DIJN DAN KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHE
A A A A
VE MOT SO B P PHAP KY THUiST AN TOAN CHO HAM DUONG XE CO Gidi NUT GIAO THONG OiSI CO VIET - KIM LIEN (HA NOI).
DO THUY OANG 0912763260,
1. Dat van de:
He thdng ham dudng bp niit giao thdng Oai Co Viet - Kim Lien - Giai Phdng (Ha Ndi) gdm nhieu dudng ham giao thdng khac nhau. Trac dd dpc mdi dudng ham thanh phan deu gdm 3 doan; cae doan dau dudng dan deu la eae doan eong Idi chdng nUdc tren mat tran xudng, cdn doan giUa deu la dUdng vdng xudng. Trong sd cac dUdng ham dd, quan trpng nhat la dudng ham 2 lan dudng xe cd gidi ed hanh lang eho ngUdi di bp (gpi tat la ham dudng dtd) Oai c d Viet - Kim Lien. Cho nen d day, chimg ta chi ban ve 1 sd bien phap ky thuat an toan cho ham dudng d td nay.
Ngay sau khi thdng xe ky thuat dudng ham dtd nay (7 gid sang ngay 16/6/2009); mdt mat chimg ta cd the thay ngay: day la mot dudng ham xe ed gidi thupe vanh dai giao thdng 1 ciia thii dd, ed nhieu Uu diem: dep, ed quy mo Idn va c6 kha nang g6p phan hien dai hda Thii dd; nhUng mat khac chiingta cGng ed the tha'y ngay thiet ke dudng ham nay van edn 1 sd diem chua hpp ly; can sdm khac phuc, de nang eao hieu qua kinh te, ky thuat va an toan eho qua trinh sd dung ham lau dai.
Dudi day ehiing ta ke't hpp phan tfch 1 sd nhupe diem tdn tai vdi xay dUng nhUng phUdng an khac phuc chimg theo djnh hudng nhiet ddi hoa dae tfnh eua dudng ham, de han che anh hUdng xau eiia thdi tiet nhiet ddi gid miia, nang eao dp an toan eho cac phUdng tien cd gidi lUu thdng qua dudng ham va dam bao tiet kiem chi phf sir dung dudng ham .
2. Mot so dac tinh ky thuat chua phu hdp:
2.1 - Cac dudng din xudng ham, cac tudng chan dat ben canh chung vi cdng tac thoat nudc cho dudng ham:
Khi trac dd dpc phan cd ban eiia dudng ham la dudng vdng xudng, ma cac doan dudng d i n xudng vda dai vda rpng, lai d trong tinh trang lp thien nhU cac doan dudng din ciia ham dUdng xe dtd Oai Cd Viet - Kim lien, se c6 ea nhi/ng Uu diem va nhupe diem;
Trong dd, nhifng Uu diem dang ke nhat la:
+ Giam thieu dupe chieu dai doan ham c6 n6e.
+ Giam lupng vdn dau tU xay dUng eO ban de lam ket eau ndc eho doan dudng dan xudng ham.
+ Giam sdc can ludng gid qua ham.
+ Tan dung tdi da kha nang ehieu sang tU nhien
Hinh 1: Hinh anh dudng d§n 16 thien, giai phan each gida 2 lan dudng xe ca gidi va cac quat thong gid eudng bde
treo dudi tran ham [1].
cho dudng ham.
Cdn nhCfng nhupe diem dang ke nhat la:
+ Chi phi lien quan den cae tudng chan ben canh cac dudng d i n deu rat eao: Thir nhat, ket eau khong c6 cac phan lUc hudng ra ngoai n i m tren eao, cho nen chi phi xay dUng phai eao hdn. Thit hai, phai si^
dung vat lieu trd de xay dung, eho nen rait khd phuc hdi sUcan bing mdi trudng vi khi hau; ngay ning se cang chdi chang han, ngay mua se cang ddn nhieu nudc vao Idng ham han.
+ Nudc ta n i m trong viing nhiet ddi gid miia, cho nen ca vu lupng binh quan hang nam, vu lUdng binh quan hang gid eiia mdi tran mua, thdi gian dien ra mdi tran mUa va thdi gian gian each giua 2 tran mifa lien tiep deu ed sU bien ddi rat Idn ve bien dp va tan suat. HPn nUa trong tinh trang mdi trudng trai dat NGl/dl X A Y Dl/NG s d THANG 7 - 2009
suy thoai manh nhu hien nay, sU bien ddi nay lai cang cd dau hieu bat thudng hdn. Day chac c h i n se gay bat Ipi rat ldn cho ea ngudi quan ly, dieu hanh giao thdng va ngudi dieu khien phUdng tien giao thong tai day trong miia mUa bao.
Theo thiet ke da duyet, phai thoat nUde mUa theo phUdng phap cUdng bde nhan tao. Tdi da, de thoat nude mUa ed eUdng dp 175mm/gid eho ham dudng 6t6 Dai Cd Viet - Kim Lien, ehu yeu la nhd he thdng bdm chinh gdm 4 may bdm, edng s u i t lOmVphiit/may [2], Ro rang day la phuong an bj dpng va tdn kem; bdi vi, mot mat nha't dinh phai eo c6ng trinh tram mang thoat nUde quy m6 ldn, ed tfnh tu dpng eao; mat khac cong trinh tram mang thoat nude kh6ng nhung phai dupc duy tu bao dudng thudng xuyen, ma cdn phai dupe eung cap ngudn nang lupng rat Idn de thoat nude. Them vao dd, la ddi hdi dpi ngu quan ly va van hanh phai e6 trinh dp chuyen mdn nghiep vu eao, biet tuy cd img bien thUe hien nhiem vu mot each sang tao. N6i khac di, ea chi phf ban dau eho cdng trinh tram mang thoat nude, cung nhu chi phf duy tu va chi phf hoat dpng tram mang dd deu Idn, Dae biet, van rat khd dam bao hoan thanh nhiem vu thoat nUde khi ed mua ldn keo dai.
+ Khi lUu lupng nUdc chay theo mat dUdng ddc nay dii Idn, vda lam giam dp bam dfnh ciia banh xe vdi mat ddc, vda lam tang sdc can eua xe len ddc, lai lam tang tde dp eiia xe xudng ddc, lam giam hieu lUc ciia tay lai xe, hinh thanh nguy co mat an toan chung, khong nhung ehi cho chfnh cac xe bj trdi trUpt va mat lai dd, ma edn eho ea nhung xe dang c6 mat dudi chan eae doan dudng doe d6.
+ TrUdng hpp dae biet, khi mUa Idn bat thudng keo dai, ed the xay ra 2 mdc sU ed khac nhau, vupt qua kha nang thoat nUde thiet ke, den mdc phai tam ddng cda ham, chd thoat nUde: ThU nhat, khi vu lupng tde thdi qua ldn, lupng nude mUa ddn td cac doan dudng dan xudng ham, gay tinh trang vupt qua kha nang thoat nUde thiet ke. ThU hai, khi mUa ldn keo dai, nUde mUa tren mat dudng Oai Cd Viet - Kim Lien khdng thoat kjp, tran qua cac dinh ddc dau eae dudng dan dd xudng ham, gay tinh trang vupt qua kha nang thoat nude thiet ke,
2.2 - Giii phan each giUa 2 lin dudng xe trong doan ham kin ndc la bd tudng lung, tren cd hang tru dd ndc each quang.
Ben canh nhCmg Uu diem dang chu y:
Thu nhat: Ve quan diem dau tU thi eong, day la phUdng an vda dam bao tao dupe dp ben vUng can thiet cho dudng ham, vda dam bao giam dupc ehieu rpng ciia giai phan each; gop phan giam dupe vdn dau tu ban d i u eho dudng ham.
ThU hai: Ve quan diem s d dung dudng ham, nhd eae khoang trdng giUa cac edt tao giai phan each;
mot mat, nguoi tham gia giao thong qua h i m thay kh6ng gian dUdng h i m dd chat chdi bde bdi; mat khac, ngudi tham gia giao thdng quan sat dupe moi su viec xay ra theo ea 2 lan dUdng; td dd ed the gdp
VE MOT SO BIEN PHAP KY THUAI AN JOAN CHO HAM OUiJNG,,
Hinh 2: Hang cot gida 2 lan dudng trong ham [2].
p h i n giam thieu nhUng sU cd dang tiee: ea khi phat hien dau hieu gay iin tac, cung nhU dau hieu nguy hiem d cudi lan dudng ngUpe ehieu, deu ed the nhanh eh6ng bao tin eho ngudi tham gia giao th6ng d dau lan dudng ngUpe ehieu,
ThU ba: Tang hieu qua chieu sang tU nhien, Nhung cung c i n tha'y ro 1 sd nhupe diem can khac phuc:
- Lam giam hieu qua thdng gid theo timg lan dudng, lam tang chi phf sd dung dUdng h i m len,
- Khi lan dudng nay bj t i e nghen (thf du xe va cham nam c h i n ngang dudng), khdng c6 kha nang tam sd dung lan dudng kia de dng cdu thdng xe giai tda,
2.3 - Thdng gid cho dudng ham:
Theo thiet ke hien nay (hinh 1), day la dudng h i m 2 lan dudng xe chay dpc lap, c6 b i u kh6ng khf kh6ng dpc lap, vi chi dupe phan each bdi 1 hang cot thUa; nhung lai mudn thdng gid eudng bde che m6i lan dudng xe b i n g 1 cap quat treo dudi t r i n mat cat ngang thap n h i t , de thdi gid theo chieu xe chay, Ve mat th6ng gi6, day la thiet ke kem hieu qua do nhieu yeu td chii quan khac nhau:
- Quat 2 phfa lu6n gay trd luc eho nhau, gay quan gi6; kh6 dieu tiet hoat dpng theo ehieu ludng gid tU nhien ; dae biet ft ed dieu kien thue hien phuong an ngdng chay quat d lan dUdng h i m chay xe cung chieu vdi ludng gid tU nhien trong thue te.
- Quat treo dudi t r i n mat c i t ngang t h i p nhat, eho nen khd theo doi dpng thai ciia quat; khd sda ehua, thay the khi e i n thiet va thudng gay can trd ludng khdi ndng bde len cao,
- Khi quat hoat dpng, lam tang ap eho ludng gid, gay can trd khdi bui va khf ndng bde len; cd the gay quan khdi ed hdi xang d i u xudng g i m xe, lam nguy ed chay nd xe tang len
3 - Mot sd giai phap tang hieu qua sU dung dudng ham:
Vdi phUdng cham: phat trien ben vdng, ehiing ta c i n xae djnh nhUng bien phap k h i c phuc nhCmg nhupe diem gay anh hUdng x i u den hieu qua sd dung dudng h i m ; mot mat de riit kinh nghiem gdp p h i n tdi Uu hda nhUng dUdng h i m sap xay dUng;
mat khac nham bd khuyet va tang hieu qua s d d u n g
N G l / d l X A Y D I / N G s d T H A N G 7 • 2 0 0 9
VE MOT SO BIEN PHAP KY THUAT AN TOAN CHO HAM BIJQHG..
cho dudng ham da cd.
3.1 - Chdng nudc mua trin td mit phd xudng ham vi bao ve dieu kien vi khi hau cho cac dudng dan:
- Quy djnh mdc chenh eao giiifa d i u ddc dan xudng ham so vdi mdc dinh lu dja phUdng thudng la [Af^] - 50em ; nhUng neu chi chpn A^^ = 50cm, chac chan trong hoan canh mdi trUdng nhiet ddi gid miia dang xau di d nUde ta; tan suit xay ra hien tupng nude mUa tran td mat dUdng phd xudng dudng ham se tang nhanh. Oae biet, khi ket hpp dieu kien nhiet ddi gid miia vdi thue trang dia hinh trung cua khu vUe Oai Cd Viet - Kim Lien, y thde bao ve he thdng thoat nude cdng cpng chua cao va kha nang thoat nudc mUa cua toan Thu dd ehua ddng bd, chimg ta nen chpn A^ i(^^\ > = 75em.
- Thuc hien Ipp mai va che thanh ben cho eae dudng dan xudng him deu theo kieu chdp lat, ket hop vdi eae doan dng eong c6 cd quay lam cda ddn gid theo yeu eau sd dung; de ket hpp dap dng ca yeu eiu chdng mua vdi cac yeu eau thoat gid va ddn gid theo tdng hoan canh thdi tiet va lUu lupng glad thdng thUc te (khdng Ipp va che kin lam tang chieu dai ein thdng gid eudng bde).
_ - Sd dung ket eau vdm lam khung mai eae dudng dan, de vda giam sdc can khf dpng ciia mai, vda tao lUe xd ngang tang eUdng he sd an toan eho cac tudng chin ben eae dudng dan.
- Sd dung vat lieu phan quang de lam cae tam chdp che ndc va thanh cae dudng dan, de tan dung anh sang tu nhien ket hpp vdi giam nhiet cho chung.
3.2- Cai tao giai phan each 2 fan dudng xe:
Doi vdi cac giai phan each giCra cac dudng din:
Nen chuyen ddi thanh giai phan each lap ghep cac khdi, de ed the md ra dam bao eho xe ehuyen lan mot each de dang.
Ddl vdi giai phan each giCra doan ham chui cd ndc CO dinh: Oe ket hpp dap dng ca yeu eiu thdng gid ddc lap theo timg lan dudng xe va yeu eiu chay xe ehuyen lan dudng khi cd sU ed, phai bd sung dam dd dpc rdi thay the hang cot g i n bang mdt sd tru eda va lam eda liia eho chimg. Trong trUdng hpp nay, de cd the quan sat bao quat ca 2 lan dudng xe, cd the bd tri mdt sd cda kfnh ehju lUe giUa cac vach ngan.
3.3- Cai tao so dd thdng gid [3]:
Oe dap img ddng thdi cac yeu eiu dd van hanh, kiem tra, sda ehua va thay the quat eung nhu cac trang bj di kem; nen (bd cac quat treo trong him) bd trf cac tram quat phfa tren ndc ed djnh eua doan him chui: O i u v a cudi mdi lan dudng deu bd tri 1 bp quat va dng dan ludn xudng dudi trin him, de ed the hilt gid ra theo yeu eiu thue te.
Quat va cae trang thiet bj ehinh deu nim ngoai him, de bao ve, sda ehUa, thay the...
Khi khdng cd ludng gid tU nhien chay dpc dUdng him, dieu khien quat gid de ludng gid theo ea 2 lan dudng deu eiing chieu xe chay.
Khi ed ludng gid tu nhien chay dpc dudng ham,
dieu khidn giam cdng suat quat d lan dudng cd xe chay cimg chieu gid tu nhien va tang cdng suat quat d lan dudng cd xe chay ngupc chieu gid tU nhien.
Quat cudi ludng gid theo mdi lan dudng xe deu van hanh d che dp hiit, cho nen ludn tao ha ap cung chieu bde len ciia khi ndng do ngudi va cac dpng co tda ra. Nhd dd, gid quat khdng gay quan khdi bui xudng, giam kha nang tich tu tam thdi gid ban cd hoi xang d i u d mdc gam xe, giam nguy cP chay nd xe trong h i m .
4. Ket luan:
Thiet ke ham dUdng xe cd gidi nut giao thdng Oai Co Viet - Kim Lien (Ha ndi) tao dUpe ve dep phu hdp vdi canh quan ddng thdi gdp phan quan trpng de chdng Cm tac va giam tai nan giao thdng d day.
Tuy nhien ham v i n cdn mot sd thieu sdt can khic phuc hudng tdi eae yeu eau co ban sau:
- Giam chi phi nang lupng trong qua trinh sijf dung.
- Giam d nhiem khdi bui va han che nguy eo chay nd xe trdng ham.
- Giam dp trPn trUdt xe khi mUa gid.
- Tang dp an toan cho xe chay qua ham ca khi mUa gid cung nhu khi khd ndng.
- Tao thuan ldi cho ca hoat dpng van hanh dudng him va hoat ddng sda chCfa cai tao trang thiet bj phuc vu.
Rd rang, viec thay ddi va bd sung thiet ke se lam tang vdn dau tu, nhUng chac chan hieu qua kinh te va an toan dem lai se tiet kiem khdng nhd.G
Tai lieu tham khao :
[1] &[2] - Thanh nien online cac ngay 16/6 -19/6/2009.
[3] - Do Thuy Oang - Phong chong chay nd xe trong ham Hai van - T/C NgUdi Xay Dung 11/2008.
Tom tit nqi dung:
Ham dudng cd gidi nut giao thong Dai Co Viet - Kim Lien (Ha Noi) CO rat nhieu Uu diem , nhung di tang hieu qua tiet kiem va an toan, can c6 mot so sda doi, trong do dang chu y la:
- Bd sung mai che tren cac dudng doc.
- Thay ddi phuong phap thong gio.
- Thay ddi cau true giai phan each.
Summary:
ABOUT SOME MEANSES ON SAFTY TECHNIQUE FOR VEHICULAR T U N N E L UNDER DAICOVIET • KIMLIEN (HANOI) CROSSROADS.
Do Thuy Dang Vehicular tunnel under Daicoviet-Kimlien (Hanoi) cross- roads have many strong points, but in order to improve economy and safety, must have some reform; among them, noticeables are;
- Supplementing sunscreens above sloping roads.
- Changing ventilating method.
- Changing structure of separating range.
NGUdl X A Y Dl/NG s d THANG 7 • 2009
