HIV/AIDS d Viet Nam Thac trang va thach thCfc

VAN HOA - XA HOI - Moi iRifdNG

HIV/AIDS d Viet Nam

Thac trang va thach thCfc

KHANH QUYNH

Sau gan 20 nam dat chan vao Viet Nam, vi rijt HIV trd thanh ke thu dang sg nhat ma loai ngudi phai doi phd.

N

am 2005, UNAIDS

(Chuong trinh phdi hgp ciia Lign hgp qude vg HIV/AIDS) da einh bio: Viet Nam dang dimg bgn bd dai djch AIDS. Thye tg cho thiy nhirng nim sau do, loii vi nit hinh cau gai nay da lay lan vdi tdc dp chdng mat. liy di sinh mang ciia hing ngin ngudi mdi nim vi danh sich nan nhin eiia AIDS ngay cang dii thgm. Di theo nd khdng chi li dau thuong, tang tdc ma cdn la rat nhieu tien bac, phi vd cau tnie gia dinh xa hdi, inh hudng tdi thg he gidng ndi.. .Udc tinh mdi nim Viet Nam phai chi hing trieu dd la cho phdng chdng

AIDS, mit di hing ngin lao ddng vi cd hing nghin trg em vd tdi khdng ed ca hdi trudng thanh.

Ngu nhu nam 1990 sd trudng hgp nhigrn AIDS mdi d eon sd khdi diu thi 4 nim sau, nim 1994 da phit hien 2500 trudng hgp HIV vdi 100 ngudi tir vong do AIDS.

4 nam tigp theo, sd

benh nhan HIV da tang gin 6 lan (14.000 ngudi) vi sd ngudi tir vong do AIDS ting 15 lan (1.550 ngudi).

Sd ngudi dau quan cho HIV/AIDS vin tiep tuc gia ting d cip sd nhin:

Nim 2000 ed 34 nghin benh nhan HIV vi 3 nghin ngudi da ehgt do

Trong giai doan tdi HIV se lan truyen nhanh qua dudng tinh

due, dudng tCr me sang con va

se lam ton hai rat Idn tdi nguon

lao dong tre

AIDS; nim 2005 cd 104 nghin ngudi nhiem HIV vi tren 10 nghin ngudi ehgt bdi AIDS; nam 2008 cd thg coi la nam dot bign khi ed tdi 178,3 nghin trudng hgp nhigm HIV duge phit hien, trong dd 71 nghin trudng hgp da chuyen sang giai doan AIDS vi 41,6 nghin trudng hgp da tu vong. Sd di ed hien tugng niy li do nam 2007 - 2008 da ed hang trim dy an phdng chdng AIDS dugc trign khai, die biet cic chuong trinh dy phdng lay nhiem, khuygn khich ngudi din tim dgn cic dich vu xet nghiem ty nguyen, tu van mign phi nen sd trudng hgp HFV duge phit hien kip thdi hon, chinh xac hon. Cu thg trong nim 2008, sd benh nhan mdi duge phat hien trgn 40 nghin ngudi, Idn hon

nhieu lin so vdi cic nam trudc, digu dd da mang lai hieu qui tdt cho viee quin ly, cham sde benh nhin HIV/

AIDS, han chg tinh trang lay lan trong cdrig ddng.

Theo sd lieu eiia Uy ban Phdng chdng AIDS Viet Nam, budc sang nim 2009, tuy sd benh nhan AIDS van khdng ngimg tang lgn song sd ca tu vong da bat dau chung lai.

Tinh den thing 11/2009, trudng hgp nhiem HIV ci nudc da lgn tdi 201,5 nghin ngudi, trong dd 79,3 nghin trudng hgp da chuyen sang giai doan AIDS vi 44,2 nghin ngudi da tir vong do AIDS (sd benh nhan duge edng ddn qua cic nam). So vdi nim 2008, sd trudng hgp nhigm HIV ting thgm 23,2 nghin ngudi, benh nhan AIDS tang thgm 8,3 nghin ngudi vi sd tii vong tang thgm 2,6 nghin ngudi.

Ding chii y li trong nam 2008- 2009 do trign khai tdt cic chucmg trinh dy phdng lay nhiem, nhieu benh nhan HIV duac digu tri tich

22 CON s6 & sy KIEN THANG 12-2009

cue khien nguy ea chuyen sang AIDS duge han chg dang kg. Ngu nam 2005, ty ie dan sd 1 5 - 4 9 tudi sdng chung vdi HIV duge udc tinh la 0.51% thi nam 2009 ty le nay da cd xu hudng chiing lai d mire 0,53%, nghia li sau 3 nim chi tang thgm 0,02%. Hign ty le ngudi nhigm HIV trung binh ca nudc la 183 ngudi/100.000 din. Khu vyc mign Ddng Nam bd cd ty le liy nhiem eao nhat vdi 323 ngudi/100.000 din, thip nhat la khu vyc Tay Nguygn va Duygn hii mign Trung vdi 46 - 44 ngudi/100.000 din. Thinh pho Hd Chi Minh vin la dja phuang cd ty le ngudi nhigm HIV/AIDS eao nhat nude: 609 ngudi/100.000 dan. Sd ngudi nhiem HFV duge phit hieii tai day chigm gan 1/3 trong tdng sd ngudi nhigm dugc phit hien tign toan qude va ti le liy truyen tir me sang con la 6%... Thinh phd Hi Ndi ciing li mdt trong nhirng trpng digm HIV/AIDS vdi 29/29 quin/huyen va 426/577 xa/phuong ed ngudi nhiem HIV; 87%o sd ngudi nhigm HIV/AIDS d lira tiidi 20-39. Tinh dgn nay. Hi Ndi di cd khoing trgn 15 nghin benh nhan HIV dang cdn sdng vdi ty le nhiem vio khoing 290 ngudi /100 dan. Ding chii y li sd ca nhigm mdi ciing da bit diu giam xudng, cu thg hong 9 thing dau nam thanh phd phit hien 1.476 ngudi nhiem mdi (giim 20,65% so ciing ky nim 2008).

Tuy nhign tit ci nhung con sd trgn mdi la phan ndi eua tang bang chim, sd n ^ d i nhigm HIV/ AIDS trgn thye te khic xa nhieu so vdi sd lugng duge bio eio. Theo ket qui nghign cim nam 2006 vg tinh trang

"HIV/AID tai Viet Nam" ciia Uy ban Din sd gia dinh va trg em (nay la Tdng cue Din sd vi KHHGD), sd ngudi sdng chung vdi HIV nam 1992 dugc udc tinh li 3 nghin ngudi, nim 2000 la 120 nghin ngudi, nam 2004 la 241 nghin ngudi, nam 2008:

302 nghin ngudi vi nim 2010 udc tinh se ed trgn 310 nghin ngudi sdng chung vdi HIV. Nhu vay sd lieu thye

udc tinh ludn eao hon nhigu so vdi sd duge bio eio.

Uy ban phdng chdng AIDS cho bigt, tdi cudi nam 2009 tren ea nudc da ed 100% cic tinh, thinh phd, 97,5% cic huyen vi trgn 70,5% cac xa, phudng bio eio ed ngudi nhigm HIV d mdt sd tinh, thinh phd ed 100% sd xa, phudng bio eio cd ngudi nhigm HFV. Mae dii tdc dp lay lan eua dich da bit diu cham lai trong nhdm cd hinh vi nguy ca cao nhu nghign chieh ma tiiy, gii bin dim, nhung cd xu hudng gia ting trong nhdm phu nir mang thai vi da dang hda ddi tupng nhigm d nhigu nginh nghg khic nhau. Sd ngudi nhigm HIV/AIDS d Viet Nam vin tigp tuc xu hudng tre hoi, die biet nhdm tudi 20-29 (chigm tdi 55,1%), chi giam khoing 1%. Hon 80% sd ngudi nhigm HIV tap trung trong nhdm tudi 20 - 39 ; ti le nam gidi nhiem HIV li 82,04%, gip 4 lan nir...

TTieo nhin djnh ciia cic nhi ehuygn mdn, dai djch AIDS ciia nudc ta dang trong giai doan tap trung, tuy nhign thye te da cho thay nhiing diu hieu biing nd. Hien ei nude ed khoing 160.000 ngudi nhigm HIV dang cdn sdng, gin 170.000 ngudi nghien ma tuy, hon 15.000 ngudi bin dam (tinh chung, ty le liy nhigm qua dudng mau chigm tdi 53%, dudng tinh due 28%). Ding luu y la ed tdi 27% ti le ngudi khdng rd

250000 200000 150000

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S6 tnrdng hpp nhiem HIV, AIDS va ti> vong do AIDS ir V4t Nam 2005 - 2009

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1580

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2006 2007 :

D So ngu-cri nhiem HfV

• So nguai nhi^m AIDS

• So ngu'cri tu' vong do AIDS 1000 H '

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>008 2009 (So lieu thang 11 nam 2009) Ngu6n: Cgc phong ch6ng AIDS Vi^t Nam, Bp Y te

THANG 12 211 CONSO&SlJKlEN 2 3

VAN HOA - XA HOI - Moi TRUciNG

dudng liy nhigm. Mdi nam, tai Viet Nam ed khoing 7.000 phu nir mang thai nhigm HIV vdi khoing 3.000 tre cd nguy ca nhigm HIV sau sinh (ty le liy nhigm HIV tii me sang con tai Viet Nam dang d mire eao 30- 35%)). Diy ehinh la nhiing dudng lay nhiem co bin, li sgi day dan nd dang im i chiy vi chd thai ca biing phit. Dieu ding lo ngai nhit li phan Idn ngudi nhiem AIDS lai thudc ve lye lugng din sd trg, nhirng ngudi dang trong tudi lao ddng vi sinh sin. Nhu vay, trong giai doan tdi HIV se lan truyen nhanh qua dudng tinh due, dudng tir me sang eon vi se lim tdn hai rit Idn tdi ngudn lao ddng tig.

Cd thg ndi ''dodn truae duac hdnh trinh vd gidm bat fidu qud ctia HIV/

AIDS" ehinh li muc tigu sd mdt ciia cdng tic phdng chdng AIDS. Dudi su hd tig eiia rit nhigu td chirc qude tg, die biet li bing su nd luc eiia toan din vi ehinh phii quygt tam day liii dai dich, nhirng nam gin day, cdng tic phdng chdng AIDS da dat duge mdt sd muc tigu ding khich le vi "cudc chign" da he Id nhiing tia hi vpng mdi.

Theo UNAIDS, nam 2009 ed khoang 45% tdng sd ngudi (khoang 35 nghin benh nhin) nhigm

HIV/AIDS tai Viet Nam dugc tiep can cic phuong phip dieu tri, ti le dugc dieu tri tang 15% so nam 2007.

Hien nay, 63/63 tinh/thinh phd da trign khai dieu tri bang thudc die hieu khing vi nit ARV, vdi tien 288 digm dieu tri; cd 61/63 tinh, thinh phd da thinh lap Trung tim phdng, chdng HIV/Albs vdi 256 phdng tir vin xet nghiem HFV ty nguyen.

Hien ca nude cd ^an 3500 tuygn truygn vign ddng ding nhdm ngudi tigm chieh ma tuy, tren 3.000 tuygn truygn vign ddng ding nhdm ngudi bin dam, tren 8.500 cdng tie vign tham gia cic ehuong trinh can thiep giim tie hai dy phdng lay nhigm HFV. Day ehinh li lye lugng ndng cdt gdp phin khdng nhd vao viee trign khai cic chuong trinh thdng tin, giio due tdi tan thdn, xa gdp phin khdng nhd vio viee thay ddi nhin thirc ve AIDS, giim tdc do liy lan ciia dai dich AIDS.

Bgn canh dd, chuang trinh 100%

bao eao su da dugc tridn khai tai 2.110 xi ciia 363 huyen tien 57 tinh, thinh phd, vdi tdng sd tien 13 trieu bao cao su da duge phan phit mien phi; Chuang trinh bam kim tigm trign khai tai 382 huyen trgn 60 tinh thinh phd vdi sd bom kim tigm saeh phit mign phi trgn 16 trieu ehige;

Chuang trinh dieu tii thi diem thudc thay thg Methadone da dugc dieu tii tai 6 digm digu tii ciia 2 thanh phd Hii Phdng va Thinh phd Hd Chi Minh ....

Tit ea nhiing nd luc tien vi nhigu cic hoat ddng khac da gdp phan lam cho dich HIV d Viet Nam trong nam 2009 ed chidu hudng chiing lai vi khdng tang nhanh nhu nhiing nam trude day. Tuy nhign cdn rat nhigu gian nan tien chang dudng chdng AIDS. Trudc het do Ii ngan sich cho phdng chdng AIDS rat han hep, cic chuang trinh giim tic hai, dy phdng liy nhigm hien nay dang phu thudc rat nhidu vao cac dy in qude tg do dd do bao phii chuong trinh mdi chi dat 50% so huyen thi...

Digu kien kinh te ngheo nan, trinh do dan tri chua cao, thii do ky thi phan biet ddi xu cdn rit ning ne eiing li indt trong nhiing nguyen nhan khien HFV lan nhanh tiong cdng ddng. Can phai nhan thiic rang chiing ta "chi co the khong che AIDS khi biet song chung vai AIDS' va bigt bao ve nhiing nan nhan cua AIDS. Dd ciing la tigng tam chu dg thing hanh ddng qude gia phdng chdng AIDS nam 2009: "Tigp can phd cap va quygn con ngudi"./.

A '

BAC NINH: OAY MANH...

(Tiep theo trang 20) day da bign thinh hd ci rpng, vdi gin

6 ha dien tich mat nudc vi chudng trai chin nudi, ven bd li hing tram gdc ciy in qui, sat ngay Idi vio khu chudng trai khang trang vdi 500-600 diu lgn thjt vi 100 con lgn nii vi nhigu bg nudi ba ba gidng, mdi nim gia dinh anh xuat hing tram tan lgn thjt, lgn nii vi ca cic loai. Dii moi TT ed cich thirc td chirc sin xuit rigng, lya chgn ddi tugng cay trdng, vat nudi khic nhau nhung dgu ed die digm chung la khai thie cd hieu qua quy dat, ngudn vdn dg dat hieu qui kinh tg eao nhat. Khdng chi dimg lai phuc vu cho nhu cau tigu dimg trong gia dinh mi mue tieu eua TT li sin xuat ra sin phim hang hoi dip img ygu cau ngiy eing cao eiia thj trudng. KTTT xuit hien ngiy cang

nhieu trgn khap cae xa, phudng, thi tian, gdp phin quan tigng vio cdng tie xoi ddi giiin ngheo, huy ddng cic ngudn lye dg phit trign kinh te - xa hdi d ndng thdn, lim thay ddi dien mao kinh te ndng nghigp, ndng thdn Bac Ninh.

Tuy vay, phit tridn KTTT d Bac Ninh hieii cdn khdng it khd khin, vudng mie. Sy hinh thinh vi phit trign TT thdi gian qua mang tinh ty phit, thieu quy hoaeh lim cho TT phit trien manh mun, khdng bdn viing. Trinh do ehuygn mdn, kinh nghigm sin xuit cung nhu quin ly ciia chii TT cdn yeu vi thigu. Sin phim cua TT chii yeu tieu thy thdng qua thuong Iii ngn thudng bi ep cap, ep gii, gay thiet hai cho sin xuat.

Dg KT TT phit trien ben viing,

nginh ndng nghiep va chinh quygn cic dia phuong cin xiy dyng quy hoaeh phii hgp vdi timg loai hinh TT, khuyen khich va tao digu kien thuan lgi dg ddn dien ddi thiia, md rong quy md sin xuat cay hang nim, thuj san. Can cd chinh sich hd tig vg vdn, ky thuat edng nghe, dio tao nghg; day manh cdng tic phdng chdng dich, benh nham han che nii ro trong sin xuat; khuyen khich phat trign cic doanh nghiep che bien ya tigu thy ndng sin cho TT; cung cap thdng tin thj trudng tigu thu ndng san tiong va ngoii nude de TT chuygn djch ea ciu ciy trdng, vat nudi phu hgp. Digu quan tigng la phai nang eao trinh do chuyen mdn v i quin ly cho cic chii TT ./.

2 4 CON S6 & SU KIEN : HANG 12/2009