• Nghien cdu - Trao ddi
HE THONG CHINH TRI VIET NAM
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PGS, TS. NGUYEN VIET THAO'
Tom tat: Nghien cuu ve he thdng chinh tri Viet Nam co y nghia quan trgng trong mdi quan hegida ddi mdi chinh tri phdi ddng bd vdi ddi mdi kinh te. Bdi viet tiep tuc chi ra nhimg ddc diem cua he thong ehinh tri Viet Nam; ddnh gid nhirng thdnh tuu vd hgn ehe ve hogt ddng cita hi thdng chinh tri Viet Nam trong thai ki ddi mdi; ddng thdi, nhdn mgnh din nhimg dinh hu&ng trong doi mdi he thdng chinh tri Viet Nam hien nay.
Tix khoa: he thong chinh tri; Viet Nam; ddi mdi he thdng chinh tri
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Khai quat v l he thong chmh tri va dac diem he thong chinh tri• ViftNam
- Khdi qudt ve he thong ehinh tri Tu khi xa hdi phan chia thanh giai cap, nha nudc xuat hi$n vdi tir each la cdng eu quydn lye ciia giai eap thdng fri ddi vdi toan xa hdi; ddng thdi, mdi quan he giua cac lye lugng frong xa hpi xung quanh vide gianh va thuc thi quydn lyc chinh fri ngay cang phiic tap. Trdn thyc te, d moi qude gia - dan tgc va trong timg hoan
'"'HQC vien Chinh tri quoc gia H6 Chi Minh
" ^ '7/2019
eanh cu thi, da hinh thanh mdt eau tnic cae thilt chl, CO chd ma giai cap thdng tri va cac giai cdp khac deu chap nhan de chia sd, duy tri quyin lye ehinh tri. Cau tnic ay, den thap ki 70 cua tbl ki XX, dupe nha chinh tri hpc Canada David Easton ldn ddu tien dinh danh la he thong chinh fri (political system). Tir dd ddn nay, thuat ngii nay da dugc hang loat cac hgc gia chinh tri, nhu Jean William Lapierre, Gabriel Almond, Karl Deutsch, Maurice Duverger, Samuel Phillips Huntington, David Ernest Apter... bd sung, md rdng.
Cd thi hidu, he thdng chinh tri la mdt eau tnic cd td chiic cua cae ehu thd nhdm thuc thi
38 • Nghien cdu - Trao doi quyen lue chinh tri frong cdng ddng nhdt dinb.
He thdng ay dugc tao lap bdi cac chu the, td chire, thiet ehd, quy dinh, boat dgng, gia tri...
ciing tuong tac ldn nhau nham duy tn hoac didu chinh trat ty chinh tri hien tdn cua xa hdi.
Vdi tu duy triet hpc duy vat bien chiing, can nhin nhan he thdng ehinh frj la mdt bd phan cua kidn tnic thugng tang frong xa hdi cu thd, dupc quyet dinh bdi eo sd ha tang. Nd bao gdm cac td ehiie, eac thiet chd cd quan he vdi nhau vd mat myc dich, ehiie nang tham gia thue hidn quydn lyc chinh tri hoac dua ra cac quydt dinh chinh fri.
Cd nhieu yeu td tac ddng ddn qua trinh hinh thanh va boat ddng cua he thdng ehinh fri d mdi trudng hgp cy thd, trong dd cd ban sac van hda - lich sir ciia qude gia dan tdc;
dac diem cudc dau tranh chinh fri khai sinh ra che dp xa hdi; ddi sdng kinh te - xa hdi cua dat nudc; tuong quan luc lugng trong ddi sdng chinh tri qude gia; nhirng xu thd chinh tri chung trdn thd gidi...
- Dgc diem he thong chinh tri Viet Nam He thdng chinh tri Viet Nam hien thdi vira mang dae didm chung ciia he thdng chinh frj frdn thd gidi, vira cd dac diem ridng nhu la san pham cua qude gia - dan tdc:
Thu nhdt, dd la san pham eua qua trinh each mang tir nam 1930 din nay. Dd to chiic thanh cdng cudc each mang danh do chd dp thyc dan phong kidn va xay dung ehd dp xa hdi cua nhan dan lao ddng, Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da lanh dao thanh lap mgt he thdng cae lue lugng chinh fri cita cdng nhan, ndng dan, thanh nidn, phy nii, mat tran... Tir nam 1929, Tdng Cdng hdi Dd ra ddi nhu td chirc ddu tien ciia giai cap cdng nhan each mang. Sau dd, nhilu td chiic nghidp doan ciia quan ehiing lao ddng dupe thanh lap dudi ten gpi phd bien la eac Hdi Cdng nhan ciiu qude. Nam 1946, Hdi nghi can bd Cdng doan toan qude da quyet dinh thdng nhat cae td ehiie Cdng doan trong ca nude va lay tdn ggi la Tdng Lidn doim Lao ddng Viet Nam. Thang 10/1930, Trung uong Dang quyit dinh thanh lap Hdi Phu nii phan de Viet Nam,
nay la Hdi Lien hiep Phu ntr Viet Nam va Tdng Ndng hpi Ddng Duong, nay la Hdi Ndng dan Viet Nam. Thang 11/1930, thanh lap Hgi Phan d l Ddng minh, Mnh thirc dau tidn cua Mat fr^n Dan tgc Thdng nhdt, nay la Mat fran Td qude Viet nam. Thang 3/1931, Dang lanh dao thanh lap Doan Thanh nien Cong san Viet Nam.
Nhiing to chirc chinh tri - xa hgi nay, ciing vdi Dang va Nha nude duge dinh danh trong nhidu giai doan eua sy nghidp each mang la he thdng chuydn chinh vd san; tii ngay ddi mdi dugc thd hien bdng thuat ngir he thdng chinh tri.
Thie hai, ed tinh nhdt nguyen chinh tii, td chiic va tu tudng. Chl dp chinh tri Viet Nam la tbl chd ehinh tri dang duy nhat edm quydn.
Trong nhung giai doan lich sir nhat dinh, ngoai Dang Cdng san Viet Nam cdn cd Dang DSn chu Viet Nam (1944-1988) va Dang Xa hpi Viet Nam (1946-1988). Tuy nhidn, hai dang nay dupc td chiie nhu nhiing dong minh ehidn lupc eiia Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, thira nhan vai trd lanh dao va vi fri cam quydn duy nhat eua Dang Cpng san Viet Nam. He thong cMnh tri d Viet Nam la the ehe nhat nguyen chinh tri, khdng tdn tai cae dang chinh frj ddi lap.
Tinh chat nhat nguyen ciing dupc thd hidn trdn phuong dien td chirc va tu tudng. Cae td chiic thanh vidn cua be thdng chinh tri diu do Dang Cdng san Viet Nam sang lap, vira ddng vai trd la hinh thirc td ehiic quydn lye eua Nhan dan (Nha nudc), td chiic tap hgp, doan kdt Nhan dan, dai dien cho y chi va nguyen vpng cua nhan dan (Mat tran Td qude va cae td chiie chinh tri - xa hdi), vira la td chirc ma qua dd Dang Cgng san thuc hidn su lanh dao ehinh tri ddi vdi xa hdi. Toan bd he thdng chinh fri ddu duge td chiic va hoat ddng trdn nin tang tu tudng la Chu nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tirdng Hd Chi Minh.
Thu ba, ed tinh thdng nhdt v l muc tieu, nguyen tdc to chiic va boat ddng. He thdng chinh tri Viet Nam bao gdm nhidu td chiie cd tinh chdt, vi tri, vai frd, chire nang khac nhau nhung ed quan h? chgt che, gdn bd vdi nhau[
tao thanh mgt thd thing nhdt. Su thdng nhat
3 7 / 2 0 1 9 ^
* Nghien cdu - Trao ddi 39 cua cac thanh vidn da dang, phong phii vd td
chirc, phuang thiec hoat dpng frong he thdng chinh tii da tao dieu kidn dd phat huy site manh ting hgp va tao ra su cdng hudng sire manh trong toan bp he thdng.
Tinh thing nhat ciia he thdng ehinh hi Viet Nam dugc xac dinh bdi cac ydu td: Sy lanh dao thing nhat cua dang duy nhat cam quyen la Dang Cgng san; sy thdng nhdt ve mue tidu chinh tri cua toan bg he thdng la "Dan giau, nudc manh, dan chu, cdng bang, van minh"; sy thdng nhat d nguydn tdc ea ban tiong td chiie va hoat ddng la tap tnmg dan ehii; sy thdng nhat cua h? thdng td chuc d timg cap, tir Trung uang den dia phucmg, vdi cac bd phan hgp thanh...
Thie tu, gdn bd vdi nhan dan, chiu sy kidm fra, giam sat eua nhan dan. Trong be thdng chinh tri cd eac td chiic chinh fri (nhu Dang, Nha nudc), eae td ehiic vira ed tinh chinh fri, vua cd tinh xa hdi (nhu Mat tran Td qude va cac td chiic ehinh tri - xa hdi khac). Do vay, he thong chinh tri khdng dimg fren xa hdi, tach khdi xa hpi (nhu nhiing lyc lugng ehinh tri ap biic xa hgi frong cae xa hdi ed boc lot), ma la mpt bp phan ciia xa hgi, gan bd vdi xa hdi. Cau noi quan frpng giiia he thdng chinh tri vdi xa hoi chinh la Mat tran Td qude va cac td chiic chinh tri - xa hdi.
Sy gan bd mat thidt giiia he thdng chinh fri vdi nhan dan duge thd hien trdn eae ydu td:
Dang Cgng san Viet Nam dai bidu cho lgi ich cua nhan dan lao ddng va toan dan tde; Nha nudc Vi?t Nam la nha nudc cua dan, do dan va vi dSn; Mat fran Td qude, cae td chiic chinh tri - xa hpi la hinh thirc tap hop, td chiic eiia chinh cac tang ldp nhan dan; mdi td chuc trong he thdng chinh tri la mpt phugng thire thye hien quyen lam ehu cua nhan dan.
Thir ndm, kdt hpp giiia tinh giai cap va tinh dan tpc. He thdng chinh tri Viet Nam dai dien cho nhidu giai cap, tang ldp nhan dan. Cac giai cap, tang ldp nhan dan dupc dai didn bdi cae to chirc thanh vidn frong he thing ehinh trj, ddu tiiiia nhan vai frd lanh dao cua Dang ma dpi tien phong la giai cap cdng nhan. Do vay.
h | thong chinh tri nudc ta mang ban sde giai cap cdng nhan va tinh dan tdc sau sde. Sy tdn tai eiia Mat fran Td qude Viet Nam vgi tu each la thanh vidn quan frgng eua he thing chinh fri la yeu td quan frgng tang cudng sy kit hpp gitta giai cap va dan tdc. Giai cap cdng nhan va cae giai cdp, tdng ldp xa hdi khae tir nam 1930 ddn nay gan bd khang khit vdi nhau trong sy nghidp each mang vi mue tieu dde lap dan tdc va chii nghia xa hdi.
2. Thyc trang hoat dong cua hd thfing chi'nh tri Viet Nam trong then ki ddi mod
- Uu diem, thdnh tuu
Khdi dai doan ket toan dan tdc tidp tuc dupc md rdng, ciing ed va tang cudng trong bdi canh dat nude ed nhidu khd khan, thach thiic. Mat tran Td qude Viet Nam va cac doan the nhan dan phat huy ngay cang tdt han vai trd tap hgp toan dan eiing Dang, Nha nude eham lo, bao vd quydn va Ipi ich hgp phap, ehinh dang ciia nhan dan; tham gia xay dung Dang, quan li nha nudc, quan H xa hdi. Viec thuc hidn Quy che dan chii d ca sd va Phap lenh thuc hien dan chil d xa, phudng, thi fran ed tidn bd.
Quydn lam chii ciia nhan dan dugc phat huy tdt bon frong cac linh vye eua ddi sdng xa hdi bang dan chu tryc tiep va dan chii dai dien, nhdt la trong ITnh vuc chinh tri va kinh tl. Vai frd cua phap Mat frong to chiie va boat dgng cua Nha nudc, frong quan li xa hdi ngay cang dugc dd eao. Ca che phan cdng, phdi hgp va kidm soat quyen lue frong td chiic va boat ddng cua Nha nudc dupe xac dmh rd ban va frong td chuc thyc hidn da cd nhirng budc tidn nhdt dinh. Trong sinh hoat cua Quoc hdi, viec thao Man, quyit dinh ke hoach phat trien kinb t l - xa hdi, ngan sach nha nudc, cae dy an, cdng trinh trpng didm qude gia cd chat lugng va thyc chdt ban. Cai each tu phap dugc thd chd trong Hiln phap, phap Mat va dugc trien khai thuc hidn nghiem tiic, dat kit qua quan trpng; td chtic bg may cua Tda an Nhan dan, Vien Kilm sat Nhan dan, co quan bd trg tu phap tidp tuc dupc kidn toan; chat lugng hoat ddng cd tiln bd, bao vd tot hon Igi ich ciia Nha
7/2019
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nude, quyen va Igi ich hgp phap cua td ehiic, ca nhan; ban ehe tinh frang oan, sai.
- Hgn ehe vd nhieng vdn de dgt ra Td chiie bp may ciia he thdng chinh fri van cdn cdng kdnh, nhidu tang nae, nbieu dau mdi;
hidu lyc, hieu qua boat ddng ehua dap irng yeu cau, nhidm vu. Chirc nang, nhidm vy, quydn ban, td chiic bd may, mdi quan he ciia mdt sd ca quan, td chue ehua that rd, cdn chdng cheo, trimg lap... Vide phan cdng, phan cap, phan quyen giira eac nganh, cac cap va trong timg CO quan, td chue ehua hpp 11, manh me va ddng bd; cdn tinh trang bao bidn, lam thay hoac bd sdt nhiem vu. Ca chl kiem soat quyen lue hidu qua chua cao; viec cdng khai, minh bach va frach nhiem giai trinh cdn han che. Cai each hanh chinh, nhat la eai each thii tyc hanh ehinh chuyen bien cham, khdng ddng bd, chua dap ung yeu cau.
Td chiic bd may, phuang thiic boat ddng ciia Mat tran Td qude va cac doan the chinh tri - xa hpi eham ddi mdi, mot sd nhidm vu cdn triing lap, van cdn tinh frang "hanh chinh hda",
"cong chiic hda". Co eau can bd, cdng ehiic, vidn chiic giiia cac cap va trong timg ea quan ehua hpp li; nang lue, trinh dp cua dpi ngii can bd chuydn trach cap co sd cdn han che. Ndi dung va phuong thirc boat ddng cd luc, cd noi chua thidt thue, Meu qua, thidu sau sat ea sd.
Td ehiic hpi quan chiing lap nhieu d cac cap, nhung CO sd vat chat va kinh phi hoat ddng chu yeu van dua vao ngan sach nha nudc.
3. Doi mdi hoat dpng cua he thong chinh tri Viet Nam trong boi canh mdi
- Boi cdnh cua the gidi todn cdu hda vd dat nu&c sau hffn 30 ndm ddi mdi
Thi gidi todn cdu hda Id mdt khdng gian kinh te, xa hgi, vdn hda vd chinh tri dang ngdy cdng dugc nhdt thi hda dudi su tae ddng eua qua trinh hgi nhap qude td do ddng dao cac qude gia - dan toe va eac ehu the quan he quoc td khae tridn khai.
Toan cau hda la qua trinh hen kdt, nhat thd hda kinh te, ki nghe, thdng tin, xa hgi, van hda, chinh tri trdn quy md toan thi gidi, bat dau
'Nghien cdu - Trao doi didn ra tir nbung nam 70 cua thd ki XX va ngay cang sdi dgng. Cac qude gia - dan tdc, cac tap doan kinh tl, cac thilt chl an ninh, chinh tri, van hda, khoa hoe - kT thuat, mdi tnrdng, cae td chire, ea nhan... chu ddng tham gia vao qua trinh toan cdu hda vdi tde dp ngay cang manh me, tao ra qua trinh hdi nhap qude td sau rdng hien nay. Cac chii thd lien ket dang xay dung dupc he tiidng Mat qude td; khudn khd, CO chl boat dgng qude td; cac chudi gia fri, chudn myc chung... dd van hanh thi tiudng kinh td toan cdu, didu phdi san khdu chinh' tri tbl gidi, phd bidn nhanh chdng va ddng nhat cac gia tn van hda, tinh thdn, eac ngudn thdrig tin... ddn toan bg cdng dong qude td. Cac qude gia - dan tdc, eac dang cam quyen va ehinh phii eua moi nudc, tuy van edn day du chirc tiach, quydn ban, nhung deu frd thanh bg phan ciia cac he thdng, cd frach nhidm tuan thu eac quy dinh ehung.
Thi gidl todn cdu hda Id cdng ddng, mdt xd hdi quoc ti dugc van hdnh trin ca sd nen qudn tri todn cdu, ben cgnh nen qudn tri qude gia. Quan tri toan cau (global governance) la mgt san pham eua lich sir, cd nguyen nhan tu chinh su van ddng cua nen kinh td, xa hdi, mdi trudng va chinh tri cua the gidi trong ki nguyen toan cau hda. Xet tir nguydn nhan kinh td - xa bdi, nhieu qua trinh va boat dgng kinh td, nhat la kinh td tai ehinh - tidn te, da vugt khdi nang lyc didu hanh ridng biet eua ehinh phii qude gia. Sy phu thudc lan nhau giiia eae nen kinh te va cudc dau tranh giai quyet eac van dd xa hdi, chdng ddi ngheo, benh tat, khiing hoang mdi trudng sinh thai... dat ra nhu edu sdng cdn phai xae lap mgt ca chl quan li hiiu hidu tren quy md thi gidi. Xet tii nguydn nhan chinh hi, thd gidi toan cau hda dang lam hinh thanh nin chinh tri thi gidi (world politic) nhu mgt chinh thd, khdng ddng khung trong Ipi ich qude gia, khdng cho phep sy dong nhdt theo qude gia frong qua trinh xay dung chuang trinh nghi sy, frong thiet kd ca cau to ehiic va frong boat ddng. Day chinh la co sd thuc tien trire tidp cho su ra ddi ciia su quan li toan cdu ma khdng
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• Nghien cdu - Trao ddi
cSn cMnh phu toan cau (global governance without global goverment).
Quan li toan cau khae vdi quan li bdi chinh phii qude gia. Chii the su dung quydn lye quan li khdng nhdt thidt phai la ehinh phii, ma cd tbl frd nen rdt da dang nhu mgt thidt chl lidn kit khu vuc; mdt hiep hgi quoc td ciia cac eong dan ty nguydn thudc nhidu qude gia; hoac mdt tap doan tu ban xuyen qude gia... Hien nay, da xudt Men ngay eang nhidu nhung nhan td mdi, phi nha nudc, phi quan phuong nhu cac nhom lgi ich, cdng ddng tdn giao, sac toe, hiep hoi chuyen mdn, nghd nghidp, td ehiic tir thidn, mang cdng dan.., Ca sd va tinh chat cua quydn lire quan li toan cau khdng mang tinh menh lenh phap quy, cd sue manh cudng che ma deu mang tinh ddng thuan, thdng nhat va ty nguyen. Chieu hudng van hanh cua quyen lyc quan li toan cau khdng thuan tyy theo chidu tu tren xudng dudi, ma da nguydn, da chieu, trong dd phd bidn la theo chidu ngang. Hoat dpng quan li khdng edn la mdt qua trinh ban bo menh lenh, ehd dinh chinh saeh dan hudng, ma la mdt qua trinh tae dpng qua lai gitia cac chil thd. Pham vi quan Ii toan cau vupt ra khdi khuon kho lanh thd qude gia, vira cd the la mOt khdng gian bao gdm bd phan cua lanh thd nhieu qude gia; vua cd thd la mdt khdng gian bao gom toan bd lanh thd eua nhieu quoc gia;
hoac toan bd lanh thd thd gidi.
Ddt nuac Viet Nam sau han 30 ndm ddi m&i tie ndm 1986 den nay da dgt dugc nhirng thdnh tuu to ldn, cd y nghia lich su frdn con dudng xay dyng chu nghia xa hdi va bao vd Td quoc xa hdi chu nghTa. Ddt nudc ra khdi khiing hoang kinh td - xa hdi va tinh trang kem phat tridn, frd thanh nudc dang phat triln cd thu nhap trung binh, dang day manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hda va hpi nhap quoc td. Tinh tir nam 1986 din nam 2018: tang trudng binh quan dat 6,63%/nam; GDP tang tir 14 ti Idn 245 ti USD; tong gia tri kim ngach xudt nhap khdu nam 2018 dat fren 482 ti USD, gdn gdp doi GDP; thu nhap binh quan ddu ngudi tang tir 230 USD Ien xdp xi 2.600 USD/nam; ti le
hd ngheo giam tir 60% cdn 6,8%; khoang each GDP/ngudi/nam thu hep: vdi Singapore tii 125 xudng edn 24 ldn; Thai Lan tir 16 xudng edn 2,5 ldn; Nhat Ban tir 267 xudng cdn 16 ldn...
Chinh fri - xa hpi dn dinh, qude phdng, an ninh dugc tang cudng. Van hda - xa hdi cd bude phat tnen, bd mat ddt nudc va ddi song ciia nhan dan cd nhidu thay ddi. Dan chu xa hdi chil nghta dupc phat huy va ngay eang md rpng. Dai doan ket toan dan tdc dupe eiing cd va tang cudng. Cdng tac xay dung Dang, xay dung Nha nude phap quydn va ea he thdng chinh tri dugc day manh. Siic manh vd mgi mat cua dat nude dugc nang len; kidn quydt, kien tri ddu tranh bao ve dpc lap, chu quydn, thdng nhat, loan ven lanh thd va ehd dp xa hdi chil nghia. Quan he ddi ngoai ngay cang md rdng va di vao chidu sau; vi thd va uy tin ciia Viet Nam frdn trudng qude te dupc nang cao.
Tuy nhien, ben canh nhiing thanh tyu dat dugc, Cling edn nhidu van de ldn, phiic tap, nhieu ban ehe, ydu kem can phai tap trung giai quyet, khac phyc dd dua dat nude phat trien nhanh va bdn vung. Kinh td phat fridn chua ben vting, chua tuong ximg vdi tidm nang, ydu eau va thuc t l ngudn lyc dupc huy ddng. Chat lugng, hidu qua, nang suat lao ddng xa hgi va nang lyc canh franh ciia ndn kinh td cdn thap.
Nhidu van de biie xuc nay sinh, nhat la cac van d l xa hdi va quan li xa hpi chua dugc nhan thire ddy dii va giai quydt cd hieu qua; cdn tidm dn nhiing nhan td va nguy ca mdt dn dinh xa hdi. Doi mdi chinh tri chua ddng bd vdi ddi mdi kinh tl; nang lyc va hieu qua boat dgng cua he thing chinh tri chua ngang tam nhiem vu. Tham nhung, lang phi didn bidn phiic tap.
Niem tin ciia can bg, dang vien va nhan dan cd mat bi giam siit.
- Dinh hudng ddi m&i hogt dpng cua he thdng ehinh tri Viet Nam
NgM quyit so 18-NQ/TW ngay 25/01/2017 ciia Ban Chdp hanh Trung uang Dang khda XII xae dinh mye tidu: "Tilp tuc ddi mdi, sdp xep td chiic bd may ciia he thdng chinh tri tinh gpn, boat ddng hieu lyc, hidu qua va phii hop vdi
' 7 / 2 0 1 9
'Nghien cdu -Trao ddi thd ehe kinh td thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi
chil nghia nham tang cudng vai frd lanh dao cua Dang; nang cao hidu luc, bidu qua quan li ciia Nha nude va chdt lupng boat ddng cua Mat fran Td qude, cac doan thd chinh tri - xa hdi; phat huy quydn lam chu ciia Nhan dan".
De thue hidn thanh cdng muc tidu quan frpng nay, can tridn khai eac phuang hudng ddi mdi he thing chmh tri Viet Nam:
Mdt Id, nang cao nang luc cam quyen ciia Dang va hieu lyc, hieu qua boat dgng eiia bd may nha nudc. Nang cao nang lyc cam quyen ciia Dang, trude hit la nang lyc dinh buong ehinh fri, hoach dinh dudng ldi, ehu truang, ehinh saeh. Xae dinh va phan ranh gidi rd ndi dung, pham vi lanh dao ciia Dang. Khae phuc sy chdng cheo, lan san, dm ddm, bao bien va tinh trang budng long frong lanh dao, quan li.
Ra soat, sap xep lai cac td chitc, ca quan don vi, kidn toan td ehiic bp may gan vdi hoan thien chuc nang, nhidm vu, nang eao chat lugng dpi ngii can bd, cdng ehiie. Nha nude khdng thanh lap va ddng thdi giai the nhiing CO quan, dan vi lam cdng vide ma xa hdi dam duang dupc. Nghien ciiu thye hidn thi diem hgp nhat mgt sd co quan Dang va Nha nudc tuong ddng vd chuc nang, nhidm vu. Xay dung va hoan thien quy che kidm soat quyen lyc va frach nhiem eiia ngudi dimg dau.
Hai Id, tidp tuc xay dung, hoan thidn Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi ehu nghia. Day la nhidm vy frpng tam cua ddi mdi he thdng chinh tri. Xay dung Nha nudc phap quydn pbai tien hanh ddng bp ca ba bd phan lap phap, hanh phap va tu phap, ca chinh quyen Trung uong va ca chinh quyen dia phuang. Luat hda, quy che hda vi tri, chirc nang, nhidm vu, quydn han va ea chd hoat ddng eiia cae thanh td cau thanh he thdng ehinh fri cung nhu cac quan he giiia cac thanh td cau thanh he thdng ehinh tri, bao dam mpi boat dpng cua hd thdng chinb tri trong khudn khd Hidn phap va phap Mat. Hoan thidn va thye hidn nghidm co che kiem soat quydn lyc, ngan ngira sy lam quydn, vi pham ki Mat, ki cuong. Tidp tue tidn hanh cai each
hanh chmh ddng bd, frong dd tSp timng quyet het cai each thu tyc hanh chinh; ddy nhanh tidn dp xay dyng chinh phu, chinh quydn dien tii^
Ba Id. tang cudng dan chii xa hdi chu nghia, bao dam quydn dan ehii thuc sy cua nhan dan. Xay dyng Mat fran Td qude Viet Nam va eac td chirc doan thd ehinh frj - xa hdi thyc su la ca sd cMnh fri cua Dang va chinh quyen nhan dan. Thd chl hda va nang cao chat Iugng eac hinh thiirc thyc hien dan chii tiTic tidp va dan chil dai didn. Tidp tiac thyc hidn tdt dan ehu d ca sd, gdn quydn vdi frach nhidm nghia vu, d l cao dao diic xa bgi. Tiep tyc lam rd ca che giam sat, phan bidn xa hdi cua Mat fran Td qude Viet Nam va cac td chuc thanh vien ddi vdi boat ddng ciia cae co quan nha nudc thdng qua cae ca sd phap li cu thd. Ra soat, sira ddi, bd sung hoac ban hanh mdi cae Mat vd td chirc va boat dgng ciia cac td ehiie ehinh tri - xa hdi cho phii hpp vdi cae quy dinh mdi ciia Hidn phap, thidt lap mdi quan he phu hpp vdi eac ca quan nha nudc dd bao dam phat huy siic manh, mye tidu, y nghia eiia timg to chirc trong vide tham gia xay dung nha nudc va bao vd Ipi ich hgp phap, phat huy dan chu eho eae thanh vidn. Xay dung ea chd giam sat eua nhan dan ddi vdi quyen lyc nha nudc; ddi mdi su tham gia ciia Mat tran Td quoc Viet Nam va eae td ehiic thanh vien frong boat ddng quan li Nha nude vaxa hdi.
Bdn Id, day manh cudc ddu tranh phdng, chong tham nhung, nhung bieu hidn suy thoai tir tudng chinh tri, dao diic ldi sdng trong mdt bd phan can bd, dang vidn, lam frong sach ndi bp Dang va eae co quan cdng quyin. Hoan thidn thd che phap Mat, chinh sach quan li kinh tl-xa hpi trdn cac ITnh vyc nhdm nang cao hidu luc quan Ii va tieh cue phdng ngira, ngan chan, hudng tdi loai bd nhtrng dilu kien, co hdi nay sinh tham nhung. Tang cudng cdng tae kidm tra, thanh tra, kidm toan, didu fra, truy td xet
%vi eac hanh vi tham nhiing. Nghidn ciiu td chiic Uy ban phdng, ehong tham nhung qude gia dgc lap, do Qude hdi thanh lap.Q
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