DINH HlTOfNG NGHE NGHIEP CUA CON NGlTdl
Tiin si Phgm Thi .\ga Khoa Kinh ti van tdi Tdm tat: Dinh hudng nghe nghiep (the orientation of career) vo cung quan trong trong dai song con ngudi, cdng nhu todn xd hpi Viec lira chon nghe nghiep diing se phdt huy ndng luc vd sa trudng ldm viec ciia moi ngudi, nhd vdy md tiet gidm chi phi ddo tgo phdt trien nguon nhdn luc trong td chirc, fang ndng sudt lao ddng xd hpi, kich thich nen kinh te quoc gia phdt trien. Bdi bdo mudn gi&i thieu cdc dinh hudng ca bdn nghe nghiep cua con ngirdi, giup dgc gid hieu ro tdm quan trgng cua chiing vd co quyet dinh diing ddn ve nghe nghiep ciia chinh bdn thdn minh, ddng thdi cd the tu vdn ho trg con em dinh hudng tot nghe nghiep tuong lai gdp phdn xdy dung nguon nhdn luc cao cho xa hgi
Tir khda: Dinh hu&ng nghe nghiep
Abstract: People eventually expect to get a job which is appropriate to their strengths, suits their abilities to work in long term and also brings them good salaries to cover their needs and necessity in life. Additionally, a man with his appropriate job gives him the highest motivation for hard working, creative thinking and striving for higher position. Therefore, if he wishes to get that "perfect" job, af the very first stages he would better choose the right career pathway as soon as possible. The article is aimed to introduce the fundamental orientation of career, discusses some factors that essentially influence one's decision to choose his job and provide readers a better understanding to come up with that choice.
Keywords: Orientation of career.
l . M f f d a u
Nghe nghiep la tong bgp ciia mgi hoac mgt so chuyen raon lien quan den boat dgng lao dgng ciia con nguoi raa hg raong rauon dugc gan bo ttong dai ban (suot do tuoi lao dgng). La ket qua cua qua lrinh dugc dao lao va ITnh hgi cac tri thiic bieu biet, ky nang va ky xao ciing cac tieu thiic khac de tao ra cac san phara vat chat, san pham dich vu, hay mpt san pham tinh than nao do nhdra dap iing nbu cau con nguoi lrong xa hgi.
Nghe nghiep la ITnh vuc rgng lon, moi nghe gom nhieu chuyen mon. Tren lhi giai hien nay co tren bai ngan nghe voi hang chuc ngan chuyen mon khac nhau.
Trong xa bgi, nghe nghiep khong ngimg bien dgng do sir phat trien ciia khoa hgc ky thuat, ciia cong nghe va thai do xa hgi doi voi nghe. Nen chiing ta thdy ttong cimg thai diem co nhirng nghe xuat hien va thinh hanh o quoc gia nay nhung lal khong thdy o mgi so quoc gia khac.
Binh quan moi nam tren thi glal co khoang 500 nghl bj dao thai nhung cung xual hien lhem khoang 600 nghl mai.
92
Dinh huong nghe nghiep (DHNN): La qua lrinh con nguoi nghien cim, phan tich, lira chgn va xac dinb cho minh mgt nghl nghiep trong lu'ong lai.
Moi nguoi thuang lu ra quyet dinh v l DHNN ciia minh. Tuy nhien day la cong viec tuang doi kho, phiic lap. Ngay tir do tuoi truang thanh (lir 14 tuoi) diia tre da the hien dugc khuynh huong nghe nghiep, co nhiing dinb hinh nang khieu, so thich co ban v l nghe nghiep, giai doan nay phai co sir h6 trg tu van cua gia dinh, ban be, nha truong v l DHNN ciia tre, t5n lrgng quyet djnh va huong cho tre di diing djnh huong ngay thua
"ban dau" de chgn mon hgc, chgn truong hgc, chgn nghe hgc phu hgp. Trong qua trinh Iam viec, cac nha quan tri noi chung va quan tri nhan su noi rieng bang su hieu biel v l tam sinh ly con nguai va chuyen mon v l t6 chtrc, luon la nguoi dong hanh ben nhan vien cua minh de tiep tuc DHNN, qui hoach hg vao vi tri moi, giiip hg phat lrien mgi each toan dien ky nang nghe nghiep, nham thoa man nhu cdu thang lien ciia nhan vien dong thoi d l dat dugc muc tieu chien luge boat dgng ciia l6 chiic, muc tieu chien luge san xuat kinh
doanh cua doanh nghiep trong hien tai va ttong tuong Iai, nho vay ma to chirc, doanh nghiep ngay mgt phat trien.
2. Lgi ich cua dinh huffug nghe nghi€p diing
2.1 Doi v&i moi cd nhan ngir&i hir&ng led ich trirc tiep tir viec chon dung DHNN "
Ci giai doan lich luy va lira chgn nghe:
DHNN diing giiip chiing ta lua chgn dugc mon hgc lrong truang bgc pho thong, chgn nganh hgc va trudng hgc chuyen nghiep phii hgp, thoa raan uoc muon tuoi hgc sinh, sinh vien, nha vay ma co dgng co thai do hgc tap diing dan, himg thii trong hgc tap. Tich cue trau doi nhirng kien lhiic ky nang nghe nghiep, cac mon hgc khac de bo trg cho nghe... Dat ket qua cao trong hgc tap, liet kiem rat Ion chi phi thai gian va tien bac.
Dong thcri nit ngan thoi ky lua chgn nghe, giara ty le "nhay" viec.
C) giai doan duy fri va phat trien nghe:
Nha dugc lam cong viec diing voi so truong, thoa man uoc vgng nghe nghiep cua minh nen nhan vien co rat nhieu lgi ich:
Tan tuy, say me, nhiet huyet vol cong viec, Iam viec vai tinh than frach nhiem cao, luon hiing thii voi cong viec va nho vay ma chung tbiiy vol nghe.
SEn sang duong dau vugt qua nhimg thu thach, giai doan kho khan cua nghe, dong hanh cung to chiic, doanh nghiep de dat muc tieu chung.
Tang kha nang sang tao, tang kha nang Iam viec, giara met moi...Ket thiic ngay, tudn Iam viec nhung van con cam giac hiing tbii vol cong viec.
Timg buac vung chac cung co cac uy tin ve dao diic nghe nghiep, uy tin chuyen mon nghiep vu (khoi gian liep), nang cao trinh do lanh nghe (khoi true tiep)...nha vay CO ca hgi lhang lien, nang cao uy tin dia vj xa hgi.
DHNN hcrp ly giiip ban Iam viec voi hieu sudt cao, chgn dugc con duong ngan nhat dl di den thanh cong lrong su nghiep, mang Iai lhu nhap cao ma tiet giam rat nhieu ve chi phi dau tu cho su nghiep.
2.2. Doi v&i to chirc, v&i doanh nghiep Neu to chiic hoac doanh nghiep khai thac dugc nguon nhan su lam viec diing voi so ciia hg, lhi mang lal rat nhieu lgi ich:
So hiiTj dugc nguon nhan Iuc chat cao, CO nang luc Iam viec phii hgp, nhiet huyet, het long vol cong viec, lam viec vol tinh lhdn trach nhiem cao, chung thuy, nhiel tinh, cau tien... Tat ca tap tmng cho lgi ich ciia to chiic, doanh nghiep.
Giam thieu ty Ie nghi viec, thoi viec.
Tiet kiem rat nhieu cbi phi dao tao, phat trien nhan vien, ngay ca khi tuyen nhan vien chua qua dao tao.
Thuan Igi lrong xay dung va thuc lhi ngi qui lam viec, cac chinh sach ve quan frj con nguoi, nban dugc su dong thuan tir nhan vien.
De dang xay dung dugc bau van boa doanh nghiep. Loai bo dugc bau van hoa VI ky, xay dung bau van boa vi tha:
Vui ve, hoa dong, san sang gliip da, ttuyen dat kinh nghiem san xuat sang lao cho nhau...Ion trgng su khac biet ciia nhau, tat ca huong toi ton cbi ciia lo chirc.
Tranh dugc nguy co phat sinh chu nghTa co hgi, be pbai, cue bg, Igi ich nhom.
T6 chirc, doanh nghiep de dang thuc hien thanh cong chien luge boat dgng, chien luge kinh doanh va ngay cang phat lrien.
3. Cae dinh huffng nghe nghiep cua con nguoi
Co thi chia lhanh 6 nhom DHNN co ban (Hinh 01), su lua chgn nghe nghiep chu ylu dua vao linh each, dac diem lam sinh ly ca nhan. Dieu nay quyet dinh den nang khilu, so truang moi nguoi khi thuc hien cong viec:
3.1. Nhdm dinh hir&ng thirc tien:
G6m nhirng nguoi trung thuc, thang thfin, lhich moi trucmg lam viec on dinh, kien dinh lheo duoi muc tieu cong viec. Nhung nguai CO siic khoe tot (nhat la the lire) thuong bi hap dan boi nbimg cong viec va nhQng hoal dgng diln ra ngoai trai, nhihig 93
cong viec doi hoi nhieu ky nang thuc hanh, ve ITnh vuc ky thuat. Hg co nhugc diem la khong hieu biet nhieu ve lam sinh Iy con nguai, ve cac moi quan he vai con nguai, nen khong dugc kheo leo frong giao liep va CO phdn ban cbi kha nang truyen dat toi nguai khac. Nguai co dinh huong lhuc lien thuang phil hgp vai nhung cong viec co khi, sT quan quan dgi, canh sat, frang trai, frong rimg, Iao dgng thu cong... Khong phu hgp vol nhirng cong viec nghe lhuat, lham my, quang cao, kien tnic su, huong dSn chuang trinb (Mc), giao vien ngoai ngU, frang lri ngi that...
3.2. Nhdm dinh hir&ng nghien cuu khdm phd:
Nhiing nguoi co chi so thong mmh (IQ) cao, CO lri lhiic hieu biet, co 6c sang tao dgc dao. Nhirng nguai lhich Iam viec dgc lap, thich quan sat va hgc hoi, co kha nang tu nghien ciiu van de va giai quyet van de. Hg
rat say me voi cac y tuang, cac ngon tir cung nhu cac bieu tugng, thich nhung boat dgng mang tinb lri tue cao, thich doi dau vai nhirng lhach thiic frong qua trinh giai quyet cong viec... Tuy nhien hg la nhimg nguai khong am hieu nhieu ve tam sinh Iy con nguoi nen it coi rao, it hoa dong, khong kheo leo trong giao tiep, nen khong lhich nhimg cong viec phai bieu Ig tinh cara ca nhan, nhimg cong viec co moi quan he rgng rai vol nhirng nguoi khac, cong chiing.
Nguoi CO djnh huang nghien ciru kham pha rat phu hgp \d\ nhirng cong viec nghien cuu khoa hgc co ban nhu: Toan hgc, hoa hgc, vat Iy hgc, sinh hgc..., khao co hgc, tham hiem, giao su bac dai hgc 6 ITnh vuc khoa h g c . H g khong phii hgp vai cac cong viec mang tinh nghe thuat, tham ray, cong viec quang cao, cong vi^c kinh doanh, IhlSt ke thoi trang...
Hinb I. Sff do dinh hu&ng 3.3. Nhdm dinh hir&ngxd hoi:
Nhiing nguai nang dgng, nhiet tinh dang lin cay, rgng lugng, de hoa ding, d l gan gui, de hgp tac, rat dan chu, binh ddng.
Hg hieu biet ve tara sinh ly con nguai, co kha nang giao liep tot, co kha nang hiing bien nen cung rat lhich nhung cong viec co m i l quan he rgng rai trong xa hgi, dugc tilp xiic voi nhimg nguoi khac, thich giiip da va tu vdn cho ngu6l khac... Khong thich nhiing cong viec doi hoi cao ve tri tue. Nguoi co dinh huong xa hgi thuang phii hgp vol cong tac xa hgi, cong lac quan chiing, nhimg cong viec djeh vu giai tri, phuc vu nha hang khach san, tilp vien, bac sT tam ly... Khong phii hgp vai ITnh vuc nghien ciru, ITnh vuc ky thual, khoa hgc CO ban, kien tnic, lap lrinh may tinh, dia chat, san suat cong nghiep, nong trang...
3.4. Nhdm dinh hir&ng kinh doanh:
nghe nghiep cua con ngu&i
Nhimg nguoi nang dgng, nhiet tinh, hieu biel ve lam sinh ly con nguoi, hieu biet rgng ve tu nhien xa hgi, rat nhay ben v6i cam xiic va suy nghT ciia nguoi khac. Nhirng nguoi CO kha nang lap hgp thong tin, Ifing nghe y kien ciia nguai khac, phan tich danh gia, lua chgn dugc y kiln t i t nhdt phuc vu muc tieu chung va ra quyet dinh, c6 ddu 6c quyet doan, rat khao khat quyln Iuc va su giau CO. Hg c6 nang khieu anh huong, thu hill va lhu thuyet phuc nguai khac vao ITnh vuc kinh doanh cua minh de dat dugc muc tieu.
Nguoi CO djnh hucmg kinh doanh thuong phu hgp voi nbUng cong viec nhu:
Ban hang, luat su, quan tri, giang vien ITnh vuc kinh te...
3.5. Nhom ^nh hw&ng nghf thu^t:
Nhirng nguoi de xuc cam, nhay cam va giau cam hung vol nhan to moi, luon thich
va coi frgng cai dep. Thich lam nhimg cong viec CO bieu Ig tinh cam ca nhan, bieu lg cam xiic. Hg thich su tu do nghe nghiep, thich nhumg boat dgng mang linh ca nhan va de cao ca nhan... Nhung khong thich nhimg cong viec don dieu va mang tinh rang bugc cao cua to chiic. Nguai co dinh huong nghe thuat thuong phii hgp voi nhimg cong viec mang tinh nghe thual, nghe sT, binh luan vien, huong dan vien, quang cao, trang tri ngi thdt, giao vien ngoai ngir...Khong phu hgp voi ITnh vuc nghien ciiu, khoa hgc co ban, lap k l hoach, xay dung chien luge, ke toan, kiem toan, lin dung, quan tri to chiic, quan dgi...
3.6. Nhom djnh hirong thong t h u o n g con duffc goi la djnh huong c l t r u y l n :
>Jhimg nguoi can cii, chiu kho, kien tri, thich lara nhiing cong viec co chi dan va co qui dinb ro rang. Thich nhirng cong viec co tinh on dinh, tinh to chiic cao, co do chinh xac cao (nhat la chinh xac ve so lieu va tir ngii'), vui long va san sang thuc hien t6t menh lenh cua cap tren...Hg khong thich nhittig cong viec doi hoi sir sang tao va lu do nghe nghiep. Nguai c6 dinh huong thong thuong (co truyen) thuong phii hgp vol nhirng cong viec nbu: Lap rap dien tii, thong ke, ke toan.
ngan hang...Khong phii hgp voi cong viec:
Nghe thuat, lham my, tiep vien, huang dan chuong lrinh, nghien cim, ky thuat, co khi...
4. Ket Iuan
DHNN ciia con nguoi da dugc cac nha tam Iy hgc, nha quan tri nhan su nghien cuu phil hgp voi tara sinh ly cua con nguoi. Moi con nguoi chiing ta thuong c6 tren mgt djnh huong nghe nghiep, chang ban: Nguai co dinh huong kinh doanh thi thuong co them dinh buong xa hgi, nguoi vira co dinh huong nghe thuat, vira co dinh huang xa hgi, nguoi CO dinh huong nghien ciiu kham pha thi co them dinh huong lhuc tien...
Nhimg nguoi c6 dinh buong nghl nghiep gan nhau (tinh each va so thich c6 nhilu diem chung ciia cac dinh huong) thuong de chgn nghe ban nguai co dinh huong nghe nghiep xa nhau. Viec DHNN va chgn nghe diing luon dugc xa hgi quan tam, nhat la do! vai cac nha quan tri nhan su.
Quylt djnh lua chgn nghe nghiep culi ciing
van thugc \ e ca nhan ra6i con nguoi, mgi y kien tir nguai khac, tir nha quan ly chi co gia tri lu van tham khao. Chiing ta co quylt dinh nghe nghiep cua minh cang som thi cang hieu qua tuy nhien mugn nhat cung chi nen o do lull 30.
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METRIC XAC SUAT
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