- Hqn che va nguyen nhan

• O^ghien cdu - Trao dot

33

VAN DE PHONG CHONG THAM NHUNG dNLfdCTAHIENNAY

^ ^ <v

- Hqn che va nguyen nhan

vo Thi NghTaC)

cr'7~^Nudi su lanh dao cua Dang, cdng j jcude ddi mdi d nude ta da dat L}=^ dupe nhilu thdnh tUu quan trpng.

Tuy nhidn, chftng ta cung dang phai dd'i mat vdi khdng it nguy cP va thdeh thftc nghigm trpng. Mdt trong nhftng nguy cd can trd cdng cupe ddi mdi d i t nUde chinh Id te tham nhung. Tham nhung lam thiet hai mdt lUdng Idn tdi san eua Nhd nUdc, tap t h l va nhan dan; lam bdng hoai dao dftc cua mpt bd phdn cdn bd, dang vidn; xdm hai trUe tiep cdng ly va cdng bang xa hdi; lam xdi mdn long tin eua nhdn dan, giam uy tin ciia Viet Nam trgn dau trUdng kinh te' qud'c t l ; la nguy Cd de dpa sU sdng cdn cua Dang vd ehl dd...

'•' ThS. IfflXH&NV, Hoc vien Chinh tri H^nh chinh khu vUc II, Hoc vien CT_HCQG Ho Chi Minh

'"Ban Chi dao trung Udng ve PCTN, Bdo cdo cdng tdc PCTN ndm 2009 vd phuang hudng, nhiem vu ndm 2010

Nhan thftc rd mftc dp nghiem trpng va nhftng hau qua nguy hai eua tham nhung, Ddng vd Nhd nUde da cd nhilu chu trUdng, bien phdp dau tranh nhdm ngan ngfta, phdt hien vd xft ly cdc hdnh vi tham nhung va da dat dUpc nhftng k i t qua ban diu, ddng khich le, "tren mdt sd llnh vUe, tham nhung da cd bUde kilm che vd ed xu hUdng giam..., cdng tdc phdng chdng tham nhung (PCTN) lien tuc tao dupc sU chuyen bien nam sau td't hdn ndm trUdc"'"

Ket qua dat dupe trong cdng tdc PCTN thdi gian qua la minh chftng khang dinh sU dung dan cua chu trUdng, dudng Id'i, chinh sdch eua Dang, phdp luat eua Nhd nUde vl PCTN, the hien quyg't tdm cung nhU kha ndng cua he thd'ng chinh tri va todn xd hdi trong cdng tdc PCTN.

Tuy nhidn, bgn canh nhftng k i t qua dat dupc, cdng tdc PCTN trong nhftng nam vfta qua v i n cdn rnqt so hg.n che, yeu hem:

34 9{ghien aiu - Trao doi

Cdng tdc tuygn truyln, qudn triet cdc ehu trUdng, nghi quyg't cua Dang, phdp luat cua Nhd nUdc v l PCTN chUa that sU di vdo ehilu sau. Nhdn thftc cua mdt sd cap uy va ngftdi dftng diu d mdt sd CO quan, ddn vi v l PCTN cdn han chg'.

Viec van dung cdc chu trUPng, giai phdp Idn theo tinh t h i n Nghi quyg't 04- NQ/TlJ vd cdc quy dinh cua Dang, Nhd nUdc vdo thftc t l dia phUPng, dPn vi d nhilu ndi ehUa sdt tinh hinh, cdn lung tung trong thUc hien ngn hieu qua chUa cao nhu: cdng tdc edn bd phuc vu PCTN chUa cd tigu chi cu t h l v l dao dftc, lo'i sdng; ndi dung va hinh thftc cdng khai, minh bach; che dd trdch nhiem ngftdi dftng diu; chuyin ddi vi tri cdng tdc...

Cac vdn h a n chi dao cdng tdc PCTN cdn nhilu van d l chfta cu the, do dd khi thUe hien cdn nhilu Iftng tftng.

Ddng luu y la chUa xdc dinh rd tieu chi ddnh gid hieu qua PCTN d mdt don vi Cd sd, mdt cip qudn ly nha nudc la t h l nao. Neu mdt ddn vi xft ly nhilu vu viec tham nhung va cdng bd k i t qua thi ddn vi dd dupc ddnh gid la PCTN tdt hay chua tdt?

Mdt sd' cap uy, chinh quyln chUa that sU quan tdm trong chi dao, chUa quyg't liet vd thieu bien phdp cu the de PCTN, lang phi; nhilu noi chi dftng lai d viec dl ra chUdng trinh, kg' hoach, chua dua cdng tdc PCTN Id mdt ndi dung thudng xuygn de quyg't liet chi dao kilm tra, ddn ddc trong qud trinh thUc hign.

Cdng tdc kilm tra, gidm sdt v l PCTN, lang phi chUa dUpe tap trung dung mftc. Mdt sd cap uy, chinh quyln chUa thudng xuydn kiem tra, phdt hien kip thdi cdc hanh vi nhung nhilu, vi pham phdp luat trong thUe thi cdng vu cua cdn bd, cdng chftc. Tinh trang quan lieu, nhung nhilu, 1dm khd ngUdi dan, doanh nghigp v i n chUa dupe khac phuc.

Viec phdt hien nhftng dien hinh tdt, cdch lam hay de nhdn rdng vd ddng vien khen thudng cdn it; uy ban kiem tra cac cd'p chua the liien td't vai trd tham miru giftp cap uy lanh dao, chi dao ngdn ngfta sai pham, dac biet d nhftng ngdnh de phdt sinh tigu cUc. Cdng tdc tU kiem tra, phdt hien cdc vu tham nhung, sai pham v i n cdn han che.

Cdng tdc cai each hdnh chinh phuc vu PCTN d mdt so llnh vUc hieu qua cdn thap, chUa dap ftng ygu ciu thUc tiln.

Trong cai each hanh chinh mdi chi chu y cai each quy trinh, thu tuc, chUa quan tam va tap trung bien phdp dung mftc vl cai cdch bp may td chftc va can bp.

Cdng tdc dilu tra, truy td, xet xft mdt sd vu viec cdn cham, nhilu vu an tham nhung keo dai chua dupc dUa ra xet xft; viec dilu tra chftng eft de dinh tdi gap khdng it khd khdn (tdi hdi Id, nhdn hdi Id, tdi cd y 1dm trdi, tdi thieu trdch nhiem gay hau qua nghigm trpng, tdi tham d...). Mdt sd vu viec, vu dn tham nhung lign quan d i n cdn bd cd chftc, cd quyln chdm dupe xft Iy hoac xft ly nhe.

Cdc giai phdp phdng, ngfta tham nhiing chUa dupc trien khai thUe hien quyg't liet vd hieu qua chUa cao.

ChUa thUe sU phdt huy dUdc sftc manh tdng hpp cua ca he thdng chinh tri trong PCTN. Su tham gia ciia cdc td chftc dodn the va nhan dan cdn ban chi, do dd chua cd nhilu thdng tin cd gid tri cho cdng tdc PCTN. Nhftng cd nhan, td chftc tich cftc dau tranh PCTN chfta nhilu.

Md'i quan he phdi hPp gifta cdc cap, cdc ngdnh, cdc td chftc dodn t h l trong cdng tdc PCTN chfta chat che, chfta tao nen sftc manh tdng hpp de viec PCTN dat hieu qua cao hdn.

Viec xay dftng kg' hoach cu t h l hodc van ban quy dinh thUe hien chuyen doi vi tri cdng tdc ddi vdi cdc vi tri de phdt

• Oighien cdu Trao doi ₃₅

sinh tham nhung d mdt sd dia phUdng chUa dftpc thUc hien ngn viec chuyen ddi vi tri cdng tdc cua cdn bd cdng chftc phuc vu cdng tdc PCTN chUa manh me, n h i t la nhftng dpn vi ed dU luan va d l phat sinh tidu cUc, tham nhung. Nhin chung, phin Idn cdc dia phUdng diu gap khd khdn, Iftng tung trong trien khai thftc hien viec chuyen ddi vi tri cdng tde eua cdn bd, cdng chftc, chi mdi dftng lai d khdu tuygn truyln, quan triet Nghi dinh sd 158/2007/ND-CP cua Chinh phu.

Mdt sd bp, ngdnh, cP quan, dPn vi cdn lung tung trong t r i l n khai thUc hien nhigm vu PCTN; cd noi chUa xay dUng chftdng trinh, k l hoach PCTN hang nam, chUa dl ra cdc bien phdp PCTN hftu hieu nen sai pham xay ra ngay mpt nghiem trpng hdn. Mdt sd cP quan, td chftc, dPn vi lam dung quy dinh v l bi mat nha nudc d l han che cdng khai, minh bach theo quy dinh.

Can bd, cdng chftc, ngUdi lao ddng vd nhdn dan chUa dupe cung cap diy du thdng tin de kilm tra, gidm sat hoat dpng cua cac CP quan, ddn vi va ngUdi dftng diu ede cd quan, ddn vi. Tinh trang n l nang, ngai dung cham, sp anh hudng thanh tich cdn khd phd bien. Viec phdt hien va xft ly ngUdi khdng td cdo tham nhung, bao che cho tham nhung, tra thii ngudi td cdo tham nhung edn ban ehl.

Cdng tdc tuygn truyln, giao due chUa thudng xuygn, sdu rdng; nha't la trong lanh dao, dinh hUdng thdng tin bdo ehl d l kip thdi tuyen dUPng nhftng td'm gftdng dien hinh tidn tig'n, kip thdi phg phdn nhftng ndi chfta lam tdt hoac vi pham. Mdt bd phdn khdng nhd cdn bp, dang vidn chfta tin vao quyet tam va hieu qua PCTN.

Viec ngdn chdn va tft phdt hien hdnh vi tham nhung cdn it. Viec xft ly trdch nhigm ngftdi dftng diu cd quan.

ddn vi d l xay ra tham nhung edn lung tung, nhieu ndi n h i m l i n gifta xft ly trdch nhiem ngUdi dftng diu vdi xft ly ngudi dftng diu sai pham.

Nhftng han che, yg'u kem neu tren ed nhilu nguyen nhan, trong dd cd nhftng nguyen nhan chu yeu sau:

Thd nhdt, nhieu cdp dy vd cdn bd, ddng vien chiCa nhgn thdc ddy dd vd sdu sdc ve nhUng chd truang vd gidi phdp PCTN

Trong thdi gian qua. Dang va Nha nude da d l ra r i t nhilu chu trUdng, giai phdp PCTN, nhung nhan thftc cua mdt bd phan can bd, dang vidn chUa diy du va thd'ng nha't nen khi triln khai td chftc thue hien cdn nhilu ban che, khdng dem lai hieu qua nhu mong mudn. Mdt so can bd, dang vidn cho rang, tham nhung la khdng t h l chdng dUpc ndn hp bi quan, thd d, thilu trdch nhiem, thdm chi dftng ngoai cudc. Mdt bd phan lai ed tU tUdng hftu khuynh, n l nang, ne trdnh, ngai va cham ndn da d l ra nhftng chii trUdng, giai phap nfta vdi, mang tinh hinh thftc nham xoa diu tinh hinh ma khdng mang lai hieu qua. Mdt bd phdn khac do qud bfte xuc trude thUe trang tham nhung, ndn cd quan dilm, ehu trUPng, giai phdp mang tinh cUc doan, xem nhe cdng tde giao due. Vi the, cdng tdc gido due, quan ly dang vidn kem hieu qua vd thieu sau sat, khdng tao dUdc sU chuyen bien thUe sU trong viec nang cao tinh t h i n each mang, dao dftc, lo'i sdng cho cdn bd, ddng vien.

Thd hai, sU ldnh dgo cua mqt sd cdp dy ddng ddi vdi cong tdc PCTN chUa chat che, thUdng xuyen

Mdt sd cip uy, td chftc dang tuy cd xay dftng chftdng trinh hanh dpng, k l hoach, bien phdp cu t h l d l chi dao cdng tdc PCTN nhung trien khai chUa chat che, khdng thudng xuydn kilm tra vd gidm sdt ngn k i t qua thUe hien edn ban ehl.

36 9(ghien cdu - Trao doi

chUa ngan chdn hieu qua tinh hinh tham nhiing xay ra trong dpi ngu dang vidn.

Cae nghi quyg't, chi thi, ke hoach, chUdng trinh hanh ddng v l PCTN cua cap tren chUa dUpc cu the hda vd trien khai kip thdi. Do dd, chUa tao dupe sft ddng bd, thd'ng nha't trong viec lanh dao, chi dao eua cdc cap uy dang dd'i vdi chinh quyln va ede doan t h l nhan dan.

Vi vdy, chUa tao ndn sftc manh tdng hpp trong lanh dao PCTN.

Viec cu the hda vd trien khai hpc tap cdc chu trUdng, nghi quyg't lidn quan den cdng tdc PCTN chua dupe thiTc hien thudhg xuyen va diu khap. Nhilu td chftc dang khdng thftc hien nghigm chinh cdc nguyen tac sinh hoat dang, PCTN chUa dupe dUa vdo npi dung sinh boat dang hode dUdc dUa vdo mdt cdch qua loa, hinh thftc. Tinh t h i n dau tranh tu phd binh va phg binh trong sinh boat dang edn yeu, nang v l hinh thftc, qua loa, ehilu le, khdng di vao n l n ngp. Vi vay, vide phat hien vd xft ly tham nhung eua cac td chftc dang d cP sd cdn rat It.

Chi khi nao cap tren kiem tra, thanh tra hoac ndi bd td' cao, bdo chi, quin chung nhan dan diu tranh phdt hien mdi phanh phui dUpc.

Thd ba, do ca che, chu truang, chinh sdch cua Dang vd Nhd nUdc chUa dugc hodn thien vd thieu dong bp

Chu trUdng, dUdng Id'i cua Dang, chinh sach, phdp luat cua Nha nUdc chUa hoan thien va thieu ddng bd la manh dat mau md cho sU tha hda quyln lUc sinh sdi, nay nd trong mdt bd phan edn bd, cdng chftc. He thd'ng phdp luat cua chung ta tuy da cd nhilu tie'n bd nhUng cdn rat Idng leo vd nhilu ke hd, tde dung kilm chg' tham nhung thap, lam cho bpn ed hdi cd the lpi dung. Cdc van ban phdp luat vl PCTN, tidu cUc chUa ddng bd, cdn mdu thuin, chdm dUdc dilu chinh, bd

sung. Nhftng quy che, quy dinh vl nhftng dilu dang vidn khdng dUpc lam, vl ke khEu tai san, v l cam dUa, nhan qua bieu, ve xft ly trdch nhiem ngUdi dftng diu...

cdn cd ndi dung chUa cu the, thilu chat che, thig'u che tai nghigm khac ddi vdi ngudi vi pham.

Cai cdch hdnh chinh v i n cdn cham va lung tftng, cP che "xin cho'' vin cdn phd bien, thu tuc hdnh chinh philn ha, ndng n l , bat hpp ly tao ke hd cho sir sdch nhilu, vdi vinh, dn hdi Id. Che dp cdng vu cua cdn bd, cdng chftc bat dau dftpc quan tam xay dftng nhimg thieu cd che' kiem tra, giam sat cd hieu qud.

C h i dp t i l n lUPng dd'i vdi dpi ngii can bd, cdng chftc bat hpp ly, chdm dUdc cai cdch. Ddng lUdng khdng du dam bao nhu ciu cua cudc sdng Id mdt ddng cd thuc day can bd, cdng chftc thUe hien hanh vi tham nhung, tidu cUc khi co dilu kien, cP hpi. Chang ban, trong cdng tdc PCTN, cd quan thanh tra cdc cip dupe giao Id diu md'i giftp Ban Chi dao PCTN, UBND cdc cd'p, thu trudng cac sd ngdnh trong viec t r i l n khai, hUdng d i n , theo ddi, tdng hpp vide thUe hien cdng tde PCTN trong khi khdng tang bidn che, khdng cd che dp ddi ngd, phu cd'p trach nhiem cho can bd, cdng chftc kidm nhiem lam cdng tde PCTN. Hodc thanh p h i n cua cdc Ban Chi dao PCTN gdm nhftng ngUdi rat gUPng miu, trong sach vd liem khiet, le ra hp phdi cd che dp "dudng liem" d l toan tam, todn y cho trpng trdch dUpc giao, nhftng den nay vin ehUa cd chd' dp, chinh sdch thda ddng.

Thd tu, cong tdc cdn bq con nhieu hgn chi, bdt cap dn tgo ca hpi cho tham nhung, tieu cUc phdt triin

ThUc te cho thay, h i u h i t cdc vu tham nhftng Idn da phdt hien deu co lidn quan tdi cdn bd, cdng chftc nhd nftdc.

Do lpi Ich cd nhan md nhftng ngftdi suy

Hghien cdu - Trao doi ₃₇

thodi dao dftc, Id'i sdng b a t chap dao Iy, nguygn t i c , t i m mpi cdch d l d a t dftpc chftc vu, q u y l n lUc. Sau dd, hp sft dung, lpi dung q u y l n lUc de t h a m nhung, d l

"hoan vd'n" vd thu lpi. T i n h t r a n g dd xuat phdt tft nhftng sd hd t r o n g cdng tdc cdn bd. Trude hd't la do chUa thUe h i e n nha't qudn qui che, quy t r i n h trong dao tao, tuyen chpn, d d n h gid cdn bd m d t each khdeh quan vd k h o a hpc, n h i t Id chUa thUe sU cdng k h a i va d a n chii. Trong thUc t l cd k h d n g It trUdng h p p bd tri cdn bp chUa dung ngudi, dung viec. Day chinh la cd hdi d l m d t sd ngUdi lpi dung sap xep, dUa nhftng ngUdi thude phe canh cua m i n h vao n a m gift cdc chftc vu quan trpng. Id d i l u k i e n t h u a n lpi d l nhftng ngftdi k h d n g d a m bao ve tidu chuan cd cd hdi chay chftc, chay q u y l n .

Viec c h u y i n ddi vi t r i cdng tde eua can bd, cdng chftc phuc vu cdng tdc PCTN chUa m a n h m e , cdn vUdng mac do td chftc, bidn che, do dac thij chuygn mdn cua cdc vi tri cdng tac; n h i l u ndi chUa chu ddng, k h i cd du luan hoac cd diu hieu vi p h a m mdi c h u y i n doi.

Cdng tac quan ly, gidm sat, k i l m tra, nhdn xet, d d n h gid cdn bd cdn n h i l u b a t cap ndn chUa n a m chac dupe thUe chat vl p h i m chat, dao dftc, Id'i sdng, t r i n h dd, n a n g Iftc cua can bd; chua t h a m miru dung cho cd'p cd t h a m q u y l n trong vide sap x I p cdn bd h p p ly, du tidu chuan, dilu kien theo quy dinh. M a t khde, do khdng theo ddi, gidm sdt, quan ly edn bd kip thdi n d n k h i cd vi p h a m hodc vi pham keo ddi nhftng k h d n g biet d l udn nan, phdng, ngfta, n g a n chan, chu ddng de xuat cd'p cd t h a m q u y l n xem xet, quyg't dinh t h a y the' hodc d i l u c h u y i n kip thdi.

Thd ndm, ngUdi ddng ddu ca quan, dan vi chUa kien quyet ddu tranh PCTN

Do cdng tdc cdn bd cdn nhftng b a n

e h l nha't dinh ngn k h d n g it cdn bd, nha't Id ngUdi dftng d i u , edn bd l a n h dao cdc cd'p chUa thUc sU gUdng m i u , tien phong trong PCTN. Cd biet ed trUdng hpp cdn chu muu, true tiep hodc gidn t i l p , bao che, dung tftng cho t h a m nhftng, lam cho cudc d i u t r a n h PCTN cdng khd k h a n , phftc t a p hdn.

Neu ngudi dftng d i u ed quan, ddn vi dinh liu d i n t h a m n h u n g thi cudc d i u t r a n h PCTN ngay t a i ed quan, ddn vi dd thudng bi vd hieu hda. ThUe te cho t h i y , d dau ngudi dftng d i u gift dupc p h i m c h i t , dao dftc, Id'i sdng, trong sach, lidm k h i e t t h i d dd b a n che dupc va chdng dupc t h a m nhung, tidu eUc. NgUde lai, ndi ndo ngUdi dftng d i u chi lo vun ven ca nhdn, tim each 1dm giau b i t chinh, dinh Hu de'n t h a m nhiing thi d dd luc due, m i t doan k i t , p h a n chia t h a n h cae phe ednh, loai trft nhau, t r a n h gianh quyln lUe, t r a n h gidnh lpi leh, can bd dudi quyln cung vi t h l md khdng ddm dau t r a n h , khdng ddm ndi t h i n g , ndi t h a t , khdng ddm phd binh, ddng thdi cung n h a n cd hdi ndy d l hfta theo t h a m nhung kiem lpi.

Thd sdu, tu phe binh vd phe binh d nhieu td ehdc ddng cdn bi coi nhe; cong tdc gido due, qudn ly, ren luyen ddng vien cua td ehdc co sd ddng nhin chung cdn yiu

N h i n chung, cdc td chftc dang ehua t h a t sU la h a t n h a n l a n h dao, chUa t a p hpp dupe luc lupng cua toan xd hdi trong PCTN, chua tao dupe sU ehuyin b i l n rd n e t trong vide n d n g cao t i n h t h i n cdch m a n g , dftc hy sinh cua dpi ngft cdn bd, d a n g vien trong dau t r a n h PCTN, tinh chig'n dau cua td chftc cd sd dang chUa cao, chfta dft sftc d i y liii te t h a m nhung d Cd quan, ddn vi minh.

Sinh b o a t tU phg binh vd phg binh

(xem tiep trang 71)

Hdnh nghiem - Thac tiin ₇₁

nftdc. Ddn chu cang cao thi ddng thudn xa hdi cdng sau, sftc manh cua khdi dai dodn kg't todn dan tdc cang dupe cung cd vftng chac. De phdt huy dan chu, 1dm cho ddn chu trd thdnh ngudn lUc phdt triln, phai bao dam hai dilu kien: 1) Tao Cd hdi cho mpi ngUdi dupe hpc tap, xay dung xa hdi hpc tap nham nang cao dan tri; 2) ThUc hien quyln lpi lam chu cua nhdn dan thdng qua cdc thiet e h l

bao dam dan chu trong mpi mat eua ddi sd'ng xd hdi, md rdng ddn chu trUe tig'p.

Ddn chu phai g i n vdi ky ludt, ky eUPng.

Bang cdc budc di vd Id trinh phd hdp, Tp. Hd Chi Minh se tilp tuc gift vftng nhip dp tang trudng kinh td', dn dinh chinh tri, tftng bUde xay dUng Thanh phd van minh, hien dai, phdt triln bin vftng, gdp p h i n to Idn vdo cdng cudc xdy dung CNXH d nUde ta hien nay.Q

VAN DE PHONG CHONG THAM NHUNG.

(tiip trang 37)

cua nhilu td chftc dang mang tinh hinh thftc, qua loa, ehilu le, chfta cd tdc dung giup cho cdn bd, dang vidn vftng vang va dau tranh trUdc sft cdm dd cua vat chit vd nhftng thi hieu t i m thudng. Mdt bd phdn cdn bd, k l ca ngUdi dftng diu da khdng cdn gftdng mau, hi tha hda, suy thodi vl tu tudng chinh tri, phim chit dao dftc, ldi sd'ng, chay theo chu nghia cd nhan, cd hdi, thUe dung ndn khdng con y thftc tU phd binh va phe binh. Cd luc, cd ndi cdn lpi dung tU phg binh vd phe binh d l ea tung nhau, hodc d l quy kit ngudi cd tinh t h i n dau tranh, manh dan phd binh dUa ra anh sdng nhftng vu viec tham nhung, tigu cftc xay ra trong cd quan, ddn vi la b i t mdn. Id phd rdi dodn kg't ndi bp vd tim cdch de dpa, trii dap, dm hai hp... Thdm chi cd nhftng chi bd khdng sinh boat theo dinh ky, cd ndi vdi thdng mdi hpp chi bd mdt lin. Vi the, viec nhan xet, ddnh gid, bd tri, sap xIp, sft dung can bd thid'u chinh xdc vd khdeh quan.

Dilu ddng lo ngai la cdng tde quan ly, gido due, ren luyen cdn bd, ddng vien cua cd'p uy, td chftc dang nhilu noi chUa

dupe chu trpng dung mftc, edn mang tinh hinh thftc, vide nam bat tU tUdng eua can bd, dang vidn cua cdc td chftc dang hi xem nhe.

Thd bdy, cong tdc cdi cdch hdnh chinh hi^u qud chua cao

Cdng tdc cai cdch hdnh chinh chUa di vao ehilu sdu, ehUa ddng bd, chUa du lam cho xa hdi phdt t r i l n nang ddng, cd hieu qua. Td chftc bd mdy qua nhilu nam cai cdch v i n cdn cdng kinh, ndng nl, chftc ndng, nhiem vu kem rd rdng, nhilu t i n g nac cung vdi viec phan cip quan ly edn chdng ehdo, sP hd la mdi trUdng phdt t r i l n benh quan lidu, sdch nhieu, efta quyln, tham nhung, nhat la d cdc khau trung gian, de hi lpi dung tieu ede.

Nghien eftu nhftng ban che, ylu kem cua cdng tdc PCTN vd xdc dinh rd nguygn nhdn cua nd Id cP sd dl Dang va Nhd nftdc d l ra nhftng giai phdp cu the, sdt hdp vdi dilu kien, hodn canh eua dd't nUdc. Vide dp dung hop ly cdc giai phap, thUe hidn mdt cdch thudng xuydn, lien tuc, kign quyg't va trigt d l se ed tdc dung ngdn chan vd tftng bftdc diy liii tham nhung. •