Hoi Dialy ViSt Nam Dai hgc Thai Nguyen DIA HINH BCJ BIEN VA DAO TRONG PHAT T R I E N KINH TE Of VIET NAM
Vu Van Phdi', Duong Tuan Nggc', Hoang Thi Thiiy', Luu Thanh Trung^
Abstract
Coastal landforms and islands in marine economic development in Vietnam
Viel Nam has more than 3,500 km in length and about 3.000 islands and 2 archipenlagoes as Hoang Sa and Truong Sa The coastal and island landforms are very diversified on genesis, morphology, spatial scales and their materials. The coastal and island landforms have used and using in both indirection as infrastructures (including settlements, urban and industrial areas, resorts and jumping-offplace lo Ihe open sea), and direction as tourism and nature conservation for development of marine economics
1. M6 DAU
Dia hinh mat dat ndi chung, cung nhu dia fainfa bd bien vd ddo ndi rieng Id mdt co sd tu nhien quan trong dfi phdt trifin kinh tfi-xa hpi va nd duge xem Id "san khdu" dS con ngudi "trinh diSn"
mgi hogt ddng cua minfa. Viec su dung dia hinh mat ddt pfagc vu cho cdc muc dich ca ve vgt cfaat vd tmh than ciia con ngudi da dugc thgc faipn tii rat lau, ngay ca tu khi chua cd con ngudi hien dai (Modem Humans faoac Homo Sapiens). Tii Iiic so kfaai, dia fainfa chi dugc su dung Idm noi cu tni.
Cang ngdy, dia fainh edng duoc su dung cho nhifiu muc dich kfaac nhau trong phdt trien kinfa tfi-xa hdi-Id nen tang cfao vific xdy dung co sd faa tang, bo tri cdc loai hinh san xuat (ndng nghiep, lam nghiep, giao thdng vgn tai, du Ueh, v.v.), trong phdt trien van fada (tdm linfa, dan gian, v.v.) Cfao den nay, dia fainfa dugc xem Id tu lieu sdn xuat dudi mdt kfadi niem cfaung la dat dai. Do dat dai, hoac dia hinh tren mgt lanh tfao nao dd dugc hinh thanfa va tifin hda trong khoang thdi gian rdt lau dai, tham chi tdi hdng tiieu ndm, nen tiong qud trinh su dgng, con ngudi da lam bifin doi nd, tham cfai lam bien mat nd mpt each vTnh vien cfai tiong kfaoang tfadi gian rat ngan Do do, dia hinh mgt dat ndi cfaung, cung nfau dia hinfa bd bien vd cdc dao, quan dao ndi rieng Id mpt nguon tdi nguyen thien nhien khdng tai tgo. Tai nguyen dia fainh dupc xdc dinh theo cac 4 tiSu chi Id: gia tri khoa hpc, gid tri van hda-xa hdi, gid tri kinh te vd tru cpt cua fae sinfa tfadi (hinh 1 [1]) Tuy nhiSn, tfaeo quan diem ciia dia mao fapc faien dai, thi doi tuong nghien ciiu cua dia mao fagc kfadng cfai don tfauan Id dia fainh mat dat, md cdn cd thanh pfaan vgt cfaat cau tao nen chiing. Bdi the, tiong chung mgc nao dd, thanfa pfaan vat cfaat ciia mdt so thanh tao dia hinfa cd tfae dugc khai thac phuc vu cho cupc song, nhu khai tiidc da, cdt-sdi lam vgt Hfiu xay dung Vdi each nfain nhu vay, tdi nguyen dia hinh cd tfae dugc cfaia tfaanh: tai nguyen lay dugc vatdi nguySn khdng lay dugc (fainh 1 [1]). Vi vay, ciing nfau cac loai tdi nguyen khdng tdi tgo khac, con ngudi can biet su dgng nd mdt cdch khdn ngoan
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Hoi Dia ly Viet Nam Dai h9C Thai NguySn 2. KHAI QUAT DAC DIEM DIA HINH B 6 BIEN VA DAO VIET NAM
Do dupc hinh thanh va phat trien tren nhi6u dan vi ciu tnic dia chat chat khac nhau va co su phan di ro ret ve khi hau, ch6 dp thiiy-hai van, nen dia hinh bo bien va cac dao rat phong phii va da dgng. Tren co so cac ket qua nghien cuu dia mao bo bien [2, 3], co the chia dia hinh d ^ bo bien Viet Nam thanh 4 vimg: Viin^ I: Bo tay vinh Bic Bp tit Mong Cai den Hai Van va dupc chia thanh 4 phu vung; Vung II Bo bien Nam Trung Bp tir Hai Van den Ca Na; Viing III; B P bien Bmh Thuan va Nam Bp tir Ca Na dSn Ca Mau va dupc chia thanh 2 phu vimg va Vung IV; 3 6 dong vinh Thai Lan tir Ca Mau d6n Ha Tien (bang I)
KyySu Hqi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly toUiT^lSiriAi thi 7
Hgi Dia Iy Viet Nam Dai hoc Thdi Nguyen 3. DIA HINH B O BIEN VA D A O L A MOT LOAI TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN Theo quan niem neu tren, thi dia fainfa mat dat ndi chung vd dia hinh bd bien ciing nhu cac dao ndi rieng da dugc con ngudi su dgng tir rdt lau. Ngay tir thdi nguyen thuy, nhiing ngudi cd dgi Viet Nam da bifit su dung cdc hang dd, mdi da de lam nen cu tni Sau dd Id cfamh phuc cac thanh tgo dia hinfa cd ngudn gdc kfaac nfaau va dp eao kfaac nfaau de bd tri noi d vd nai san xudt. Tuy nhien, tiong y thuc ciia loai ngudi cua nfaieu thdi dai van khdng tdn tai khai niem tdi nguyen dia fainfa. Quan nifim dia hinfa la mdt loai tdi nguyen thien nfaien chi mdi dugc ra ddi tir cuoi thfi ky 20.
Ngudi dau tien dua ra quan mem ve tai nguyen dia fainh va cac qua trinh dia mao la Panizza M.- mgt nha dia mgo ngudi Y [5] Ciing cfainh nhd khoa hgc nay da dua ra 4 tieu chi ve gia tri de danh gid dia hinh va cac qud trinh dia mgo la tai nguyen bao gdm: gia tri khoa hpc, gia tri van hda, gia tri kinfa te-xd hgi vd gid tri pfaong canfa. Trong khi dd, khi ddnfa gid da dang dia hpc la tai nguyen, thi Gray M lgi dua ra cdc gid tri bao gom gia tri npi tgi, gia tri van hda va tfaam my, gid tri kinh te va gia tn khoa hoc vd giao due [4]. Tir dd dSn nay, quan niem nay cdng duoc nfaieu ngudi cdng nhan vd phat trien, Cdn Simonov va Krujalin lai cho rdng dia hinh mat dat la co sd cua canh quan fapc thgc faien mdt logt efauc nang quan trong, ma khi bi pfaa faiiy, se gay ra su thay doi mdi tiudng vd Id
"san khau" de lodi ngudi "trinh dien" cdc hoat dgng cua minh [6] Khdng nfairng tfafi, dia hinh cdn la nfin tang nang dd cho cdc nguon tdi nguyen kfadc, nfau tai nguyen tho nhuong, tai nguyen nude, tdi nguyen sinh vgt v v Quan nipm tien day diing cho cd dia hinfa mat dat ndi chung va dia hinh bd bien ndi riSng. Dia hinh bd bien va cac dao d nude ta ed dii tat cd cac gia tri neu tren,
3.1. Gid trj van hda
Gia tri van hda dugc dat ra bdi cac hinfa thai xa hpi khac nhau tir co dai tdi faien dai. Theo Gay, gia tri van hda bao gom 4 dge trung:
Gid tri vdn hda ddn gian (geomythology): Trong xa fadi nguyen tfauy, hp tfaudng giai tfaicfa cac tfaanfa tgo dia fainfa bdi cac the lgc sieu hinh vd gdn cho ehiing cac y nghia nhu su ticfa Son Tinh Thiiy Tinh: Son Tinh tfai gdn vdi fainfa dnh cac day mii, cdc con vdt tren mii nfau voi, ga, ngua, Thiiy Tinh tfai gdn vdi bifin, nude, vdi cdc con vgt nia, cd.
Gia tri Hcfa sii va kfado co: Cac cdng dong ngudi co dai tfaudng gSn vdi mdi trudng tu nhien, trong do dia hinfa Id fagp phan quan trgng. Dia fainh chinh Id noi cu tni cua fag, tfaudng song tien niii gdn lifin vdi cdc hinh dnh vfi hang ddng, vfi san bdn ddng vdt, vd tgi do dien ra cac pfaong tgc, tin ngudng vd fap da de Iai dau an ciia minh tai do- dugc ggi Id kfado co hay di tich
Gid tri tam linfa: Cd nfaifiu thanh tao dia hinh da duoc xa hdi gdn cho nhiing gid tn tam linh tdn gido vd thudng gdn vdi cdc di ticfa dfin cfaua mang ban sdc van fada rieng cfao cac dan tgc. Hien nay, con ngudi kfaai tfadc cdc dang dia fainfa gdn vdi cdc gia tri tdm linh de lgp cdc den ehiia, mieu vua thd Cling vua pfadt tnen cac loai hinh du lich.
Y ngfaia noi d: Mdi cdng dong dan cu dfiu tim den mdt vung cd dia fainfa phu hgp vdi cuoc song cua minfa, ngudi co tfai tiiicfa song tien mii cao, trong faang sdu de tranh thii dii, khi cd su gia tang ve so lugng cu dan, cupc song tren mii kfadng ddm bao dugc sg ton tai tfai con ngudi bdt dau di cu tdi ven ria cdc con sdng, roi ra cd viing ven bien. Tu ly do do md con ngudi dan phdi tfaich nghi vdi cdc difiu kipn mdi trudng mdi, vd tgo ra ban sdc rieng cfao minh.
3.2. Gid tri thhm my
Gid tri ndy Id cdch cdm nhan riSng cua moi ngudi vS cai dep qua lang kinh chu quan cua con ngudir Gia"Sflriy'quan dugc ddnhgia^qua3 tieu chi: Cac cdnh quan ^ a phuong; Du Hch va cdc faogt dpng trong tfadi gian roi vd cdm xiic nghe thugt
Nhieu tiidnh tao dia fainfa vd cdc nhan to dgng luc khdng cfai cd tam quan tigng vfi mat dia mgo md cdn Id canh dep hap dan con ngudi. Gid tri nay dem lai cugc sdng tinh than eho con ngudi, nfaifiu cdnfa dep tao ra cdm xuc ngfae tfauat cfao eon ngudi trong dd ddc bifit la cac nfaa nfaifip anh, hoi hpa, tho. Moi ngudi cam nhdn ve dep theo nhiing net ddc trung rieng. Va cdc hogt ddng du Hcfa chu yeu khai thdc gid tri ndy ciia dia hinh vdi eac hinh tinic tham quan ngSm canfa, du hcfa mgo faifim.
Kpyiu H01 nghf Khoa hpc Dfa lp todn qudc ldn tha 7
Hgi Dia Iy VietNam Dai hoc ThdH^igtO;^
chup anh luu niem, tim cdc hda tiiach. Tu cam xiic nay, eo tiifi sang tac ra nhung ldi tho faay not nhac-ngfaia Id "thoi hon vao da"
3.3. Gia tri kinfa tS
Cac thdnh tao dia hinh va cac qua trinh dia mao cd gid tq kmh tfi to Idn thdng qua viec su dung chiing true tifip hay gian tiep:
Su dung tmc tifip nhu dua vao cdc gia tri md chu yfiu Id tham my dfi phdt trifin ngdnh du Hch, hay su dung cdc tdi nguyen dia mao thd, tiic la cac vdt lieu tao nen dia hinfa, nfau cdc Ioai dat, dd, cat, cudi, sdi, v.v cho phdt trifin nghanh xay dung va khai tiiae cdc sa kfaodng d khu vuc bd hien dai- ^ , X ).
Su dung gian tiep- toan bd cac dgng dia hinfa tren mgt dat (doi nui, dong bang ven bien) deu sd dung trong cac hoat dpng phdt tiifin kinh te- xa fadi. ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep, xdy dung, thiiy dien, khai thac khoang sdn, giao tiidng, y tfi.
3.4. Gia tri chirc nang ^ Chac ndng xd hdi cua dia hinh- Ld cfaiic nang dga ti^en cdc gia tri van hda, kinh te d pfaan
tren. Sg kfit faop ciia (^a fainh va cdc kifiu dd goc, kfit fagp vdi difiu kipn vi kfai faau se tgo ra mgt viing Idnh tiio tiiich fagp cho san xuat ndng nghiep, Iam ngfaiep bay cac faogt ddng kinfa te kfaac, tu dd tao ra sg phong phii ve van hda
Chac ndng tu nhien cua dia hinh : Doi vdi i he smh tiiai tiii dia hinh quyfit dinh su phan bo vat chdt vd nang luong, cdn cdc yeu to kfadc nhu nude, khdng khi, nhiet dp .. cfai ddng vai tid Id cac tac nhan trong chu tiinh ndy. Tfaeo Simonov tiii chia chiic nang tu nhien cua dia hinfa tiianh 4 dgng:
cfaiic nang hinh thai- khi hau, chuc ndng hinh thai- tiuiy van, chuc nang fainh tiiai- tho nhudng,^ vd chuc nang hinfa tfadi- sinh hpc Cdc chuc ndng ndy cd moi quan he tuang ho vdi nhau, su tfaay doi 1 yeu to se dan tdi sg thay ddi cd he sinfa thdi.
3.5. Gia tri ngfaien ciru khoa hoc vd gido due
Nhung pfaat faien kfaoa fapc bao gom: cdc qua trinh dia chat, kifin tao, Hcfa su cua Trai Dat, kfado CO Tfaeo Panizza [5], gid tri ngfaien cuu kfaoa fagc vd giao dgc bao gom 3 dgc tiung:
Md hinh tifin hda dia mao: La eac giai dogn phat trien cua dia fainh. tu tie, trudng thdnh vd gia coi cua he tfaong vdch, sudn ranh xdm thuc- dang dia hinfa tfaanh tao do dong chay tam thdi tren khoi cat do, hay ndn tich tu chdng goi d suoi Tien.
Su dung cfao muc dicfa gido dgc: Sd dgng cfao dao tgo efauyen mdn tiong fae tfaong cdc khoi khoa hpc Trdi Dat thdng qua ngfaien cuu ngodi trdi, tfaue tap efauyen nganfa, gido dgc cho egng dong Cling nhau bao ve mdi trudng thdng qua cdc pfauong tien truyfin thdng, sdch bdo, tuySn truyfin true tiep.
Dua ra vi du ve cd dia mao: Id cdc thdnh tao dia fainh d; thudng khdng tuan theo cac quy luat pfadt trifin vd tifin fada cua cfaung cfainh vi thfi ma chung duge pfaan bo d vi tri khdng phu hgp vdi difiu kien ddng lgc hien nay.
4 Str DVNG DIA HiNH BCJ BIEN CHO PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA H Q I
Viet Nam la mgt tiong nhiing qufic gia ven bifin cd dudng bd bifin ddi khoang 3.500 km va gan 3000 hdn ddo gan bd va 2 quan dao xa bd Id Hoang Sa va Trudng Sa. Tu xa xua, ngudi Vipt co
^bi?LsHL4y.?£.cdc_ngugAJdin^yen.bifin, _tro do cd dia fainfa dfi phdt trifin kinh tfi-xa hgi vd da tao nen mpt nen van hda bifin rat da dang. Dd la cac di ticfa van fada Cdi Beo-Ha Long d Hdi Phdng- Quang Nmh, Hoa Lpc d Tfaanh Hda, Quynfa Van d Ngfae An, Bau Tro d Qudng Binh, Sa Huynh d Quang Ngai, v.v. Do Id mdt qufic gia cd bifin, Viet Nam da cd mpt tiuyen thong tot dpp la lan bifin de md nude va giu nude. Trdi qua bao tfadng tram cua Hch su, bifit bao thfi fap da gay dgng vd giu gin dugc mpt nude Viet Nam cd mdt dudng bd bifin ddi va vung bifin rgng fadm nay. Vdi tinh tiian dd, Vi^t Nam phdi tid tiianfa mgt ^uoc gia manfa vfi bifin trSn cd ba phuong dien: Kinh te, quoc pfadng va ngogi giao. Tu^ nhien, de Iam dugc viec do, trudc het phdi bifit su dgng bd bifin va cdc ddo mpt cdch faieu qua de bd bien vd ddo tid thdnh "bdn dgp" tifin ra bifin khoi, nhu y phdt bieu ciia Kpyiu Hdi nghf Khoa hgc Dia lp todn qudc ldn tha 7
Hgi Dia Iy ViSt Nam Dai hoc Thai NguySn Dai tiidng Vo Nguyen Giap tgi HOI NGHJ KHOA HOC BIEN LAN THlf NHAT NAM 1977 tai Vien Hdi duong hoc Nfaa Trang la pfaai biet ro bien gan trude khi tifin ra bien xa Dong thdi, dia fainh bd bifin va ddo cdn la "ca sd hdu can viing chac" pfauc vu cho cac chuyen ra khoi trong tien trinfa phat trifin cac ngdnh kinh te bien, nhu hang faai, kfaai thac khodng sdn, ddnh bat hdi san, du Iich, ciing nhu cho cdng tac bdo dam an nmh qudc phdng va chu quyfin qudc gia tren bifin
Tfaeo muc dicfa su dung, cd the chia tfaanh 5 logi sau: 1) Khdng gian song vd nghi ngoi cho con ngudi; 2) cdc boat ddng cdng nghiep vd thuang mai; 3) San xuat luong tfaue' 4) Bdo tdn tfaien nfaien vd 5) Cae muc dich ddc biet va 3 chien luge su dung nfau sau: 1) da mgc tiSu; 2) su dgng ddc biet va 3) sii dung luan efauyen. Tuy nhiSn, trong tinh hinh thuc tien d Viet Nam, cd the phdn chia cdc hudng sii dung bd mdt cdch eg the hon thanh giao thdng faang faai, pfaat trien ndng nghiep, phdt trifin nghfi cd, kfaai thdc kfaoang san vd du hcfa Dudi day se trinh bdy tdm tdt mdt so hinh tiiuc sd dung dia hinh bd bien vd ddo trong phdt tnen kinfa ke bien d nude ta.
4.L Dia hinfa bd bien vdi phdt trien faang hai Thudn lgi
Tfauan Ipi dau tiSn de phdt trien ngdnh hdng hdi la nude ta cd viing bien duoc xac dinh theo Cdng udc ciia Lien hgp quoc ve Luat Bien nam 1982, thi nude ta cd day du cac viing bien nhu:
viing ndi thuy, lanh hdi, viing tiep gi?^ lanh hdi, vimg ddc quyen kinh te dugc md rdng ve pfaia ddng cua Bien Ddng tdi 200 hdi ly ke tii dudng co sd vdi dien tich khdng 1 trieu km2 {gap 3 lan dien tich dat lien). Trong khi dd, Bien Ddng lai Id mdt tiong nhiing tuyen hang hai quan trgng cua tfae gidi. Tfaii faai, dudng bd bien nude ta cd chieu dai thudc vao loai ldn so vdi cdc quoc gia ven bien tren the gidi (tru cac quoc ddo) Ty le giua chifiu ddi dudng bd bien vdi dien tich dat lifin la 0,3 (trong khi, gid tri trung binh ciia thfi gidi la 0,1). Dudng bd bien nude ta lai khuc kfauyu, nhifiu vung vinfa va ciia sdng. Day Id dieu kipn thuan loi de cfapn dugc vi tri cang bien tot. Tfau ba, dd sau day bifin gan bd tuong doi ldn, dgc biet la d cac tmh ven bien Mien Trang Trong khi dia hinfa luc dia ven bien Igi tuong doi bdng phdng. Dieu ndy rat quan trong de chon tuyen Iuong ra vdo cdng vd he thong bfin bdi, kho chua, v.v.
Khd khdn
Thii nhat, do cd nhieu ciia sdng do ra hien, nen hien tugng boi lang xay ra mgnfa me, nen tfaudn xuyen pfaai nao vet vdi khoi lugng ldn, dan den hieu qud khdng cao. Cung vi ly do ndy, nSn khdng the xdy dgng dugc cdng nude sdu d vimg cua sdng, dae biet d viing cua sdng ciia sdng Hong vd sdng Me Kdng. Thii hai, do bd bifin nude ta cd nhieu bai ngang vdi cae dai cat chgy ddt hang chgc km vdi cfaifiu rpng tii fadng tram met den 3-4 km vd chifiu cao tdi hang chgc met, tien dd cd nfaifiu xa edn rat khd khdn (tfaeo Quyfit dinfa so 539/QD-TTg ngdy 1/04/2013 ciia Cfainh phu, nude ta cd 311 xa dgc biet khd kfadn viing bai ngang ven bien vd hdi ddo), ddc biet Id cdc tinh Qudng Bmh, Quang Tn, Thiia Thien Hufi, Quang Nam, Qudng Ngdi, v.v., tfaudng xuyen chiu tae dpng mgnh ciia sdng ngodi kfaoi, cfao nen rat khd xay dgng dugc cang ldn va neu lua chgn cdng nude sdu d cdc khu vgc bai ngang ndy, thi cfai pfai xay dung cang rat ldn; tfau ba, mdt so viing vinfa cd dg sau dang kfi, ed thfi Jtdy dung dugc cdng nude sdu cho cdc tdu ed trgng tdi Idn, nhu Vung Rd, Vdn Phong, v.v. thi kfadng cd difin ticfa dii rgng cho cdc edng trinfa kfao cfaua vd ben bai, faogc neu tfage hifin, thi chi pfai ciing rat ldn
__ _ ^ 4-2. Dia fainh bd biSn va ddo vdi ngdnh hdi sdn
Ciing nhu pfadt trien kinfa te hang hai, ^ a hinh bd bien vd ddo Id mdt faau pfauong tfaue su vung chdc de phdt trien ngdnfa fadi sdn, bao gom cd danfa bdt vd nudi trong. Dia hinh bd bien va dao cd 2 vai tid quan tigng de phdt tnen nganfa hdi sdn.
1. Co sd fagu can cfao khai thdc vd cfae bien hdi san. De phgc vu cfao viec danfa bdt, can phdi cd nhieu cdng bien faogc cang ciia sdng, hodc cdc ben neo dau (tfaudng dupc gpi la cang ca) d quy md vira vd nfad. Day la difiu thugn lgi hon so vdi cdc cdng phuc vu pfadt trifin kinfa tfi fadng hdi, bdi vi, dja fainh bd bifin va cdc ddo d nude ta bi chia cdt mgnh tao ra nfaifiu vinfa (gulf, nfau Bae Bp, Tfaai Lan), vung/vgng (bay, nhu Hg Long, Cdt Ba, Da Ndng, Van Pfaong, v.v.), dam pfad (Tam Giang- Kpyiu H0i nghf Khoa hgc Bia lp todn qudc ldn thd 7
H6i Dia ly Viet Nam Dgi hgc Thai NguySn Cau Hai, Lang Cd d Thiia Thien Hufi; Trd O, Dk Gi, Thi Nai d Binh Dinh; 6 Loan d Phu Yen, v.v.
) va cdc ciia sdng (ddc biet la cac ciia sdng d Tmng Bp vd Nam Bd, nhu Cua Hdi, Ciia Hpi, Cda Sdt, cira Nhgt Le, Cua Tung, Cua Viet, Vam Ldng, vdm Cdi Ddi, vdm Sdng Doc, Ba Hdn, v.v ).
Dia hinfa ven eac viing cua sdng, dam pha, viing vinh tuang doi bSng phang dugc sii dung de xay dgng cac co sd che bien mdt each thugn lgi.
2. Nudi trdng vd sinh sdn cua nhieu loai hai san Ddy cung Id difiu kien thuan Igi de nudi trong cdc logi hdi san cd gid tri kinh te cao, nfau tdm hiim, ca mii, trai lay ngpc, v.v. d vinh Ha Long (Quang Ninh, Hai Phdng), dam Thi Ngi (Binh Dinh), dam Cii Mdng-vung Xudn Dai, dam 6 Loan (Phii Yen), vung Van Phong (Kfaanfa Hda). Ddng thdi, cac tfaanh tao dia hinh nay ciing vdi rimg ngdp mgn Id noi cu tni vd nudi dudng ciia nhieu lodi hdi san vd cd su da dang smh hgc rat cao
4.3. Dia fainh bd bien vdi phdt trien du Iich
Dia fainh bd bifin vd ddo la mdt trong nhiing ngufin tdi nguyen thien nhien quan trpng de phdt trifin du Hch. Cac tiidnh tgo dia hinfa bd bifin vd dao cfaii yfiu dugc sii dung true tifip cfao mgc dicfa nay. Dia hinh bd bifin va ddo d nude ta cd the dap ung duac mgt so loai hinh du Hch sau: tdm bien, nghi dudng, suu tap vd sd oc, tham quan-ngdm cdnh vd nghien euu kfaoa fapc.
Trudc faet. Id tdm bifin, ngfai dudng vd suu tap vd sd 6c. Mgi ngudi deu bifit, nude ta cd rat nhifiu bai hifin tu nfaiSn tiiodi vdi nfin cat min den trung rat sacfa vd nude bien trong, sdng vira phdi dli tieu chuan cho mdt bai tdm tot. Dgc biet Id cdc bdi bifin d Trung Bp (tir Tfaanh Hda dfin Binh Thuan) vd Ba Ria-Vung Tdu vdi sg ddy dii tieu chi 3S- (Sun-Sea-Sand): Trdi-Bien-Cdt (Trdi xanh- Bien biec va Cat tidng). Trong dd, cd mdt sfi bai tdm da dugc sic dung tir hang tiam nam trudc, nhu Trd Co, Bdi Cfady (Qudng Ninh), Dd Son (Hdi Phdng), Sdm Son (Thanh Hda), Cua Ld (Ngfae An), Cua Timg (Quang Tri), Dd Ndng (TP Dd Ndng), Cua Dai (Qudng Nam), Quy Nhon (Binh Dinfa), Nha Trang (Khanh Hda), Viing Tau (Ba Ria-vung Tdu), Miii Nai (Kien Giang), v.v., nhifiu bai tdm mdi dugc sii dung gan ddy, nhu Xudn Tfaanfa, Tfaien Cam (Ha Tmfa), Da Nhay, Nhgt Le (Qudng Binh), Lang Cd (Tfada Tfaien Hufi), Doe Lfit (Khdnh Hda), Ninfa Chii (Ninh Tfaugn), Mui Ne (Bmfa Tfaugn), Ba Ddng (Trd Vinfa) v.v. vd nfaifiu bai cat dep khac chua duoc su dung, nhu dpc theo ban ddo Hdn Gom d Khanh Hda
Tfadm quan-ngdm cdnh vd nghien ciru khoa hgc. Ngodi cdc bai cdt, tdc ddng ciia bifin len cdc bd dd cdn tao nen nhieu dgng dia hinh cd hinh thii ky di cd gid tri tham my vd dd ton tai qua nhieu giai dogn Heh sir dia cfaat khac nfaau cd y nghTa quan trgng vfi mat khoa fapc (dugc ggi Id cdc di cfai dia hgc-Geosites faogc di cfai dia mao-Geomorphosites) Day la the mgnh cua dia hinh bd bifin vd cdc dao eua Viet Nam. Trudc het do Id Di sdn thien nhien-Di san Dia chat-Dia mao Thfi gidi vjnh Hg Long vdi mgt vung karst ngl^ nude an cfaua bao difiu bi mat ciia thien nfaien tii co xua eho den hien nay, hoac cdc ngan nude tren vdch dd vdi d Hdn Dd (Ninfa Tfaudn) va d KiSn Luong (KiSn Giang), v v.. Cac dang dia fainh mai mdn kfadc do tae dgng cda sdng bifin cdn ghi dau d nhifiu nai kfadc, nfau hdn Trong-Mdi d Sam Son, Tfaanfa Hda; Ganh Da Dia d Tuy An, Phii YSn; cac kfaoi da mai mdn cd fainfa dgng ky di vd Bai cupi bdy mdu d Tuy Pfaong, ca-ru gid d mui KS Ga vd d Suoi TiSn,^tinh Bmh Tfauan, v v. Tir mdt so dang dia hinh hien dang ton tai tren dgc bd bifin Vipt Nam cd tiie tim faifiu tiiem cdc giai dogn bifin tifin-bifin lui da xay ra trudc day duoc tfae faien qua cdc bac tiiem biSn vd cdc ngan nude bifin tren vdch da vdi; tim hifiu cac giai dogn phat trien khe ranh xdi mdn tiidng qua cdc tiianh tao ddy-sudn-vdch xam tiigc tien kfaoi cdt dd Phan Thifit, tun hifiu qud trinh san bdng tfla hinfa tiidng qua xdm tiigc ngang tien cdc doi cdt trdng d Bdc Binfa, tinh Binh Thugn; v.v.
Hien nay, Binfa Tfaugn la tinfa sir dgng dia hinh bd bifin phuc vu phdt tiifin du Iich mang Igi
^'\.^^n''f° " ^ ^ *^°"^ "^ °"'^^- *'^™°S ndm 2012, ngdnfa du iicfa Bmfa Tfaudn da ddn khodng 3.144.700 lugt khacfa vdi doanh thu khoang 4.372 ty dfing; tiong 6 tfadng dAu nam 2013 da ddn tien 1.755.000 lugt kfaacfa vdi doanh tiiu 2.624 ty dong, tiidng tin tir hitemet)
Kpyiu Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dfa lp todn qudc ldn tha 7
H$i Dia I;^ Vi^t Nam Dai hoc Thdi Nguyen KETLUAN
Tu nhung diSu dupc trinh bay d tren, cd the dua ra ket luan sau"
1. Dia hinh bd bien vd ddo Viet Nam rat da dang va phong phii va duoc chia thdnh 4 vung kfadc nfaau gom: Viing bd bien Tay vinh Bdc Bd, vung bd bien Nam Trung Bd, vimg bd bien Binh Thuan - Nam Bp vd viing bd bien Ddng vinh Tfadi Lan
2. Dia hinfa bd biSn va cde dao la mdt ngudn tai nguyen tfaien nfaien vd ciing quan trgng de Viet Nam kfaai tfaac vd va su dgng tiong cdng cudc xdy dung va phdt tnen kinh te-xd hdi, cGng nhu dam bdo an ninh quoc pfadng cua qudc gia. Ddng gdp quan tigng nhat ciia dia hinh bd bien vd ddo trong chifin luge phat trien kinh te bien cua nude ta la trong cac ITnfa vuc fadng fadi, fadi san va du liefa.
T A I LIEU THAM K H A O
1. ViJ Van Pfadi, 2012. Dia mgo hipn dai: Ly thuyet vd U'ng dung Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Khoa hgc Tu nhien vd Cdng nghe, Tgp 28, So 5 S, tiang 96 -103
2. Vii Van Phai, Nguyen Hieu, Hoang Thi Van, Nguyen Bieu, Dao Manh Tien, 2004. Mot sd kit qud nghien ciru dia mgo khu bd biin hien dgi Viet Nam. Tap chi Khoa hpc-Khoa hgc Tg nhien va Cdng nghe, DHQGHN, T XX, No4AP, HN, trg 73-81.
3. Vii Van Phai, Nguyen Hieu, Hoang Tfai Van, Nguyen Tfai Tfau Thiiy, Vu Tuan Anh, 2006.
Bdo cdo "Diiu tra dia chdt. khodng sdn, dia chdt mdi trudng vd tai biin dia chdt vitng bien Nam Trung Bd ta 0-30 mit nude d tp li 1:100.000 vd mdt sd vitng trong diim d tyli I 50.000 "-Phu luc sd 2: chuyin di dia mgo. Ha Npi, 163 trg (Luu trii lai TT Dia chat va Khoang san bifin)
4. Gray M., 2004. Geodiversify: valuing and conserving abiotic nature John Wiley&Sons, Ltd., Chichester, UK, 434 pp.
5. Panizza M., 1996. Environmental geomorphology. Ensevier, Amsterdam, The Netiieriands, 268 pp.
6. CHMOHOB K).r. KpyacajiHH B H., 1989, HHOfcenepHaH aeoMop4>oJioeuM. Vhn. MFV, MocKBa, 100 Cxp,
Kpyiu H0i nghf Khoa hgc Bja lp todn qudc ldn tha 7
