Khoa hgc Xa hgi va Nhan van i
Hien trang ki^n thirc, nhan thirc, thai do va hanh vi cua hoc sinh trung hoc pho thong ve tieu diing ben virng
Bang Thi Thanh LI'*, Nguyin Ky Phung^ To Thi Hiln^ Nguyen Thi Thu Hien^ Huynh Ngoc Thiiy An^
'Trieang Dai hoc Khoa hQC Tu nhien, Bai hoc Quoc gia TP Ho Chi Minh -Vien Khoa hoc vd Cong nghe Tinh toan
^Trumg Dgi hoc Tdi nguyen vdMoi truong TP Ho Chi Mmh
Ngay nhan bai 8/1/2020; ngay chuygn phan bien 13/1/2020; ngay nhan phan bien 20/2/2020; ngay chap nhan dang 28/2/2020
Tom tdt:
Sy phat trien kinh te da gay ra nhilu tac dong tieu eye den mdi truong, lam can Itien dSn cac nguQn tai nguyin. Bilu do da trd thanh van de toan c5u, va tieu diing ben vung (TDBV) chinh la mdt trong nhirng bien phap tot nhat dl giai quyet van de dat ra. Nghien ciiii nay da tien hanh khao sat danh gia doi voi 1102 hoc sinh tai 24 trudng trung hoc phd thong (THPT) thudc khu vuc noi thanh hien huu, npi thanh phat trien va ngoai thanh TP H6 Chi Minh (TP HCM) nham danh gia hien trang kiln thuc, nhan thuc, thai dp va hanh vi ciia hpc sinh vl nhiing khia canh cua TDBV. Kit qua nghien ciru cho thay kien thuc ciia hoc sinh ve TDBV van cdn nhieu han chi; nhan thirc, thdi dp, hanh vi cua hoc sinh d muc tuong doi tot chilm ty le cao. Nhan thirc TDBV cua hpc sinh thuoc ba khu vuc u muc tirffng doi tot, da so hoc sinh khu vyc npi thanh co nhan thirc chua tot chiem ty le cao hon khu vyc ngoai thanh. Kien thuc, thai dp cua hpc sinh khu vyc npi thanh hien hiru ve TDBV tdt hon khu vyc npi thanh phat trien va ngoai thanh. Tuy nhien, hanh vi tieu dung ciia hpc sinh khu vyc ngoai thanh is muc tot chiem ty 11 cao nhat trong ba khu vyc. Bin canh do, kit qua kiem dinh sy khac biet hanh vi tilu diing giira gim tinh cho thay gidi tinh cua hpc sinh THPT khdng anh hudng den hanh vi tieu diing.
Tie khoa: hanh vi tieu diing ben vung, hpc sinh trung hpc pho thong TP HCM, tieu dung ben vii'ng.
Chisd phan loai: 5.4
Gidi thieu
Ngay nay, nhu cau tieu dung cua con ngudi dang gia tang vdi toe dp rat nhanh. Dieu nay da va dang gay ra nhieu van de: thieu hut ngudn nhien lieu, tang lugng rac phat thai va tang su dung dat... Nhirng van de nay tac ddng rat Idn den mdi trudng, chiing ta can nhan thiic dupe nhiing hanh ddng tieu dimg, mua sam, sir dung tai nguyen ciing nhu phat thai hang ngay cua minh. Khi do, chiing ta se co trach nhiem hon vdi moi hanh ddng va quyet dinh ciia ban than.
Nhimg nghien ciiu gan day chi ra rang, hanh ddng cua con ngudi la mot trong nhiing nguyen nhan true tiep gay nen cac van de mdi trudng, dac biet la cac hoat ddng san xuat va tieu diing. Chinh vi vay, trong thdi gian vira qua, san xuat va TDBV la mot trong nhiing gjai phap quan trong nhan dugc sir quan tam sau sac tir cdng ddng Viet Nam va the gidi. TDBV nghTa la viec mua nhung hang hda va djch vu khdng gay tdn hai den mdi trudng, xa hdi va kinh te [ I ].
Hien nay tren the gidi cd rat nhieu nghien cifu ve TDBV, nhieu nghien cihi da dugc tien hanh nham xac dinh cac yeu td quyet dinh den hanh vi TDBV va mdi lien ket giira san xuat va TDBV. Hanh vi cua ngudi tieu diing dai dien cho tac ddng ciia xa hoi ddi vdi mdi trudng, hieu dugc hanh vi
cua ngudi tieu dung la dieu kien tien quyet de khuyen khich hanh vi tieu dimg than thien vdi mdi trudng vit thiic day hanh vi TDBV. Viec thay ddi hanh vi cua ngudi tieu dimg la mot nhiem vu het siic phirc tap va khd khan [2]. Cd mdt ket ndi quan trpng giiia cac dac diem kinh te - xa hdi, nhan khau hpc cita ngudi tieu diing va hanh vi tieu dung cd trach nhiem vdi xa hdi. Mirc dp giao due se nang cao tinh than trach nhiem xa hoi ciia ngudi tieu dimg ma cudi ciing se nang cao hanh vi than thien vdi mdi trudng [3].
Cd kha nhieu yeu td anh hudng den hanh vi tieu dimg ciing nhu tac ddng Ien y dinh TDBV. Nhan thirc, thai dp, chuan muc xa hdi la nhung tac nhan cliinh anh hudng den hanh vi tieu diing ciia ddi tugng thanh men dp tudi tir IS- IS, ngoai ra sir giao due tir gia dinh dugc coi la yeu td quan trong va quyet dinh nhat ddi vdi nhan thii'c va thai dp TDBV cua ddi tuong tieu diing tre tudi nay [4]. Thai dp la nhiing yen td du doan tdt hon ve hanh vi than thien mdi trudng so vdi cac bien sd khac [5, 6]. Niem tin ciia ngudi tieu dimg hinh thanh thai do sir dung san pham va thiic day hanh vi tieu dung [7], ben canh dd, suy nghi, cam xiic cua ngudi tieu diing ciing se anh hudng den hanh vi [8].
Ve mdi quan he giiia gidi tinh va thai dd tieu dimg.
''tacgid lien he- Emad: dllle@licmiis edu vi
HOA HOC
BM6ii6HiVifflNam , 62(4) 4.2020 23
Current status of knowledge, awareness, attitudes and behaviours of liigh school students on sustainable consumption
Thi Thanh Le Dang'*, Ky Phung Nguyen^, Thi Hien To', Thi Thu Hien Nguyen^, Ngoc Thuy An Huynh^
'University of Science, Vielnam National University. Ho Chi Minh city 'Institute for Computational Science and Technology
^University of Natural Resources and Environment, Ho Chi Mmh city Received 8 January 2020; accepteci 28 February 2020 Abstract:
.The development of the economy has caused many Fnegative impacts on the environment. Environmental pollution is increasingly severe, the resources are Igradually exhausted, and energy is increasingly pcarce. These have become a global issue in which
"sustainable consumption is one of the best measures to solve that problem. The research has conducted a survey to assess the status quo (knowledge, awareness,
^attitudes, behaviours) of 1102 students from 24 high [ schools in urban and suburban areas in Ho Chi Minh ' city by multiple choice and self-eentered questions
about sustainable consumption. Assessment results Pshowed that, the awareness, attitudes and behaviours Fof sustainable consumption of students were at a Relatively good level with high results. Awareness of sustainable consumption of students in three areas was ''relatively good; meanwhile, the majority of students in urban areas who did not have a good awareness, accounted for a higher proportion than in suburban areas. Current students' knowledge and attitudes in urban areas about sustainable consumption were better than those in developed and suburban areas. However, the consumption behaviour of students in the suburban areas at a good level accounted for the highest rate among the three areas. In addition, the results of testing the consumption behaviour difference between sexes showed that students' gender did not affect consumption behaviour.
Keywords: high school students in Ho Chi Minh city, sustainable consumer behaviour, sustainable consumption.
Classification number: 5.4
khong CO su phan biet gidi tinh trong thai dp ddi vdi moi tnidng va mua sam san ph4m xanh [9, 10]. Cac yiu td anh hudng den thai dp va hanh vi tieu dimg cac san pham xanh cua fhg he tudi tij 18-25 gdm ca 3 ygu td (xa hoi, nhan thiic vg mdi trudng, gia ca) va cd su khac biet trong hanh vi tieu diing cac san phim xanh giiia nam va nir (nam cd xu hudng it than thien mdi truong hon nir) [11].
Viet Nam da xay dung k^ hoach hanh ddng qudc gia ve san xuat va TDBV (SX&TDBV), vdi muc tieu tdng quat la giam cudng do sir dung nguyen vat lieu va nang lugng trong he thdng san xuat va tieu diing (bang each nang cao hieu qua sir dung). Tdi uu hda be thdng san xuat va tieu dung (thay the nguyen lieu dau vao, quy trinh, san pham, djch vu va nhu cau) de khdng ngirng cai thien chat lugng cude sdng.
Xay dung ke hoach dao tao, cac chinh sach dieu phdi va cac boat ddng thuc day qua trinh chuyen dich sang SX&TDBV, gdp phan phat trien ben vung dSt nude. O nhirng khu vuc dd thi Idn, TDBV dang la mdi quan tam hang dau cua cac nha hoach dinh chinh sach, dac biet la TP HCM - trung tam kinh te cua ca nude, cd toe do tang trudng kinh te cao, dang phai ddi mat vdi ap lire Idn ve d nhiem mdi tnrdng, can kiet tai nguyen thien nhien, bien doi khi hau toan cau...
Viec nghien ciru cac hanh vi tac ddng den y dinh tieu diing cita con ngudi da dugc thuc hien rong rai tren the gidi, d Viet Nam ciing da cd nhieu chuyen gia thuc hien cac de tai hen quan. Tuy nhien, hau het cac nghien ciiu nay deu dugc thuc hien tren nhiing ngudi da trudng thanh, da cd thu nhap... ma rat it de tai nghien ciru ve hanh vi tac dong cua hpc sinh - the he tuong lai ciia dat nude. Dac biet, hpc sinh trung hpc lit ddi tugng tre, nang ddng, sang tao, co kha nang tim tdi, tiep nhan va lan toa thong tin tdt den cdng ddng.
Viec cung cap cho hpc sinh trung hpc nhirng kien thirc ca ban cd lien quan den TDBV, ciing nhu mdi quan he tac ddng qua lai giu'a thoi quen tieu dimg, mdi trudng va sire khde trong sinh hoat hang ngay se gdp phan hinh thanh d hp y thiic, thai do va hanh vi diing dan ve TDBV. Vi vay viec tuyen truyen, giao due nang cao nhan thirc ve TDBV cho ddi tugng nay la van de cap thiet, cd tac dung rpng Idn, sau sac va ben viing. De dua ra cac giai phap giao due hieu qua, chiing ta can biet dugc hien trang kien thirc, nhan thiic, thai dd, hanh vi tieu dimg cua hgc sinh. Dd chinh la muc tieu ciia nghien cim nity.
Pliiloing phap nghien ciiti Ddi tieffng vdpham vi nghien cmi
Ddi tugng nghien ciiu la kien thuc, nhan thii'c, thai dp va hanh vi ciia hpc sinh THPT tai cac trudng tren dia ban TP HCM.
Pham vi nghien ciru: de tai da tiSn hanh khao sat 24 trudng THPT tren dia ban TP HCM, vi tri cac tnrdng dugc tha hien trong ban dd hinh 1.
csNG NGHE Viet Nam
62(4) 4.2020 24Khoa hoc Xa hgi va Nhan van i
Hinh 1. Ban do the hien vj tri cac truing THPT trong nghien cuu
tien trong qua trinh xii ly cung nhu phuc vu cho viec danh gia kien thirc, nhan thiic, thai dp, hanh vi, nghien ciiu se tien hanh chuan hda (cho diem) cho mdi van de trpng tam. Moi cau hoi cd mdt dac tnmg dap an dung, sai khac nhau, dua vao cau tra ldl ciia mdi hpc sinh ta cd the xac dinh va phan biet dugc kien thiic, nhan thiic, thai dp va hanh vi ciia timg ddi hrpng. Ket qua khao sat duoc thdng ke phuc vu cho viec danh gia hien trang kien thiic, nhan thiic, thai dp, hanh vi cua hpc sinh.
Ket qua nghien cuU
Ddnh gid kiin thiec vi TDBV cua hoc sinh THPT Kien thuc ciia hpc sinh dugc danh gia thdng qua phieu khao sat, sau do chuan hda va phan chia thanh 3 miic do: tdt, tuong ddi tdt va chua tdt.
Trong pham vi bai nghien cim, kien thiic dugc hdi trong phieu khao sat danh cho hgc sinh dugc tien hitnh dudi 6 gdc dp- kien thiic chung vh TDBV, nang lugng, san pham xanh, du lich ben vung, dd thi ben vimg va han che phat thai.
Ket qua khao sat ve kien thiic lien quan den cac khia canh TDBV ciia hpc sinh THPT dupe th6 hien d hinh 2.
Phuong phap nghien cim
Phuang phap dieu tra xa hoi hpc duoc thuc hien thdng qua phiSu kliao sat tham do y kign hoc smh tai cac trudng THPT d TP HCM.
Viec khao sat hien trang dugc thuc hien thdng qua bp cau hdi trac nghiem vdi ngi dung theo md hinh KAP (kien thiic, thai dp va hanh vi). Cau hdi thiet ke dupe van dung linh hoat de phii hgp vdi ndi dung hdi va phuong phap thong ke, bao gdm cau hdi ddng mot lira chpn, cau hdi ddng nhieu lira chpn, cau hdi md, cau hdi nira ddng niia md, cau hdi phan ddi, cau hdi nhieu lira chgn va cau hdi thang bac [12]. Ndi dung xoay quanh cac van de ve TDBV.
Nghien ciiu ap dung phuang phap ngau nhien phan tang de tinh toan kich thudc mau. Mau nghien cim dugc xac dinh thdng qua viec phan tang dua vao hai tieu chi: vanh dai khu vuc phan thanh ngi thanh hien huu, ngi thanh phat trien, ngoai thanh vit xep hang trudng dua vao diem tuyen sinh 3 nam gan nhat.
Cdng thiic Linus Yamane ap dung chung cho viec tinh quy mo mau [13]:
N n — —
1 + A' * e '
Trong do: n la quy md mau dieu tra; N la sd lugng hoc sinh ciia cac trudng; e la miic do sai lech (e=0,I).
Phuang phap xie ly so lieu
Sir dung phan mem MS-Excel va SPSS 20 (Chi - square, T - test) de xu ly so lieu thu thap dupe thdng qua phieu khao sat Ket qua dieu tra se dugc thdng ke phuc vu danh gia kien thiic, nhan thiic, thai do, hanh vi TDBV cua hgc sinli THPT. De thuan
Hinh 2. Kien thuc ve TDBV cua hoc sinh.
Ve kien thiic TDBV ciia cac em hpc smh, cd den 77,40%
hpc sinh d mirc chua tdt, 20,33% d miic tuong ddi tdt va chi 2,27% cd kien thuc tdt Ket qua nay chi ra rang, kien thiic ve TDBV ciia hpc sinh cdn nhieu han che, nhung han che ve kien tliiic ciia hgc sinh phan \an nam d van de hen quan den kiSn thirc ve khai niem TDBV, san pham xanh, du lich ben viing, tang tnrdng xanh, do thi ben vung. Ket qua nay cung tuong ddng vdi ket qua nghien ciiu ciia SharifahA. Haron va cs [14], nhung ngudi tham gia khao sat tra Idi ve nhung kien thiic mdi tru'dng CO ban hoac van de chung thi cd ty le cao, tuy nhien khi duoc hdi ve cac thuat ngii hen khoa hpc khac nhau, phan Idn nhirng ngudi dugc hdi cdn xa la vdi hau het nhung thuat ngCr dugc dua ra khao sat.
Ddnh gid nhan thu'c ve TDBV cua hoc sinh THPT De danh gia dugc nhan thiic ciia hgc sinh ve van de TDBV, nghien cim da tien hanh khao sat dua tren sir nhan dinh ciia hgc sinh ve vai tro ciia TDBV; nhiing mdi quan tam hien nay va van de mdi truong tai noi sinh sdng ciia hpc sinh bao gdm
KHOA HOC
IWNGR , 62(4) 4.2020 25
siic khde, van hda, dao diic xa hdi, giao due, mdi trudng, kinh te - thu nhap ca nhan; va nhiing quan diem ciia hpc sinh ve cac nhan dinh lien quan den hanh vi tieu dung. Ket qua khao sat nhan thiic ciia hoc sinh dugc the hien d hinh 3.
Hinh 3. Nhan thuc v l TDBV cua hoc sinh.
i .
Ket qua khao sat nhan thtic ve TDBV ciia hpc sinh cho thay 77,5% CO nhan thitc d raitc tuong ddi tot, 13,43% co mirc nhan thuc tdt va 9,07% cd nhan thiic chua tdt, ben canh do van de ma cac em quan tam nhieu nhat hien nay la sire khde va theo sau do la van de mdi tnrdng.
JLDdnh gid thdi do vi TDBV ciia hoc sinh THPT De tun hieu thai dp cua hpc sinh tren dia ban TP HCM ddi vdi TDBV, de tai da dua cac van de, sir kien lien quan den TDBV vao khao sat. Ket qua cho thay hpc sinh cd thai dO d mure tuong ddi tdt la 63,34%, tdt la 22,87%, chua tdt la 13,79%!. Dii heu ket qua danh gia thai dp ve TDBV ciia hgc sinh dugc the hien d hinh 4.
• Tuang doi tot
• Chua tdt
Hinh 4. Thai do ve TDBV cua hoc sinh.
Thai dp cd the hi anh hudng bdi nhan thiic ciia con ngudi, ben canh dd thai do ciia ngudi dupe khao sat con bi tac ddng nhieu bdi nhan thiic ciia hg, neu mirc dp nhan thiic cao cdng vdi kien thiic mdi trudng cao se cho mot thai dp tich cue ciia ngudi dugc hdi, va dieu nay co the cd dugc la tir gia dinh, giao vien, phuong tien tniyen thdng va giao trinh hpc ve mdi trudng cua hgc sinh tai tmdng [15]. Trong pham vi nghien ciru, nhan
thiic v6 TDBV ciia cac em hoc smh tuong ddi tdt chimin, ly le cao da tac ddng tich cue dgn thai dp ciia cac em vk vSn de nay.
Banh gid hanh vi vi TDBV cua hoc sir THFT Bk biet vS hanh vi ciia hpc sinh ddi v - ' '^' ^'"^ TDBV, de tai da dua ra cac hanh vi thudc 5 linh vuc, iiha a - nang lugng;
phuang tien; hang tieu dimg - mua sSm; tieu diing thuc pham;
thdi gian ranh. Cac hanh vi se dupe hpc sinli lira chpn vdi 3 miic do sau: thudng xuyen lam, thinh thoang lani, khdng lam.
HSu het cac ylu td anh hudng dSn hanh vi cd the dugc phan thanh hai loai khac nhau - cac y6u td lien quan den ca nhan va lien quan dSn bdi canh/tinh hudng. Cac yk\x td ca nhan bao g6m thai dp, gia tri, dac diem nhan khau hpc va cac bien sd khac anh hudng den viec ra quyit dinh va hanh vi ciia ngudi tieu dimg;
cac yeu td bdi canh/tiidi hudng lien quan den cac yeu td ben ngoai cd the anh hudng d6n TDBV theo hudng tich circ hoac tieu cue [16]. Ddi vdi hpc smh THPT, viec tieu dung ciia cac em cdn phu thuoc vao gia dinh ciing nhu bdi canh ca nhan, khi dugc hdi ve viec ti§u dung hang ngay xoay quanh cac chii de nang lugng, thuc pham, hang tieu dung, phuang tien va nang lugng, da sd cac em deu cd khuynh hudng tieu diing d miic tuong ddi tdt, cu the 29,67% hgc sinh o miic dp tdt, 66,79%
d miic dg tuong doi tdt va 3,54% d miic dp chua tdt (hinh 5).
• T 6 t
• Tiroiig doi tot
• Chua tdt
Hinh S. Hanh vi ve TDBV cua hoc sinh.
Moi lien he giira kien thiec, nhan thirc, thai dp va hanh vi TDBV cua hoc sinh THPT
Di Iam tien de cho viec nang cao nhan thiic vit hanh vi TDBV ciia hgc sinh THPT, dl tai da rien hanh kilm tra moi li6n he giiia cac yeu td kien thiic, nhan thiic, thai dp ddi vdi hanh vi ciia hpc sinh THPT vl TDBV.
Ket qua kiem dinh Chi hmh phuong giua kiln thiic vl TDBV va hanh vi JDBV cho thIy p-value (sig.)=0,006<0,05, chiing td rang kiln thirc khdng cd mdi lien he vdi haiih vi TDBV, kiln thiic cd the khdng phai la mdi quan tam chinh trong viec nang cao nhan thiic cua hgc sinh bdi vi nd da chi ra r§ng chi cd miic do kien thirc rat thap mdi cd thi can trd cac hanh vi than thien moi trudng [17].
Kit qua kiem dinh Chi binh phuang giiia nhan thirc ddi vdi TDBV va hanh vi TDBV cho thay p-value (sig.)=0.()0<0,05.
KHOA HOC
&NGNGHEVK , 62(4) 4.2020 26
Khoa hoc Xa hgi va Nhan van i
Nhan thiic cd lien quan manh me din y dmh thuc hien hanh vi [18].
Ket qua xem xet mdi quan he giiia thai do ve TDBV va hanh vi TDBV cho thky p-value (sig.)=0,00<0,5, chiing td thai do cd tac ddng dang kl din viec thuc hien hanh vi [19],
Nhu vay, nhan thiic va thai do cd tac ddng den hanh vi cua hpc sinh THPT va hanh vi TDBV ciia hpc smh khdng bi anh hudng bdi kiln thiic.
Kiem dinh su khde biet ve hanh vi tieu diing theo gidi tinh Kiem dinh T-test dugc dung de kilm dmh su khac biet vl cac yeu td anh hudng hanh vi theo gidi rinh. Trudc hit Idlm dinh su dong nhat ve phuang sai giiia gidi rinh nam va gidi tinh nir vdi gia thuyet:
H^: Khdng cd su khac biet phuong sai giua nhdm gidi tinh nam va nhdm gidi tinh nil.
H|: Cd sir khac biet phucmg sai giiia nhom gidi tmh nam va nhdm gidi tinh nii.
Trong kiem dinh Levene ve phuong sai bang nhau, p-value sig.=0,15>0,05 nen ta ch^p nhan gia thuylt H^, nghia la cd su dong nhat ve phuang sai ciia 2 nhom bien nay Do do tac gia su dung ket qua d phan gia dinh phuong sai bang nhau cho kilm dinh t vdi gia thuyet:
E^: Khdng co su khac biet hanh vi giua hai gidi tinh.
H,: Cd su khac biet ve hanh vi giiia hai gidi tinh.
Ket qua kiem dinh t man ddc lap cho gia tri Sig.=0,316>0,05, cho thay khdng cd su khac biet ve hanh vi TDBV giiia hai gidi tinh nam va nii cua hoc smh THPT. Kit qua nay phii hgp vdi kit qua nghien cuu cua Tan Booi Chen & Lau Teck Chai [9]
khi nghien cim ve su khac biet giiia gidi tinh ddi vdi thai dp va hanh vi tieu diing.
Ket luan
Thdng qua viec dieu tra khao sat cac em hpc sinh THPT, de tai da phan tich ve kien thiic, nhan thiic, thai dp va hanh vi cua cac em vl TDBV. Ket qua phan tich, danh gia hien trang ve TDBV cua hoc sinh cho thay kien thiic ciia cac em chua tot (77,40%), nhan thtic ciia cac em ve TDBV tuong ddi tdt (77,5%), thai dp ciia cac em la tuong ddi tich cue (63,34%>), hanh vi tieu dung ciia cac em la tucmg ddi tdt (66,79%). Haiih vi rieu dimg ciia hoc sinh THPT bi anh hudng bdi nhan thitc va thai do, khdng bi anh hudng bdi kien thirc. Ben canh dd nghien cihi cung chi ra rang, khdng cd su khac biSt giiia gidi tinh ddi vdi hanh vi tieu dung.
Viec phan tich, danh gia hien trang kien thirc, nhan thiic, thai dd, hanh vi ve TDBV ciia hgc sinh se la bang chiing cho nhiing nghien ciiu ve cac yen td anh hudng den hanh vi tieu dung cita hoc sinh, ddng thdi la co sd cho viec xay dung cac giai phap nham nang cao nhan thiic cua hgc smh THPT vl TDBV.
TAI IIEU THAM KHAO
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