DINH LANG TIEN SON
NGUYEN THI QUE*
T
rUdc n i m 1960, l i n g Tiin Sdn, xa Hdp Dfle, huyen T i n Yen, tinh Bic Giang cd t i n gpi l i xa Tfldng Sdn thudc tdng Tuy Ldc Sdn, phu Yin TbI, tinh Bic Giang.Theo ghi ehdp cua cic cu cao nien d ling truyin tfl ddi n i y sang ddi khac, lai cin cfl theo cic s i c phong than eua n h i nude phong k i l n eho dinh l i n g Tiin Sdn thi thdi gian khdi dflng cua dinh l i n g dfldc ghi lai l i v i o khoang cic n i m 1758 (Miu Dan), 1759 (Ky Mio), 1760 (Canh Thin) tflc l i vio cudi t h i p ky 60 cua t h i ky XVIII vdi ten gpi l i Linh Quang Dinh.
Linh Quang Dinh dUde xiy diing tren mpt khu di't rdng, hudng tay nhUng thi'p hdn ngdi dinh hien tai. N i m 1820 dinh dupe di ddi l i n rapt dia dilm mdi cieh dinh cfl 100 raet v i yen vi tfl dd cho dl'n ngiy nay. Linh Quang Dinh radi cd hfldng Nam re Tay, trfldc rait l i s i n gaeh rdng theo khudn vien ngdi dinh. Dfldi s i n trai dii v l hai phia v i vudng rdng ra sat dfldng l i n g l i mot s i n ed ri't rdng, thi'p hdn mat dfldng l i n g chflng 40 p h i n . Tfl efla dinh nhin ra ta se thi'y dinh cd mdt t i m nhin phong quang, cd t h i di't cao, ed t h i budng dep v i mot i n t i i n d i y d i n .
Tfl khi c h u y i n v l v i yen vi tai dia diem
mdi n i m 1820 din nay, Linh Quang Dinh d i trai qua 3 lan tu bd Idn l i vio cic n i m 1880 (Canh Thin) khi dd chfla cd h i u cung t h i n h ; ehi ed N h i Ban Cdng v i Cfla Vdng de thd eung, t l l i ben ngoii. N i m Canh Thin 1940 dinh dUde tu bd l i n thfl hai, H i u Cung v i Thanh Dudng dUde xiy mdi.
Lan thfl ba tfl t h i n g 9 n i m Giip Tui't (1994) d i n t h i n g 1 n i m At Hdi (1995), dinh dfldc tu bd, sfla chfla v i cd kiln true bien trang nbU ngiy nay.
Linh Quang Dinh hien nay theo tuc le cu v i n thd 5 vi T h i n h Hoing Ling, dd l i cic vi:
1- Cao Sdn bao Trung Hung thUdng d i n g tdn than
2- Quy Minh bao Trung HUng thUdng d i n g tdn than
3- Lue L i n g DUdng Giang bao Trung Hung tdn t h i n
4- Dd Thdng Minh Giang bao Trung Hung tdn t h i n
5- An DUdng VUdng h i u cdng chfla chinh uyIn bao Trung HUng tdn than
Cic T h i n h Hoing L i n g n i y diu dUdc thd b i n g ngai vi gd.
5 Vi T h i n h Hoing L i n g tren diu cd sac phong t h i n cua n h i nUde phong kiln
' TS. Nguyin Thi Que, Vien Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A
76 Nghien cifu Dong Nam A 1/2012
vio nien hieu Minh M i n h n i m thfl 9, ngay 25 t h i n g 7 n i m 1(S29. Co mot, sac phong than hi thai lac, cdn 4 s i c phong than deu dfloc dich tfl chfl Han ra chfl Qudc ngfl n h i n dip khanh thanh vile tu sfla dinh lan thfl ba ( t h i n g 9 nam (liap Tua'l 199 1 dl'n t h i n g 1 nam At Hf}\ 1995) va dfldc Iflu gifl ban dich hang chfl viet tay cua cu Hoang Tien Thfle, mot trong nhflng ngfldi gia nhat l i n g hien nay (cu 88 tudi), luc do l i Hdi trUdng Hoi Bao tbp (sau n i y la Hdi ngUdi cao tudi) Tien Sdn. D.'ic biet vi than Dd Thd'ng Minh (liang (-6 sac phong lan thfl hai eiia vua Khai Dinh (Nien hieu Khai Djnh nam thfl 2) ngiy 18 t h i n g 3 n i m 1916.
Linh Quang Dinh cdn dfldc s i c phong cua vua Tu Dfle ban cho bdn chfl v i n g "My Tue Kha Phong" Bd'n chfl dd l i chfl H i n sdn son thi'p v i n g hien edn luu gifl trong dinh, treo gifla T h i n h Dfldng. Viec thd cic vi T h i n h H o i n g L i n g n i y t h i l t nghi g i n liln vdi di'u tich eau ddi dfldc k h i e hai b i n d i u tfldng T h i n h Cung nhfl sau:
Phien i m tfl ehfl H i n (phai sang t r i i ) : Thdnh thg.ch hdn udng nhU hdi khodt Thdn uy hiin hdch tU sdn cao
Djch nghia:
On thdnh minh mdng nhU bien rdng Uy thdnh riic rd tiia nui cao
Cdn sic phong eua vua Tu Dfle ban cho g i n liln vdi di'u tich bai ddi c i u ddi k h i e d edt ngoii cua dinh l i :
1- Phien i r a tfl chfl H i n :
Nguyet thuy trUdng lUu sinh vUOng khi Tudng San thanh tu nu!c hUOng phUdng Djch nghia:
Sdng Nguyet^^'' chdy ddi sinh vUOng khi
Nui Tuang dep xanh nitc huang tham 2- Phien i m tfl chfl H i n :
My Tuc Tudng San truyin ki'thi' Phong Thanh Hap DUc dat tUdng lai Djch nghia:
Tuc dep Tudng San truyin ddi tii'p Tieng tdm Hap DUc sudt tUOng lai^'^^
Nhflng ngay te le chfnh eua ling xfla kia l i v i o cic ngiy:
15 t h i n g Gilng 15 t h i n g Hai 3 t h i n g Ba 10 t h i n g N i m 10 t h i n g Bay 15 t h i n g T i r a 20 t h i n g T i r a 15 t h i n g Chin 15 t h i n g Mdt 1 t h i n g Chap
Hien nay l i n g thdng nhi't td chflc t i l l v i o hai n g i y trong n i m gpi la "Xuin thu nbj ky", l i n g i y 14 t h i n g Gieng (ngiy md hdi ddn x u i n ) va n g i y 14 t h i n g T i m (li ngiy gid t r i n cflng c h i n linh 49 vi nghia sy d i hy sinh bao ve l i n g n i m 1875). Cdn cic ngiy r i m h i n g t h i n g l i nhflng ngiy
Hpi Tuan Dinh theo t r u y i n thd'ng.
•Hpi T u i n Dinh" eua l i n g Til'n Sdn ed tfl ri't lau nhflng trong giai doan khing ehiln chd'ng Phap v i chd'ng My khdng dfldc duy tri lien tuc. Tfl t h i n g 8 n i m 2000 Hpi T u i n Dinh dfldc tai td chflc va duy tri lien tuc tdi n g i y nay.
Hpi T u i n Dinh cd quy dinh, quy fldc c h i t che v i rapi ngfldi gia n h i p d i u phai t u i n thu nghiem chinh. Ti't ca cae cu dng
Nguyen Thi Que Dinh lang Tie'n Son 77
du 50 tudi deu dude l i m l i trinh l i n g n h i p Hdi T u i n Dinh. Hpi cd t r i c h nhiem quan ly, gifl ^ n v i p h i t buy nhflng ndt dep v i n hoi eua ling. Ke ea vi'n di nghi l i td chflc Hpi T u i n Dinh eung theo quy fldc i'y. Ti't ca nhflng nghi.le khi td chflc l i bdi d dinh hien nay d i u dfldc khdi phuc lai.diy du, vdi sfl lUdc bd nhflng gi khdng e i n t h i l t va phit huy nhflng ndt v i n h o i phu hdp vdi truyen thd'ng v i hien dai. Cu the l i vio ngiy r i m b i n g t h i n g (gpi l i ngiy Hpi Tuan Dinh), ti't ea cic eu dng tfl 50 tudi d i trinh ling n h i p Hdi d i u k h i n xIp, i o the ra (finh dii l i Hdi Tuan Dinh. Thiic ra thi 100% eie cu dng tud'i tfl 50 d i u tham gia vi khdng ai d tudi i'y khdng tfl nguyen trinh ling n h i p Hdi. Cdng viec eua Hdi Tuan Dinh trong n g i y r i m h i n g t h i n g l i sau khi ding hUdng cung T h i n h Hoing l i n g roi tbi b i n tinh mpi viec cua ling.
Hien nay (nira 2011), Hdi T u i n Dinh Tie'n Sdn gdra ed 70 eu l i o i u trong ling.
Khi ra dinh eie cu ngdi theo thfl tfl tudi tie: Cu thfldng, Cu anh, cu em. V l phong cieh, eie eu theo n l n i p di dflng nghiem trang, i n ndi nhe n h i n g , khdng dn io, to tieng, khdng udng rUdu say,... T i t ea t o i l len mdt t r a t tfl tren kinb dudi nhUdng ri't vin hoi. V l nghi li, khi td chflc l i hdi bai Tuin Dinh quan trpng nhi't trong n i m tren diy, Hdi T u i n Dinh tuan thu diy dii nghi l i te t h i n theo t r u y i n thdng: Le md cxia. dinh, L i dang hfldng, L i b i o cdng, ddng gdp cdng dfle xay dflng dinh eua eie ddng hp v i e i n h a n eon c h i u xa que, sinh hoat v i n nghe,... D i e biet n g i y gid t r i n 14 thing T i m cd t i i n b i n h l i t i e h i n Unh 49 nghia sy eua l i n g ri't trang trpng. L i te niy tuan thil nghi thfle te t h i n cua cic ling q u i Viet Nam: Cd l i phuc theo quy dinh, cd nghi thfle xfldng l l (xfldng Ddng,
xudng Tiy), ed nghi thfle tay t r i n do li v i d i n g ba t u i n rUdu. Ti't ea nhflng nghi thfle n i y diu ed quy djnh c h i t che tflng ldi xfldng, tflng nhjp trdng v i tflng dpng tic rdt rUdu, d i n g li, v.v... Trudc day mpt eudc l i n i y thudng kdo dii hai, ba tilng ddng bd. Nhung tfl cude li 14 t h i n g T i m 2011, Hdi Tuan Dinh eua ling Tiin Sdn cd lUde bdt n i n cude t l li ebi gpi l i Trinh Li v i thdi gian ti't ca eudc Trinh Li ehi khoang chflng g i n mpt tilng ddng hd. Dilu niy dUde d i n ling ddng tinh vi nd phfl hdp vdi nguyen vpng cua n h i n din, phu hdp vdi sflc khoe cua eie cu v i bao dam eudc l i than dfldc trang nghiem trat tU hdn.
Vl k i l n trflc eua dinh, dfl ed mi'y l i n trflng tu tdn tao v i n gifl net kiln trflc tieu bieu eua mdt ngdi dinh l i n g cd Viet Nam.
Ngoii sac phong do vua Le nien b i l u Canh Hung 1876 phong cho dinh l i n g l i
"My Tue Kha Phong" cdn dUde luu gifl trong dinh v i ti'ra bang bang gd quy k h i e bdn chfl H i n ma v i n g My Tue Kha Phong hien v i n dUde treo trang trpng tren dinh khi'u trUde ngdi T h i n h Dien h i u cung cua dinh trong dinh cdn lUu gifl cic ed v i t sau diy:
Kieu rude t h i n kieu B i t Cdng. Diy l i loai kieu do 8 ngfldi khieng, rapt loai kilu dUdc coi l i ed nhi't trong cic loai kilu v i ri't dep.
- H I thd'ng do thd (bit hfldng, eiy din, eiy nl'n, tfldng voi v i nghe) diu v i n gifl tfl khi k b i n h t h i n h dinh l i n g dl'n nay chUa b l thay ddi.
- N i r a ngai thd n i m vj T h i n h Hoing L i n g bang gd sdn son thi'p v i n g cung l i dUde tac, tram tfl xfla d l lai.
Ben canh nhflng di'u tich ed m i thdi
78 Nghien cifu Ddng Nam A 1/2012
gian khdng l i m phai md d i gdi md cho chflng ta thi'y Linh Quang Dinh dfldc khdi dflng khdng xa n i m k b i n h t h i n h cua Dinh Bang Bic Ninh. N l u nien dai khdi dflng cua Linh Quang Dinh la chinh xic (1761) thi ngdi dinh nay chi xay sau viec khanh t h i n h Dinh Bang Tfl Sdn, Bic Ninh (mdt trong ba ngdi dinh ed dep nhi't xfl Kinh Bic) chi hdn hai chuc nam.
Ke tfl nam 1960, l i n g TUdng Sdn ddi ten t h i n h lang Tie'n Sdn thuoc huyen T i n Yen (rapt phan cua phu Yen The ngiy XUa), tinh Bic (liang v i Linh Quang Dinh eung dUde gpi l i Dinh lang Tie'n Sdn tfl dd.
Gid day, ben canh nhflng t h i n phong, sic phong, sU tich T h i n h Hoing ling, hUdng fldc cua l i n g v i rapt so' cd v i t rai dinh l i n g Til'n Sdn Iflu gifl v i coi l i t i i san quy eua dng cha d l lai, trong dinh ling Til'n Sdn edn cd k h i e bia Iflu danh tri i n 49 nghia sy d i quen t h i n chd'ng giic bao ve l i n g n i r a 1875 v i nhflng liet sy trong k h i n g cbiln chd'ng P h i p , chd'ng My cflu nfldc. Dinh eung ed bang v i n g vinh danh nhflng c b i u eon d i khdng phu i n nghia eua cha dng ed'cdng hpc h i n h t h i n h dat t h i n h nhflng Til'n si, Thac si, Cd n h i n trong mpi linh vflc eua ddi sd'ng x i hdi de cho Linh Quang Dinh xfla kia va dinh l i n g Tie'n Sdn n g i y nay cd them nhflng nilm vinh hanh tfl b i o .
Vdi ti't ea nhflng t r u y i n thd'ng v i hien tai dd, dinh l i n g Tie'n Sdn da dfldc n h i nfldc ci'p b i n g di tich Uch sd v i n h o i ci'p tinh n i m 2010 vfla qua.
Mii dinh l i linh hdn ciia ling que Viet Nara. Xfla, nay v i raii sau n i y v i n t h i . Dfl ling que cd h i i n dai tien tie'n d i n dau tbi nhflng raii dinh cd kinb v i n l i ndi nfldng tiia tam linh cua mdi ngUdi d i n Viet, l i
trung t i m sinh boat v i n h o i eua mdi ling que Vi^t Nam. Nd dUde p h i p l u i t cua n h i nude Viit Nam bao vl. Dd chinh l i ndt vin h o i Viet, l i ban s i c v i n h o i Viet Nam.
Ngudi d i n Tiin Sdn, mpt l i n g que nhd ben ddng sdng ThUdng h i i n h o i that tU h i o vdi ngdi <linh ling cua minh d i gdp mat trong net v i n boa ay eua d i n tde./.
CHU THICH
1. Nguyet Dfle l i ten cii ciia sdng ThUdng 2. NgUdi djch nhflng ciu ddi niy la ong
VUdng Thanh Giao nguyen l i giio vien day chfl Hin Ndm cho ein bp vin hoa huyen Tin Yen. tinh Bic Giang.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Ban ke thinh tich xin phong thin ciia Linh Quang Dinh.
2. Ban dich 4 sAc phong than cho Linh Quang Dinh.
3. Hudng Udc cua xi Tudng Sdn. tdng Tuy Loc Sdn, phu Yen Thi. tinh Bic
Giang.
4. Mpt sd dieu vl dinh ling Tien Sdn (do ong Nguyen Doan Huyln. Hpi trUdng
Hpi Tuan Dinh Tiin Sdn cung ci'p)
5. Mpt vii y kiln ve dinh ling Tiin Sdn (do dng Nguyin Hai Dudng, Hpi trudng Hpi ngudi cao tudi Tien Sdn eung ci'p) 6. "Nhflng dieu ein bill ve dinh ling Tiin
Sdn" Ghi chep cua dng Hoing Tiin Thuc, nguyen Hpi tnldng Hdi bao thp, sau
niy la Hpi ngUdi cao tudi Tiin Sdn.
7. Sic phong "My Tuc Kha Phong" cho Linh Quang Dinh.
8. Su tich Thinh Hoing Ling: Ngii Cao Sdn vi ngai Quy Minh dUdc thd trong Linh Quang Dinh.
