Chu nghia Mdc - Lenin, Tu tifdng Ho Chjjdinn^
TlTTlTOfNG CUA V.I.LENIN
VE PHU-ONG THlTC BAO VE LOl ICH QUOC GIA - DAN TOC VA DINH HlTdNG V A N DUNG d VIET NAM
ThS. CHU iVUNH QUOC'*'
Tom tdt: Phucmg thirc bdo vi lai ich quoc gia - ddn tdc la cdch tiin hdnh nhdm bdo ve vdng chdc lgi ich quoc gia - ddn tdc trong mgi diiu kiin, hodn cdnh. Bdi viet tap trung trinh bdy quan diem, tu tudng cua V.l.Linin ve phuang thiec bdo vi lai ich quoc gia - ddn tdc vd dinh hudng van dung d Viet Nam.
Tir khoa: lai ieh qude gia - ddn tdc; Viet Nam; V.LLenin
I
Tu tu'Ong ciia V.I.Lenin ve phu-ong thirc bao ve Igi ich# q u 6 c gia - dan tpc
Nghien ciiu tu tudng ciia V,I.Lenin ve bao ve lgi ich qude gia - dan tgc cd thg thay, ndi ham bao ve lgi ich qude gia - dan tdc rat rpng ldn, the hien trgn mpi mat, ITnh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hgi.
Dd la: bao ve dgc lap, chii quyen, toan ven lanh thd; bao ve chinh quyen Xd vigt, che do xa hdi chii nghia; bao ve che do kinh te ciia qude gia xa hgi chil nghTa; bao ve van hda - xa hdi cua quoc
'*' Hoc vien Chinh tn, Bp Quoc phong
gia xa hdi chii nghTa; bao ve quygn va Igi ich cita giai cap cdng nhan, ndng dan, binh sT; bao ve quygn va Igi ich chinh dang ciia nudc Nga Xd viet va Lien Xd tren trudng qude te. Bao ve lgi ich qude gia xa hdi chii nghTa cdn gan lien vdi bao ve thanh qua ciia phong trao cdng san va cdng nhan qude te, giai phdng cac qude gia thudc dia.
Cac ndi dung nay cd mdi lien he chat che vdi nhau, tao thanh thg thdng nhat, dam bao cho qude gia - dan tdc xa hdi chii nghia tdn tai va phat trign thinh vugng. Vi vay, de bao ve Igi ich qude gia - dan tgc vdi tu each la thanh qua cua each mang xa hdi chii nghTa, theo V,I,Ldnin, can sir dung tdng hop, linh hoat, sang tao cac Khoa hpc chinh tn - So 5/2020
• Chu nghia Mdc - Linin, Tif tudng Ho Chi Minh 15 phuang thiic bao ve, de vira xay dung, cung cd,
phat trien cac Igi ich qude gia - dan tdc, vira dau tranh chdng Iai mpi hoat ddng xam hai lgi ich qude gia - dan tgc xa hpi chu nghla. Trong do, tap trung vdo mpi so phuang thuc ca bdn sau:
Mdt la, huy ddng todn l^c cua ddt nudc di bdo vi lgi ich qude gia - ddn tdc
Theo V.LLenin, day la nguyen tac ca ban de bao ve Ipi ich qude gia - dan tdc. Bdi vi, ke thii ludn sii dung tram phuang, ngan ke, ddc hgt mpi lire lugng nham giarih lai nhung Ipi ich da mat;
pha huy nhiing thanh qua, Igi ich ma each mang xa hpi chil nghia mang lai cho giai cap cdng nhan va quan chiing nhan dan lao ddng. Vi vay, han bao gid het, chinh quyen Xd viet phai huy ddng toan bg luc lugng each mang de bao ve chinh quyen each mang - Igi ich tdi cao ciia quoc gia.
V.LLenin chi thi: "... nhiem vu thieng lieng cua edng lihan va ndng dan Nga la phai hdt Idng bao ve lay nudc Cdng hda Xo vigt"'"; " l ) T a t c a m p i lire Iugng, mgi tai nguyen cua dat nudc deu phai danh cho cdng cudc bao ve each mang. 2) Tat ca cac Xd viet va cac td chiic each mang cd trach nhiem phai bao ve timg vi tri cho ddn gigt mau cudi ciing..."'^'. Day la sir menh dac biet quan trpng ciia toan the nudc Nga Xd viet chien dau bao ve thanh qua each mang ciia giai cap cdng nhan va nhan dan lao ddng. Mac dii trong didu kien vd cimg khd khan, nhung V.LLenin khang dinh rang, "nhat dinh se bao ve dupc thanh qua each mang chdng mgi cudc xam pham cua chii nghTa dg qude"'^'.
Hai Id, phdi xdy dung tiem luc kinh te ldn mgnh Trong thdi ky ndi chien, V.I.Lenin chu truong thuc hien chinh sach kinh tg cdng san thdi chien dd huy ddng toan dan bao ve Td qude, chdng can thiep, xam luge. Sau khi ndi chien ket thiic, V.LLenin chu truong ke thira cac gia tri, thanh tuu ciia ngn kinh td tu ban chu nghTa, de xuat chuyen md hinh kinh tg cdng san thdi chien sang thuc hien Chinh sach kmh te mdi (NEP). Dae biet, V.I.Lenin da chii truang sir dung va phat trien kinh te tu ban nha nudc nhu la mpt thanh phSn kinh te, mdt hinh thirc kinh tg dac thii cua thdi ky qua dp Ien chu nghia
xa hdi; sir dung rdng rai chuygn gia kinh te tu san va tra luomg cao cho hp theo dung kdt qua ddng gdp. Bdi vi, theo V.LLenin, "Trong mdt nudc tigu ndng... phai bac nhiing chide cau nhd vung chac, di xuydn qua chii nghTa tu ban nha nudc, tign Ien chu nghTa xa hgi, khdng phai bang each true tigp dua vao nhiet tinh, ma la vdi nhiet tinh do cudc each mang vT dai sinh ra, bang each khuyen khich Ipi ich ca nhan, bang su quan tam thidt than cua ca nhan, bang each ap dung che dp hach toan kinh td"''''.
Day la luan diem hdt sire quan trong, phan anh tu duy sac sao, nhay ben ciia V.I.Lenin, nham tap trung nang luc ciia khoa hpc - ky thuat, phat huy Igi thg cac thanh phan kinh te, qua dd day manh san xuat, nang cao ddi sdng ciia nhan dan, tang cudng tiem Iuc kinh te, quan su du manh de dap tan sir xam luge ciia cac thg luc thii dich, bao ve Igi ich qude gia - dan tdc.
Ba la, phdi chu dpng xdy dung Hdng qudn cdng - ndng hung mgnh vd tdng cudng khd ndng phdng thd cua ddt nudc
V.I.Lenin da chi rd, trong khi chii nghia de qude cdn cd dieu kien tdn tai bdn canh chii nghTa xa hdi, thi viec de phdng, canh giac la tat yeu khach quan. De bao ve thanh qua each mang, viec xay dimg Hdng quan cdng - ndng hung manh, cung co qude phdng la ygu cau tat yeu khach quan. V.l.Lgnin nhan manh: "Mudn bao ve ehinh quydn ciia cdng ndng dg chdng bgn an cudp, tire bpn dia chu va bpn tu ban, chiing ta phai cd Hdng quan manh me"'''. Do vay, Dang va Nha nudc Xd viet phai de cao canh giac, cham lo ciing cd, xay dung Hdng quan viing manh, ndu khdng se "khdng thg tdn tai dupc".
Ben canh viec xay dung Hdng quan cdng - ndng himg manh, V.l.Lgnin cho rang, muc tigu xay dung va cung cd quoc phdng, tang cudmg kha nang phdng thii ddt nudc la ca sd dg bao ve thanh qua each mang, bao ve hda binh; ddng thdi, nhdn manh, khdng dugc lao vao cudc vSt lgn quan sir khi khdng cd quan dpi va khi ke dich vu trang tan rang, dugc chuan bi rat chu dao. Vi vay, V.I.Lenin ygu cau, phai "cham lo dgn kha nang quoc phdng ciia nudc ta va
Khoa hoc chinh tri - .QA 5/2020
Chti nghia Mdc - Lenin. Tu tudng Hd Chi muih cua Hdng quan ta nhu cham lo den con nguai
trong mdt minh"'^'; phai "chudn bi mdt each cd he thdng, khdng ngimg va toan dien dd dua ddt nudc den chd cd du siic tu ve"'"". NghTa la, phai chu dpng cimg cd, tang cudng quoc phdng toan dien vg mpi mat, ca ve chinh tri, dnh thdn, kinh te, khoa hpc va cac tigm lire ciia qude gia..., cd nhu vay mdi thang dupc ke thu,
Bdn Id, sit dung tdng hgp cdc hinh thuc ddu tranh de bdo vi lgi ich qude gia - ddn tdc.
De bao vg lgi ich qude gia - dan tgc, theo V.l.Lgnin, can ket hpp dau tranh quan sir vdi dau tranh kinh tg, dau tranh ngoai giao. Day la su ket hpp cac hinh thiic dau tranh, phan anh tinh da dang, phong phii tinh chat ddi tugng can dau tranh. Tu tudng nay dupc hinh thanh rat sdm, the hien trong quan didm, dudng ldi chien lupc, sach luge va hoat ddng chi dao trong thuc tien dau tranh bao ve Ipi ich qude gia - dan tdc ciia V.l.Lgnin va Dang Bdnsdvich Nga. Theo sang kien eiia V.l.Lenin, ngay tir nhirng ngay dau each mang, trgn bao Ngudi vd sdn bat dau cho dang eac bai va tai lieu vd cac van de dau tranh vu trang cua giai cap vd san. Sau dd, V.l.Lgnin ygu cau cac dang vign phai kien tri hpc tap cdng tac quan su; ddng thdi, ap dung cac bien phap tich cue de td chiic mua va chuygn vii khi ve Nga nham chuan bi khdi nghta vii trang gianh thang Ipi.
Trong khi dat nudc dang cd chign tranh, V.l.Lgnin vSn chi dao tiep tuc duy tri, phat trign ddi sdng ciia giai cap cdng nhan va nhan dan lao ddng, chdng su tan pha cua chien tranh, khac phuc nan ddi dang xay ra khung khigp, Ngay tir dau khi mdi gianh dugc chinh quydn, V.LLenin da ehi dao xay dung nen kinh tg qude dan mang tinh xa hdi chii nghTa, phai "td chirc san xudt tren quy md toan qude theo kidu xa hdi chii nghTa"'^'.
Dg tranh nhiing tdn thdt frong ehidn tranh va cd thdi gian de ciing cd lire lupng, V.l.Lgnin da chu truong ky hiep ude hda binh vdi Diic vao ngay 03/3/1918 de tan dung mpi thdi co, co hdi giii viing hda binh va dap tan mpi thii doan de bao ve bang dugc Td quoc xa hdi chii nghia.
Viee su dung tdng hgp cac hinh thijc dau
tranh nhu vay da giup nudc Nga Xd viet co s^
chudn bi ddy du, chu dao mgi ngudn sue manh va phuang phap ddu Uanh, nhdm mang lai hi?u qua cao nhat dd bao ve Igi ich qude gia - dan tdc mdt each toan dien.
Ndm Id, bdo ve lgi ich qude gia - ddn tpc phai theo sdt vdphii hgp vdi tinh hinh thuc tien _
Ddu nhimg nam 1920, tinh hinh qude te va uong nudc co nhimg thay ddi ldn. Dudi sir lanh dao tai tinh cua V.l.Lenin va Dang Bdnsdvich, nudc Nga Xd vidt "da dat dugc thanh tich ca ban, lam cho vi ni ciia chiing ta dupc ciing cd rat nhidu va chdc hdn la chiing ta se giai quyet dugc van dg hda bmh vdi tdt ca cac qude gia Ian can khac, va dgn liic dd thi tren thuc tg se khdng the cd bdt ky mdt cudc xam luge nao eiia khoi Ddng minh"'^'. Tuy nhien, V.l.Lenin nhan manh, can dg cao canh giac, phai duy tri day dii siic chien ddu dg danh tra ke thii; ddng thdi, giii gin tinh thdn sin sang chien dau la mgt nghTa vu''"'.
Theo V.l.Lenin, vdn de cd tinh nguyen tac la: chiing ta phai luu y, phai thi nghiem trong thuc tg xem nhiing thay ddi nay dem Iai cai gi, dua vao kinh nghiem thuc tign mdi ed the dua ra dugc nhiing thay ddi nay hay thay ddi khac"".
NghTa la, phai dua ra dugc du bao khoa hgc ve nhiing dien bien mdi ciia tinh hinh thuc tien. Tir do, dua ra nhiing quyet sach khoa hgc, hieu qua khdng ehi trong bao ve lgi ich quoc gia - dan tdc ndi rieng, ma cdn trong phat trien, xay dung chii nghta xa hdi ndi chung.
Nhu vay, tu tudng ciia V.l.Lenin vd phuong thiie bao ve Ipi ieh qude gia - dan tdc la van de ly luan co ban, cd gia tri thuc tidn sau sac, dinh hudTig, chi dao su nghi?p dau tranh, bao ve thanh cdng lgi ich nude Nga Xd vidt trong hoan canh dac biet khd khan ciia lich sii liic bay gid. Day cdn la tign dg ly luan quan trpng cho cac Dang Cdng san va cdng nhan qude te, cac nha nudc xa hdi chii nghTa hoach dinh dudng Idi chign luge, sach luge va thuc thi su nghiep bao ve lgi ich qude gia - dan tdc mdt each hieu qua.
2. Dinh hirdng vain dung o Viet Nam Trong nhiing nam tdi, tinh hinh thg gidi, khu vuc se cdn dien bien phiic tap, khd ludng, thuan Khoa hoc chinh tri - So 5/2020
Chu nghia Mdc ~ Lenin, Tutudng Ho Chi Minh 17 lgi va thach thiic dan xen. O trong nudc, cac thd
Iuc thil dich hien dang triet dg Igi dung xu thg toan eau hda va hgi nhap qude te de chdng pha each mang nudc ta bang chien luge "dien bign hda binh", bao loan lat dd. Sir suy thoai ve tu tudng chinh tri, dao dire, Idi sdng, bigu hien "tu didn bien", "tu chuyen hda" trong npi bd vSn edn didn ra trong mdt bd phan can bd, dang vien, cdng chiic... Trude thuc te tren, viec quan triet cac phuang thiic bao ve Ipi ich qude gia - dan tdc trong tu tudng cua V.l.Lenin de bao ve viing chac lgi ich qude gia - dan tdc Viet Nam trong giai doan hien nay la van dg vd cimg quan trgng va cap thidt, todn Bdng, todn dan, todn qudn ta cdn chd y mpt so vdn de ca bdn sau:
Mpt Id, ndm chdc, xit ly tdt su tde ddng mgnh me cda qud trinh todn cdu hda, hpi nhdp qude ti vd Cdch mgng cdng nghiep 4.0 den thuc hiin nhiem vu bdo vi lgi ich qude gia - ddn tpc Viet Nam
Toan cau hda, hdi nhap qude te va Caeh mang cdng nghiep 4.0 la xu the khach quan va la mpt trong nhung dac diem ndi bat trong giai doan hien nay, tac ddng manh me den mgi qude gia, khu vuc trgn thg gidi, trong dd cd Viet Nam, theo ca hai chieu hudng: tich cue va tieu cue.
Truoc het, qua trinh toan cau hda, hdi nhap qude te va Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 da tao tidn de cho phat trien kinh tg - xa hdi thdng qua viec huy ddng cac ngudn Iuc ben ngoai, tan dung co hgi de "di tnrdc, ddn dau", iing dung nhiing thanh tuu khoa hpc va cdng nghe hien dai, md rpng thj trudng, phat huy mat manh va Ipi the so sanh. Day la nhiing dieu ki^n thuan lgi cd y nghta quyet dinh de phat trien dat nuoc nhanh, ben virng. Tren ca sd do, nang cao sire manh tdng hgp cua qude gia, gdp phan giir viing ddc lap, tu chii ciia ddt nudc.
Thdng qua hgi nhap quoc tg, chiing ta nhan thirc dugc Igi ich chung de thiic day hgp tac vdi cac nudc, ciing nhu thay rd mat mau thuan, khac biet de cd ddi sach xir ly diing dan mdi quan he giiia hgp tac vdi dau tranh, giua doi tac vdi ddi tupng;
tao ra su dan xen Ipi ich sau rdng vdi nhiing quan he can bang cd Igi cho dat nudc.
Tuy nhien, ben eanh mat tich cue, qua trinh
toan cau hda, hpi nhap quoc tg va Cach mang cdng nghiep 4,0 cung cd nhung tac ddng tigu cue ddi vdi cdng cudc bao ve loi ich quoc gia - dan tgc Viet Nam hien nay. Dd la Iam gia tang sir tuy thudc lan nhau giiia cac nudc, gay khd khan trong giii vihig dde lap, nj ehii, nhat la ddi vdi cac nudc nhd cd tigm lire yeu trudc cac nudc ldn cd tigm lire manh. Thuc tidn cho thdy, khi tham gia hpi nhap qude td, su hiy thudc lln nhau giiia cac nudc cd the chuydn hda thanh su le thudc cua mdt sd nudc ngheo, kem phat trien vao nudc ldn, cd tidm lire manh. Them vao dd, khi cac nudc Idn "ngdm bdt tay", thda hiep ve Ipi ich se tae ddng khdng nhd den van de dgc lap, chii quyen ciia cac nudc nhd. Ngoai ra, trong hgi nhap quoc tg, neu khdng tinh tao, cac nudc cham phat tridn rat de "sap bSy" nhap khau cdng nghd lac hau, gay d nhiem mdi trudng sinh thai, anh hudng den phat tridn nhanh va ben viing. Day la tac ddng tigu cue, nhiing mau thuan can giai quygt giiia chii dpng, tich cue hdi nhap qude te vdi giii viing ddc lap, tu chii ciia dat nudc.
Bdn eanh dd, qua trinh toan cau hda, hdi nhap quoc tg va Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 tac ddng sau sac tdi giii gin ban sac dan tdc. Mgt mat, khi hdi nhap qude tg, nhan dan ta ed ea hdi tiep can, giao luu vdi nhirng gia tri van hda tieu bieu ciia nhidu quoc gia trgn thg gidi, tigp thu tinh hoa, tri tue, tien bd ciia nhan Ioai, tir dd cd su tiep bien, ke thira va phat huy nhiing tmydn thdng cao quy, tdt dep ciia dan tgc, thuc day tiem nang sang tao tiong nudc, lam phong phii, sau sac them ban sac dan tgc. Mat khac, qua trinh nay dg dan den tinh tiang bi lai cang, ddng hda, chira dung nguy CO bang hoai nhiing gia tri truyen thdng, Iam mat cdt each va dien mao tinh than eiia quoc gia, xdi mdn ban sac dan tdc, tidm an nhiing bat dn ve an mnh ehinh tri, trat tu, an toan xa hdi...
Do vay, de bao ve viing chac lgi ieh qude gia - dan tdc Viet Nam, can nhan thiic day du, ro rang sir tae ddng ciia ygu td nay ca theo chieu thuan va nghich dg cd kg sach tae chign cu the, khoa hpc, ngan ngua va day liii cac nguy ca chien tianh, xung dot hi sdm, tir xa. Day chinh la su van dung trung thanh, phat tridn tu tudng cua
K h n a h n ^ nhfnt-i +••: ' V2020
24 . Bdo ve nen tdng tutudng cua uang giao vdi nhau, tham chi chiing edn diing thu
doan lang ma, kich dgng tdn giao, ngan can tin dd thuc hien nghta vu cdng dan, gay hSn thil giua tdn giao vdi chinh quydn... Tir do, khoet sau mau thuan giiia cac dan tdc, thiic day xung dot sac tgc, tdn giao trgn cac dia ban, tao cd cho cae the luc thii dieh tir ben ngoai can thiep vao nudc ta''''.
Thu ba. khai thdc nhieng bdt cap. sa hd eua cdc cdp chinh quyen trong qudn ly. td chiec thuc hien chinh sdch cua Ddng, Nhd nudc di kich ddng qudn chung gdy mdt dn dinh an ninh chinh tri, trdt tu, an todn xa hdi Trong thdi ky ddi mdi. Dang va Nha nudc rat quan tam den viec bao dam phat trien tu do, cdng bang, binh dang ddi vdi tdn giao.
Vi vay. Dang va Nha nudc da de ra nhieu chinh sach eu thd de dam bao quyen tu do tin nguang, tdn giao ciia nhan dan. Quan diem xuygt sudt va nhat quan ciia Dang va Nha nudc ta la: Tin nguong, tdn giao la nhu cau tmh than ciia mdt bd phan nhan dan, dang va se tdn tai ciing dan tdc trong qua trinh xay dung chil nghTa xa hdi. Ddng bao cac tdn giao la mpt bd phan ciia khdi dai doan ket toan dan tdc'^'. Hien nay, dudng Idi, chinh sach ve tu do tin ngudng, tdn giao ciia Dang va Nha nudc da co ban dap ung dugc nguyen vgng ciia ddng bao, cac quygn tir do tin ngudng, tdn giao dugc tdn trgng, bao ve va phat trien, ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than ciia ddng bao khdng ngimg dupe cai thien. Tuy nhien, qua trinh hoach dinh, thuc thi dudng ldi ciia Dang va chinh sach cua Nha nudc trong cdng tac quan ly va didu hanh xa hgi ndi chung, tdn giao ndi rieng, nhat la d cap co sd khd tranh khdi nhiing ban che, khiem khuygt. Didn hinh la cac vu viec nhu: xa thai gay d nhidm mdi trudng ciia Cdng ty Formosa (Ha TTnh);
giai tda den bii dat tai 42 Nha Chung; Nha thd Thai Ha dung thanh gia; nha nguyen trai phep d giao xir Ddng Chiem {Ha Ndi);
Ddng Hdi {Quang Binh); giai tda Chiia Lidn Tri {Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh) va gdn day la cac vu vide phiic tap tai giao phan Vinh,
Kon Tum, "vudn rau phudng 6, Tan B'™\.', Lgi dung cae vu viee tren, cac the lire thu dich da ldi keo, mua chudc, hau thudn cho mgt so chiie sdc tdn giao Ipi dung diic tin cua cac tm dd da tuyen truydn, xuygn tac phan ddng ve Dang, chg do, chinh quydn cac cap; ^ngang nhign phat thu ngd trgn mang xa hgi, keu gpi, kieh dong giao dan chan dudng giao thdng, bieu tinh, gay rdi, dap pha tai san va tan cdng lue luong chiic nang nhdm muc dich lam cho nhan dan ta "tu didn bien", kich ddng gay mau thuan trong ndi bg nhan dan, chia re dan tgc, tdn giao, diing qudn chiing dd lam suy yeu hieu luc ciia chinh quyen. Day chinh la mdt tiong nhirng am muu, thii doan het siic nham hiem, dugc tinh toan ky luong, nhdrn gay tieng vang, tao cd, can thiep vao cae van de:
dan chu, nhan quydn.
Thu tu, dua vdo ddc diim dia ly, nhitng khd khdn ve diiu kiin kinh te. vdn hda, xd hpi d cdc viing ddn tpc thiiu sd, vung ddng bdo tdn gido de phdt triin cdc hogt ddng tdn gido, chia re khdi dgi dodn kit todn ddn tdc
Viet Nam la qude gia da dan tdc, song phat trien khdng deu ve kinh te, van hda, xa hgi.
Ddi sdng dan tri va cac boat dgng xa hpi giiia thanh thi vdi ndng thdn, vimg ddng bang vdi viing mii, viing cd dao va khdng cd dao cdn cd sir chdnh lech. Cac dan tdc thieu sd sdng d viing sau, vimg niii cao, dia ban ed vi tri ehidn luge nhumg dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi cdn hdt siic khd khan. Day la "manh dat mau mo" de cac thg luc thil dich phat trign cac hinh thirc boat ddng tdn giao. Theo thdng ke, tii nam 1980 den nay, nude ta xuat hien khoang 80
"tdn giao mdi", hien tugng tdn giao mdi, dao la, ta dao vdi nhieu ngudn gdc khac nhau, nhu Ta dao Ha Mdn, Pokhap Brau, Duong Van Minh, "Tam Hnh Hd Chi Minh", Long Hoa Di Lac, Hdi thanh diic chiia trdi me... Nhumg thii gpi la "tdn giao" nay hinh thanh tren ca sd tiep thu giao ly ciia cac tin nguong, tdn giao truydn thdng vdi hinh thirc lap ghep hdn dung va thoat khdi pham vi anh hudng ciia tin nguang, tdn giao truydn thdng. Trong do, nhidu tdn giao
Khoa hoc chinh tn - So 5/2020
• Bao vi nen tdng tutiidng cda Dang 25 dugc td cbiic nham loi keo, tap hgp quan
chung nhan dan chdng pha each mang, gay rdi trat tu, an ninh xa hpi, nhu: "Ta dao Vang Chii", "Hdi thanh diic chiia trdi me", "Phap Iuan cdng". Nguy hidm han, chiing cdn lgi dung tdn giao dg pha hoai an ninh qude gia, kieh ddng tu tudng Iy khai tren cac dia ban chien luge (Tay Bac, Tay Nguygn, Tay Nam bg) bang each lap ra mgt sd loai hinh tdn giao rieng cho ngudi dan tdc thieu sd, nhu dao Vang Chii d Tay Bdc va Tay Nghe An;
"Tin lanh Dg Ga" d Tay Nguyen; "Phat giao ridng cua ngudi Khmer" d Tay Nam bd. Tu cac Ioai hinh tdn giao rieng nay, chiing da lap ra cac td chiic phan ddng, tra hinh, nhu
"Vuang qude Mong tu tri", "Nudc Cdng hda De ga", "Nha nudc Khmer Krdm", de kich dgng ddng bao bidu tinh "ddi dat", ddi "tu do tdn giao", "binh dang dan tde", tidn tdi ddi
"ly khai", "quygn tu tri dpc lap"'^'... Day la thil doan rat nham hiem, trang trgn ciia cac the luc thii djch hdng pha hoai an ninh qude gia, de dpa ddc lap, chii quyen, thdng nhat, toan ven lanh thd cua Td qude.
Thu nam, thao tung vd lai dung cdc dien dan qude ti, cdc td chuc qude ti di thdng tin sai leeh ve tinh hinh tdn gido nhdm cd lap ta trin trudng qude te
Nhiing nam qua, Viet Nam ludn chu ddng va tich cue hdi nhap qude te. Tien trinh hgi nhap quoc tg da gdp phan quan trgng nang tam the va lire cho Viet Nam trong phat trien kinh tg - xa hdi va nang cao thu nhap cho ngudi dan; tao ap Iuc va dieu kien de tich cue hoan thien thg chg kinh tg; nd luc nang cao nang Iuc canh tranh quoc gia, doanh nghiep va san pham.,. Tuy nhien, tien trinh hdi nhap ciing da gap phai su can trd tir cac the Iuc thii dich. Chiing ludn Ipi dung van de tdn giao de tuyen truydn vdi cac ddi tac nhiing ndi dung khdng dvmg su that ve chinh saeh tdn giao eua Dang, Nha nude ta. Cu the, lien tuc trong nhieu nam nay, edng bd bao cao thudng nien ciia Bp Ngoai giao My deu nhan xet sai lech, phien dien ve tinh hinh tu do tdn giao ciia
Viet Nam. Ben canh dd, chiing ra sire xuyen tac, vu cao Viet Nam vdi nhidu ndi dung, hinh thiic khac. Muc dich ciia am muu va thii doan nay chinh la nhdm cd lap chiing ta tren trudmg qude te, tao ra nhung bdt Ipi cho Viet Nam trong qua trinh dam phan, thuang lugng tham gia vao cac td chiic qude te va huy ddng ngudn luc tic cac td chiic qude te xay dung va phat tridn dat nudc.
3. Mot so giai phap phdng ngura, dau tranh chong lai cac boat dong I9I dung tin ngircrng, ton giao cua cac the lyc thu dich, phan dong
Mot Id, nang cao nhan thiic, thdng nhdt quan didm, trach nhiem cua he thdng chinh tri va toan xa hgi vg van dg tin ngudng, tdn giao. De lam tdt van de nay, eac cap iiy dang, chinh quygn can quan tam, lanh dao thuc hien tdt cac chii truorng, chinh sach eua Dang, Nha nudc ddi vdi cac tdn giao. Can thuc hien ddng bd, thdng nhat, phan dinh rd vai trd lanh dao ciia Dang, cdng tac quan Iy ciia Nha nude, ddng thdi khdng ngimg phat huy vai trd van ddng ciia Mat tran Td qude Viet Nam va cac doan the chinh tri - xa hdi trong viec dpng vien ddng bao cd dao tham gia thuc hien tdt cac phong trao thi dua ygu nudc. Can nhan thiic sau sdc, thuc chat cdng tac tdn giao la edng tac van ddng quan chiing.
Thdng qua cdng tac van ddng giiip ddng bao cac tdn giao phat huy ban chat tdt dep, giii gin truyen thdng van hda cua dan tdc, tdn vinh nhung ngudi cd cdng vdi Td qude, nhan dan, kidn quyet ddu tranh chdng lai cac boat ddng lgi dung tu do tin ngudng, tdn giao de hanh nghd mg tin di doan, boat ddng trai vdi chii truong ciia Dang, chinh sach, phap luat ciia Nha nudc; Igi dung, kich ddng chia re nhan dan, chia re cac dan fdc, chia re lucmg - giao, gay rdi, xam pham an ninh qude gia.
Hai Id, day manh phong trao quan chiing bao ve an ninh Td qude, tidp tuc quan tam phat trien ddi sdng ciia vimg ddng bao cd dao, dae biet la d vung sau, viing xa, vimg dac biet khd khan;
keu ggi dau tu va tang cudng thuc hien cac
Khoa hnn r h i n h tri . OA' 5/202O
chuang trinh, du an phat trien kinh tg, van hda, xa hgi, nang cao dan tri; tang cudmg ciing cd he thdng chinh tri, ddng vien quan chiing tdn giao sdng "tdt ddi dep dao", tich cue tham gia phong trao each mang, cac boat ddng tii thien nhan dao. Giai quygt kip thdi nhiing de nghi chinh dang, hgp phap cua td ehuc, ca nhan tin dd cac tdn giao, khdng dg xay ra eac sir viec phirc tap lien quan den tdn giao. Ben canh dd, phai kip thdi vach trdn mpi am muu, phuong thiic, thil doan ma eae the lire thu dich thudng Ipi dung tdn giao de gay chia re dan tdc, chdng pha each mang; vach tran bd mat phan ddng, ddi Idt tdn giao dg pha hoai each mang cho quan chiing nhan dan hieu ro, tir dd nang cao trinh do nhan thirc, giac ngd, y thiic each giac each mang trong quan chiing tin do.
Ba Id, tiep tuc hoan thien he thdng chinh saeh, phap luat vg tin ngudng, tdn giao. Thdi gian qua, he thdng chinh sach, phap luat ve tin ngudng, tdn giao ludn dugc xay dung, cimg cd va hoan thien, nhung vln cdn mdt sd ban che, bdt cap. Dien hinh eac quy dinh dugc dat ra nhung thieu che tai; chua cd quy dinh ve dat tugng, quy chuan co sd tdn giao, ta dao... Van de quan ly nha nudc ve tin nguang, tdn giao Cling ehua dugc cu the hda, edn chung chung.
Bdn Id, tang cudng cdng tac van ddng quan ehiing, xay dung lire lugng chinh tri d ca sd.
Thai gian tdi, can ddi mdi ndi dung, each thiic van ddng quan chiing cd dao, cdng tac van ddng phai dua trgn phong tuc tap quan, sinh hoat, tam ly, dac diem ciia mdi tdn giao, dan tdc, viing mien. Nang cao hieu qua hoat ddng cua Mat tran Td qude va cac doan the chinh tri - xa hgi. Tang cudng giao due, tuyen truyen chu trucmg, chinh sach, phap luat cho ddng bao cd dao; ddng thdi, kidm soat va thuc hien tdt quy ehe dan chii d co sd, dac biet la viing ddng bao cd dao, vimg ddng bao dan tdc thidu sd.
Ndm Id, tang cudng cdng tac quan ly nha nudc vg tin ngudng, tdn giao. Day la ygu cau rat quan trpng trong cugc dau tranh chdng am muu, thii doan lgi dung tin nguong, tdn giao ciia cac the Iuc thii djch hien nay. Theo dd, can
. Bdo ve nen tdng tU tudng ciia Vang dua cac boat ddng rin nguong, tdn giao di theo diing chinh sach, phap luat ciia Nha nudc; bao ve quygn tiJ do tdn giao, tin ngudng, ddng thai thuc hien tdt sir bao trg ciia Nha nudc ddi vai cae boat ddng tin nguong, tdn giao hpp phap;
ngan chan cac hanh vi vi ph^m phap luat, Igi dung tin ngudng, tdn giao dd chong pha each mang; tao didu kien thu^n lgi cho boat dgng tin nguong, tdn giao ciia nhan dan theo dung khudn kho cua phap luat; ti-en co sd do dau tranh lam thdt bai am muu, thu doan Igi dung tin nguang, tdn giao chdng pha each mang ciia cac thg lire thii dich.
Sdu Id, ddi mdi, ciing cd, hoan thien dpi ngu can bp lam cdng tac tin ngudng, tdn giao trong cac ca quan ciia Dang, Nha nude, Mat ti-an Td qude va cac doan thg tii Trung uong tdi dia phuong. Phan dinh r5 ea cau td chiic, chiic nang, nhiem vu, quygn ban eiia cae co quan trong quan ly hoat ddng Un nguong, tdn giao;
xay dung ca chd phdi hgp phat huy sice manh, hieu qua cdng tac. Hoan thien quy che, thuc hien tdt cdng tac quy hoach, bdi dudng, dao tao, luan chuyen, sir dung can bd theo hudng phat huy hdt kha nang, sd trudng, sd doan ciia can bd trong cdng tac tin nguang, tdn giao, gan vdi dam bao che dp uu dai, cd chinh saeh tdt vdi can bd de hg yen tam cdng tacG
<'> Nguyen Van Long, Chinh sdch. phdp ludt bdo ddm quyen tu do tin nguang, ton gido, http://tuyengiao, vn/nghien-cuu/ly-luan/chinh-sach-phap-luat-bao- dam-quyen-tu-do-tin-nguong-ton-giao-1! 6576, ngay 17/11/2018
"> C. Mac - Ph,Angghen Todn tap, t.20, Nxb Chinh tri qu6c gia, Ha Ngi, 1994, U.437-438
(3) va {A) YiQ Bijc Thiiy, Am muu chong phd Viet Nam ddng sau chieu bdi "lu do ton gido ", http://www.bi- enphongcom.vn/am-muu-chong-pha-viet-nam-dang- sau-chieu-bai-tu-do -ton-giao/
*^' Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Vdn kien Hpi nghi lan thie bdy Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang khoa IX, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, 2003
'*' Tnrong Minh Due, Mot so vdn de ly ludn vd thuc tien ve ddn Idc vd quan he ddn tpc a Tdy Nguyen, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia. Ha Noi, 2005
Khoa hpc chinh trj - So 5/2020
