Dao tao nguon nhan li/c:
C o n n h i e u v i e c p h a i l a m ThS. PHAM VINH THAI
Dai Phat thanh va Truyen hinh Binh Dinh Bdn canh nhffng kit qud da dat dddc, cdng tdc dao tao dd' phdt trid'n nguon nhdn Idc (NNL) nddc ta vin con nhilu bSft cdp cIn khdc phuc. Cd cdu nganh nghi va nhu clu nhdn Idc la nhufng thdng tin dinh hddng phat trien NNL dang rd't thid'u lam cho cdng tac dao t^o chang khac nao vda di vda do dddng...
NHCTNC BXT CAP
Theo sdli^u thd'ng ke ndm 2010, trong sd 20,1 tridu lao ddng da qua ddo tao trdn
tdng sd 48,8 tridu lao dpng dang ldm vide, thi chi cd 8,4 tridu ngifdi cd bkng cdp, chdng chi cua cdc cd sd ddo tao trong vd ngodi nudc. SdngUdi td 15 tudi trd Idn difpc ddo tao nghd vd chuydn mdn ky thudt rd't thd'p, chidm khodng 40%. Theo ddnh gid cua Ngdn hdng The gidi (WB), Vidt Nam dang rd't thid'u lao ddng cd trinh dd tay nghd, cdng nhdn ky thuat bac cao;
chd't li/dng NNL Vidt Nam cung thdp so vdi nhidu nifdc khdc. Nd'u Id'y thang diem 10 thi chd't lifdng nhdn lUc cua Viet Nam chi dat 3,79 didm (xdp thd 11/12 nifdc chdu A tham gia xdp hang^cQa WB) trong khi Hdn Qudc Id 6,91; An Dd Id 5,76;
Malaysia Id 5,59; Thdi Lan Id 4,94.
Mdt trong nhffng va'n dd cd ban gay ndn bdt cdp dd Id thieu gdn ket gida cdng tdc ddo (go vd nhu cdu thtjCc te've sd dying NNL. Trong dd cd nhidu va'n de bffc xuc nhff; cd cd'u ddo tao bd't hdp ly; diie'u sff gdn kd't giffa ddo tao vd sff dung; cha't Iffpng ddo tao khdng ddp ffng dffdc nhu cdu cda ngffdi sff dung... Cd ca'u ddo tao bdt hpp 1^ thd hidn u-dn cd ba mdt: cd cd'u cap ddo tao, cd cdu ngdnh nghd ddo tao vd cd cd'u viing midn trong ddo t^o. Cd cd'u ddo tao hidn cdn bd't hpp ly dffpc thd hidn qua cdc ty Ip: dai hpc vd tren dai hpc Id I, mmg hpc chuydn nghidp Id 1,3 vd cdng nhdn ky thudt Id 0,92; trong khi trdn thd gidi, ty Id ndy Id 1-4-10. Ca cdu ngdnh nghe ddo tao cung the hidn SI/ bd't hpp 1^. cd sff md't can dd'i khd
Idn ve nganh nghd dao tao. Hidn nay trong cd cau ddo tao dai hpc cua Vidt Nam, so bpc vien theo hpc cdc khdi nganh ludt, kinh te' rat Idn, it chu trpng ddn cdc ngdnh didn tff, ky thuat, cdc ITnh vffc cdng nghd mdi, u-ong khi nhu cau ky sff ciia cdc nganh ndy rat Idn. Da sd cdc trffdng day nghd deu cd xu hffdng tap trung ddo tao cdc nganh nghe phd bid'n, nhU: kd todn, tin hpc ffng dung, ngoai ngff, md it chii trpng vide ddo tao cdng nhan ky thudt, cdng nhan cd khi, sffa chffa... Dieu nay dan tdi cd nhihig ngdnh thffa rat nhieu lao ddng, nhung cd nhffng ngdnh lai thid'u tram Upng.
Ca cd'u vCing mien cung the hidn sU bat hpp ly. Sff khdc nhau ve dieu kidn phdt trien kinh te' - xa hdi la nguyen nhdn dan tdi sff bat hpp ly cua cd cd'u ddo tao dieo vung mien. Hidn nay, cdc cd sd gido due dai hpc vd day nghd chi mdi tap trung d mdt sd trung tdm kinh td', vdn hda Idn, chffa phdt trien d cac tinh, dia phUdng.
Didu nay gay ndn sff thid'u hut nghiem trpng ve lao ddng cd tay nghe d nhffng vimg kinh td kem phdt trien.
Economy and Forecasi Review
MGHIEN ecru - TRAO DOI
Phi/dng phap giang day ddng vai trd vd cung quan trong, anh hUdng trUc tid'p dd'n chat lUdng va hidu qua dao tao. Nd khdng chi la phUdng ^hap truyen dat, md cdn bao gom cd qua trinh phat trie'n tu duy, each phdt hidn vd giai quyet van de. Tuy nhidn, hidn nay vide Ida ebon phUdng phdp dao tao, cdch thdc giang day van cdn nhieu khid'm khuye't. Phddng phdp giang day truyen thdng vdi nhffng ddc trdng: quy mo Idp Idn, chu ydu la thdng tin mdt chieu tff gidng vien dd'n hoe vidn...
dang dffdc dp dung phd bidn hidn nay. Dieu nay da ban che tinh tich cffc va sdng tao cua hoc vien. Phffdng phdp ddo tao hidn dai vdi dae trdng la sff dung cdc bai giang ngan, kd't hdp vdi cdc bai tap tinh hudng, thao luan nhdm, bdi tap md phdng, bdi tdp ddng vai... nham khuyd'n khich tinh chii ddng sang tao cua hoe vidn it dffdc sff dung bode nd'u sff dung thi tinh thuan thuc va hidu qua chUa cao.
KIEN NGHj GIAI PHAP
TrUdc het, doanh nghiep can lien kd't vdi cac diTdng day nghd trong vide cung ufng lao ddng, cung cd'p thdng
tin ddo tao bdm sat vdo nhu cau thffc td' ciia doanh nghidp. Nhd trffdng va doanh nghiep deu can cd mdt he thdng thdng tin vd thi trffdng lao ddng, nhffng nhdn dinh ddnh gid dinh ky vd cd ca'u dao tao, nhu cau vide lam vd nhffng chinh sdch cua Nha nffdc dd'i vdi hoc sinh hpc nghe nham khuyd'n khich va phdn ludng hpc sinh sau khi td't nghidp trung bpc cd sd. Da sd cdc doanh nghidp deu mudn tao dieu kidn cho hpc sinh nghe dddc thffc hdnh thUe td tai doanh nghidp.
Tff tiiffc tddd, Nha nffdc cd tiid nghidn cffu tiianh Idp mdt CP quan didu phdi chung vd phdt trien nhdn Iffc.
Sff lidn kd't se dat dffpc hidu qua cao va thid't thffc khi doanh nghidp va cP sd day nghe ed lien kd't trong vide ddt hdng ddo tao, cung ffng lao dpng cd cha't lUdng va sU phdi hpp trong cdng tac dao tao tff hai phia. Ngffdi hpc nghe, hpc ly thuyet vdi thdng tai trffdng, sau dd thUe hdnh tai doanh nghidp mdt vai tiidng theo chffdng trinh ludn phidn. Cd the day la md hinh khd titi va ed hidu qud nhd't hidn nay. nffdc can cd quy dinh bdt budc cam kd't phdi hdp vdi cdc ed sd day nghe dd cung tham gia dao tao NNL cho doanh nghidp vd cho xd hdi. Doanh nghidp phai trich lap quy hd Hai Id, trong thu tuc thanh lap doanh nghidp, Nha
trd hpc nghe. Cac khodn chi cho dao t^o Iffc Iffdng lao ddng va nghien cffU khoa hpc dupc tinh la chi phi san xua't hdp 1^.
Ba Id, can xdc dinh dUdc khung chffdng dinh dao tao, cd chat lupng phu hdp vdi nhu cau xa hdi vd cac doanh nghidp. Han chd vide dao tao Wi phdt, khdng ddm bdo chat lupng, gay finh d-ang "thffa - thidu"
lao dpng va gia tang tiid't nghidp. Tao sff ddng bp giffa boat ddng hffdng nghidp, mydn sinh, ddo tao, thdc hdnh vdi nhu cau sff dung lao ddng ngan ban, trung han vd dai ban cua cac doanh nghidp cung nhu nha trUdng,
Bdn Id, thffdng xuyen gido due chinh tri, dnydn thd'ng, ly tUdng vd dao dffc cdch mang cho thanh nidn. Khuyd'n khich thanh nidn tff hpc, tu nang cao tay nghe, tff tao vide ldm. Chii trpng bdi dffdng tao ngudn can bp, ddo tao thanh nidn trong Iffc Iffpng vQ tt-ang de khi hdt tiidi ban nghia vu quan sff da cd nghd. Tao didu kidn, cd hdi cho thanh nidn cd tai ndng di hpc d nffdc ngoai ve phuc vu da't nffdc.
De nang cao chd't Iffpng NNL d-d, gidi phap vffa cd ban, vffa cap bdeh Id phdt trien, ddi mdi, nang cao chat Iffdng gido due - dao tao mdt cdch toan didn. Gdn kd't gido due va day nghd vdi nghien cffu khoa hpc, cdng nghd va bam sdt, thdm ehi di drfdc mdt bffdc ydu cdu phdt trien kinh te dd't nude, nhu cau tiii trffdng, sff phdt trien cua doanh nghidp. Trong dd, cbu d-png hai linh vffc la md rdng dao tao cdng nhan, ky thuat vien, nhan vien nghidp vu vd ddo tao dai hpc, trdn dai hpc. Doi mdi phffdng phap day vd hpc, phat huy tff duy sdng tao ciia ngUdi hpc. Doi mdi chUPng trtnh ddo tao dai bpc, doing hpc chuyen nghidp vd day nghe titidt tiiUc, hidn dai. Can quan tam vide d-ang bi kid'n thffc tm hpc, ngoai ngff cho smh vien. Id nhiing cdng cu de cd tiie tid'p can nhanh vdi xa hdi, tiie gidi, tham gia vao qud trtnh hdi nhap kinh td mdt each nhanh chdng va hidu qud.G TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Sd Ngoai vu tiianh phd Da Nang (30/9/2011). Nguon nhdn lUc Viet Nam: ThUc trgng vd gidi phdp, truy cap tff:
littp://www.fad.danang.gov.vn/default.aspx?id_NgonNgu=VN&id_ThucDon_
Sub=200&TmChmh=0&id_TinTue=1959&TrangThai=BanTm
2. Tran Anh Tud'n, Bdo Sdi gdn gidi phdng (30/11/2012). Chdt lU0ig ngudn nhdn luc phdi gdn lien vdi hieu qud sddung. Truy cap tff: http://www.sggp.org.vn/laodongvieelam/2012/11/305528/
3. Trung tam hd fip ddo tao vd cung ffng nhdn Iffc, Bd Gido due vd Ddo tao (22/6/2010). Ngudn nhdn luc Viet Nam hien nay, truy cdp tif: http://tsc.edu.vn/Pages/ArticleDetail.aspx?siteid=l&sitepa geid=48&articleid= 136
38 Kinh vd Di; Uo
