L6 Nggc Nuong vd Dig Tap chf KHOA HQC & C 6 N G N G H $ 109(09): 141 -148
GlAl P H A P NANG CAO VAI TRO CUA LAO D Q N G N C TRONG PHAT TRIEN KINH TE HQ TREN DIA BAN HUY^N DAI TlT CUA TINH T H A I NGUVEN
Le Ngpc Nuvng', Nguyln Thu Thiiy Trudng Dgi hqc Kinh ti & Qudn tri hnh doanh - DH Thai Nguyen TOMTAT
Hien nay, vai frd phy ntt Irfin blnh dipn chung dS dugc phdt huy, lao ddng nO da ddng vj tri quan frong trong phdt friln kinh ll xa hpi ndi chung vd phdt friln kinh tl hd ndi rigng. Nhung trSn thyc ll nhilu noi nhu huy$n Dgi Tir, tinh Thdi Nguyfin d^c bi§l Id viing d6ng bdo ddn tdc thieu so do dgc thil ve phone tyc tdp qudn, trinh dd ddn fri thip... vai frd phy ntt chua dugc phdt huy, chua dugc khai thdc tiem nang, vSn cdn sy phdn bi?t ddi xii. V§y can c6 nhilu hon nhthig bi?n phdp dl thu hiit nhdm lao dpng ndy tham gia vdo kinh tl, xdy dyng huy^n nhd thfim gidu dpp, Tir khda,' kinh te hg, lao dgng nir, vi$c ldm
DAT VAN DE
Trong cdng cugc phdt frien kinh te va xod ddi gidm ngheo, phy nir da cd vai trd to Idn frong sy phdt frien kinh t l - xa hgi eua tinh Thdi Nguyen, huypn Dai Tir ndi chung va phdt trien kinh te ciia hg gia dinh ndi rieng. Tuy nhien, sy ddng gdp cda lyc lugng Iao ddng nii- d ndng thdn Igi ehua dugc ghi nhgn mgt cdch xiing dang, chua tuong xiing vdi vj fri vd vai frd eiia hg trong nen kinh tl, frong cac quan he xa hgi vd frong ddi sdng gia dinh.Vi vgy, nghien eiiu nhdm nang cao vai frd phy nir frong phdt trien kinh te xa hgi ndi chung va phdt frien kinh tl hd ndi ridng la yeu cdu ddt ra mang tinh cap thiet.
PHU'ONG P H A P NGHIEN CUU Phmmgphdp tiip can nghiin ciru - Chgn diem nghien ciiu vd mdu nghien eiiu;
tiln hanh dilu tra tai 3 xa My Yen, Hiing Son, Khdi Ky vdi 180 hg dan.
- Phuong phdp dieu fra thu thgp sd lieu; Thu thdp tai lieu Ihii cdp tii nhimg tai lieu da dugc cdng bd tgi phdng thdng ke, UBND huyen, tinh. Thu thdp tdi lieu so cdp: thdng qua vipc phdng van tryc tiep ngudi dan vd quan sat thyc te.
- Phuong phap dieu fra ndng thdn cd sy tham gia (PRA): Dugc tiln hdnh, khdo sat d dia phuang thdng qua viec thu thgp sd lieu fryc
Tel: 0973282586
liep tli cdc hg ndng dan, cae td chirc dich vy eung ling vgt tu ndng nghiep tren dja ban.
Hi thong cdc chi lieu nghiin ciru Cdc clii tieu phan dnh ve hieu qud san xuat y nglita cua cdc chi tieu vd cdch tinh cdc chi tieu do
- GO ( Gross output) Gia frj san xudt HayGO = ^QixPi(i=I,n) Trong do : + Qi; Khdi lugng sdn pham thii i
+ Pi: Gid sdn pham thii i - VA; Gid frj gia tdng (Value Added); Ld phan gia trj tang them khi san xudt mgt don vi san pham
Cdng thirc: VA = GO - IC CT: VA = V + M + C,
VA diing de ti'nh thue gid tri gia tdng (VAT) vd(GNI)..,
- Thu nhap hdn hop = Gia tri gia tdng - Khau hao - Tien thue dat - Lai vay - Thue eae loai
MI VA - KH - R - K T Laj3hdn thu nhap ctia hd nam trong gia trj san xuat sau khi da trir di chi phi Irung gian, khau hao TSCD, tien thue dat, lai vay va thue cac loai neu cd.
Day chinh Id ehi tieu de linh loan sy phan chia Igi ich giir nhii'ng ngudi lao dgng(V) vdi lgi ich cua cd nganh (M),
- Chi phi trung gian IC (Intermediational Cost):
+ Cd the linh bang: IC = ^ Ci x Ti (i= I,m) TK)ng dd; IC la chi phi trung gian
141
Li Ngpc Nuong vd Dig Tgp chl KHOA HQC & C 6 N G N G H S 109(09); 141-148 Ci: So chi phi dau tu thii i
Ti: Dongiadau tuthir i + CT: IC = C2 + Cdv
- Lai ggp (IC): Ld lodn bg cdc chi phi vl vgt chat trong sdn xuit ndng nghipp khdng bao gom chi phi lao dgng
Cdc chi tieu phdn dnh ve hipu qud/1 lao dpng + GO/LD +VA/LD + MI/LD Chi lieu ndy cho bilt cii I lao dgng tgo ra dugc bao nhieu gid frj (GO, VA, MI)
Cdc chi lieu phdn dnh hi$u qud san xuht/
Iha
+ GO/ha +VA/ha + Ml/ha Chi lieu nay cho biet gid trj sdn xuat ra tren I ha dipn tich ddt
Mo hinh phdn tich
Sir dyng hdm hdi quy dl xdc djnh va udc lugng cae nhan td dnh hudng tdi thu nhdp ciia cae hg gia dinh dan tdc thieu so. Cy the sir dyng dgng ham sdn xudt luyen linh sau de nghien ciru
Y, = ao, + ai,X|, + a2,X2,+ + a„,Xn, + b|,D|. + b2,D2,+ + bn„D„,+U, Trong do: Y, la bien phu thugc, phan dnh thu nhap binh qudn eiia hd trong ndm, hipu qud ciia mdt ddng vdn dau tu cho sdn xuat hay luong phan bdn, thudc BVTV duge sir dyng trong mgt sao.
+ Cdn Xl,, X2, ,., la cae bien dgc lap hay biln gidi thich cho sy thay ddi cua biln phy thugc (thu nhap) gom dien tich, vdn, lao dgng ...
+ D|„ D21 ... ldn lugt la ede bien gid phdn anh gidi tinh eiia chii hg, tham gia lgp hudn vl khoa hgc ky thuat, va trinh dg van hod ,..
KET QUA NGHIEN CUU
Vai tro cua lao dpng nd- Irong phdt triin kinh ti hg
Bang \.Ty li nir ldm chu hg vi
Vai trd cua lao dpng nit tham gia qudn ly vd diiu hdnh sdn xudt phdt triin kinh te hg Ngdy niy dl phdt triln kinh te hg gia dinh, mgt phan khdng the thieu Id vai frd eiia ngudi phy nU, phy nii khdng chi tham gia lao dpng chinh trong cdc cdng vipc phy frong gia dinh md hg cd vai frd quan trgng frong quan ly hp vd dilu hanh san xuat.
Thdng qua s6 lipu d bdng I, cho thay ty 1^ nii Iam chii hg d nhdm ddn tgc Kinh Idn so vdi ty lp nti Idm chii hg d dan tgc thilu so. Cd dugc dieu ndy Id do d$c dilm dan tgc d n h ^ g hp viing cao, dan tgc thilu sg cdn mang ngng hr tudng {trgng nam kinh nii) ciing vin trinh dp ciia ngudi phy nii d nhdm dan tgc ndy nhin trung Id thap. Doi vdi eac hg kha khi phy nu duge hgc tap ndng cao hieu biet, trinh dg hpc van tdng cao thi ty lp phy nU Idm chii hp d nhdm hg nay chilm ty le cao hon so vdi ty 1^
phy nii ldm chii hg d cae nhdm hg ed thu nhap trung binh vd ngheo. Nhu vgy cd the thay rdng miic song hay thu nhgp yd ddn tgc ciia hg gia dinh quyet dinh Idn den vai frd ciia ngudi phy nu* frong gia dinh.
Vai trb cim lao dpng nQ- trong viec son xudt v&
ra qityet dinh phdn cong lao ^gng trong hp Trong nhiing liic thdi vy khan truong lao dgng nir fryc tilp Idm viec trung binh la 11,303 gid mgt ngdy, luc ndng nhdn 5,97 gid.
Thdi gian Idm viec cao nhat Iuc thdi vy khan truang ciia lao dgng nir len tdi 13.85 gid/ngdy, cao nhat liic ndng nhdn Id 10.97 gid mgt ngay. Thai gian Idm vipc thdp nhat luc thdi vy khdn truong ciia lao dgng nii 8.34 gid/ngay, liic ndng nhan la 1.77 gid/ngiy.
Dieu do phan dnh rang phy nii ndng thon dang phdi lam vipc khd cdng thdng liic thdi v(i khan fruong, liic ndng nhdn Igi thilu viec lam, can Idm giam tinh cang thdng liic thcri vy khSn truang vd tgo them vipc Iam phi ndng n^iep cho phy ni? frong liic ndng nhan.
tham gia qudn ly diiu hdnh SX
DVT(%)
Tieu chi Nh6m DT Kinh Nhdm DT Thilu s6
^- Ty le nit lam chii hp + Ty le nCf tham gia quan iy dilu hdnh SX
23.803 17.476
Nghfeo Nghto
39.271 31.568
(Nguon: Tdng hap litphiiu diiu tra hg ndm 2011)
Ll Ngpc Niicmg vo Dtg T?p chi ICHOA HpC & C 6 N 0 NGHE 109(09): 141 -148
G i e r ^ 14 ^ 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Bilu 1. Thdi gian lao dgng sdn xudt hdng ngdy cuaphy nif
Luc nfri vu
^
Luc nfing nhdn
• Blnh qudn
• Cao nhit D Thdp nh^t
(Ngudn: Tong hgp tir sd li^u diiu tra, 2011) Nhu vdy cd the thay rang vai trd ciia phy nii frong viec sdn xudt va ra quylt djnh phan cdng lao dgng hg Id rat Idn, dieu dd quyet dinh din miirc sdng, hay thu nhgp cua hg. Ddi vdi nhffng hd ndng ddn cd mirc thu nhgp kha phy nO' dugc dau tu nang cao frinh dg, hilu bilt sg dan din miie dg binh ddng trong cdng viee hom so vdi nam gidi, ngudi phu nir cd nhilu thdi gian ban dl phdt frien sdn xuat kinh te hd gia dinh. Ngugc Igi dieu nay la d nhdm hd cd thu nhgp thap do il duge hgc hdnh hay frinh do dan tri thdp thi miic do bit binh dang so vdi Iao dgng nam Id cao hon do vgy phy nii thudng cd rdt it thdi gian dl nang cao trinh do, phat triln san xual ndng nghiep.
Vai tro trong kiim sodt cac nguon luc kinh ti hp
Lao ddng nir khdng chi tham gia vdo hogt ddng sdn xudt, phdt trien kinh tl hd ma cdn cd vai frd kiem soat cac ngudn lyc nhu dat dai, dumg ten trong giay chiing nhan quyen sii dyng dat ciia hg, ket qua dieu tra, khao sat d cdc xa thudc diem dieu tra duge trinh bdy d bang 2.
Bang 2. Vai tro trong kiem sodt kinh te, tdi sdn hg gia dinh
DVT: %
Ciii tiau 1. Quyen kiem so^t Itinll te. tai san 2. Dimg ten so d6
3, DCrng ten dang k-^ xe m^y 4. Dihig t6n vay von
Nil6m DT Ki CI]Sng
57.61 76.31 68.13 50.03
V(r 3i.24 19.64 14.67 48.67
nil Kli^c l i . i S 4.05 17.2 1.3
Niiim Cliong
64.31 80.04 84.6 46 3
DT thieu so V ? 18.67 9.68 3.17 49.08
K h i c 17.02 10.28 12.23 4.62 5. Tllira ice tai san
(Nguon. Tong hap lir so lieu dieu tra ho. 2011) Qua sd lieu bang fren cho thdy, mac dii phy ny chju trach nhipm chinh trong hoat dgng sdn xudl ndng nghiep, djch vu va ngi trg nhung trong kilm soat kinh tl hg vai trd ciia hg dugc danh gid thap hon nam gidi. Trong viec diing ten dang ky tai san, quyet djnh cae vipc Idn, quan he hg tgc...
ngudi chdng diu ndm vai trd chinh vol 57 - 65% y kien danh gia. Ngudi vg tuy duge danh gid eao hon frong quan Iy tai ehinh ciia gia dinh vdi trach nhipm chi tieu nhd le hang ngdy nhung viec quylt dinh mua sdm, lam cdng vipc ldm lai do ngudi chdng quylt dinh. Cung thdng qua bdng sd lipu tren, hipn nay cd mgt bd phdn kha ddng gia dinh ndng thdn da cd sy ddng thuan, de cao
Le Ngpc Nuong va Dig Tgp chl KHOA HQC & C 6 N G N G H $ 109(09): 141 -148 vai trd ciia phy nd' frong vipc cimg bdn bgc, ra edc quylt djnh moi khi cd nhiing cdng viec Idn trong gia dinh nhu mua sdm tdi san Icm, Idm nhd, xay dyng gia dinh cho con cai...
Phdn lich cdc nhdn to dnh hu&ng t&i thu nhgp cda hg gia dinh sir dying hdm sdn xudt Bdng 3. Phdn tich hdi quy ve nhdn t6 dnh huang din thu nhgp hp nong ddn TSn bi^n
H? s6 ch$n Ln(raAO Von U(D7) Dicn lich (ha) Ln(Z.D) Lao dpng Dl (Trinh dp van hoa) D2( Gifti tinh) D3 (TJp huSn KHKT) H^ s6 tuong quan R He so xdc djnh R^
Hf s6 \xtlc itrp'ng -0.5870
i.9872 2.0687 0.8432 0.6735 0.4872 i.6843 0.8376 0,70i6
T . Stat
28.6725 35.2871 29.6753 40.2154 7.6830 6.9872
**_Vilue
0.0000 0.0030 0.0082 0.0000 0.0438 0.0462 Fs«»„.j = 81.82198 P_value = 5.3687E-i5
D$ l;cli chuSn 0.0693 0.0586 0.0284 0.0167 0.0634 0.2411
IA'(rA')-0.556+1.9872*i«(raN)+2,0687*i/i(£'7')+0.8432*In(i,D) + 0,6735 * DJ + 0.4872 * Dj + 1.6843 * D3 + U^
Hay:
77^ - -0.587 * VON ' ^^'^ DT
^ 0 6735 • D | + 0,4872 • O j + 1.6843 • D , + t / , 2 0687
LD
0 8432Tir ket qua phan tich tren cho ta thdy: Cac ylu td anh hudng din thu nhdp cua hd bao gom (Vdn, Iao dgng, dien tieh, Irinh do van hod, Gidi tinh, sy tham gia cua ihdnh vien frong gia dinh vao thdp huan khoa hgc ky thuat) tac dgng den thu nhap cua hg... Tuy nhien nhan td quylt djnh Idn nhdt den thu nhdp ciia hg d day ehinh Id dipn tich khi tdng 1% ddt ndng nghiep cho hd se quylt djnh tang Ien 2.0687%
thu nhap eiia hg, dilu dugc giai thich tire Id thu nhdp ciia eac hg d nhii'ng vung nay ehii yeu Id sdn xudt ndng nghiep do dd tu lieu sdn xuat la khdng the thilu.
Ciing ydi nhan Id dien tieh quylt djnh ldm nhat den thu nhgp hg, ben cgnh dd ylu to vdn cung anh hudng ldn den thu nhap cua hg theo ham hdi quy tren khi tdng 1% vdn len ldm cho thu nhdp tang len 1,9872% (trong khi cd dinh cdc yeu Id cdn Igi). Do cdc hd ndng dan diu can vdn de md rgng_ san xuat none nghipp, ddu tu phan bdn thuoc trir sau.., dieu nay se Ihiic day phdt trien ndng nghiep, ddng thdi khi CO nhieu vdn thi ngudi dan se ddu tu ddy manh ndng cao nang sudt cay trdng vat nudi
(Nguon: Tong hap so ligu vd phdn tich hoi quy) lain tang thu nhap cCia hg. Ngoai ra cdn ylu tl ve lao dgng, trong ndng nghipp Iao dpng chicm mdt vj tri quan frgng quyet djnh den hipu qudn san xudt ndng nghiep theo hdm hii quy tren khi tang lao dgng len 1% thi sg lam thu nhdp ciia hg tdng Ien 0.8432%. He sd R^=
70,16% ndi len cac biln giai thich frong mo hinh gidi thich dugc 70.16% su biln dgng ciia thu nhdp, edn lgi la do cae biln ddc lap khdc khdng ed trong md hinh gay ra. Dieu ndy ehiing td DT, LD, va VON la ba ylu to tac dgng tuong ddi Idm den Ihu nhgp ciia hd ndng ddn tren dia ban nghien ciiu. Trong dd ylu to dien tich (DT) la yeu td quylt dinh Idn nhat den thu nhgp ciia hg.
Trong do, dang luu y id nhftng hg ndng dan duge lap hudn v l khoa hgc ky thugt thi hipu qua sdn xudt ndng nghiep cao hom so vdi cac hg ndng dan khdng dugc tap huan 1.6843 don vi. Nhu vay cd the thdy rd dugc phdn nao hieu qua eiia ldp huan v l khoa hge ky thuSt mang Igi frong phdt trien ndng nghipp cua cac hg ndng dan fren dja ban nghien ciiu.
Lg Ngpc Nuong vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 109(09): 141 - 148 Tdm lgi de nang cao dugc thu nhgp cua cac
hg ndng dan tr6n dia bdn nghi8n ciiu cdn phdi cd cdc glai phap vl vdn, LD, dat dai, cd y nghTa rat Idn frong vipc nang eao thu nhdp cho hg, nhd dd gdp jphhn vao phdt triln kinh tl hg, cdi thipn ddi sdng ngudi dan ndng thdn.
Giai phap chii yeu nang cao vai trd lao d^ng nii trong phat trien kinh te hg nong dan huy|n D^i Tur, tinh Th^i Nguyen Muon ndng cao vai trd ciia ngudi phy nft tgi huypn Dgi Tir trudc hit la tgo cho hg cd dugc nang luc thyc sy, giiip cho hg ty phdt huy sy ddng gdp ciia ban than trong lao ddng san xuat, chdm sdc gia dinh va tham gia cdc hogt dgng xd hgi. Done thdi, cdn xdy dyng mdi frudng thugn Igi de cho hg tiep can vdi cdi mdi, vdi nhftng tien bg eiia xa hgi, tir dd khdng djnh ndng lyc cCia minh.
Tang ctr&ng nhgn thuc cua xd hpi ve van di gi&i noi chung vd lao dpng nu noi riing trong qud trinh cdng nghiep hod, hien dgi hod nong nghipp ndng thon theo dinh hu&ng xd hpi chu nghTa
Tuyen truyen nang eao nhgn thirc va kien thiic ve cdc van de gidi vdi tu each Id mgt thanh td eo bdn frong sy nghipp phat frien kinh te xa hgi eua dat nude. Mgt chien luge fruyin thdng dai chiing cdn chii trgng vao dan cu d lal ea cae cap, tu cgng ddng d cdc viing ndng thdn din cap lanh dgo huyen, tinh. Cae ehien dich truyin thdng cdn duge long ghep mdt each nhat quan vao cac thdng bao ve eung cdp edc dich vu cdng egng. Mdi cgng ddng _can xay dung duge nhung nhdm hgt nhdn hd trg binh dang gidi frong sd nhimg ngudi Ianh dao cgng ddng. Cdn dat dugc su nhat tri eiia lanh dao Dang, HDND, UBND, Doan TNCSHCM, Hgi LHPN, Hgi Ndng ddn... thdng qua chien djch truyin thdng nang eao nhgn thiic vd thay ddi hogt dgng tgi nhftng dja dilm, nhirng vj tri, nhiing khau quan trgng de giiip mgi ngudi nhdn ra nhihig lgi ich ciia viec hod nhgp gidi ddi vdi sy phdt trien.
Dua cdc chi tiiu vi giai, cdc cong cu gidm sdt vd ddnh gid co phdn tdch gi&i vdo chinh sdch, ki hogch, chuang trinh vd du dn phdt triin ciia nhd nu&c
Ddi ngu cdn bg qudn ly vd chuyen mdn, dgc bipt Id nhiing ngudi chju trdch nhiem xay dyng chinh sach, kl hoach, ngdn sach va
hogch djnh viec cung cap djeh vu cdng tren loan bg he thdng ngdnh can duge trang bj kien thirc, ky nang va dugc giao trdch nhipm bdo cdo dl dam bao cdc kl hogch, ngan sach, cdc djch vy cdng cd tinh nhgy cdm gidi va cac nhu cau ciia nam gidi va phy nft sg dugc xem xet mgt cdch binh ddng. Them vdo do. can Idng ghep edc chi tieu ve gidi va cae so lipu cd phan lich nam nft vdo he thdng bdo cao.
Song song vdi chien luge truyen thdng cd frgng diem trong he thdng ngdnh NN&PTNT se thiet ke va trien khai timg budc chuang trinh ddo tao chuyen mdn nghipp vy ed ldng ghep gidi trong dd bao gdm ddo tgo ban dau tap huan nang eao nghiep vy hang ndm cd phdi hgp cac dy dn tgi eae trudng tren dja bdn. Cac ehiing ehi dao tgo ve gidi can duge ghi nhan trong hd so can bg va hang nam bao cao ve don vj phu trach cdng lae td chirc edn bg, trong dd cd sd lieu phan lach nam nft,
Thirc hiin cdch thii-c ldm viec mang tinh nhgy cdm giai vd dgi dugc binh ddng gidi Irong cdc hogt dpng nghien ciru, cung cdp dich vg cong tdc ddo tao.
Tang cudng phat trien ede dich vu cdng trong ndng nghiep ndng thdn nhal la cac dich vu khuyin none, khuyen lam de dua cdc cdng nghe mdi ve irong trgt, ehan nudi, quan ly, bao ve va phat trien rimg mgl each ben vung.
B% dam bao cae chuong trinh khuyen ndng, khuyin lam dugc thiet ke nhdm dap iing nhu edu ciia ca Iao dgng nam vd lao dgng nu trong nganh thi cac can bd khuyen ndng, khuyen lam edn tao ea hgi eho phu nft tham gia vdo cae hoat dong ndi tren nhu dia diem, thdi gian... deu can dugc can nhac khi thiel ke va tien hanh cac dieh vu khuyen ndng, khuyen lam ddng thdi cae sd lieu ve nhu eau, linh huu ich va sy tham gia eiia nam vd nft can dugc thudng xuyen Ihu nhgp, phan lich va sir dyng nhu mdt cdng cy quan ly de giam sal cae hogt ddng nay.
Cimg vdi cac djeh vu khuyen ndng, lam eac khoa dao tao nghe can dac biet ehii trgng tdi ddi tugng phu nu, mgt mat la de tang kien thirc chuyen mdn, mat khac deeiing cd ldng ly lin cho hg. Tgi cap cdng dong, can hinh thanh dugc nhung nhdm hgt nhdn bao gdm ndng dan ed nam va nu san xudt gidi, hieu bill tdt ve cdng nghe mdi va cd nhftng mdi 145
Le Ngpc Nuong va Dig Tgp chi KHOA HQC & C 6 N G NGHE 109(09): 141 - 148 lien he chdt che vdi HDND, UBND, Hgi ndng
dan vd Hgi Phu n(i.
Tdng cuang Igo quyin vd tdng khd ndng liep cgn cua phg nir ddi v&i qud Irinh ra quyel djnh & cdc dan v/ chii choi nhu UBND cdc cap, cdc trung ldm dgy nghe vd doanh nghiep.
Phy nft vd nam gidi can cd ca hgi tilp cgn nhu nhau ve gido dye ddo tgo. Doi vdi cdc egng dong ndng thdn, can tinh den yeu to gidi trong vipc nhgp irudmg d cap gido dye lilu hge, trung hgc va tren trung hoc. Cdc dja phucmg n8n cd chinh sach eu tuyen phy nft di dao tgo nang cao trinh dp nhdm muc tieu phdt trien hg thdnh edc lanh dgo egng dong.
Giai phdp chinh de dgt dugc binh ddng gidi trong qudn ly egng dong vd ra quylt djnh, dd ehinh Id nang cao ndng lyc nhgn thiic eho phy nft, ddc biet Id lao dgng nft d ndng Ihdn de hg CO the tham gia vdo tat cd cdc boat dgng kinh le. Tai cdp huyen xa can thanh lgp cac ban de thyc hien viec kiem tra chung va danh gia vipc thuc hien lugt phap va ehinh sdch frong NN&PTNT ydi sy tham gia day dii ciia eac nganh, cdc td chirc lien quan nhu: tu phdp, lao dgng, thuang binh va xa hgi, hgi LHPNVN va ban VSTBPN. Cdn dam bao cac co chl thdng tin xd hgi, tham vdn, tham du vd ddng gdp y kien eua ea nam vd nu trong qua trinh xdy dyng cdc ke hogch va chuang frinh phdt trien kinh le xa hgi phii hgp vdi eae yeu edu noi dung va thdnh phdn eae nhdm muc tieu d cap xa, thdn,
Ndng cao kiin thirc cho phu nir
De nang cao kien thirc cho phy nft can ed eac bien phap ddng bg sau day:
Mgl la: Td chiic tot phong trdo hge bd tiic van hod, md nhieu Jdp bd tiie van hod tir cac ldp xod mil chft den cac ldp cap I, cap II. Dgng vien va lao dieu kipn de ehj em tham gia.
Hai la: Thyc hipn tdt ke hoach giao due vd ddo tgo eiia dja phuong. Trong dd cdn ddc
bipt quan tam, bao ddm cdc chi tieu ve sl lugmg nii hgc sinh dan tgc thieu sd.
Ba Id: Cung co vd md rdng frudng phd thdng ddn tgc ngi trii huypn. Tdng tl lp nu hgc sinh ddn tgc thilu so vdo cac trudng ngi tni huy^n vdtinh,
Bon Id: Be nghj Bg Gido due vd dao tgo vd UBND tinh nghien ciru doi mdi, bo sung mpt so ehinh sach nhdm uu tien nhieu hon cho hgc sinh dan tgc thilu so nhat la nft sinh. Cdc trudng cao ddng, dai hgc, trung hgc chuyen nghipp vd day nghe nen md rgng hp dy bj dai hgc, cii tuyen. Tdng trg cap sinh hogt phi cho hge sinh ddn tgc thieu so.
Ndm Id: Thuc hipn tot Quyet djnh 168/2001/TTg ciia ehi'nh phu trong vipc dao tgo, bo tri sir dyng cdn bg ngudi thieu so nhat Id phy nft. Ddm bdo ti lp phy nft thod dang trong cac eg quan, ban ngdnh, eac cdp, cdc ngdnh kinh te - xa hgi.
Can cd kl hogch ey thi frong vipc ddo tgo gido vien ngufri ddn tgc thieu sg. Xay dyng vd phat trien cdc trung tdm day nghe, md rong edc hinh thire dgy nghi ngdn hgn cho thanh thieu nien dan tdc thieu sd. Tdng cudng cdng lae cii tuyen con em ddng bdo dan tgc thieu so vdo cdc trudng chuyen nghiep dl ddo tgo. Can cd ehinh sdch uu tien eho nhung hgc sinh va sinh vien la dan tgc thieu sd, sau khi tot nghipp frd ve phuc vy huypn nhd.
Cdc gidi phdp cu the cho nong hp Gidi phdp ndng cao vai tro lao dgng nir Irong tiip can vd qudn ly cdc nguon luc cua hp
• Gidi phdp ve von; Qua phan tich d tren, lao dgng nu thudng bj phdn bipt khi tilp xiic vdi ngudn vdn. Can gan cdc chuang frinh cho vay vdn, tgo edn^ dn viee lam thdng qua cac to chiic doan the nhu: hgi phy nii, hgi ndng dan tgp the, doan thanh nien... cd nhu vgy mdi tdng eudng kha ndng tilp can vdn ciia lao dgng nu.
Sff do I. Nhdn to tdc dgng din vi4c ndng cao vai tro phy n NSng lyc quylt
djnh Nang cao kien
thirc
ti
Nang luc thyc hien
Nang cao vai Ud
LS Ngpc Nuong vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CQNG NGHE 109(09): 141 - 148
• Gidi phdp gidi quyit vdn de mdi cdng bdng trong gido due: Cdn ho frg nhung gia dinh khd khan, ddng con frong qud trinh phd cgp giao dye. Cd gdng ho trg ddng vidn cdc gia dinh tao dieu kipn het sire cho tre em dugc di hgc het pho thdng, nhat Id cdc fre em Id nft.
• Gidi phdp gidi quyit vdn di mdt cdng bang trong y te: Tdng eudng khd ndng tham gia hogt ddng cdng ddng eiia nft, to chirc cdc hogt dgng truyin thdng dan so nhdm thu hut sy tham gia eua lao dgng nii nhat la lao dgng nam. Can phdi neu cao vai trd eiia nam gidi frong vdn dl KHHGD, ndng dan ly Ip lao dgng nam tham gia thyc hipn cdc bien phap KHHGD, cham sdc siic khoe cho ngudi vg.
• Tang cu&ng su tham gia cda lao dgng nir trong cdc hogt dpng cua cpng dong, tham gia cong tdc qudn ly, cong tdc xd hpi: Dl lam dugc viec dd can cd sy quan tam eiia cdc cap lanh dao, cae td chirc tir huyen cho den tan cap thdn bdn. Cdn dua ra thdnh edc dieu khuyen khich Iao dgng nft tham gia frong cac huomg udc thdn ban. Tilp tyc khdi phyc vd phat trien nhimg loai hinh sinh hogt vdn hoa egng ddng ciia cae dan tgc, nhdm thiie day sy Iham gia ciia lao dgng nii. Hinh thanh cae eau lgc bd van hod, the thao tai eac thdn bdn, cd ke hogch sinh hogt theo djnh ky mgt thdng 1 Idn.
Gidi phdp hogt dgng khuyin nong vd thong lin ndng nghiep ddi v&i lao dpng wir
• Ndng cao ndng luc vd hieu qud bp mdy khuyin nong cdp ca sa: Cdn day manh cdng tde ldng ghep cdc chuong trinh giao due phu nft vl sue khoe bd mp tre em, ke_ hogch hod gia dinh vdi chuong trinh tap huan ky thuat ndng nghiep cho nu do Hgi lien hiep phy nft Id chuc. Gan chat sy tham gia cua lao dgng nft trong nhiing khoa lgp hudn, xay dyng d mdu, hdi thdo. Day Id cdch thiic dat hieu qua nhdl, bin vimg nhdt, cd khuyin khich sy tham gia cung xay dyng kl hogch, cimg nhau giam sdt, ban bgc, nhgn xet, danh gia edc kel qua dgt dugc thi mdi,
• Ndng cao ndng Igrc truyin thong ve ihdng tin nong nghiep & cdp ca s&: Truoc mat, nha nude va chinh quyin dja phuong can nang cao frinh do hgc vdn cho nhdm nft ndng dan tuong lai, phd cap vdn boa cho nhdm nft san xudt hien tgi dl hg cd kha nan^ dqc va tim hieu tai lieu ky thudt cd lien quan den ddng dng eiia hg.
D6i vdl thdng tin vl dich bpnh, nhdm nft ty bdn than nen chii y Idng nghe thdng tin tu he thong thdng tin dgi chiing, cdn gdp gd can bg ky thugt de hdi thdng tin. Cae Idp tap huan ve kJ thugt nen cd sy tham gia cua nft. Ban td chiic eae Idp khuyen ndng va ehinh quyen dja phuong khi mdi ndng dan dy ldp tap hudn vd cdc buoi hgp phii hgp de nft cd the tham dy, Nft ndng dan eiing nen duge van dgng Id hdi vien cua hgi ndng ddn hogc cac cau Igc bg nhu eau Ige bg IPM, eau Igc bg nhihig ngudi Idm vudn...Tu dd kien thirc ky thudt ciia hg se dugc ndng len dan din vipc nang cao hieu qua hogt dgng sdn xudl.
• Tdi lieu tap hudn, tdi ll^u khoa hgc ky thupt cdn sdt thuc va dan gidn de liip can:
Tai lipu khuyen ndng nen don gian, de dgc vd de hieu doi vdi ndng ddn nft. Can cd sy tham gia ciia ngudi dan trong viec Ihiel ke va bien sogn tdi lieu tap huan, Cae tai lieu cdn gan vol cdc hogt dgng Iruyin thdng yd cdc phuang phap khuyin nong khdc nhdm lang cudng hieu qua "ddn bdy".
Ho Irg vdn cho sdn xudl
Song song vdi van de nang eao trinh do hgc vdn va chuyen mon cho phu nft can phai tgo dilu kien hd trg vdn, tgo viee lam cho phu nu phdt triln kinh tl hd. Thyc hien giai phap nay cdn ed cdc bien phap cu the sau:
Mgt la: Xay dyng cac chuong trinh, dy dn phat triln kinh tl, trong dd can ed cac chuong trinh ddnh rieng cho phy nft dan tdc thilu sd theo ky thual mdi.
Hai la: Hd frg vdn eho chj em phat frien kinh te hg.
Qua thuc te cho thay vdn vay ciia ndng dand dja phuong gap nhieu khd khan, lugng vdn ngudi dan duge phep vay rdt thdp khong dii de ddu tu md rdng san xudt. Lugng vdn vay ndy khdng xoa dugc ddi, gidm duge ngheo ma chi giai quylt mgl phdn khd khan trudc mdt ma thdi. Vi vdy, phai eai lien ea che chinh sach cho vay, giam thilu nhftng thu tyc hanh ehinh va dilu kien cho vay,_ lang jugng vdn eho vay dam bao yeu cau toi thieu eho dau tu phat trien san xudl ciia hg, tang thdi hgn cho vay, cho vay bdng hien vat gdn vdi hudng ddn ky thual theo phuong thiic "cam tay ehi viee". Ddi vdi eac hd gia dinh dan toe thilu sd nen hdng nam cho vay it nhat la 6
Le Ngpc Nuong vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & C 6 N G N G H $ 109(09): 141 - 148
trieu (ddi vdi hg ngheo vd trung binh cd nhu cau ve von).
Ba la; Gdn vipc cho vay von san xuat vdi vi^c hd trg ve ky thugt: m d edc ldp tdp huAn, xdy d y n g cae md hinh trinh d i l n , to chirc hge tgp trao doi lgi chd, dau bd. D a y Id nhftng hinh thiic tuyen fruyin tot nhat vdi phy nft dan tgc thieu so,
Hgi Phy nft, hgi N d n g dan can phdt huy vai trd ciia minh h a n nfta d l khai thdc d u g c ngudn von l u cac c h u a n g trinh d y dn dau t u phat triln kinh l l khu v y e n d n g thdn. Ben egnh dd can quan tdm tdi vipc djnh h u d n g sdn xuat, tgo vipc lam cho phy n u vd gia dinh hg.
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O 1. Bd Lao dpng Thucmg binh Xa hdi; "Chiin luge xoa doi gidm ngheo 2001-2005" Hd Npi, thdng 4/2001.
2. BO Nong nghipp vd Phdt triln ndng thdn, Cyc Khuyin nong, Khuyin lam (1998), "Phuang phdp ddnh gid nhanh nong thon co nguai ddn tham gia trong hogt dgng khuyin nong khuyen ldm", Nxb Nflng nghiep, Hd Noi,
3. Du an hop lac Viel Nam Canada: 'Cong tdc gidm ngheo & cdc ddn tdc thiiu so Viet Nam " 2002.
4. Dd Thi Binh (1997), Nhirng vdn de vi chinh sdch vai phu nU nong thdn trong giai dogn hiin nay, Nxb Khoa hgc Xa hoi
5. D6 Thj Binh, Lfi Ngpc Lan (1996), Phv nH ngh^o nong thon trong diiu ki4n kinh ti thj trudng, Nxb Chinh frj Q u i c gia. Ha Ndi,.
6. D 5 Thi Bhih, Trin Thj Vdn Anh (2003), Gidi vi cong tdc gidm ngheo. Nxb Khoa hge Xd hpi.
7. Nguyln Kim Hd: "Vi phdn cong lao dpng nam nlf nhu mgt cong cy phdn tich gidi" fUong "nghien eiiu vd ddo tgo gidi d Vipt Nam", chu biSn: Nguyln Linh Khiiu, Nxb Khoa hpc Xd hpi, 1999).
8. PGS.TS. Lg Du Phong, PTS, Hodng Van Hoa (1998), Phdt triin kinh ti - xa hgi cdc virng ddn tgc vd miin nui theo hudng cong nghiep hod, hiin dgi hod, Nhd xull bdn Chinh frj qu6e gia Hd Ndi.
9. . PGS.TS. Le Du Phong, PTS, Hodng VSn Hoa (1999), Kinh ti thf trudng vd su phdn hod giau ngheo a viing ddn tgc vd miin niii phia bdc nude ta hi^n nay, Nhd xual bdn Chinh trj quic gia Uk Npi.
10. Hd Qui Ldm (2002), Xod doi gidm ngheo a vung ddn lgc thiiu so nude ta hi^n nay - thuc trgng vd gidi phdp, Nxb Chinh Ui qudc gia Hd Ndi.
11. Bdo cdo kinli t l x2 hdi U B N D huyen Dai Tir nam 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 1 0
12. UBND huyen Dgi T u (2010), Ki hogch phdt triin kinh ti xd hgi huyen Dgi Tir giai dogn 2010- 2015.
13. PGS. TS Nguyen Quan Dong, DH Kinh te qudc ddn (2003), Gido trinh Kinh ti lugng, Nxb T h i n g ke.
14. Begg David, Fischer Stanley, Dorabusch Rudiger, (2007), Kinh ti hgc, Nxb T h i n g kg.
SUMMARY
SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVEMNET OF WOMEN'S ROLE IN HOUSEHOLD ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN DAI TU DISTRICT, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE
Le Ngoc Nuong', Nguyen Thu Thuy College of Economics & Business Administration - TNU Recently, women's role has been approved and improved; they have played an important part in the development of socioeconomy in general and household economy particularly. However, in many regions including Dai Tu district - Thai Nguyen province, due to customs and low knowledge, women haven't been treated equally; their ability hasn't been concerned and exploited. Therefore, it is necessary to propose more solutions to attract this labour group lo join in household economy development.
Key words: household economy, female labor, employment
Ngdy nhdn bdi- 19/7/2013; Ngdy phdn bien: 08/8/2013; Ngdy duyet ddng: 02/10/2013 Phdn bien khoa hoc; TS. Ngo Xudn Hodng - Trudng Cao ddng Kinh ti Ky thudt -DH Thdi Nguyen
Tel: 0973282586 148
