DA DANG HOA THU NHAP VA VAI TRO CAC HOAT DONG PHI NONG NGHIEP CUA NONG HQ CI VUNG DONG BANG SONG ClTU LONG
• LE CONG TAM
T 6 M T A T :
Bai viet tdng quan toan bd ly thuyet ve da dang hoa thu nhap vk vai tro c6a cac hoat d6ng phi nong nghidp cua c5c nong ho tai khu vtfc d6ng bang s6ng Cihi Long. Dtfa trdn cd s6 ly thuye't de di/a ra m6 hinh nghi6n ciju thich hdp vdi de tki va la ti^n de de tien hanh di sSu phSn tich, tim ra cac nhSn to inh hifSng den viec da dang hda thu nhap cua ngUdi dan tai viing dong bang song Ciki Long.
Tuf khoa: Thu nhSp, phi nong nghi$p, nong h6, d^ng bling song Cftu Long.
1. D$t va'n de
Tic sau khi gia nhap WTO, nen kinh te Viet Nam da dat difdc nhiJng ket qua dang khich le nhif t6'cdp tang tru'Sng kinh te trung binh trong 10 nam dat 7,2%, xua't khau tang nhanh trong nam 2011 dat 96.91 ty USD, tang 36% so vdi nam trtfdc [15].
Dac biet, khu vrfc dong bang song Citu Long (DBSCL) vdi di&n tich da't canh tac nong nghiep va th^y san cua vung chu'a tdi 30% cua ca nirdc nhimg mien T3y lai dong gdp hdn 50% dien lich Ilia, 71% dien tich nuoi trong thuy san, 30% gia tri san xua't nong nghiep va 54% san lifdng thuy san cua ca nu'dc [15]. To'c dp tang trifdng kinh te nam 2019 trong vung dat 7,9% cao hdn so vdi ca nu'dc 6,76% gop phan lam thu nhap cua cac nong ho tai day khong ngCfng tang len nhd vao viec da dang hoa cac nguon thu nhSp tif linh vifc ndng nghiep nhu" nu6i trong thuy san, cac hoat dong dich vu trong nong nghiep,...
Tuy nhien, trong thifc te, cd ca'u kmh te cl vung DBSCL v3n con nhieu bat cap. NSm 2003, nganh sJn xua't nong, lam ngif nghiep van chiem ty trong
Idn trong cd ca'u kinh te vdi 28% GDP, chiem m6t ty trong Idn. Dieu nay cho thay, cac hoat ddng phi nong nghiSp vkn chifa giif mot vai tro tifdng xiJng vdi tiem nang cda no, thu nhSp tCf hoat dpng phi nong nghiep chiem ty trong nho, nguyen nhan do cac van de ve dau tif, san xuS't, nguon nhan life vk tieu dung lam cho thu nhap cua cac nong hp cl DBSCL thu nhap binh quan la 3,588 trieu dong/ngu'di/thang so vdi vung Dong Nam Bp la 5,709 trieu dong/ngUdi/thang {Tong cue Thong k£, 2019). Nguyen nhSn chu ye'u la do sinh kecua ngi/cfi dan d dSy da phan difa vao hoat ddng nong nghifip.
Vl vay, de nang cao thu nhap cho cac ndng hfl d vung DBSCL, ngUdi dan c^n phai da dang hoa cac nguon thu nhap tif nong nghiep va phi nong nghiep nhif tang cifdng boat ddng nudi trong thuy san, phat trien du lich va cac ng,\ ^ dich vu cao nhkm day nhanh qua trinh hie i hda ndng nghiep ndng thdn Viet Nam ndi ^ ^ kjiu vifc DBSCL ndi rieng. Dieu nay se ;„ y^g ^^i nghiep phdt trien kinh te. gian .^j (j^jg^
ddi sd'ng, on dinh xa hdi 5 vun^
KINH TE
2. Cd sd ly thuyet 2.1. Cdc khdi ni$m
Ndng ho: La nhffng hd gia dinh vffa tham gia sdn xuat nong nghidp, vffa tham gia cac hoat dong phi ndng nghidp. Vay ndng hd bao g6m cac hd gia dinh mk chi3 hp la nhffng ngffdi tham gia san xua't ndng nghiep, ndng dSn, nhffng ngffdi lam viec d6ngan.
Da dang hda thu nhap: La sif gia tang trong sd' Iffdng cdc nguon thu nhap tff cac boat ddng phi ndng nghidp trong tdng thu nhap cua nong hp. Dd chinh la thu nhap tff cac hoat ddng trong cac nganh san xuat thiJ nhS't, thiJ hai va thff ba trong he thdng tai khoan qudc gia. Nhffng ndng hd cd viec da dang hda thu nhap difdc xem la ho ndng dan khdng thuan tiiy v^ ngifdc lai la hp nong dan thuan tuy.
Cac ngudn thu nhap cua ndng hd:
- Thu nhSp ndng nghiep: la cac ngudn thu nhap tff tS't c^ cdc hoat dpng ndng nghidp, nhff: trong trot, chan nudi, thuy san,...
- Thu nh|p phi ndng nghiep bao gdm tS't ca cac ngudn Idi nhuan mang lai tff hoat dong phi ndng nghiep, nhff: tidn Iffdng va cac thu nhap khac mang lai tff vide thue mffdn lao dpng trong nong nghiep, khai thac, san xua't, dich vu va cac hoat ddng khac.
Ngo^i ra, cdn co cac ngudn thu nhSp khac, nhff: trd cefp, tien thffdng,...
2.2. Cd s& ly thuyet
2.2.1. Ly thuyet ccf bdn cua hanh vi nong ho Theo nghien cffu cua Chayanov (1920) cho thay r^ng cdc ndng ho cd sff danh ddi giffa hai muc tieu do la thu nhSp va da dang hda thu nhap. Nguydn nhan chinh tao ra sff danh ddi nay la do vi tri dia ly cdc ndng hp nay sinh sdng, dac biet la sd' Iffdng va th&nh phdn cua ndng hd do. Didu nay cho thay rang, vide SIS' dung quyet dinh l^m nong nghidp hay phi ndng nghiep hoan toan phu thupc vao dac trffng ciia ndng hd do. Trong md hinh nay cung chi ra ring cdc ndng hd ludn td'i da hda Idi nhuan khi chi phi cd hoi cua thdi gian lao ddng bang vdi gia tri sdn Iffdng bien cua lao ddng.
2.2.2. Mo hinh cua Barnum-Suire
Md hinh nay xem ndng hd vffa la ngffdi san xuS't, vffa la ngffdi tieu dung. Trong md hinh nay, Bamum-Suire dffa ra cac gia dinh sau:
> Co mdt thi trffdng lao dpng chi cd Iffdng dd'i vdi cdc boat ddng phi ndng nghiep ma cac ndng hd nay ed.
> M6i ndng hd cd phan didn tich da't cd dinh.
> Thdi gian cho cac cdng viec nha va thdi gian nhan rdi la gid'ng nhau, thffdng ngffdi ndng dan thich l^m viec nha hdn.
> Vide Iffa ehpn giffa tieu dung cac san pham do chinh minh lam ra va ban cac san pham cua minh dd mua cdc san ph£m khac la quan trpng dd'i vdi ndng hd.
> Bd qua nhffng rui ro.
Chayanov va Bamum-Suire cho rang, cdc ndng hp de td'i da hda mffc dd hffu dung thi phai giai quy^t 3 van de: San xua't, tieu dung va sff dung thdi gian. Chung dffde phan anh trong ham san xuS't. Vay dieu kien can bang ve san xua't va tieu dung cua md hinh nay nhff sau:
- Nang suat lao ddng bidn bang vdi ty Id Iffdng va nang suat lao dpng bien cua cdc ye'u td'd^u vao khde bdng vdi gid trung binh cua cac yeu to' d^u vao.
- Ty Id thay thd' bien giffa nhffng edp vS'n de tren, vi du cdng vide nha (Tz) dd'i vdi san pham do ehinh minh lam ra (C), cdng vide nha (Tz) dd'i vdi tieu dung hang hda tren th; trffdng (M) va tieu dung sdn pham do chinh minh lam ra (C) ddi vdi tieu dung hang hda tren thi trffdng (M) bang ty Id gid ca ciia chung (W/p , W/m, p/m).
Dd td'i da hda hffu dung thi cdc ndng hp phai quye't dinh phan chia thdi gian ciia minh va eac hoat ddng nay (lam ndng vdi hoat ddng phi ndng nghiep; lam thud va thue mffdn lao dong, tieu dung san pham do chinh minh lam ra va tieu dung hang hda tren thi trffdng). Ndng hp dffa ra cdc quye't dinh khdng chi phu thupc vao cac dac trffng cua ho (so' nhan khau va ca'u true trong hd), ma cdn phu thuoc vao sff thay ddi gia cdc ye'u tddau vao - dau ra, gid cua san pham va ty le Iffdng trdn thi trffdng.
2.2.i. Cdc yeu to dnh hudng den da dang hoa thu nhap
Da dang hda thu nhap khdng ddng nghia vdi sff da dang hda smh ke. Da dang hda thu nhSp la qud trinh ma cac ndng hd xay dffng mdt ngudn thu da dang tff cac hoat ddng nham cai thidn ddi sd'ng cua hd, hd trd xa hoi va quan ly rui ro. Viec tao thu nhap la mot trong nhffng thanh phan ciia chie'n Iffdc sinhke[8].
Barrett et al (2001) dffa ra nhffng ddng cd dau tidn goi la "ye'u to' day" nhff: giam thieu rui ro.
giam bdt ye'u td' dff thffa trong viec sff dung lao ddng, chdng lai khung hoang hoac ban chd' thanh khoan,... Ddng cd thff hai dffde dffa ra bao gdm cac
"yd'u td' keo": thffe hien bd sung chien Iffdc giffa cdc hoat ddng, chang han nhff hdi nhap cay trdng- vai nudi, xay xat va san xuat.
Cdc nghien cffu nay cho chung ta thfi'y nhffng nguyen nhan chu ye'u khid'n cdc ndng hd da dang hda thu nhap do la:
Vu mua trong san xua't: Theo Ellis (1998), miia vu la mdt trong nhffng nhan to tao ra thu nhap chinh cua ndng dSn, nd thay ddi theo thdi gian.
Nen mua vu dffde coi nhff la mdt tai san thay ddi theo thdi gian va cac ndng hd phan ffng vdi vide thay ddi vu mCia bang cdch da dang hda thu nhdp.
Rui ro: Rui ro la mdt nhan td' quan trpng trong vide da dang hda thu nhap eua ndng hd [9]. Chid'n Iffdc giam thieu rui ro dffde cdc ndng hd dffa ra difa trdn nhffng ddnh gid cd nhan va mffc dp riii ro tdc ddng dd'n thu nhlip cua hp, vi vay hp tie'n hanh da dang hda thu nhdp.
Thi trffdng lao dpng: Cdng vide cua thi trffdng lao ddng trong ndng nghiep dffpc chii trpng, tuy nhidn theo Ellis (2000) lai quan tam de'n mot sd' dieu kidn ma thi trffdng lao ddng nay phai chiu:
dieu kien lam vide, khu vffc lam vide, chi phi giao dich va quy dinh cua Chinh phu. Nhffng nhan td' ndy se tdc ddng de'n cung va cau lao ddng, do do se tac ddng dd'n da dang hda thu nhap.
Di eff: Theo Ellis (2000) di eff la hien tffdng ma mdt hoac nhieu thanh vien trong gia dinh phai rdi bd gia dinh ciia hp trong mdt thdi gian nha't dinh va nd lffc tim ra vide lam va tai san mdi. Khi hidn tffdng nay xay ra lam cho so Iffdng ngffdi trong ndng hd lam cdng viec ndng nghidp thay ddi. tff dd lam eho ca'u true ndng hd thay doi dan dd'n ca'u true thu nhaip cu cua ndng hp thay doi va sff da dang hda trong thu nhap ciia hd se xay ra. Vi vay, di eff khdng nhffng la mdt nhdn to lam da dang hda thu nhSp ma con cd md'i quan he mat thie't vdi thj trffdng lao ddng trong khu vffc dd.
2.3. Cdc nghien cvtu triidc
Ke't qua tff cdc nghien cffu dffde thffe hien bdi Piesse. Simister. va Thirtle (1998) cho thay, trong vung sau vung xa, eac ngudn thu nhap phi ndng nghiep lam tang ba't binh ddng thu nhap nhiftig trong khu vffc dd thi nd lai lam giam sff bat binh dang thu nhap.
Kinsey, Burger, va Gunning (i ''^)^ oghidn cffu da dang hda thu nhap d Zimbabwe, hp tie'n hanh khao sdt 400 hp tdi dinh erf 6 ndng thdn Zimbabwe trong 13 nam va nhan tha'y rang da dang hda thu nhap la mot chien Irfdc dd'i phd dffde sff dung trong thdi gian han hdn. Nghien cffu thffe nghiem nay cd mot sd ban che' nhff sau: Thff nhat.
nghidn cffu nay it tap trung vao vai trd ciia da dang hda thu nhdp trong mdi trffdng do thj. Hd ngheo d khu vffc dd thi cung gap phai mdt sd' rui ro tffdng tff nhff cac hd d ndng thdn, chang ban nhff sff thay doi tra cong lao ddng, tha't bai thi tnfdng, va nhffng nii ro dieu chinh cd ca'u va thay ddi chinh sdch kinh td'. Thff hai, nghien cffu sff dung ty le thu nhap phi ndng nghiep nhff mpt chi so' dai dien cho sff da dang hda thu nhap. Chi sd nay ra^t khd de do Iffdng, ddi hdi sff tinh toan chinh xdc ve mffc dp thu nhap tff cdc hoat ddng ndng nghiep va phi ndng nghiep.
Nghien cffu d Ethiopa va Tanzani dffde ihffc hien bdi Dercon va Krishnan (1996) va nghien cffu khao sdt tai An Dp thffe hidn bdi Micevska va Rahut (2008), tim thay kd't qua Iffdng tff. Cd'u tnic hd gia dinh dffdng nhff anh hffdng nhieu hdn ve chie'n Iffdc da dang hda. Dau tien, quy md hp cd mdt tdc dpng tich cffc va hieu qua trdn quye't dinh da dang hda eac hoai ddng ndng nghidp. Tid'p de'n, mdt life Iffdng lao ddng nam Idn cd lidn quan den mdt xac sua't cao hdn ve da dang hda phi ndng nghidp dia phffdng va anh hffdng de'n vide di eff.
T.Q.Trung va N.T.Tung (2008) sff dung dff lieu VHLSS 1993, 1998, 2002 de phan tich nhidu tdc ddng gian tie'p ciia tff do hda thffdng mai ve hoat dpng kinh doanh va hanh vi cua cdc doanh nghiep dia phffdng trong hoat ddng phi ndng nghiep trong bd'i canh bie'n ddi mdi trffdng kinh td' lai Viet Nam thdi gian qua.
Remco H. Oostendorp, T.Q. Trung va N.T.
Tiing (2009) cd ket luan tffdng tff vdi nghien cffu cua Pham Thai Hffng (2007) bdng each sff dung dff lipu tff VHLSS nam 1993, 1998, 2002 vdi md hinh hdi quy logistic. Life Iffdng lao ddng ndng thdn da dffde da dang hda vide lam phi ndng nghiep va cdc linh vffc phi ndng nghiep da trd thanh ngudn vide lam quan trpng nhat dd'i vdi dan eff ndng thdn ben ngoai ndng nghiep Gidi tinh. dp tudi va gido due dffde xem nhff la cac nhan id anh hffdng chinh den sff da dang hda phi ndng nghidp.
KINH TE
3. Phrfdng phap nghidn ctfu va mo hinh nghidn cii^
3.1. Phiidngphdp ngkiin ciiu
Phan loai thu nhap: Thu nhap cua ngffdi ndng dan rat da dang, do do de ddn gidn trong viec phan tich dff lieu, nghien cffu tie'n hanh phan chia cac ngudn thu nhdp nhff sau: thu nhdp tff cdc cdng viec ndng nghidp, thu nhdp tff cdc hoat ddng phi ndng nghiep va thu nhap khdc.
Da dang hda: Theo cde nghidn cffu trffdc day, 6,21% cdc hd ndng ddn chi phu thupc vao mdt ngudn thu nhap, trong khi do 65,39% cde hp ndng ddn se cd 3 hoac 4 ngudn thu nhdp (VHLSS, 2008).
Viec da dang hda nay giiip cho cdc hd ndng dan trdnh dffde cac cii sdc ve kinh te. So' Iffdng cdc ngudn thu nhap cua mdt ndng hp thffdng phu thudc vao cac nhan to' sau:
- Cung lao ddng cua ndng hd cang Idn thi cdc hd dd cang da dang hda cac ngudn thu nhap. Dieu nay cd nghia la trong dieu kidn cdc yd'u to' khdc khdng thay ddi, ndng hd cd nhidu ngffdi trffdng thanh thi se cd nhieu ngudn thu nhap khdc nhau.
- So' Iffdng ngudn thu nhap khdng phu thupc vao ty le ddng gdp ma phu thudc vao sd' Iffdng nganh nghe.
Do dd nghien cffu se dffa vao chi sd'can bang Shannon de xdc dinh cdc ngudn ihu nhap cua mot ndnghd.
Chi sd' Shanno dd dang do Iffdng trong khi tinh todn cdc boat ddng phi ndng nghidp ddng gdp vao tdng thu nhap thffe td' cua ndng hd tff rat nhieu ngudn thu nhdp khdc nhau va cho bie't thu nhdp tff cdc boat dpng phi ndng nghidp cang Idn thi ndng hd dd cang da dang hda.
Cdng thffe xdy dffng chi sd Shanno [13]:
H[neoai<: = - ^ [(incshare,).ln(incshare,)]
Trong dd: S la sd Iffdng cdc ngudn thu nhap, insharei la ty le ddng gdp cua ngudn thu nhap thff i trong tdng thu nhap, H la chi so' tinh todn cdc ngudn thu nhap cho mdi ndng hd va se tang len khi ndng hd cang da dang hda. Dffa vao chi sd H chung ta tinh dffde chi sd'E eua Shannon nhff sau:
-m^m
Chi sd E cd the danh gid mffc dp tdp trung cua cac ngudn thu nhdp trong thu nhap ndng hp va do Iffdng sff da dang hda ciia chiing. Theo dd, cd the thay rang, ndng hd cang da dang hda thi E cang Idn va ngffdc lai. Chi sd'E nay nhan gid tri bdng 0 khi nong hd khdng da dang hda (chi cd mot ngudn thu nhap) va nhan gid tri 100 khi ndng hd da dang hda nhieu nha't (ed ta't ca cdc ngudn thu nhdp).
Cdc nhan td'tdc ddng de'n da dang hda: Da dang hda cde ngudn thu nhap trong boat dpng ndng nghiep phu thudc vao 2 nhan to'chinh [10]:
- Ldi nhuan va rui ro trong boat ddng ndng nghiep.
- Cdc nhan td' giup ndng hp tham gia boat dpng phi ndng nghidp nhff gido due, sffc khde, tay nghe,...
Theo Alain de Janvry, Elisabeth Sadoulet, va Nong Zhu (2005), cdc nhdn td' nay bao gdm: ddc trffng ciia hd gia dinh (trinh dd hpc va'n cua nhffng thanh vien trong hp, tudi ciia ehii hp, gidi tinh, dien tich da't binh quan tren dIu ngffdi,...), dac trffng ciia chinh quyen dia phffdng va khu vffc (mat dp dan eff, khoang cdch tff lang xa de'n trung tam thanh phd',...).
3.2. Mo hinh ly thuyet
Trong md hinh nay, chung ta quan tam ddn vide cac ndng hd d ddng bang sdng Cffu Long cd da dang hda thu nhap ciia minh khdng? Vi vdy, bie'n phuc thudc se nhan gia tri 1 va 0. Khi ndng hd dd da dang hda cde ngudn thu nhap cua minh. Nghia la ndng hd cd tff 2 ngudn thu nhap trd len, thi nd nhdn gid tri la 1, ngffdc lai se cd gia tri la 0. De kidm tra va dff dodn xac sua't ciia vide da dang hda thu nhdp cua ndng hd, chung ta cd th^ sff dung mdt so' md hinhnhff: Md hinh tuyen tinh (LPM), md hinh logit va probit.
Tuy nhien, theo Gujarati (2^M998), khi sff dung md hinh tuye'n tinh de dff dodn xdc sud't, chung ta se gap mot vai sai sdt: sai sd' phi he thd'ng u;; da cdng tuye'n (heteroseedaseity) u,, xac sud't f nam ngoai khoang tff O-I, R- thd'p.
Khi xay dffng mo hinh xdc sua't, can ddp ffng 2 dac diem sau;
(1) Khi bid'n phu thudc thay ddi, bid'n phu thupc tang hay giam, nhffng khdng the vffdt qua gid tri 0-1.
(2) Md'i quan he giff bien phu thuoc va bid'n dpc lap phai la quan he phi tuye'n tinh. Dieu nay cd
nghia la bie'n phu thudc tie'n dd'n 1 hay 0 khi bid'n ddc Idp nhdn gid tri cang ngay cang nhd hay cang ngay cdng Idn. Md hinh logit va probit cd the ddp ffng 2 yeu cau tren (Gujarati, 2'^ edition).
Trong nghien cffu nay tdc gia ehpn md hinh Logit, bdi vi rad hinh nay tffdng dd'i ddn giai ve mdt todn hpc. Theo Gujarati {2"' edition), md hinh logit dffa tren ham xdc sua't tich luy. Ve mat todn hoc, md hinh dffde vie't nhff sau:
I + e-"
Trong dd: Z,= 6i+ 6,X| + B^X^ + .- khi Z, thay doi tff -00 dd'n +C0, thi xdc sud't P, chi dao ddng tff 0 den 1 and Pj cd md'i quan he phi tuye'n tinh vdiZ,
Ne'u Pj Id xdc sud't da dang hda thu nhap, thi (1-P,) la ngffdc lai. Chung ta cd:
Dodd, ham sd'nay cd thd vie't lai nhff sau:
Pj _ 1 +e^' l-P, ~ 1 + e-'-
Gpi odds, O la ty Id odd dd'i vdi viec da dang hda thu nhdp.
P, l - P ,
Tff cdc phffdng trinh tren, la'y log 2 vd', ta dffde:
Li = ln(0)=Z, = Z, = pi + |3,Xi+ P2X2 + + PkXk + Uj (3.1.2)
Trong dd: Z, la xac sud't da dang hda cua ndng hp thff i nhan gid tri 1 khi ndng hp cd da dang hda thu nhdp va ngffdc lai thi nhan gid tri 0; Xj la bien ddc lap the hien ddc tinh ndng hd cung nhu^g dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi; Uj Id sai sdnglu nhidn.
Tff phffdng trinh (3.1.1) va (3.1.2). ta dffde:
P
i _ ^!+fl^tB|X + B X t +BX
1-P,
Dd dff dodn he so hdi quy trong md hinh logit, chiing ta cd the sff dung pmo hinh logit va xdc sua't dff dodn P|.
3.3. Mo hinh cu the
Tff md hinh ly thuye't, chung ta cd the xay dffng md hinh cu the cung vdi cdc bid'n phu thudc nhff sau:
^^ / Da dang hoa TN
O (3.1.1)
O :
3.4. Mo hinh nghien cihi
Viec da dang hda thu nhdp cua ndng hd thffdng chiu tdc ddng bdi ddc trffng cua bd, riii ro san xud't trong ndng nghidp, rui ro thi trffdng va thu nhap khdc. Do dd, de xdc dinh cdc nhan td' dnh hffdng de'n viec da dang hda thu nhap cua ndng hd, bai vie't sff dung md hinh kinh td' Iffdng thdng qua md hinh hdi quy Binary Logistic.
Khdi niem mo hinh Binary Logistic: Cac bid'n phu thudc va ddc lap dffde sff dung theo md hinh sau;
Y~f(GT, Tuoi, S-Tuoi, TDHV, TDHVtb, TnPTTH, Daotao, DTdatnnBQ, Thanhvien, SoNgPT, MatdoDS, TLthgiaPNN, Khoangcach) Trong dd:
- Bien phif thuoc: Y la bid'n dummy, chi tinh trang da dang hda trong thu nhap cua ndng hd, nhdn gid tri 0 hoac I (nhan gia tri 0 nd'u ndng hd chi cd thu nhap tff ndng nghiep va nhdn gid tri I nd'u ndng hd cd thu nhap ngoai ndng nghiep).
- Cdc bien doc lap:
Bang 1. Tong hcfp d d u ky v o n g c a c bien Nhom/
len bien GT Tuoi, S-Tuoi
TDVH TDVHtb TnPTTH Daotao
Dauky vpng
+ + + + +
Nhdm/
Iwiblen DTdatnnBQ Thanhvien
SoNgPT MatdoDS TLthgiaPNN + 1 Khoangcach
Daiiky vpng
_
+ + + +
1 - Da dang hoa TN ) = Po-t
4. Pham vi va dfl li^u nghien ciJu Pham vi nghiSn cilu; 13 tinh, thanh pho thuoc khu yiic DBSCL.
DB lieu nghien ciJu: Lafy tir cupc Khao sit miJc song dan ciT (VHLSS) njm 2010 ciia Tong cue Thong Ice vdi tdng sd mlu quan sat dif kie'n la 851.
Dieu kien de lira ehpn mlu la cdc chu hp lam nghe nong nghiep d cac nganh trong trot, lam nghiep va nuoi trong thuy san. Sau khi trich xuat
\ a tinh loan bing phan mem Stata. sd quan sat diT kien la'y tiT 13 tinh, thanh phd dirctc the hien theo Bdng 2.
KINH IE
Dang 2. Thiet ke m a u c u a VHLSS n a m 2018
Tinh
Long An Ti^n Giang Ben Tre Tra Vinh Vinh Long Dong Thap An Giang Kien Giang Can Thd
HSu Giang Soc Trang Bac Lieu
CaMau Tong
So quan sat di/kien
62 89 60 67 42 71 79 75 47 66 60 67 76 851
Phan tram tren tdng so quan sat (%)
7.29 10.46 7.06 7 87 4.94 834 9.28 8 81 5.52 7 76 7.06 6.70 8.93 100
5. Y nghia va h^n chd'cua nghidn cl^u
5.1. Y nghia
Nghidn cffu cho cdi nhin tong quan ve tinh trang da dang hda thu nhdp tai viing dong bang sdng Cffu Long va cde nhan td'tdc dpng. Tic do, tidn hanh di sau phan tich va nghidn cffu cdc nhan to' nao da tac ddng de'n tinh trang da dang hda thu nhap tai vung DBSCL, nham gdp phan dffa ra cdc giai phdp giiip chinh quyen cac cap cd cdc bidn phdp thich hdp d^ ho trd thffe hien edng tdc xda ddi giam ngheo.
5.2. Han che
Sff dung lai bd dff lieu VHLSS nam 2018 nen chi/a phan dnh ehinh xac tinh trang da dang hda thu nhdp hidn tai eiia ndng hd tai khu vffc DBSCL. Dong thdi, mot sd' bie'n phi kinh te' cdn it dffde de cap trong nghien cffu nay •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Alain de Janvry, Elisabeth Sadoulet, and Nong Zhu. (2005). The Role of Non-farm Incomes in Reducing Rural Poverty and Inequality in China. Working Thesis Series No. 1001 from Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, The University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved from hitps://escholarship.org/uc/itenu7ls2z766.
2. Chayanov, A.V (1920). Theory of peasant household in Russian.
3. Bamum, Howard N. and Lyn Squire. (1979). An Econometric Application of the Theory of the Farm - Household. Journal of Development Economics, 6,79-102.
4. Barrett, C, Bezuneh, M. & Abdillahi, A. (2001). Income diversification, poverty traps and policy shocks in Cote dTvoire and Kenya, foorf Po/iO'. 26(4), 367-384.
5. Barrett, C, Reardon, T. & Webb, P. (2001b). Non-farm income diversification and household livelihood strategies in rural Africa: Concepts, issues, and policy implicadons. Food Policy. 26(4), 315-331.
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10. FAO. (1998). The state of Food and Agriculture. Rome: FAO.
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13. Magurran, A.E. (1998). Ecological diversity and its measurement. Priceton, NJ, USA: Pnnceioa University Press.
14. T.Q. Trung and N.T. Tung (2008). Effects of Trade Liberalization on Non-farm Household Eterprises in VietNam. Working Thesis No. 2008/32 from Development & Policies Research Center, download at http.V/depocenwp. org/modules/download/index php ?id=50
15. Tong cue Thd'ng kg (2012). Dien lich, ddn sovd mat do ddn so'nam 20J1 phan theo dia phUOng.
16. T^ng cue Thd'ng ke (2010). Ke't qua khdo sat mffc sd'ng hp gia dinh nam 2010. Co the dowload tai:
www.gso.gov.vn/Modules/Doc_Download.aspx? DoclD=15084
17. ThtJi bao Kinh t&' ViSt Nam (2004). Chuyfe'n dich cO cau kinh te d viing dong bang song Cffu Long. Cd thi downtoadtau http://binly.bizhat.com/web_shdn/chuyendichcckt_sCLhtm
18. Vien Nghien cffu phdt trien du lich (2011). "De an phat trien du lich Dong bang sdng Cffu Long de'n n3m 2020". C6 the download tai: hctp://www.itdr.org.vn/details_daqh-x-65.vdl
Ngay nh0n bai: 8/6/2020
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va sd"a chi?a: 18/6/2020 Ngay chap nhSn dSng bai: 28/6/2020
Thong tin tdc gid:
LECdNGTAM
TriTcfng Dai hpc M& Thanh phd'H6 Chi Minh
INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AND THE ROLE OF NON-AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF FARMING
HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN THE MEKONG DELTA
• LE CONG TAM Ho Chi Minh City Open University
ABSTRACT:
This paper reviews the entu-e theory of meome diversification and the role of non-agricultural activities of farming households hving in the Mekong Delta. Based on the theoretical basis this paper proposes a suitable research model for this topic and this research model is a prerequisite for conducting in-depth analyses in order to find out the factors affecting the income diversification of people living in the Mekong Delta.
Keywords: Income, non-agriculture, farming households, Mekong Delta
