodaphne eilipticibacca Kosterm,
Cinnamomum balansae H Lecomte
Phoebe macrocarpa C.Y.Vi/u Magnoliaceae
Michelia balansae (A DC ) Dandy Tsoongiodendron odonim Chun IVIeliaceae
Aglaia speclabilis (Miq ) S S Jam & S.Bennet Chukrasia tabulans A.Juss.
Menispermaceae Stephanie dielsiana Y C Wu Stephanie japonica (Thunb) Miers Stephanie rotunda Lour Myrsinaceae Ardisia siivestns Pit.
Opiliaceae Metlentha suavis Plena Polygonaceae- Failopia multldora (Thunb.) Haraidson Ranunculaceae Thailctnim foliosum DC Rubiaceae Canthium dicoccum (Gaernt) Teysm & Binn Sapotaceae Madhuca pasquierl (Dubard) H J Lam
Ten Viet Nam De da tuyen quang De ban c^u^
De cau^
H6 dao Cho dai' May chau^
Long nao Bop qua bau duc^
Gij huang^
Re tring qua to' Ngoc lan GIOI long' Gioi thffm Xoan GOI n i p ' Lat hoa' Tiet de Cij dom'^
Thien kim diing' Cu binh voi' D(yn nem Khoi tia' Rau s i n g Rau sang Rau ram Ha thu 6 do' Mao lu'i^ng Tho hoang lien' Caphe Xi/ong ca' Hong xiem Sen mat'
Sach do VN
vu
VU
vu
EN VU
VU VU VU
VU VU
VU
vu
VU
vu vu
VU
vu vu
EN ND32
IIA
IIA IIA IIA
lUCN
vu
EN VU
Dang song GOL GOL GOL
GOL GOT
GNB GOL GOT
GOT GOL
GOL GOL
COL COL COL
BUI
GON
COL
COD
GOL
GOL C6ng di^ng LGO LGO TAN
LGO
LGO CTD LGO CTD
LGO LGO CTD
LGO
LGO AND LGO CAN
LGO LGO
THU THU THU
THU
AND THU
THU
THU
LGO
LGO CTD
Trjnh Nggc Bon etal., 2014(4) Tap chi KHLN 2014
T T
31 57 32 58 B 33 59 34 60 35 61 62 63 36 64 37 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 38 72 39 73 40 74
Ten khoa hpc Styraceae AIniphylium ebeifiardtii Guillaum.
Tiliaceae
Burretiodendron hsienmu W.Y Chun S F C How Liliopsida Araceae
Homalomena gtgantea Engl Arecaceae
Calamus platyacanthus Warb, & Becc Convallariaceae Disporopsis longifolia Craib.
Ophiopogon tonl<inensis Rodr, Polygonatum l<ingianum Coll. & Hemis Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea coiletii Hook, f Ochidaceae Anoectochilus brevistylus (Hook.f) Ridley Anoectochilus calcareus Aver Anoectochilus lanceolatus Lindl.
Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Wall
Dendmbium fimbriatum Hook, f Nervilia fordii (Hance) Schltr.
Paphiopedilum malipoense S.C.Chen & Z.H.Tsi Stemonaceae Stemona pierrel Gagnep Taccaceae
facca integnfolia Ket Gawl Trilliaceae
Pahs polyphylla Smith
Ten Viet Nam Bdd4 B6 d§ xanh' Day Nghiin'
Sach do VN
EN
EN Lffp Mgt la milm Ray Thien men kien^
Cau dira Song mat' H9 Mach mon Hoang tinh hoa tring' Xa bi bac bg' Hoang tinh vong' Cu nau Ti> CO let' Phong lan Kim tuyln voi ngin' Kim tuyln da voi^
Kim tuyln thuy thon' Lan kim tuyln^
Kim di$p' Thanh thien quy^
Hai xanh^
Bach bg Bach bp Piere' Rau hum Ngai rp'm^
Trpng lau Bay la mot hoa^
VU
VU
VU VU EN
EN
EN
VU EN EN
VU
VU
EN ND32
IIA
IIA
IA IA IA IA
IIA IA
lUCN Dang song
GOT
GOL
COD
DLG
COD COD COD
COL
COD COD COD COD CPS COD COD
COL
COD
GOD Cong dung
LGO
LGO TAN
THU CTD
XAY DTC
THU CAN THU THU
THU
THU CAN THU CAN THU CAN THU CAN THU CAN THU CAN CAN
THU
THU
THU Chu thich: ' Nguyin NghTa Thin, 2006, ^ mai dugc bo sung. GOL - cay g6 lan; GOT - cay g6 trung binh; GNB -
cay go nho hoSc bui; BUI - cay bui; DLG - day leo than go; DLT - day leo than go hoac bui truan;
COD - CO dung; CPS - co phu sinh (bi sinh); LGO - iiy g6; THU - lam thudc; CAN - lam canh; AND - an dugc; CTD - cho tinh dau; DOC - cay co doc; TAN - cay cho ta nanh; XAY - Diing trong xay dung.
1. Theo sach do Viet Nam phin II: EN - Nguy cSp; VU - Sap nguy d p , 2. Theo Nghi dinh s6 32/2006/ND-CP: IA - Cac thuc vat bi nghiem cam khai thac va sir dung vi muc dich thuang mai; IIA - Cac thuc vat bj han ch^ khai thac va su dung vi muc dich thuang mai, 3. Theo lUCN. EN - Dang bj nguy cap; VU - SSp nguy cap
Tap chi KHLN 2014 Tnnh Ngpc Bon etal.. 2014(4)
Tir bang danh luc cac loai thtrc vat quy hiSm, so vai s6 luong loai da xac dinh dugc trong da xac dinh dugc ty trgng cac loai quy hiam khu virc ta co bang tong hgp sau:
Ten Taxon
Psilotophyta Lycopodiophyta Polypodiophyta Gymnospermae Angiospermae Tong
B ang 2. Ty trgng Hp Quy hifem 0 0 1 5 34 40
Danh luc
1 2 17 6 140 166
Tyle (•/.I 0 0 5.88 83,33 24.29 24.1
cac loai quy hiem Chi Quy hilm 0 0 1 6 53 60
Danh luc
1 3 33 12 517 566
Tyle
(%)
0 0 3,03
50 10.25
10,6
Loai Quy hilm 0 0 1 8 65 74
Danti luc
1 5 64 17 1270 1357
Tyle
(%)
0 0 1,56 47,06
5,12 5,45
Tur bang 2 ta thay, co 2 nganh la nganh La thong (Psilotophyta) va nganh Thong ddt (Lycopodiophyta) 6 khu Bao ton Thien nhien Na Hang khong co loai, chi va hp quy hiem, nguy cap nao. Trong khi do nganh Hat kin (Angiospermae) chiem da s6 65/74 loai, 53/60 chi va 34/40 ho, ti^p theo la nganh Hat tran (Gymnospermae) co 5 ho, 6 chi va 8 loai. Ty trong nay cho thay cac loai thuc vat quy hiem chu yeu tap trung a 2 nganh hat kin va hat tran.
3.2. Plian tich tiiih du dang cac loai thuc vat quy hiem
3.2.1. TheoSddiDd Viet Nam 2007
Ket qua nghien cuu da thong ke tai khu bao ton thien nhien Na Hang co 62 loai thuc vat quy hiem, trong do co 18 loai nguy c4p va 44 loai se nguy cap:
Trong 18 loai nguy c5p co 15 loai bj suy giam mot nira quSn the nhu: Nghiin, Tu colet.
Pa mu, Sen mat, Ngu gia bi gai. Bay la mgt hoa, Tau nuoc, Mac nua, Hoang tinh vong,
Hoa tien, Kim tuyen da voi va 3 loai co noi cir tru duai 500km^ khu phan b6 bi chia ck nghiem trgng nhu: Ca oi dai loan, Cho dai, Dinh collignon.
- Trong 44 loai se nguy cap thi co 38 loai hi suy giam 20% quan the nhu: Gu huong, De cau, Cho nau, Gioi thom, Gioi long. Bop qua bau due, Thien nien kien, De da tuyen quang, May chau, Tram den, Ngai rcrm, Thong pa co, Dang sam, Goi n^p, Dinh tiing, Thong do b k , Tho te tan. Re trang qua to,... va 6 loai co khu cu tru duai 2000km^ va khu phan b6 bi chia cat nghiem trong va suy giam Hen tuc nhu:
Thiet dinh, Rau sang, Xa bi bSc bp, Cii dom, Bach bp Piere, Kim diep.
Ket qua tren cho thay so luang loai nguy cap chiam 18/62 loai (chilm 29%), s6 luang loai nguy cap nay chu ylu la cay go va cay thuoc.
De thay duac miic dp da dang cua cac loai
quy hiem ciia khu bao t6n thien nhien Na
Hang so vai mpt so khu vuc lan can duac
tong hpp a bang sau:
Trinh Ngpc Bon ef al., 2014(4) Tap chi KHLN 2014
Bang 3. So sanh thuc vat quy hiSm tai KBTTN Na Hang voi cac KBTTN va VQG
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Dta danh VQG Xuan Styn - Phil Thp VQG Ba Be • Bio Kan KBTTN Cham Chu - Tuyen Quang KBTTN Na Hang - Tuyen Quang KBTTN Hang Kia - Pa Cp KBTTN Xuan Nha - Spn La
KBTTN Thin Sa - Phuong Hoang - Thai Nguyen KBTTN Copia - Son La
Nam cong bd
2014 2012 2014 2014 2009 2012 2014 2012
Loai quy hiem Sach 06 Viet Nam 2007
47 28 42 62 35 22 49 18
Tong sd loai 1259 909 906 1357 880 911 611 492
Ty l# (%) 3,7 3,1 4,6 4.6 4.0 2.4 8.1 3.6 0 ngudn bdo cdo: Le Tran Chan, 2012; Le Tran ChSn, 2012; Chi cue KiSm lam tinh Tuyen Quang. 2014;
van Phe, Nguyin VSn Ly, 2009; Quy^t djnh s6 733/QD-UBND; Nguyen Thi Thoa, 2014).
Phiing
So loai thuc vat quy hiem dupc ghi nhan tai KBTTN Na Hang so vai mpt so khu bao ton thien nhien co dieu kien sinh thai (niii da voi) va gan khu virc dia ly co so lupng cao nhat (62 loai), ty le so loai quy hiem trong Sach do Viet Nam 2007 so vai danh luc thuc vat da ghi nhan tai moi dia diem cung a mirc cao vai ty le 4,6% so vai cac khu vyc khac. S6 lieu nay cho thay Khu bao ton thien nhien Na Hang la mot trong nhirng khu vuc CO tinh da dang cao ve cac loai cay quy hiem a Viet Nam.
3.2,2. Theo Nghi dinh sd 32 ndm 2006 Ket qua nghien cuu da thong ke duac a Khu bao tdn thien nhien Na Hang 25 Ioai tren tong s6 52 loai thirc vat theo Nghi dinh 32, chilm 50% tdng s6 loai theo Nghi djnh 32. Trong do: Co 6 loai nSm trong nhom IA (Cac Ioai thirc vat bi nghiem cam khai thac va sir dung vi muc dich thuong mai) chilm ty Ie 40% so loai nhom IA nhu: Hai xanh, Kim tuyen da voi, Kim tuyln voi ngSn, Kim tuyen thon, Lan kim tuyln. Thong pa co; 20 loai nSm trong nhom IIA (cac loai thuc vat bi ban che khai thac va sir dung vi muc dich thuang mai) nhu:
Gil huang, Pa mu, Nghien, Dinh tiing, Trai ly,
Thiet dinh. Dang sam, Cu binh voi, Cii dom, Thien kim dang, Hoa tien, Bien hoa, Tho te tan, Hoang tinh hoa trang, Thanh thien quy, Tue xe,... Vai so luoTig va cac loai nam trong Nghi dinh 32 chiem ty le lan nhu a tren cho thay gia tri va mirc do de doa tai nguyen thuc vat tai khu bao ton la rat Ion, can co nhung giai phap quan ly tich cue de bao ton va phat trien dupc cac loai cay nay.
3.2.3. Tlieo tieu chi WCN 2014
Theo bang 1 co 10 loai (3,32% so loai) nam trong danh luc cua Sach do the giai 2014, trong do:
- Cac loai nam trong nhom nguy cap (EN) c6 4 loai Lim xanh, Bach xanh niii da, Chd chi va Gil hucmg.
- Cac Ioai nam trong nhom se nguy cap (VU) CO 6 loai la Cho nau, Bop qua bau due, Re trSng qua to, Dinh lang trung quoc, Tue xe va Tue da voi.
Vai 4 Ioai nguy cap (EN) va 6 loai se nguy
cap (VU) dieu nay mpt lan nua khang djnh
dupc gia trj, mirc dp nguy cap trong viec bao
t6n nguon gen cung nhu can sy quan tam cua
the giai trong viec bao ton cac loai thuc vat
trong khu vuc.
Tgp chi KHLN 2014 Trjnii Ngpc Bon ef a/, 2014(4)
3.3. Da dang ve dang song va gia tri sir dung
Dang sdng: Trong tdng sd 74 loai quy hiem
CO gia tri thi cd 9 dang sdng da dupc ghi nhan.
Trong do hon mpt nira la nhdm cay gd vdi 43 loai chiem 58,10%, cay gd IOTI 25 Ioai (33.78%), cay go trung binh 11 loai (14,86%) va cay go nhd 7 loai (9,46%). Tiep den la nhom cay cd vdi 26 loai chiem ty le 35,13%
(Cd dimg 16 loai (21,62%), Cd leo 8 loai (10,813%) va cd phu sinh 2 loai (2,7%)). Cay bui voi 3 loai (4,05) va chiem ty le thap nhat la nhdm day leo vai 2 loai 2,7% (Day leo than gd 1 loai (1,35%) va day leo than gd hoac bui truoTil loai (1,35%).
Gid tri sic dung: Cac loai cay quy hiem dugc
sir dung vao nhieu muc dich khac nhau. Da sd tap trung vao nhdm cay cho go voi 38 loai (51,35%) nhu: Nghien, Trai, Lim xanh, Thiet dinh, Chd chi,... va nhdm cay lam thudc 34 loai (45,95%) nhu: Dang sam, Hoa tien. Bay la mdt hoa, Hoang tinh each, Thanh thien quy, Bach bg, cac loai kim tuyen,... Ngoai ra cac loai cdn dupc diing lam canh vai 15 loai (20.27%), cac loai dung lam thuc pham (an dugc) 9 loai (12,16%), cac loai cho tinh dau 7 loai (9,46%), cac loai cho ta nanh chat nhudm 3 loai (4,05%), cac loai dimg trong xay dyng 1 loai (1,35%) va cudi ciing la cay cd chat ddc 1 loai (1,35%).
Nhu vay, da so cac loai quy hiem la cay gd va d miic nguy cap bi ngudi dan khai thac de lay
gd lam trong xay dung nha cua, dd my nghe, lam ndng cu. Ngoai ra, cac loai dupc lieu da bi ngudi dan khai thac de lam thudc hoac sa chi ban cho thuang lai. Dilu nay anh hudng
vk Idn din cdng tac bao tdn thuc vat quy hiemtai khu vuc.
IV. KET LUAN
Kit qua dieu tra va ke thira cac tai lieu da xac dinh dugc a Khu bao tdn thien nhien Na Hang cd 1357 loai thuc vat bac cao cd mach, trong dd cd 74 loai thye vat quy hiem thudc 60 chi, 40 hp ciia 3 nganh thye vat bac cao cd mach;
Cd 62 loai nam trong Sach dd Viet Nam 2007, 25 loai n4m trong ND 32/2006 va 10 loai theo tieu chi lUCN nam 2014; Cd 9 dang sdng dupc ghi nhan, chiem han mpt nura la nhdm cay go 43 loai (58,1%), nhdm loai cay cd 26 loai (35,13%), thap nhat la nhdm day leo 2 loai (2,7%); 38 loai (51,35%) cd gia tri idy go, tiep theo la nhdm cay cd gia tn ve dugc lieu vdi 34 loai (45,95%). Kit qua dilu tra cho thay mpt so loai quy hiem dang bj suy giam nghiem trpng ve sd lugng ca the cung nhu quan the nhu: Bach xanh niii da, Chd chi, Thiet dinh thi chi cdn nhihig cay cd cap kinh dudi 20cm, mdt so loai Iam san ngoai go nhu:
Bay la mdt hoa, Thanh thien quy, Hai xanh,...
vai sd lupng ca the it. Tuy nhien, day la nhung dan lieu quy phuc vu cdng tac nghien cuu, quan ly nham bao ton va phat triln thye vat quy hiem tai khu vyc.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Nguyin Tien Ban, 1997. C3m nang tra ciiu va nhan biat cac ho thye vat hat kin a Viet Nam. Nxb. Nong nghi?p, HaNoi.
Bo Khoa hpc \k Cong nghe, Vien Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Viet Nam, 2007. Sach do Vi^t Nam (PhSn II - Thirc vat). Nxb. Khoa hoc tu nhien va Cong nghe, Ha Npi.
Bp Nong nghi?p va Phat triln nong thon, 2000. Ten cay riing Viet Nam. Nxb. Nong nghidp. Ha Noi.
Le Tran Ch^n, 2012 Bao cao tong hpp dir an "Diau tra da dang sinh hpc tai Khu bao t6n thien nhien Xuan Nha, SonLa". DudnKFW?.
Le Tran Chin, 2012. Bao cao tong hpp dir an "Di^u tra da dang sinh hpc tai Khu bao t6n thien nhien Copia, Son
La". DuanKFW?.
Trinli Ngpc Bon et al, 2014(4) Tap chi KHLN 2014 6 Chi cue Kigm lam tinh Tuyen Quang, 2014. Quy hoach Khu bao t6n thien nhien Cham Chu thuoc huyen Ham Yen - Chiem Hoa. Quy hoach bao ton va phat tri^n b^n vung cac khu riing dac dung tinh Tuyen Quang d6n nam 2020.
7. Chinh phu Viet Nam, 2006. Nghj dinh s6 32/2006/ND-CP cua Chinh phu, ngay 30 thang 3 nam 2006 \i quan ly thuc vgt rirng, dpng vat rimg nguy cap, quy hiem.
8. Phan Ke Lpc, Pham Van ThS, L.V.Averyanov, Nguyen Tien Hiep, 2013. Gop phdn danh gia gia tri bao ton thirc vat o l4hu du trO thien nhi^n Na Hang va hai digm lan can (huyen Na Hang, tinh Tuyen Quang). Hpi nghj Khoa hpc toan quoc ve Sinh thai va Tai nguyen sinh vat lan thir 5.
9. Pham Hoang Hp, 1999 - 2000. Cay co Viet Nam {Tap 1. 2, 3). Nxb. Tre TP. H6 Chi Minh.
10. Tran Hpp, 2002 Tai nguyen cay g§ Viet Nam. Nxb. Nong Nghiep, Ha Npi 11. lUCNRedlist of Plants, 2014
12. Phiing Van Phe, Nguyin Van Ly, 2009. Dilu tra danh gia so bp he thuc vat a Khu bao t6n thien nhien Hang Kia - Pa Co, tinh Hoa Binh. Thupc du an Thi diem tiep can thi trucmg tong hop nham ho trp cong tac bao ton thien nhien: Nang cao doi s6ng cpng dong viing dem de giam thieu tac dpng len tai nguyen tai Khu bao ton thien nhien Hang Kia - Pa Co, huyen Mai Chau, tinh Hoa Binh Du an nay dupc tai trp boi Quy Blue Moon I j . Quylt dinh s6 733/QD-UBND ngay 10/7/2014 vg viec phe duyet Quy hoach bao tfin vaphattrian ben vihig Khu
bao ion dir tri? thien nhien Na Hang den nam 2020.
14. Nguyin NghTa Thin (chu bien) & Dang Quyet Chiln, 2006. Da dang thirc vat Khu Bao t6n thien nhien Na Hang, tinh Tuyen Quang. Nxb. Nong nghiep. Ha Npi
15. Nguyin NghTa Thin 1997. Cdm nang nghien cu-u da dang sinh vat. Nxb. Nong nghiep. Ha Npi.
16. Nguyin Thj Thoa, 2014. Nghien ciiu tinh da dang va d l xu3t giai phap bao ton thuc vat than g6 tren niii da v6i cr Khu bao t6n thifin nhien Than Sa - Phupng Hoang - Thai Nguyen. Luan an tiln sy nong nghiep, Tnrong Dai hpc Thai Nguyin.
