LUAT PHAP
HanghSi _
Hoan thien de hoi nhap
HAVliT
14 van de can sufa ddi, bd sung Dai dien Nhdm chuyen gia ra sodt, Luat sU Ngd Khac Le-Cdng ty Vietfracht trinh bay 14 van de cua Bd ludt HHVN can dupe ra soat vdi 4 tieu chi gdm tinh minh bach, tinh thdng nhat, tinh hpp ly va tinh khd thi. Ket qua ra soat, tdng hpp nay se la cP sd phdp ly thUe tien cho viee tiep tue ehinh sUa, hoan thien Bd luat HHVN, nham mue tieu hoan thien va chuan hda he thdng phdp ludt hang hdi qudc gia, ddm bdo ndng lUc hdi nhdp sau rdng vd toan dien cua Viet Nam vdo nen kinh te the gidi cung nhU nang cao vj the eiia Viet Nam tren trUdng qudc te.
Nhdm chuyen gia ra soat eho rang, ed quy djnh khdng rd rang ve dja vj phap ly eua "ngudi giao hang" va "ngUdi girl hang". Vi trong thUe te, khdng it doanh nghiep VN xuat khau hdng theo dieu kien FOB tU cho minh la "ngUdi giao hang" de khdi kien ngUdi van chuyen ddi bdi thudng tdn that mat mat hang hda song lai khdng chUng minh dupe dua tren eP sd phdp ly nao de khdng djnh minh cd quyen khdi kien ngUdi van chuyen. Theo y kien eiia nhdm
Bp ludt Hdng hdi ndm 2005 (cd hieu lUc tdngdy 01/01/2006) ra ddi dd tgo hdnh lang phdp ly khd hodn chinh ve cdc hogt dpng hdng hdi. Tuy nhien, trong qud trinh thuc hien, Bp ludt ndy dd ddn bpc Ip nhOng hgn che, yeu cdu phdi dUdc sda doi. Deed CO sd cho kien nghj sda doi, Phdng Thuong mgi vd Cdng nghiep Viet Nam (VCCI) da phdi hgp vdi Vdn phdng Chinh phu trong khudn khd hop tac vdi Dgi sd qudn Anh tai
Viet Nam vd Bp Phdt trien Anh qudc to chde "Hpi thdo hodn thien bdo edo rd sodt Bp ludt Hdng hdi".
chuyen gia, can sifa ddi lai djnh nghTa ve
"ngudi giao hang" va "ngUdi girl hang"
theo hudng gdp lam mdt nhUng cd hai y nhu sau: "NgUdi giri hang la ngUdi tU minh hoac uy thac cho ngUdi khac giao ket hpp ddng van chuyen vdi ngUdi van chuyen, hoac la ngUdi tU minh hoac uy thac ngUdi khac giao hang eho ngUdi van chuyen tren co sd hpp ddng van chuyen da ky ket vdi ngudi van chuyen".
Lien quan den ede quy djnh vexirly vi pham hanh ehinh, mac du vUa cd Nghj djnh 48 quy djnh ve xU phat vi pham hanh chinh trong ITnh vUc hang hdi thay the Nghj djnh 62, tuy nhien eae quy cfinh ve xir phat vi pham hdnh chinh trong ITnh vUe hang hdi edn rat nhieu bat
cap. VI dae thu eiia ngdnh HHVN , mdt sd cdng vu ed dai dien d rat xa tru sd, dieu nay gdy ra nhUng khd khan trong viee dam bdo thdi gian thUe hien theo quy djnh phdp ludt ve xU phat vi pham hdnh chinh. Theo Diem b, Khodn 2, Dieu 29 Nghj djnh 48/2011/ND-CP quy djnh mUe xir phat hanh ehinh thupc quyen ciia gidm ddc edng vu hang hdi tdi da la 10 trieu ddng trong khi dd rat nhieu cac hanh vi vi pham vUpt qud mUc xii phat tren. Trong khi, vide phdi hpp ciia mdt sd UBND tinh ehUa tdt dan den viee ban hanh quyet djnh xif phat vi pham hanh ehinh trong ede trUdng hpp chuyen hd so ve UBND tinh khi vUpt qua tham quyen eiia Gidm ddc Cdng vu hang h^i
3 6 - Tapchf HdnghaiVietNam • 10/2011
thudng khdng dung thdi gian theo quy dmh. Do dd, can tdng tham quyen xii phat, mUc phat eua gidm ddc cdng vu len 50 trieu ddng. Ngodi ra, can bd sung them tham quyen cho cae trUdng dai dien, nhan vien edng vu (quy djnh tham quyen theo mUc phat) cd the quyet djnh xif phat hanh chfnh trong ITnh vpc hang hdi.
Ve quy dmh bat giO tau bien, tai Dieu 43 ve ddm bdo tai chfnh eho yeu eau bat giUtau bien quy djnh "de thUe hien viee bat giUtau bien, ngudi yeu cau bat giU phdi bdo ddm tai chfnh theo hinh thUe vd gid trj do tda an quy djnh tuong duong vdi thiet hai cd the phdt sinh do viec yeu cau bat giUtau bien".TrongthUe te, vide xdc djnh sd tien de bdo ddm tai chfnh gap rat nhieu khd khan do khdng cd quy djnh eu the ve viee xac djnh gia trj nay. Ngoai ra, tai Diem d, Dieu 10 cua Nghj djnh sd 57/2010/ND-CP cua Chfnh phu quy djnh ehi tiet va hudng dan thi hanh Phdp lenh thu tuc bat giUtau bien quy djnh "Bd Tai chfnh hudng dan ehi tiet viee bdo dam ehi phf thue hien bat giU tdu bien tU ngan sdeh Nha nude".
Den nay, BpTai chfnh van chua ed thdng tu hudng dan thuc hien, gdy dnh hudng va khd khan trong qua trinh thue hien bat giU tdu bien theo lenh eiia tda an.
Theo dd, can ed quy djnh ve viec xdc djnh gia trj ddm bdo tdi ehinh lam eo sd de tda dn ra quyet djnh bat giU va quy djnh chi tiet vide bdo ddm ehi phi thue hien bat giU tau bien thudc ngdn sdeh Nha nude.
Ve quy djnh ddi vdi thuyen vien, can sdm hodn thien cac quy djnh eiia phdp luat lien quan den quyen va nghTa vu cOa thuyen vien, ddng thdi da'y nhanh tien trinh gia nhap Cdng Ude qudc te ve lao ddng hang hai-MLC 2006 de ed co sd phdp ly bdo ve quyen Ipi eho thuyen vien.
Ddi vdi cac quy djnh ve tham quyen va thdi hieu xii ly tranh chap trong ITnh VUc hdng hdi, thUc te hau het cdc van don dudng bien deu quy djnh "tham quyen tai phdn, tat cd nhUng tranh chap phat sinh tU hode ed lien quan den van don dudng bien ndy se dupe gidi quyet tai nude tdu mang ky hieu hode neu cd quy djnh khdc Id tai ndi thda thudn chung bdi ngUdi van chuyen vd thuong nhan". Vi vdy, tren thue te tda an Viet Nam khdng cd tham quyen gidi quyet cdc tranh chap nay, gay dnh hudng Idn den quyen vd Ipi ich hpp phdp ciia doanh nghiep Viet Nam ndi chung vd
doanh nghiep bdo hiem ndi rieng.
Dieu 97 cua Bd ludt HHVN quy djnh, thdi hieu khdi kien la mdt ndm ke tU ngay trd hang hoac ngdy le ra phdi trd hang, trong khi dd, Dieu 118 cung eua Bd ludt nay lai quy djnh thdi hieu khdi kien ve viee thUe hien hpp ddng thue van chuyen theo chuyen la hai ndm. Theo dai dien eua nhdm chuyen gia ra sodt, viec quy djnh hai nam nhU vdy lam eho cdc chu tau Viet Nam bj thiet thdi rat Idn vl theo thdng Id qudc te, thdi hieu khdi kien ve hU hdng mat mat hang hda, dii la theo van don thdng thudng hay van don cap theo hpp ddng thue tau chuyen, deu la mdt nam. Khi Viet Nam quy djnh hai nam thi chu tau Viet Nam tU minh phdi chju trdeh nhiem khi khieu kien ve viee mat mat hang hda bj keo dai sang nam thUhaL
Ben canh dd, nhUng van de ve trach nhiem eua td chUe dang kiem ddi vdi ede giay td ky thuat do minh cap.khdng khdp vdi thUe trang eiia tau; eae quy djnh ve thdi gian bdc hang trong hpp ddng van chuyen theo chuyen; cac hudng dan eu the khi dp dung eac quy djnh lien quan tdi hpp ddng van chuyen hang hda bang dudng bien; ve tham quyen" cdng bd thdng bao hang hdi;
ve dang ky mau van ddn; quy dinh ve dang kiem tau bien Viet Nam; quy djnh ve gidm ddc edng vu hang hdi; khd nang di bien eiia tau, mien trach nhiem eiia ngUdi van chuyen, gidi han trach nhiem eiia ngUdi van chuyen cung dupe ede chuyen gia eho rang can ed quy djnh sUa ddi, bd sung trong dpt rd sodt ndy eho phu hpp vdi thdng le qudc te.
Can nhanh chong hoan thien Cd the ndi, vide sUa ddi nhUng bat cap eua Bd luat HHVN se lam don gidn hda ede dieu kien kinh doanh, thu tuc hanh chinh, gidm chi phi eho doanh nghiep; ddng thdi eho phep ede giao djch thuong mai hang hai eua eae doanh nghiep trong va ngodi nUde dugc tien hanh mpt each nhanh ehdng, lanh manh va binh ding. Vi vdy nhieu y kien ddng gdp cOa cdc ben lien quan deu mong mudn Bd luat nhanh ehdng dupe sUa ddi, bd sung de hoan thien.
Theo bd Trjnh Thj Thu HUOng-TrUdng Dai hpe Ngoai thUPng Ha Ndi, cae thuat ngO thdng dung trong Bd ludt nen chuan hda (xep dd hdng hda thay vl Id bdc dd hang hda, trd hang...); nen ed mdt phan djnh nghTa ve cac thuat ngU dugc sii dung trong ludt rdi mdi den
LUAT PHAP
phan cu the hda eae thuat ngU dd (vi du: tau tran, tau djnh han, tdu chuyen..., ngudi giri hang, ngudi giao hang bdc hang, ngudi nhan hang..., tdn that toan bd thue te, tdn that toan bd Ude tfnh,...).
Theo dng Dd Xuan Quynh, can dOn gidn hda cae thu tuc cho thuyen vien.
Vf du nhu thuyen vien vUa phdi mang hd chieu phd thdng vUa phai mang hd chieu thuyen vien, hd chieu phd thdng cd gid trj 10 nam trong khi hd chieu thuyen vien cd gid trj hai nam. Cae chufng chi can thiet eiia thuyen vien khi den han gia han hode ddi ky han mdi phdi ve VN mdi ed the cap ddi. Ddi vdi thuyen vien di tuyen vien duong thi viec ve Viet Nam de cap ddi nay la rat khd khan va tdn kem.
Tai Dieu 43 quy ^ n h ve bdo dam tai ehinh eho yeu cau bat giU tau bien, ba Nguyen Thu HUdng-Cdng ty CP Van tdi Bien Bac eho rang ddi chieu quy djnh nay thue te dp dung tai Viet Nam, hau nhu ehua ed trudng hpp nao bj bat giU do thue te gia trj tau thudng Idn (vai trieu USD) nen khdng the ed khodn dat epe nao dupe thUe hien du phia yeu cau bdt giU da xuat trinh dii eae tai lieu chufng minh quyen Ipi ciia minh bj xam hai.
Dai dien Bd GTVT, ba Trjnh Minh Hien- Vu trudng Vu Phdp che cho rdng, de tang hieu lue qudn ly, can tang tham quyen xii phat va mUe xU phat ciia ede gidm ddc cdng vu hang hdi. MUc cao nhat la 10 trieu ddng nhu hien nay qua thap, de sinh "nhdn" luat vl doanh nghiep thudng chap nhan nop phat de tdn tai. MUe phat du kien se nang len 50 trieu ddng.
Ngoai ra, cung can bd sung them tham quyen cho cdc trudng dai dien cdng vu, nhan vien cang vu hdng hdi... dupe ra quyet djnh xii phat hanh ehlnh.
Djch vu van chuyen hang hda qudc te bang dudng bien ngay cdng phdt trien thi cac dang hpp ddng, cae tap qudn, cac quy pham vd che djnh phdp luat thude ITnh vUe ndy, du la ed dien hay hien dai, ngdy edng trd nen da dang, phong phu va kha phUe tap. Theo xu hudng toan cau hda dd, vide sUa ddi, bd sung se gdp phan lam eho Bd luat flHVN tuong thich vdi cdc thdng le, tap quan vd each hieu phd bien trong nganh HHVN va thuong mai qudc te, giup nang eao dja vj phdp ly va uy tin eiia ngdnh HHVN.
Cae y kien gdp y de hodn thidn Bp ludt HHVN se dUpe Bd GTVT tdng hpp vd du kien trinh Qudc hdi sUa ddi Bd ludt vdo ndm 2014vt
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