'VIEN DIA LY . VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA L'Y VTET NAM
A N H HirOTVG C U A C A C DIEU K I E N T U N H I E N DEN Slf D U N G D A T L U t J VU^C S O N G K O N
Nguyin Thi Kim Chuang', Le Anh Hiing^
SUMMARY .
In the Binh Dinh province, ihe Kon river basin is the largest catchments-area, which is located in 8 districts and Quy Nhon city. 87,5% area of Kon river basin is located in Binh Dinh provincer and the resd belongs to K Bang disn-icf - Gia lai provincer.
The average height level of this regions topogi-aphy is 450 m. Nearly 35% of the caichment area is below 100 meters. And only 3,6 % of the whole ranks the height over
WOO meters. HoM'ever, the area of slopes achieved 25" counts 20%. The rainfall amount occurred in the mountain area is quite great. And the rainfall in the plain is respectively less. In addition, the rainfall is also clearly dislintive beteewn the rainy reason and the dry one. To same up, all of the above are the cause of natural disasters, such as the high lands erosion and the low plain lands foods and doughts, which usually occur seriously
'n the Kon basin.
The newspaper article has analyzed the infiuences of nature to the land using and realit}.' of using land in the river basin. A mathematical model, which links the physical element fairly stably, assesses the sensilivit)' of ihe eco- environment. This is the metal base for land use planning.
As in conclusion, there are 4 major r}pes for land utilization as well as resources and environment management in Kon river basin. Here they are:
Land utilization t\'pe (LUT) for protection forest: 25, 7% of total area LUT for production forest; 24%> total area.
LUT for development agro -forestry combinative; 25%> total area.
LUT for agi-iculture and aquaculture purpose and settlement; 25,3%.
Plus, these solutions should be implemented in addition wnth distribution of area as well as the framework of LUTs in districts and communes.
The necessary of re-testing the experiment result by many different methods;
ecological landscape classification, watershed classification or sod potential erosion classification.
1. DAT VAN DE
Luu vyc sdng la mgt be thing lanh thd tu nhien hgp ly nhit cho viec quy hoach quan ly su dung 3 loai tai nguyen cd lien quan chat che vdi nhau, dd la tai nguyen nude, tai nguyen dat va tai nguyen riing. Trong viec quan ly cac tai nguyen dd, viec quy hoach su dung hgp ly dat dai ddng vai tro quan trgng vi viia cd y nghia bao ve riing viia giu' ngudn nude.
' Dai hoc Su pham Ha Ngi
" Trung tam tu van thong tin Lam nghiep
220 Hdi nghi Khoa bgc Dia ly Todn qud'c lan th&s - Ha Ndi 301O
VIEN BIA LY • VICN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI BIA LY VIET NAM
Mdi hru vyc song cd hoan canh ricng ve dicu kien ty nbien, do do co dac trung ricng vl phan boa khong gian, ve cudng do dien bien cua cac qua trinh dia ly tir nhien lieu quan din sir dung dit. Bdi vay, phan tich cac dieu kien ty nhien trong hru vyc song la CO sd cho viec quy hoach sir dung hgp ly dat dai. Nhiing yeu td tu nhien nao lien quan nhit din viec quy hoach sir dung dat cho cac loai hinh quan ly sir dung dit chinh a lain vi mo loan luu vyc, phuong phap phan tich anh hudng ciia cac dieu kien ty nhien den sir dung dat va de xuat quy hgach sir dung dat, lay vi du cho luu vuc song Kon, la cac vin dl dugc trinh bay trong bai bao. Ngi dung nay la mdt phan trong ket qua nghien ciru ciia chuyen dc :" Danh gia tac nhan do con ngu'di tren be mat luu vuc va nguyen nhan suy thoai tai nguyen va mdi trudng luu vuc sdng Ba, sdng Kdn" thugc dl tai "
Nghien ciru cac giai phap tdng the su dung bgp ly tai nguyen va bao ve moi trudng luu vyc sdng Ba va song Kdn".
2. PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.LPhan tich he thong va tiep can he thong
He thong canh tac sir dung dat chiu sy tac dgng ciia hai be thong: he thing lu nhien va be thdng kinh te - xa hgi.
De de xuat quy hoach sir dung dat, de tai phan tich he thong va tiep can dan tirng budc theo trinh ty sau:
- Phan tich, tiep can he thdng ty nhien : Khi phan tich vai trd cua cac yeu to ty nhien anh hudng den sir dung dat, phan chia thanh 2 nhdm ylu to:
Nhdm cac yeu td do cao, do doc dja hinb, lugng mua la nhung yeu to tuong doi dn djnh va tao nen nang lugng dong chay, dugc danh gia bing mgt dai lugng dac trung cho "do nhay cam mdi trudng".
Nhdm cac yeu to khac nhu dac tinh ciia dit, do che pbii, trang thai thyc bi anb hudng den kha nang dieu tiet ddng chay, mirc do xoi mdn dit, dugc lien ket d budc tiep theo trong de xuat su dung dat nham phuc boi Idp phu va bien phap chdng xoi mon.
- Phan tich, tiep can he thong kinh t l - xa bgi: Cac ylu to kinh te - xa hgi the hien d hicn trang sii' dung dat, phuong hudng phat triln kinh t l - xa hdi va ke hoach sir dung dat ciia dja plurong ciing dugc xem xet trong boat ddng sir dung dat va de xual quy hoach sir dung dit.
2.2. Phuong phap nghien ciiu cu the
De xuat quy hgach sii' dung dat cho luu vyc d day dya tren sy phan cap, danh gia
"do nhay cam mdi trudng sinh thai". Do nhay cam mdi trudng dac trung bang dai lugng nang lugng ddng chay, la tich hgp cua lugng mua vdi do ddc vd do chenh cao ciia be mat dja hinh.
Thiia ke phuong trinh tinh lugng dit mit ciia cac tac gia A.D Ivanovski va la.V.
Kornev" , md hinh tinb toan dai lugng Y dac trung cho nang lugng ddng chay be mat dugc xay dung "'":
Y= I ' . h ' . P ' , trong do: I : do doc h : do chenh cao P : luong mua
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c lan th&s - Hd Ndi, 2010 221
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Phan cip danh gia do nha) cam moi irudng sinh thai cho luu \ uc \ a la co so de de xuil cac loai hinh quan ly su dung dit. Do nha) cam moi trudng phan anh muc do phan unii cua moi trudng dii vdi xung luc cua ddng chd) mat trong tac ddng xdi mon, rira trdi Idp dat mat tren sudn doc.
- Kit hgp kit qua danh gia phan cap do nha)' cam moi Irudng. phan cap cac xa theo nuic do nhav cam moi trudng \'di hien trang su dung dat va djnh birdng phdt trien kinh ll- xa hgi. phuong hudng phat trien cac nganh nong- him- ngu nghiep. dat chuyen duns, dl xuit \ l phan bl dien tich. ca cau cac loai hinb quan ly su dimg dat chinh cho toan kru \ uc \a iheo cac don \'i banh chinh imh. hu)'en, xa.
3. KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU
3.L Diic diem cac dieu kien tu nhien anh hudng den sii' dung dat luu vuc song Kon a) I / //•/ did ly
Song Kon ( Ha Giao) la con song Ion nhat tmh Binh Djnh vdi chieu dai 178 km
\ a dien lich luu vuc la 3 080 knr. Phin ldn dien tich luu vyc sdng Kdn thugc dja phan tmh Binh Djnh (87,5% tdng dien tich hru \uc). nam trong 9 huyen, thj ciia tinh: thanh phd Qu) Nhon. cac huyen Vinh Thanh. Tay Son. An Nhon, Phii Cat, Tuy Phudc (toan bg hoac phan Idn dien tich nam trong hru vyc), cac huyen An Lao (1 xa), Hoai An (2 xa). Van Canh (2 xa) va 3 xa thugc hu)'en K Bang thudc tinh Gia Lai.
Song Kon bat nguon tir \iing mii Nggc Ro (tinb Gia Lai) d do cao tren 900 in.
Phan thugng va trung luu hinh dang luu vyc hep ngang, ddng chay theo hirdng Tay Bac- Ddng Nam. tdi Binh Thanh (Tay Son), luu vyc md rgng, sdng chuyen hirdng Tay - Dong, phan thanh hai nhanh la Dap Da va Tan An cimg dd vao dam Thj Nai va ra bien 0' cang Qiii) Nhon.
Luu \yc song Kon co dien tich hru vuc Idn nhat (3 080 km"), so vdi cac sdng Lai(l 270kiii"). Ha Thanh (580 km"). La Tinh (780 km") cua tinh Binh Djnh. Luu vyc song Kon an ngir \ iing mii phia tay. noi cd dja the cao nhat tinh. Vi the, viec quan ly su dung hgp ly luu x'lrc sdng Kdn khong nlurng dong vai trd quan trgng trong sy phat trien kinh te ma con CO y nghia Idn trong vice bao ve moi trudng sinh thai chung cua tinh Binh Djnh.
b) Dia hinh
- Do cao: Do cao trung binh ciia be mat khoang 450 m. Dja hinh thap chiem uu the. Dien tich cd do cao dudi 50 in chiem tdi 23% tdng dien tich luu vyc, tinb den do cao dudi 100 m chiem tdi 35% long dien tich. Dien tich nui cao tren 1000 m khdng dang ke (tren 11 000 ha, chiem 3,6% dien tich luu vyc). Dja hinh mii thip c6 do cao tir 500 - lOOOin chiem hon 1/3 dien tich luu vyc. Con lai la dien tich doi tu do cao 100 - 500 in cimg chiem gan 25% dien tich luu vyc.
Bdng 3.1.1. Thdng ki diin tich theo cap do cao Bac do cao (m)
< 100 100-300 3 0 0 - 5 0 0 5 0 0 - 1000
>1000
Dien tich (ha) 107 083,2 43 654.5 37 658,0 108 477.9 11 126.3
% so vol tong dien tich luu vuc (308 000 ha)
34,8 14.2 12,2 35,2 3,6
Nguon linh DEM iheo ban cl6 ly le 1/100 000
222 Hdi ngbi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c ldn th&s - Hd Ndi 2010
ViEN n l A L Y ^ J V l i ^ " " * ^ ^ ^ ' ^ ^ *^^^ HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
Dia binh song Kon da dang, bao gom vimg nui, vimg doi va vimg ding bing Ihip.
lien giap vimii biln la nhimg thuan Igi cho sy phat trien kinh te loan dicn.
Do doc: Luu vuc sdng Kdn cd sy luong phan dja hinb giira vimg llurgng - irung IULI
vdi ha luu kha rd rcl. Vimg nin dja hinb ddc manh bon, gan 20% dicn tich cd do die iren 25 do cin cd ldp phii rirng bao ve dai. Dat doc gianh cho lam nghiep (do doc tren 15 do) chilm tren 40%. Vimg doi va ha luu kha bang phang, tdi tren 30% dien lich luu vyc co do die dudi 3 do, nlu tinh den do doc dudi 8 do chiem tdi gan 1/2 long dien lich luu vuc. Phat trien lam nghiep la mgi the manh ciia hru vuc, dong thdi ciing la ingl yeu cau cap thilt dl chlng xdi mon dii d vimg doi mii va chong ngap kit, kho ban d ddng bang ha luu song.
j,j; Bang 3.1.2 Thdng ki diin tich theo cdp ild tide Do doc ( dp)
< 8 8 - 15 1 5 - 2 5
>25 Tong dien tich
Dien lich (ha) 146 401,0 31 561,9 70 473,4 59 563,7 308 000
% so vdi long dien lich 47,5
10,2 22,9 19,4 100
Ngudn: linh lir bdn do dia hinh ly le 1/100 000 ' H' Dieu kien dja hinh vimg dat Ihap va ddi kha bang phang it ddc rat thuan lgi cho
phat trien cay luo'ug thirc hang nam, cay cong nghiep lau nam va chan nuoi gia siic ldn.
c) Thd nhudng: Dat phii sa chiem dien tich kha Idn: 54 627 ba (17,7% dien tich luu vyc). Neu so vdi luu vyc sdng Ba, tbi dien tich dat phii sa d song Kon ldn bon nhieu (sdng Ba: 39 210 ha), ma dien tich luu vyc lai chua bing 1/4 dien tich luu vyc sdng Ba. 0 vimg ddi mii, cd dien tich kha ldn dat dd tren da macina bazo va trung tinh va dat xam rat thuan lgi cho cay cong nghiep dai ngay, cay trdng hang nam va cay an qua. Tuy nhien, dat dd vang la loai dat de bj thoai hda, chiem dien tich ldn nhat, bon nira dien tich hru vyc. Ngoai ra cdn co cac loai dat man, dat cat va dat xdi mon tra xoi da can cai tao (chilm 5,1% dien tich luu vyc).
Bdng 3.13 Thdng ki diin tich cdc loai ddt Loai dat
Dat do tren macma bazo va Irung linh Dat dd vang iren da khac
Dal do vang co miin iren nui Dat cat
Dat man mua kho Dat phii sa Dat xam
Dat xoi mon tro soi da Tong dien tich luu vuc
Dien lich (ha) 29 968,2 167 018,3
16 420,0 6 181,2 7 898,0 54 627,2 24 514,1 1 643,1 308 000,0
% so vdi long dien tich 9.65
54,2 5,3 2,0 2,6 17,75
8,0 0,5 100,0
H Nguon: Thing ke tir bdn dS ddi i'lOO 000
d).Khi hdu vd ngudn nude
Khi hau can xich dao gid miia vdi nen nbiet am cao la nhung thuan Igi co ban cho cay trdng sinh trudng, pluit triln quanh nam. Tdng lugng birc xa hang nam kha cao 140 -
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c Id'n tb&S - Hd Ndi 2010 225
VIEN DIA L'r • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VTET NAM
150 kcl enr. nhiet do trung binh nam ldn \a it biln dgng (26.9 "C). nga) cac thang lanh nhit (Xll. I) Cling co nhiet do trung binh tii' 23 -24°C. Tdng sd gid ning trung binh nam Idn, khoang 2544 gid. Lugng mua trung binh klia Idn (giao ddng tu 1500 mm den 2400 mm)
Do mua Idn d viing thugng nguon nen luu \ y c sdng Kdn co luu lugng ddng chay kha Idn so vdi cac song d mien Trung. luu lugng trung binh nam la 62.1 in"'/s (tai tram Bang Tudng). Nguon nude song Kdn kha doi dao. du nude cung cap cho phat trien viing chu)en canh cay trdng va cac khu cong nghiep che bien.
Dien tich mat nude chiem gan 2°o dien tich luu \'yc. cung \di \iing bien cira sdng la nhirng thuan lgi cho sy phat trien nuoi trong danh bat thuy bai san trong luu vyc.
3.2. Anh hudng cua cac dieu kien t u nhicn den su dung dat luu MJC song Kdn aj Cdc mg! thudn lgi
Luu \'yc sdng Kon co cac dieu kien lu nhien ve dia hinb. khi hau, nguon nude rat thuan Igi cho phat trien nen ndng- lam - ngu nghiep nhiet ddi. Rirng ty nbien cdn tuong doi kha ca \ e dien lich \'a chat lugng riing so \di nhieu luu vyc song khac d mien Trung. Viing dat thap rgng kha bang phang \'a nga)' ca \'ung ddi cung it ddc, dien tich CO do doc dudi 8 do cd the sir dung cho nong nghiep chiem tdi gan 50%) dien tich luu vuc. them 10% dien tich cd do doc tir 8 -15 do sir dung cho nong lam ket bgp la the manh \e dat dai cho phat trien nong nghiep ciia luu vyc. Cac dieu kien khac ve khi hau va nguon nude ciing rat thuan lgi cho phat trien cay trdng, vat nudi va hinh thanh cac viing tap trung san xuat va che bien nong san.
b)Cdc mgt hgn die
Vimg niii dja hinh doc (do doc tren 25 do chilm tdi gin 20%o dien tich luu vyc), lugng mua Idn. cd noi hrgng mua vugl tren 2500 - 3000 mm, vimg dong bing ha luu song, lugng mua giam thap. Lugng mua phan boa theo miia rd ret. Miia mua tap trung trong 4 thang (tir thang IX din thang XII) chilm tdi 75 -80%o lugng mua nam, rieng thang X va thang XI chiem tdi hon 50% lugng mua nam. Dd cung la bai thang thudng bay xuit hien lu. Miia it nura keo dai 9 thang (tu thang I din thang IX), it mua nhit vao cac thang II, III, IV. Sau thdi ky it mua la thdi ky ning nong trong cac thang VLVII.VIII, lugng bdc hoi rit cao, trung binh tir 110 -130 mm, lam cho d viing ha luu song miia kho keo rat dai. Mua lu, xoi mdn dit viing nui; ngap img trong miia mua, ban nang trong miia kho vimg dong bang la nhung tai biln xay ra thudng xuyen trong luu vyc sdng Kdn.
3.3. Tinh hinh su' dung dat aJ Cdc logi sir dung ddt
Dien tich rirng ty nbien trong luu vyc con kha, do che phu rirng la 42,5%, nlu kl ca rung trong dat ty le che pbii la hon 47%. Dit trong cay cong nghiep va cay lau nam rat it. chiem chua tdi 0,5% dien tich luu vyc. Dit trong dudi dang sa van hoac trang cay to. cay bui kha ldn, chilm hon 20% dien tich luu vyc. Dien tich dat nuong ray khong nhieu, chiem khoang gin 5% dien tich luu vyc. Ha luu song Kdn md rdng nen dien tich dat nong nghiep chilm ty le kha Idn, tren 23% dien tich luu vyc. Dien tich mat nude da dugc sir dung chilm gin 2% bl mat luu vyc.
Nhu vay, dat da dugc su dung cho nganh nong lam thuy san chilm 72% dien tich dat dai luu vyc. ke ca dat mrona rav chilm 76.5%.
224 Hdi nghi Khoa bgc Dia ly Todn qud'c la'n th&s- Hd Ndi, 2010
VIEN DIALY • VIEW KHOCN VIET NAM ^ HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
Tuy nbien, trong van de sii' dung dat ciia Iun vuc con nhieu ton tai: rirng da ngheo di nhilu, dicn tich trlng rirng it, dien tich dat trong con nhieu, chiem tren 1/5 dien tich luu vuc.
b) Khai thdc, sir dung rimg vd ddt dai vimg ihugng vd trung hru
- Rung ty nhicn da bj kbai thac manh. Dien tich rirng ngheo va rirng dang phuc hii chilm gin 60%, gan 1/3 dien tfcb rirng co trir lugng trung binh, cdn rirng giau (c6 trir lugng tren 150ni^/ha) chi chiem khoang 10% dien tich rii'ng ty nhien.Vdi ty le che pbii ciia rirng tren toan luu vyc dat 47% chua du dam bao an toan sinh thai cho mgt luu vuc cd do doc ldn d vimg nui (20% dien tich cd do ddc tren 25 do).
I-:'':- . Phuong thuc canh tac nuong ray con tdn tai tren dien tich dang ke. Dien tich dit trlng, sa van, cay bui kha Idn, chiem tren 20% dien tich luu virc.
- Da thyc hien da dang boa cay trdng hang nam, cay cdng nghiep lau nam. Cay dieu la cay cong nghiep chinb, d Vinh Thanh cdn trdng nbieu ca phe, d Tay Son cd nhieu dira. Cac cay cdng nghiep khac co che, tieu, dau tam, khong trong cao su. Cay cong nghiep hang nam nhieu nhat la mia. Cay trong an qua co cam, dira, chuoi, xoai.
Xoai la cay an qua dugc trong nhieu nhat tren toan tinh Binh Dinb cung nhu d cac huyen Vinh Thanh, Tay Son.Tuy nhien, d Binh Djnh ndi chung va viing luu vyc song Kdn chua hinh thanh viing san xuat cay cong nghiep cd gia trj san pham hang hoa.
Trong CO' cau cay luong thyc, chu yeu la liia, cdn ngo, san chiem ty le nhd.
Cay trdng dat nang suat kha cao, nang suat lua trung binh dat tir 35 den 45 ta/ ha. Nang suat ngd tuong doi thap, dat trung binh tir 30 ta/ ha den 40 ta/ ha, ca biet chi tren 10 ta/ha, nhu d Van Canh.
- Trdng rirng thuan loai gay lang phi dat va kem hieu qua ve mat khai thac chuc nang giu nude, bao ve dat ciia ldp phu rirng.
Can cai tao viing dat trdng bang rirng trdng va cay cong nghiep, cay an qua theo md hinh ndng lam ket hgp; tu bd cham sdc phuc boi rirng la phuong hudng sii' dung hgp ly dat dai vimg thugng va trung luu sdng Kdn.
j . . c) Tinh hinh sir dung dat ndng nghiep vimg ha luu
Thugc vao vimg ha luu sdng Kdn cd thanh phd Quy Nhon, cac huyen An Nhon, Phil cat, phan Idn dien tich huyen Tuy Phudc (7/14 phudng, xa).
Cac ddng bang An Nhon, Phii Cat, Tuy Phudc la cac ddng bang md rgng cua tinh Binh Djnh, ldn nhat la dong bing Phii Cat. Dien tich va san lugng ndng nghiep cua viing chiem mgt ty trgng kha Idn trong tdng chung cua ca tinh. Vimg ha luu song Kon CO CO cau cay trdng da dang, song chua nii len loai cay trlng cd gia tri san pham hang boa cho thu nhap cao. Cay trdng luong thyc dat nang suat kha cao, tuy nhien thap hon so vdi vimg ha luu sdng Ba. Nang suit liia trung binh cbi dat 4 -5 tin/ha Nang suat ngd trung binh khoang 40 ta/ha, thip ban 3-4 lin so vdi viing ha luu sdng Ba.
* Phuang hu&ng sir dung: Vin dl dat ra trong viec sir dung dat viing ha luu ndi rieng va luu vyc sdng Kdn ndi chung la cin nang cao bieu suat sir dung dat, ap dung cac md hinh ndng lam kit hgp, md rgng dien tich dit trong cay cdng nghiep, cay an qua, hinb thanh cac viing chuyen canh cay trong cd gia trj san pham hang boa. Nang cao nang suat cay trdng.
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cai tao de sir dung cac vimg dat man, dat phen. dat cat vdi Iren 14 nghin ba, chiem khoang 5% dien tich luu \ u c . De phdng \ a ngan chan tinh trang 6 nhiem ngudn nude \ a dat.
Chong linh trang ngap img \ a kho han. Phat huy the manh ve chan nuoi gia siic ldn d cac hu) en An Nhon. Pbii Cat. Tuy Phudc.
Nganh kinh te thuy san la mgt the manh ciia vung ha luu song Kon va tinh Binh Dinb noi chung. So vdi tinb Phii Yen thi tong gia trj san pham thuy san ciing nhu san lugng khai thac thuy san cua tinb Binh dinh ldn bon 3 lan. Song hien tai, gia tri san xuat nganh thuy san chii yeu dira vao kinh te ca the va khai thac vimg bien, san pham thiiy san nudi trong chiem ty trgng rat nho (3%).
Phirong hudng ciia nganh la: Phat trien nuoi trdng thuy san; Tang cudng quan lv ciia Nha nude va dja phuong doi vdi viec khai thac hai san. khai thac va nudi trong thuy san nude Ig. nude nggt; Dam bao quy djnh \ e san lugng khai thac, ve su dung hgp ly mat nude va bao ve mdi trudng.
3.4. De xuat quy hoach su dung dat luu \ uc song Kdn 3.4.1. Ddnh gid do nhiiy cdm mdi trird'ng sinh thdi theo xd
a) c a c .\a thudc cap dac biet nhay cam va do nhay cam mdi trudng sinh thai rat cao nam a thugng nguon sdng Kon. Dac biet nhay cam la xa An Toan thugc huyen An Lao. cac xa Dak Rong ( huyen K Bang), cac xa Vinh Son, Vinh Kim, Vinh Hao, Vhih Hiep thugc huyen Vinh Thanh va xa Canh Lien cua huyen Van Canh cd do nhay cam moi trirdng rat cao. Tong dien tich cac xa nay chilm 34,4% dien tich luu vyc, dit cd do nha)' cam moi trirdng rit cao chilm tir 50- 70% dien tich xa.
Phan ldn dien tich dat thudc loai nay la gianh cho rung phdng bd diu nguIn, CO the kbai thac dat trong rirng liy gd, ciii, nong lain kit bgp d noi cd dja binh thip bon va dgc thung lung song trdng cay ndng nghiep.
b) Thugc cap cd do nhay cdm moi trudng cao bao gdm cac xa Vinh Hoa, Vhih Thinh, Vhih Quang ( huyen Vuih Thanh), Binh Tan, 1 ay Thuan, Tay Phii, Vinh An, Tay Xuan (huyen Tay Son), cac xa Nhon Tan, Nhon Thg (huyen An Nhon), Cat Trinh, Cat Hai, Cat Tudng, cat Hung, Cat Thanh, Cat Tiln (huyen Phii Cat) va xa Son Lang thugc huyen K Bang. Trii' xa Son Lang nim d thugng ngudn sdng, cac xa cdn lai nim d trung luu va vimg cbu)'en tiep ba luu song. Ting dien tich cac xa nay chilm 38,9%o dien tich luu vyc.
Phan ldn dat dai d cac xa nay gianh cho phat triln lam nghiep, cd thi tan dung nhung noi dja binh it ddc phat trien cay cdng nghiep. cay an qua va cac md hinb ndng lam kit bgp.
c) cac xa con lai trong luu vyc thudc cip it nhay cam va nang lugng dong chay ti^m can 0, chu yeu dimg cho phat triln nong nghiep, ndng lam kit hgp, ndng thdn dong bang va ngu nghiep vimg cira sdng ven biln, md rgng cac khu cdng nghiep, cac dilm cong nghiep va do thj.
3.4.2. Di xiuit phdn bd cdc logi hinh sir dung ddt
Can cu de xuat phan bo ty le dien tich cac loai binh su dung dit trong kru vuc - De xuat sii' dung dat cho phong hg va lain nghiep san xuit: Luu vuc sdno Kdn CO dia hinb doc hon so vdi luu vyc song Ba. co tdi gin 20%) dien tich ddc ircn 25 dd 0 phan thugng luu va ta ngan song Kon. dit dai cd do nhay cam moi trudne rit cao chilm
226 Hdi ne-hi Kboa boc Dia lv Todn aud'c la'n th&s . Hd Ndi 2010
ViEN DIALY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI D L \ L'r VIET NAM
dien tich ldn. do vay phan bo ly le dien tich dat gianh rimg phong hg diu nguIn ldn hon so vdi sdng Ba (25% so vdi 19%). Dat doc 15 - 25 do gianh cho kim nghiep san xuit chilm khoang 23% luu vyc, vi the, dat gianh cho kim nghiep san xuat khdng the qua 25%. Hien tai dat dai co rirng chiem 47% dicn tich. Can trong rirng va ndng lam kit hgp tren 25% dat trong, nuong ray de nang ty le che phii len tren 70% dien lich luu vyc.
- Qe xuat ty le dien tich dat gianh cho cac loai binh sir dung nong - ngu, dat chuyen dun" va ndng lam ket hgp. Hien tai dat su dung cho ndng nghiep chiem tdi tren 23% dicn tich luu vyc. Dien tich vimg dat thap, bang phang cd the md rgng cho ndng ngu nghiep va chuyen dung cimg khdng cdn nhieu, khoang gan 25% dien tich luu vyc (dien tich dat co do doc < 8 do chilm 47,5% dien tich luu vyc). Dicn tich dat trdng cay cdng nghiep lau nam con rat ban cbl. Md rgng dien tich trdng cac loai cay cong nghiep nham phat trien cdng nghiep che bicn va san xuit hang boa theo djnh hudng phat trien kinh te ciia tinh Binh Djnh la can cir quan trgng phan bd dien tich cac loai hinh sir dung dat trong luu vyc.
a. Phdn bd dien tich cdc logi hinh sir dung ddt cho todn liru vuc Bdng 3.4.1. Diin tich cdc logi hinh sir dung flat cua todn luu vuc
Toanluu vuc
Dien tich (ha)
% so vdi long dien tich
Cong 308,000.0
100,00
Dat nong - ngu nghiep va
chuyen dung 187,112.8
25,36
Diit nong lam ket hop
va chuyen do!
52,705.2 25,00
Dit lam nghiep san xuat
34,398.8 24,00
D;1t lam nghiep phong ho
33,783.1 25,64 Dat gianh cho lam nghiep chiem gan 50%) dien tich luu vuc, neu ke ca dat su dung cho loai hinb ndng lam ket hgp, ty le che phu ciia luu vuc xap xi 75%. Yeu cau sii' dung dat cho lam nghiep va rieng cho rirng phdng hg dau ngudn d luu vyc song Kon ldn ban song Ba, nhung kha nang md rgng dat gianh cho trong cay cong nghiep va cac mo hinh ndng lain ket bgp d song Ba lai Idn hon (32% so vdi 25%)), dieu nay hoan toan pbii hgp vdi dac diem dieu kien ty nhien cua hai luu vyc.
b. Phdn bd dien tich cdc logi hinh sir dung ddt theo tinh vd cdc huyen ndm trong liru vuc
Bang 3.4.2. Ca cdu diin tich theo cdc logi hinh sir thing ddt cua 2 tinh trong toim luu vuc
Toan luu vuc Binh Dinh Gia Lai
Dien lich 100,00%
87,48%
12,52%
Dat nong - ngu nghiep va
chuyen dung 100,00%
91,39%
8,61%
Dat nong lam ket hgp va chuyen doi 100,00%
82,80%
17,20%
Dat lam nghiep san xuat 100,00%
88,21%
11,79%
Dat lam nghiep phong ho
100.00%
87,50%
12,50%
Phan Idn dien tich dit dai ciia luu vyc nim trong dja phan tinh Binh Djnh (87,5%), phan bd dien tich cho cac loai binh sir dung dat nam trong tinh Binh Djnh cimg chiem tir 80 -90% dien tich ciia ca luu vyc.
c) Phdn bd dien tich vd ca cdu dien tich cdc logi hinh sir dung ddt ciia cdc huyen theo tinh
cac huyen An Lao, Hoai An, Vinh Thanh, Van Canh la nhirng huyen mien mii ciia luu vyc, dit gianh cho lain nghiep chilm tdi 70% dien tich ciia huyen. Dal lam
Hgi nghi Kboa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c Id'n tb&S- Hd Ndi, 2010 ^'^^
VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIETJ^AM
nghiep tap trung ldn nhit d hu)en An Lao tdi tren 92%o. dit lani nghiep phong hd chiem tdi tren 7 1 % dien tich ciia huyen. sau den huyen Hoai An ty' le nay la 82.2% va 31.1%o, huven van Canh: 72.5% va"32°/o. hu)en Vinh Thanh: 68,2% va 37.3%. D6 cung la nbirng bu)'en ngheo, rit khd khan vl mat ty tiic luong thyc, hai huven An Lao va Hoai An khdng cd dit thip dl trlng liia. cac hu)en khac nhu van Canh. \'inh Thanh dien tich trlng lua nuoc cung rit it, liia nuong \ a ngo. san dugc trdng trong cac mo hinh ndng lam ket hgp \ ung ddi. mii thap.
Dilu na) cd y nghia trong viec giao chuc nang phat trien cac nganh kinh te, quy hoach su dung dit va phan bo dau tu cho cac huyen trong tinb.
Trons tinh Binh Dinh chu trgng diu tu phat trien nong nghiep cho cac huyen An Nhon. Phil Cat. Tay Son. Tuy Phudc. phat triln nong lam ket hgp d cac huyen Vinh Thanh. Ta) Son. Phii Cat, chii trgng diu tu phat trien lam nghiep cho cac huyen Vinh Thanh. Ta) Son. An Lao, Van Canh. dac biet cbii trgng dau tu trdng va nuoi rirng phong hg dau ngudn d cac huyen \'inh Thanh. An Lao.
Ket qua nghien ciru cung da dua ra bang thdng ke dien tich \'a co can cac loai hinh su dung dit theo cip huyen va xa. tir do de xuat ke hoach phat trien mdi loai hinh sir dung dit. thu tu uu lien ve lam nghiep phong hg dau ngudn den cap xa.
4. KET LUAN
Dia hinh luu vyc song Kon khong cao. do cao trung binh be mat cbi 450 m, gan 35% dien tich luu \yc d do cao dudi 100 in \ a chi cd 3,6%) dien tich luu vyc cd do cao tren 1000m. nhung dja hinh viing niii doc manh, dat ddc tren 25 do chiem tdi 20% dien tich luu vyc. Lugng mua Idn, tap trung tren dja hinh cao, ddc manh d vimg thugng luu, dja hinh thap triing vdi lugng mua it ban d \ iing ha luu, sy phan hda ro ret hai miia mua - khd khien cho tinb trang xdi mdn rua troi dat vimg ddi nui, ngap lyt, khd ban vimg ddng bang dien ra thudng xuyen va nghiem trgng d luu vyc sdng Kdn.
Phan tich anh hudng ciia cac dieu kien ty nhien den hien trang sir dung dat luu vuc sdng Kdn \ a bang mgt phuong phap lien ket cac yeu to lien quan nhat den sii' dung dit. ket hgp hien trang va ke hgach phat trien kinh te - xa hgi. da de xuat phan bd dien tich, co' cau dien tich cho 4 loai binh quan ly sir dung dat tren loan luu vyc va theo cac don vj hanh chinh tinh, hu)'en, xa nam frong luu vyc. Ket qua dl xuit: Phan bd gin 50% dien tich dit luu vyc cho lam nghiep, trong dd 25.7 % dien tich la rung phdng hd diu nguIn va 24%) dien tich cho lam nghiep san xuat. Vimg dat thap gianh cho ndng- ngu nghiep va chuyen dung chiem 25,3% dien tich luu vyc, phin dit con lai (25 % dien tich) gianh uu tien cho cac loai hinh ndng - lam ket hgp, viing chu)'en canh cay cdng nghiep. Cung da dl xuit mirc do uu tien phat trien timg loai hinh sir dung dit theo don vj huyen, xa.
Can kiem nghiem ket qua de xuat quy hoach sir dung dat theo phuang phap nay bang cac phuong phap nghien cuu khac nhu phan cap dau nguon, phan cap tilm nang xdi mon va phan loai canh quan sinh thai.
2 2 8 Hdi ngbi Khoa boc Dia 1-0^ Tn.n n rmn'r. IS'r, th ,-yJ^ . CJ-.;
VTEN DjA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM HOI DIA LY VIET NAM
TAI LIEU T H A M KHAO
I NguyCn Thi Kim Chuong, Lai Huy Phuo'ng Phuong phdp ddnh gid mdi trirdng sinh thdi mien nui phuc vu quy hogch phdng hg vd sir dung ddt dai. Thdng bao khoa hgc ciia cac tru'dng Dai hgc, Iki Ndi - 2001
2. FAO Land and warier integrcUion and river basin managemend. Rome, 1995.
3. T6 chu-a Hop tac Quoc te Nhat Ban (Jica) Nghiin cim vi phdt trien vd qudn ly tdi nguyin nude lociii qudc tgi nude Cdng hod Xd hdi Chu nghia Viet Nam, thang 9 nam 2003 4. Tran Tuit- Trin Thanh Xuan- Nguyen Diic Nhat Dia ly thuy vdn sdng ngdi Viet Nam,
NXB Khoa hgc vd ky thudt, Ha Ndi nam 1987
5. UBNH tinh Binh Djnh - Cue thong ke tinh Binh Dinh, Nien gidm thdng ke tinh Binh Dinh 2003.
6. UBNH tinh Binh Djnh, Quy hogch tdng the phdt triin kinh te - xd hdi tinh Binh Dnih den nam 2010, thdng 5 nam 2001.
7. UBNH tinh Gia Lai -Cue thong kc Gia Lai, Niin gidm thdng ke tinh Gia Lai 2003 8. Vii^n Quy hogch Thuy lgi Cdn bdng bdo vi vd sir dung cd hiiu qud ngudn mrdc Qudc
gia (Bao cao khoa hgc Tdng ket chuong trinh nghien cdu Khoa hgc cong nghe cap Nha nude giai doan 1991-1995), HaNgi, thang 10 nam 1996.
9. G.P. Xurman Xdm thuc do mrdc vd chdng xdm thuc (ban tieng Nga) NXB Le nin grat, 1976
W>i»" n^hi zru^ , ^ X -LTA T^TA;
