OSo Thi Cam Nhung
Ddi mdi phuoing pliap ren iuyen }a nang day lipc cho sinli vien sif pham d TrUoing Dai hpc Ngoai nguf Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi
Dildng Pham Van Dong, qu^n CSu GiSy.
Hi N6i. Vi^ Nam Email' thanhleulis68@9mall,com 0^0 Thj Cam Nhung
Tn/flng Dgi h^c Ngogi ngO - Oaihoc Quoc gia Hi N^i TOM TAT: Ren luygn kTning d^y hpc cho smh vien sUpham la mpt trong nhOng chUc ning cd bin, trpng tim cija nganh dao tao giio vien. Di hoat ddng niy dat higu qui thi khdng thi chi dua vio nhiing bien phip truyen thing vi dUa trdn kinh nghigm mi ddi hdi dpi ngu giing viin phii nghien cUu Ung dung cic phuang phip ren tuy$n kTning day hgc mang tinh tich cpc, hien dpi nhim dip Ung yiu ciu ngay cing eao cua cdng cudc dii mdi giio due va dio tpo. Bii viit t$p trung lim rd vin di cd bin vi kJnang day hgc, dieu tra thue tr^ng ve viic rin luyin kindng day hgc cCia sinh vien Trudng Dai hgc Ngo^i ngO- Dai hpc Quic gia Ha Ndi trin nhdm kTning day hpc chung. Trin cd sd dd, di xuit mpt si biin phip ren luyen kTnang day hpc cho sinh vien supham TrUdng Dai hpc Ngoai ngQ' - Dai hgc Quoc gia Hi Ndi. Trong cie bi$n phip dd, tac gii de cip din viic vin dung phuang phip day hoc vi md nhim ren luyin tich cpc kT nang day hpc cho sinh vien sUpham.
T i i KHOA: Ki ndng day hpc; sinh vien sil pham; day hoc vi md.
• * Nhan b^i 07/3/2019 ^ Nhan ket qua phin bien va chinh sila 20/3/2019 -> Duyet dang 25/4/2019.
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Trong nhiing nam qua, cac Ichoa su pham, cac tmong su pham trong ca nuac noi chung, he su pham cua Truang Dai hoc Ngoai ngiJ (DHNN) - Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Npi (DHQGHN) noi rieng da c6 nhieu doi mai ve nOi dung, chuang trinh, phuong phap day hoc (PPDH) gop phan tich cue vao qua trinh doi mai nen giao due cua nudc nha. Ren luy?n kT nSng day hoc (KNDH) 1^ mgt trong nhiing ngi dung cua chuang trinh dao tao ciia cac khoa, truang su pham. Day la mpt hoat dpng ca ban de hinh thanh va phat trien KN nghS nghiep cho sinh vi6n su pham (SVSP), la nhan t6 quylt dinh chSt lupng giang day ciia giao vien trong nha trudng pho thong.
Ren Iuy$n KNDH cho SVSP da tir lau khong phai la vdn de nghien cuu mdi me nhung cac giai phap de nang cao chit lugrng ren Iuy?n KNDH cho SVSP vin con mang tinh
"I6i m6n" chua hi^u qua. VI vay, nghign ciiu van dk "Van dyng phuang phip Micro-teaching &h ren luyen KNDH cho SVSP cua Trudmg DHNN - DHQGHN" dang co tinh d p thifit. B^i viet tap trung phan tfch thirc trang ren luyen KNDH cua SVSP Truang DETNN - DHQGHN, tren ca sa d6 dk xudt mpt s6 bi?n phap ren Iuy?n KNDH cho SVSP ciia Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN.
2. N$i dung nghien cuTu 2.1.ianangdayhoc
Trong cu6n sSch cua M.J. Lakshmi [I; tr.64-65] trich dSn nhiSu dinh nghia ve KNDH. Hpc vien dao t^o giio vien chau A dinh nghia: "KNDH la nhiing ho?t dpng giang d^y d§c biet ciia giao vien co anh hudng tdi nhiing thay doi tich
cue trong thai dp cua hpc sinh (HS)". Brown (1975) dfnh nghia: "KKDH la mpt tap hop lien quan den cac hoat dpng d^y hpc hay each ung xir duac gido vien thi^c hi?n nham mpc dich lam cho HS dl dang hon trong qua trinh hpc tap".
Mc Intyre va White dinh nghTa: "KNDH la mpt tap hpp cac each ling xii ciia giao vien trong moi truong Idp hpc tuang tac hudng tdi vi?c thue hien thanh cdng cac muc tieu day hpc". Kg thira cac khai ni?m tren va dua vao dfic dilm lao dpng su pham ciia giao vien, cd the djnh nghia: KNDH la kha nang van dyng tri thue va kT nang (KN) ciia ngudi giao vien mpt each sang tao vao to chirc hoat dpng hpc tip ciia hpc sinh (HS) nhiim dat muc tieu day hpc.
2 . 2 . Phan loai kT ndng day hoc
Co nhilu each khac nhau de phan loai KNDH. Cd the ke ra mpt s6 each phan loai KNDH ciia cac tac gia [2; tr,65-69].
Alen va Ryans( 1969) d Tnrdng Dai hpc Standford (Hoa Ki) dua ra h? thdng phan loai gom cac KN dd la: Md bai, kich thich sir thay d6i, thuyet trinh, un lang va hanh dpng phi ngon ngii, kich thich su tham gia ciia HS, dua ra cau hdi, nhan xet cau hdi, dua ra cau hdi khd, dua ra cac vi dy ramh hoa, lap kk ho^ch, tdng kit bai. Ran Babu (2007) dua ra he thing gdm cac KN: Xac dinh myc tieu bai hoc, gidi thi?u bai hpc. Cling cd, chung mmh, kich thich su thay ddi, minh hoa bang cac vi dy, sii dyng bang vilt, lua chgn va su dyng phuang phap day hpc, phuang tifn day hgc.
Cac KNDH dugc cac nha giao dye neu ra d tren chu yiu la h? thing KN chung cho mpi giao vien. De xac djnh KNDH cho giao vien giang day mgt mon hgc cin xac dinh nhiing KNDH chung va KNDH d$c thii.
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Dudi gdc dp ngudi nghien ciiu, chiing toi tap tnmg vao v4n dl ren luyen KNDH chung cho SVSP cua Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN.
Cac KNDH chung nay sap xip theo tiln trinh ciia mgt gid hpc cy the. Cach sap xep nay giiip SV dl xac dinh nhiem vy ciia ban than khi trien khai mot tilt hpc Ngoai ngii. H?
thdng KNDH cu thi dl SVSP Ngoai ngu cin dugc ren luyen, dd la:
Lap ke hoach day hgc KN v i ^ muc tieu cho bcii hoc KN ii;a chgn PP, ki t h u l t dgy hpc
KN li^a chpn phi/dng tien day hgc
KN li/a chpn hinh thifc td chOc day hpc
Thilc hien ke hoach day hpc 1 KN d i l n dgt ng6n ngO
KN md ddu bdi hgc,
KM to chile hogt dong nhdm cho HS
KN si!l dgng Cclu h6i
KN tich hdp cdc npi dung gido due trong hoat dpng day hpc KN giao t i l p su phgm KN qu^n li ldp
2.3. Ren luyen ki nang day hoc
Ren luyen trong tir dien TiSng Vi?t la "Luyen tap nhiiu trong thue te de dat tdi nhiing phdm chdt hay trinh dp vimg vdng thong thao" [3, tr.856]. Ren luyen dugc hieu la viec lap lai nhieu lan mpt hoat ddng nhSm bien tri thue ciia chii thg hoat dpng th^nh KN, kT xao tuong iing vdi boat ddng dd. Ren luypn KNDH dupe hieu Id qua trinh gidng viin td chuc, hudng ddn de SVSP thue hien nhiiu Idn cdc hogt dpng dgy hpc da dgng nhdm bien nhimg tri thirc ve nghipp vu suphgm thdnh KN, kjxdo nghi nghiep.
Qua trinh ren luyen KNDH cho sinh vien (SV) nam trong qua trinh day hpc. Qua trinh nay chii yiu hudng dan SV thue hanh cac thao tac kT thuat tren ca sd hg da dugc trang bi vl mat li thuylt, ren luy^n KNDH duoc bilu hien ro nhit khi tiln hanh trong thue tiln, trong kiln tap, thyc tap su ph^m.
Theo quan diem chung ciia cac nha Tam li hpc hoat dpng [4, tr. 116-117] thi KN dupe hinh thanh qua ba giai doan nhu sau: Thir nhdt: Nhdn thirc muc dich, ke hogch hdnh dpng;
Thic hai: Ldm thir; Thir ba: Luyen tap.
2.4. Th^c trang ren luyfn kT nang day hoc cho sinh vien sir pham d TrUdng dai hpc Ngoai x\%U - Dai hpc Quoc gia Hi Npi 2.4.1. Hoat dpng ren luy$n ki nang day hoc cho sinh vien sU pham cua Trudng Dai hpc Ngoai ngQ - flai hoc Quoc gia Ha Npi Trong qu^ trinh dao t^o, khoa Ngo^i ngQ cua Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN da sit dyng cac hinh thiic ren luy?n KNDH thdng qua cic hpc phfin co lien quan nhir giio hpc ph^p bp mdn, giao dye hpc.
- Hinh thue thu nhdt: Hinh thiic truyln didng. Cho SV len d^y thii trong khoang 5 -7 phiit mgt do^n ngSn giao in.
Giang vien n h ^ x6t uu, nhugc dilm cac KNDH ma SV dl sii dyng. Vi?c day thii cua SV xuSt hi?n a cac mon nghi^
vy su p h ^ nhu Gido dye hpc, Giao hpc phap^bg mon. Co hpi mdi SV dugc day nhilu ISn vi dugc ciing co cic KNDH la rat hiem.
- Hinh thirc thit hai: Mgt sd SV tham n h ^ thue te b tnidng phd thdng bSng each di thue te nhu lam phdng sy, tham quan cac trudng phd thdng. Hinh thue nay khong r^
luyen KNDH cho SV vi sd lugng SV di thyc te li rat it. SV luu lai d trudng phd thdng tir vai tiing den mgt tuan. Vdi khoang thdi gian it di nhu v?ly, SV chi cd kha nang quan sat cic KNDH trong cac gid d?iy ciia giao vien phd thdng.
- Hinh thue thir ba: SV nam thii tu xudng mrdng pb6 thdng thyc tip trong sau tuan .
2.4.2. Hoat fifing tu ren luy§n ki nang day hpc cua sinli vign sif pham cua Trifdng Dai hoc Ngoai ngii - Dai hpc Quoc gia Hi Npi Chiing tdi da tien hanh dieu tra tren 120 SV d cac khoa tiing Anh, tiing Nh^t, tiing Phip, tiing Trung chuyen nganh Su pham ciia Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN. Thdi gian dieu tra 1^ dau hgc ki 2 nam hgc 2018-2019. Doi higng chgn dilu tra la SV nam thii ba vi cic em da cd dii dik kiSn: DS hgc xong cic mdn nghi$p vy su pham nhu Tam li, Giio dye hgc va dang hgc Giao hpc phip bg mon. CSc em dang chuin h\ tam the de nim thii tu xudng trudng ph^
thdng thyc t?p.
Npi dung dieu tra dugc the hien trong cac myc dudi day.
a. Mue dp Id ndng dgy hpc hipn tgi cua sinh vien suphpm Truang DHNN - DHQGHN
Bk dilu ha chinh xie miic do KNDH ciia SVSP Ngoji ngii nam thii ba vao thdi diem dSu hgc ki 2 nim hgc 2018 -2019. Chung tdi da chia he thdng KNDH chung thanh ba nhdm KN nhu sau:
- Nhom mpt: Gdm KN vilt myc ti6u bii hpc; ICN sii dyng cau hdi trong qua trmh d^y hpc; KN tich hpp npi dung giao dye trong ho?t dgng day hgc. Yeu ciu SV ty dinh gii inilK dp KN theo ba miic:
Miic tdt: SV thi hien nhdm KN mpt ehi tiit; Miic binh thudng; Miic khdng tdt: SV thi hipn ICN trong nh6m mOt khdng ehi tiet.
- Nhdm hai: Nhdm gdm ba KNDH: KN dien dgt ogon ngii, KN giao tiep su pham, KN md bai. 0 nhdm thii hai yeu cau SV ty danh gii miic dp KN theo ba m ^ :
Miic tdt: SV thyc hi?n KN trong nhdm hai tu lin, tr6i chdy; Miic binh thudng; Miic khdng tot: SV th\rc hi$n KN trong nhdm hai khdng tu tin. trdi chdy.
- Nhdm ba: Gom KN sii dyng kl thu^t v i PPDH, KN su dyng phuang ti?n d^y hgc, KN td chiic nhdm cho HS trong d^y hgc, KN phdi hgp cic hmh thue td chiic d?y hpc. Yco cau SV ty dinh gii miic dg KN theo ba miic: Miic tdt: SV thyc hi?n KN trong nhdm ba thdnh thgo; Muc bhih thudng;
Miic khdng tdt: SV thyc hi?n KN trong nhdm ba khot^
thanh thgo.Kk qua khio sit miic dO KN cui SVSP NgO«i ngii d nhdm KHDH thii nhit 6 Bilu dd 1.
92 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GiAO DUC VIET NAM
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Biiu dd 2: SVSP Truang DHNN - DHQGHN tu ddnh gid mite dp KN (dien dgt ngdn nga, giao tiep suphgm, md bdi)
Ket qua bi6u dien d Bieu dd 2 cho thiy, diln dat ngdn ngff, giao tilp su ph^m, md bii ciia SVSP Ngoai ngii ddng logt d miic tdt, cu thi la KN diln dat ngdn ngft: 61,7%;
KN giao tilp supham: 63,1%; KNmdbii: 65,8%. Nguyen nhin dan den nhiing KN d nhdm 2 cd kit qui tdt la do cic KNDH niy dupe Idng gh^p, gan hen vdi cac hgc phan mang tinh d$c thii cua chuyen nginh ngoai ngii. Hang ngay, SV diu dupe luyen t^p trSn ldp KN giao tilp, KN diln dat ngdn nga. Tuy nhien, van cd mOt sd lugng nhd SV tu danh gia ban thin khdng tdt ve nhdm KNDH nay. Qua tim hieu, chiing t6i dugc biet, cac em chua tu tin, nSng luc dien dat, giao tiep cdn han che. Giio vien can cd bi^n phip cu the de ning cao KNDH d nhdm nay cho cac em.
K6t qua khio sit miic do KN cua SVSP Ngo^i ngii d nhdm KHDH thii ba dugc mi6u ti d Bilu dd 3.
Dil li?u dugc bieu dien tren Bilu dd 3 cho ph^p dua ra mOt sd nh|n djnh sau: SVSP Ngogi ngii d^t miic tdt chi d ba tren bdn KNDH. KT ning phdi hpp cic hinh thiic to chiic DH khdng cd em nao dgt miic tot. Dgt miic tdt vdi ti I? SV cao nhit (62,2%) li KN su dyng phucmg tipn dgy hpc, dung tilp theo la 46,7% SV dgt miic tdt d KN to chiic hogt dpng nhdm cho HS. Ngugc Igi cd hai KNDH, SV ty dinh gii d mirc khdng t6t do Ii KN sur dyng k! thu^t, PPDH vi KN
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Biiu dd 1: SVSP Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN tu ddnh gid mice dp KN (Viit m{te tieu bdi hpe, su dting edu hoi trong dtfy hpe, tich hpp npi dung gido di^e trong dgy hpe)
Quan sat Bieu do I, chiing tdi nhin thiy hinh dd KN ciia SVSP yiu k^m d nhdm KNDH mOt. SVSP Ngoai ngir dat miic tdt chi c6 d hai KN: Viet myc tieu bdi hpc va sic dung cdu hoi. Vdi ti le thip lin lugt li 11 % va 13%. Q KN tich hpp ndi ching gido d{tc trong day hpc khdng cd em nao dgt miic tdt. Ngugc Igi, SV d mtic khdng tot chilm ti I? cao d ca ba KN. Cu thi la cd tdi 83,8% khdng tdt d KN tich hap ndi dung gido due trong day hgc, 60,7% khdng tdt d KN viit myc tieu bdi hpe, 50,9% khdng tdt d KN sic dung cdu hdi trong dgy hpe. Ddi vdi SV, day la nhiing KNDH rit khd, khi hudng din SV ren luy?n ddi hdi giio vien va can bg hudng din phii cd ning luc su pham vihig vang. Kit qua khao sit miic dp KN cui SVSP Ngoai ngii d nhdm KHDH thii hai d Bieu dd 2.
Biiu dd 3: SVSP Truang DHNN - DHQGHN tu ddnh gid mice dp KN (Su dung kT thugt vd PPDH, td chire hogt dpng nhdm cho SV, su diing phuang tien dgy hpe, phdi hpp cdc hinh thicc td ehice dgy hpc)
phdi hgp cic hinh thiic td chtic day hgc chilm ti le tuang ddi cao lin lugt li 62,5% va 75,8%.
Nhin chung, mirc do KNDH ciia SVSP Ngoai ngfi qua tu danh gii phan bd d ci ba miic tdt, binh thudng, khdng tdt.
Miic tdt tap trung d cac KN sau: Diln dat ngdn ngii, giao tilp su pham, md bai, sii dyng phucmg tien day hpc vi td chiic hogt dgng nhdm cho HS. Miic khong tit chilm phin Idn d cic KN dupe ggi li khd: KN vilt muc tieu bai giing, KN sii dung cau hdi trong day hpc. KN tich hgp npi dung giio due trong dgy hpc, KN sii dung kT thugt, PPDH, KN phdi hgp cac hinh thiic td chiic day hpc. Dpi ngii giing viln nghiep vu vi giao hgc phap ciia Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN cin quan tam den tinh hinh thyc trgng nay de de ra bien phap ren luySn nhim nang cao KNDH cho SVSP Ngoai ngir-
b. Mire dp "thudng xuyen " dupe ren luypn kT ndng dt^
hpc eiia SV suphgm Trucmg DHNN- DHQGHN (xem Biiu do 4)
Bieu dd 4: Mite dp "thuang xuyen "dupe ren luypn KNDH etia SVSP Truang DHNN -DHQGHN
DC li?u bieu diln tren Bieu dd 4 cho thay:
- Vi?c ren luy?n "thuang xuyen" KNDH cho SVSP ciia Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN dugc SV danh gia khdng ddng diu. Sd lugng KNDH dugc danh gii ren luypn thudng xuyen vi rdt thtcdng xuyen it hon sd lugng KNDH mi SV danh gii ren luy^n khdng thucmg xuyen vd rdt khdng thudng xuyen.
Cd hai KNDH dugc SVSP dinh gii la r6n luy?n rat thudng xuyen do Id td chirc hogt dpng nhom cho HS vi dien dgt ngdn nga. Hai KNDH niy dugc dinh gii nhu vay li cd ca sd thvc tiln: Hiu nhu mdn hgc nio SV ciing td chiic hpc theo nhdm. M$t khic, chuyen mdn ciia SVSP cua Tnrdng DHNN la hpc vl ngdn ng& nen KN diln dgt ngdn ng& la yeu cau ca ban ddi vdi ngudi hpc.
SV dinh gii cic KNDH nhu ma bdi. giao tiep suphgm dugc r^n luy?n mpt each thuang xuyen.
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Nhin chung, nhihig KNDH dat thii hang cao vl miic dg dugc ren luyen thudng xuyen vi rdt thuang xuyen lien quan khi chat che vdi nhiing hpc phan ngoai ngii ma SV da va dang hgc tap. Do vgy, nhung KNDH kl tren ciia SVSP dugc ren luyen thudng xuyen mgt each ngiu nhien.
Mot digm ndi bat nhat khien chiing tdi rit quan lam, dd la cd tdi 74- 75% SV danh gia KN viit muc lieu bdi hpc vk KN lua chpn hinh thirc td ehice DH rdt khdng thudng xuyen ren luyen. 65% SV dinh gia KN lua chpn kt thugt vd phuang phdp DH rdt khdng thudng xuyen ren luy^n. Ngoai ra, KN tich hpp npi dung gido diie trong dgy hpc du^m. 91% sd SY dugc dieu tra danh gia d hai miic khdng thuang xuyen va rdt khdng thuang xuyen ren luyen. Dieu dang lo ngai nhiing KNDH nay la nhiing KN quan hgng, thiit yiu dl quyet dinh chit lugng mgt gid len ldp ciia giao vien thi gan nhu khdng dugc ren luyen thudng xuyen.
c. Cdc hinh thicc ren luyen kTnang dgy hpc cho sinh viin suphgm Tru&ng DHNN-DHQGHN
Bang 1 cho thiy: 100% SVSP cua Trudng DHNN khong dugc ren luy?n KNDH thdng qua hinh thiic kien tap a trudng pho thdng. Dilu nay phii hgp vdi thyc tl d Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN la: SV khdng dugc kiln tap d trudng phd thdng. Vi?c ren luyen KNDH cho SV phu thugc vao hai hinh thiic cdn Igi.
- Cd tdi 100% SV xac nhan dugc ren luyen KNDH bing hhkh thiic thdng qua cdc hpe phdn md SV dupe hpc. Nhung KNDH ma SV dugc ren luyen bing hinh thiic nay khdng ddng diu, cd sy chenh l?ch Idn vk miic dg ren luy^n ciia cicKN.
D5ng loat SV dugc dilu tra cho ring cac KN "Dien dgt ngdn ngu", "To chire hogt dpng nhdm cho HS", "Lua chpn phuang tien dgy hpc" dugc ren luyen chii yiu thdng qua cdc hoc phdn SVdupe hpc. Day la con sd rit lac quan. Mdt
sl KNDH cung duoc ren Iuy?n tuong ddi nhieu tren I6p nhu "Giao dip supham " chilm 85,8%, "Md bat ehiem 81,7%, "Sic dung edu hdi" chilm 66,7% tdng so SV dupe dilu tt-a. Do dac thii la SV hpc ngdn ngft nudc ngoii nen nhirng KNDH neu tren dugc ren luygn nhieu d hen Idp \i dieu tat yeu.
Tuy nhien, huih thiic "Thong qua cdc hpc phdn hpc SV dupe hoc" ren luypn cho SVSP qui it d nhihig KNDH
"khd" nhu: "Tich hpp npi dung gido due trong dgy hpc"
(22,5%), "Viit mue tieu bdi hpe" (26,7%), '"Qudn li ldp hpc" (30,8%), "Lua chpn hinh thicc td ehice dgy hpc"
(42,5%), "Lua chpn Id thugt, PPDH" (63,3%).
Nhin chung, cic giang vien Tnidng DHNN d3 tich eye ren luypn KNDH cho SV thdng qua ede hpe phdn minh dim nhipm, nhung philn di?n. Cic KN lien quan nhilu vdi hgc phin thi chii trpng ren luypn han. Cac KNDH "kho", it ren luyen cho SV din din dinh gii ciia SV vl vi?c rb luypn cic KN "khd" nay khdng thucmg xuyen va rdt khong thuang xuyen (BiSu dd 2), dan den hgu qua cac em k^m hiiu biit vd nhgn dien yeu kem cac KNDH niy (Bilu dfl
Sd li^u ciia hinh thiic tu ren luyen cho thay nhung KNDH ma SV dugc r^n luyen nhieu tren ldp thi ve nha cic em tu ren luyen nhieu ban. Cy the la cac KN "^Dien dgt ngon nga", "Td chirc hogt dpng nhdm ","Lua chpn phuang ti?n",
"Giao dip su phgm", "md bdi". Nguy6n nhan Ii nhihig KNDH viia neu tren la phuang tipn de cic em ITnh hpi kien thiic ciia nginh hpc ngoai ngii nen SV bit bupc phii ren luy?n. Ngugc Igi, nhiing KNDH khdng dugc chii trgng r^n luyln tren ldp nhu: "Viet mue tieu bdt hpc", "Lifa chpn la thudt vd PPDH\ "Tich hap npi dung gido due trong dgy hpc", "Qudn li lap" thi ngoii gid len Idp, SV ciing khong t\r ren luypn.
d. Mice dp hiiu qud cua cdc bi^n phdp ren luy^n kl
B d n g 1 : C i c h i n h t h i l c r&n l u y g n KNDH c h o SVSP d T r d d n g DHNN-DHQGHN Cac hinh Ihilc ren luyen KN {%|
1 2 3
Vilt mgc ti^u bai hgc Li/a chgn k i t h u i t va PPDH L^fa chgn phiidng tien day tine
26,7 63,3 95,3
Thong qua c i c hgc p h i n SV dilclc hgc Kien lap «ttUilng phd thong T u r i n luyin 10
Li)a chpn hinh thiic to chOc dgy hpc 5 DiSn dat ngdn ngd
6 Md m
7 Tfi chile hogt dOng nhfim cho HS
8 Sir dgng cdu h6i 66,7 9 Tich hop nOi dung gido dgc trong dgy hpc 22.5
10 Giao ti^p sii phgm 11 Quan li Idp hpc
75.8 26.7
4.2 72,5
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mo Thi C i m Nliung
ndng dgy hgc cho sinh viin supham cua Tniang DHNN - DHQGHN
Yeu cau SV danh gia muc do hieu qua cua cac bien phap rte luy$n KNDH theo 5 miic: Mt hi?u qua, hieu qua, bmh thucmg, khong hi^u qua, r4t kh5ng hi?u qua. K6t qua danh gia the hi^n 6 Bieu d6 5.
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5iew dd 5: Mice dp hieu qud eua cdc biin phdp ren luyen KNDH eho SVSP Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN
Quan sit Bieu do 5 cho thdy: Cac bien phap c6 thi sir dyng de r ^ luyen KNDH cho SVSP cua Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN diu dugc SV dinh gia Id hieu qud va rdt hieu qud. Noi bat nhat la bien phap: SV kiin tap a tnrdng pho thdng. Bien phap niy dugc SV danh gia d miic rat hieu qud vdi ti Ip 89% tdng sd SV dugc dieu tra. Qua phdng vin, SV cho ring: Xudng tmdng phd thong, cac em cd co hdi
"eg sat"vdi ngudi that, viec that cua mdi trudng cac em s6 hgi nhap trong tucmg lai, dugc quan sit su phdi hgp kheo 16o cic KNDH cua nhung giao vien tien bdi. Dieu do giiip SV Imh hgi nhiing thao tic, hinh vi ciia hoat ddng day hpc nhanh va chinh xie. Nhung bien phap nay lai khdng dugc sii di^g d Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN.
Cac bi|n phap nhu trinh chieu video, phdt tdi lieu hu&ng ddn va ren luyen nghiip vu su phgm thu&ng xuyin deu ehiem ti 1^ cao SV dinh gia d mirc rdt hiiu qua. SV chia s6 ring: Nhiing bi?n phap nay cd su chi dan cu the. Trong qui trinh ren luyen ma sai thi cd the nhin mau de siia lai.
Hem niia, cic bien phap nay thich hgp cho vipe tu r^n luyf n KNDH ciia SVSP Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN.
Dang chu y la bien phap ndng cao su hiiu biit vd nhgn dipn KNDH thdng qua viec SV hpc cdc mdn hpe lai chi dugc dinh gia d miic hipu qud khdng bang cic bien phap khic. SV cho ring: Nang cao hieu bi6t va nhan dien KNDH qua cic mdn hpc khd hon li thdng qua cac bien phap khac.
2.5. Mot so bien phap r^n luy^n kT n^ng day hoc cho sinh vien sir pham Trifdng Dai hoc Ngoai ngif - flai hoc Quoc gia Ha Npi 2.5.1. Bien phap 1: Nang cao nhan thiirc ve viec ren luyen ki nang day hoc cho sinh vien siJ pham Trifcfng Dai hpc Ngoai ngCl - flai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi
Myc tieu: Ning cao hieu biet, nhan dipn diing nhihig KNDH chung ciang nhu KNDH chuyen nginh; Ning cao nh|in thiic cua SVSP vl vai trd cua hoat dgng ren luy^n KNDH vdi nghS nghiep trong tuong lai ciia bin than cic em; Giing vien cin n h ^ thiic dugc tim quan hgng cua viec r^n luy?n cic KNDH cho SVSP vi trich nhi^m ciia giing nexi. trong viec ren luypn dd; Cin can ddi hgp li giiia kiln
thue li thuyet va KN thue hanh trong cic hpc phan nghiep vy su pham.
N6i dung:Thdng qua cic gid day hgc ciia cac mdn nghiep vy su ph^m (Tim li hgc, Giio due hgc, Giio hgc phip bp mdn), giing vien giao due cho SVSP y thiic nghi nghiep, tim quan trgng ciia KNDH ddi vdi nghi giio vien trong tucmg lai. Tir do SV se cd ddng luc de hpc lap va ren luyen.
Giing vien cung cap diy dii ngi dung kiln thiic cua KNDH, quy trinh ren luyen KNDH cho SVSP Tren co sd dd cic em cd dinh hudng diing vi ro rang trong qui Uinh ren luypn cua ban than.
Dilu kien thyc hi?n: Giio vien ren luypn KNDH cho SVSP theo dung quy trinh, cd trach nhiem, nghiem tiic trong kilm tra, dinh gia chat lugng hoat dgng ren luypn KNDH; SV cin tich cue chu dpng ren luyen KNDH.
Nha trudng can trang bj ca sd, vat chit, t^o dieu kien tit nhit dl hoat ddng ren luyen KNDH cho SVSP dat hieu qua cao. Ndi dung ren luyen can dugc chgn Ipc dip iing yeu ciu thue tien d^y hpc.
2.5.2. Bien phap 2: Chu trcng day mau trong quy trinh ren luyen ki nang day hpc cho sinh vien sii pham Tn/dng Qai hoc Ngoai ngOl - Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Npi
Myc tieu: Day mau va hudng dan SV day theo mlu, ren luyen dugc nhieu KNDH, SVSP biet each phdi hgp nhilu KNDH trong mgt gid day; Day miu li hmh thiic ren luypn KNDH cho SVSP chan thyc nhit.
Npi dung: Xac dinh cic KNDH khd, quan trpng cin d^y miu nhu KN sii dyng cau hdi, KN vilt muc tieu bai hoc, KN tich hgp ndi dung giao dye trong day hoc, KN lira chgn kl thuat va PPDH, KN quin li ldp; Td chiic cho SVSP day lai theo mau, khuyen khich SV sing tao, linh hoat trong qua trinh day lai theo mau, tranh dap khudn may mdc; Kiem tra, giim sat, sita sai cho SV; Mdi giao vien day gioi d trudng phd thdng day mau cho SVSP.
Dilu kifn thyt: hien: Gid dsty phii hay, KNDH phai chuan xie; Giao vien day mau phii thuan thue, nhuan nhuyen cic KNDH trong gid day mau.
2.5.3. Bien phap 3; Phdi hdp vdi nha trirdng ph6 thong de smh vien sir pham diidc kien tap, thiic tap
Nha trudng, giing vien cin phdi hgp chit che vdi nha trudng pho thong dl SVSP dugc thim trudng, dugc quan sat, dugc du gid, dugc tim hieu cac KNDH; Phdi hgp vdi nhi trudng phd thdng xay dung chucmg trinh ren luyen KNDH cho phu hgp; Danh gii qui trinh ren luyen KNDH cua SVSP d trudng phd thdng.
2.5.4. Bien phap 4; Van dung phtidng phap day hpc vi mo de ren luyen ki nang sii pham cho sinh vien sir pham Tnidng Qai hpc Ngoai ngQ - Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi
Muc tieu: Theo "Tap huan day vi hgc tich eye va sii dyng thiit hi day hgc" - Dy an Vipt - Bi (2006) [2] Day hgc vi md thyc chat la d^y hgc, trong dd s\r phirc t^p ciia ldp hgc binh thudng da dugc lim don giin hda di de tgp trung huin luyen SVSP hoan thanh nhiing bai t^p die bipt ve KN, ddng S6l6thin(i4/2019 95
N t i H I E N CUUTHLFCTIEN GIAO DUC
thdi cho phep tang cudng giam sit thue hinh vi sy ddng gdp nhihig y kiln phan hdi dugc kip thdi.
Quy trinh cua PPDH vi mo:
- So^n gido dn: SVSP lya chpn ndi dung vi cic KN cin ren luyen, sau dd so^n mgt ke hoach day hgc theo mpt trinh tu hgp li ma cd the the hien dugc tdi da cic thanh phan cua mpt ning luc nao dd.
- Gidng day: SV tien hanh day mdt bii hgc nhd theo ke ho?ch da chuin bi trudc. Gid hgc dien ra cd su tham du ciia giang vien hudng din va cac SV khic, cac SV nay ddng vai trd viia li ngudi dy va viia la ngudi hgc. Qui trinh nay dugc ghi hinh lai.
- Ddnh gid - Phdn hoi: Giing vien hudng dan cho tat ci SV xem lai gid day tren bang ghi hinh (vdi sd lan can thiet), sau d6 tien hanh phan tich, thio luan, danh gia uu diem va h^in che ciia SV.
-iSopn Igi gido dn: Dya hen nhiing nhan xet, dinh gii, nit kinh nghiem d budc 3, ngudi day tien hinh soan lai giio in.
- Giang dgy Igi: SV day lai bai hpc cii vdi giao an mdi.
Lan day niy ciing dugc ghi hinh.
- Ddnh gid lg.i: SV day dugc giing vien hudng dan vi cic SV du gid danh gii Igi nhim nit ra ket luin vi cich irng ySx phii hgp.
3. K^t lu|in
Cd sy chenh lech khi Idn trong nhin thiic ve KNDH ciia SV Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN do vipe ren luypn KNDH cho SVSP Tnrdng DHNN chua dugc coi trgng dung miic v4 cic hinh thiic vi phucmg phap ren luypn KNDH cho SVSP Trudng DHNN con han ehl, chua dat hipu qui cao hong viec hinh thinh ning lyc day hpc giao vien trong tuong lai. c i n thiit phai ddi mdi hogt ddng dio tgo tao giio viln ngogi ngii; hong dd, phii die biet chu trgng ddi mdi vipe ren l u y ^ KNDH cho SVSP Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN.
Qui trinh ren luy^n KNDH cho SVSP can phii hen hinh theo quy trinh, dim bio dugc yeu cau ciia qui trinh rin luypn. Qui trinh ren luypn phai dugc thyc hipn theo cdch thiic de ngudi hpc phii true tiep, tich cue, chii dgng tham gia vio ren luyen KNDH dudi sy giim sat cua giang vign.
PPDH vi md li mgt phuong phip phii hgp dl rto luy^n KNDH cho SVSP cd hieu qui. Day li PPDH tien tiln, dupe nghien ciiu vi ip dung d Hoa Ki tu thgp nien 60 vi cho den nay, nd vin dugc ap dyng rgng rai trong qui trinh ren luy^n KNDH cho SVSP d nhieu nudc tren the gidi vi d Vipt Nam.
Chiing tdi da nghien ciiu ap dvmg PPDH vi md nhim rdn luypn KNDH cho SVSP Trudng DHNN - DHQGHN va dS thu dugc ket qua ban dau kha quan.
Tii li^u tham khio
I [1] M.J.Lakshmi, (2009), Microteaching and Propective Teacher, Discovery Pubhshing House PvtLid, India.
[2] Bp Giao dye va Dao t?o, Dy an Vi?t - Bi, (2010), Nghien cuu khoa hpc suphgm img dyng, NXB Dai hpc Su pham, M Ha Ngi.
[3] Tu dien tieng Vi?t, (1992), Trung tdm tir dien ngon ngii.
Ha Ngi.
[4] Hoang Anh (chii bien), (2007), Hoat dgng giao Hep nhdn cdch, NXB Dai hgc Su phgm. Ha N^i.
[5] Le Huy Bi, (2007), Phucmg phdp lugn nghien dm khoa hQC NXB Giao dye. Ha Npi.
[6] D 5 Thj Chau, Ren luyin cho sinh vien Id ndng lo chtk nghien cuu khoa hgc - Mgt trong nhihig tieu chi cia vl^
ddnh gid chdt lugng ddo tgo dpi hpc, De tii khoa hpc nSn 2010-2012.
[7] Iran Thanh Thtiy, (2010), Xdc djnh h? thing kf ndng <%
hgc cho sinh vien ngdnh Su phgm Dja li. Bio cio toan v3n Hpi thio Dia I! Dong Nam A.
INNOVATING METHODS OF TRAINING TEACHING SKILLS
FOR PEDAGOGICAL STUDENTS AT FOREIGN LANGUAGE UNIVERSITIES - HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
Dao Thi Cam Nhung
University ot Languages and International Studies - Vietnam Nationai University, Hanoi Pham Van Dong, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam Email' thanhleulis68@gmail com
ABSTRACT: Preparing pre-service teachers with pedagogical competence, particularly effective instructional skills, plays an important role in teacher education. In the context of educational reforms, teacher educators need to research and apply a wide range of updated teacher training approaches, meeting the increasing demand of quality teaching. This paper outlines a research project on the training of pre-service teachers/student teachers' instructional skills at the University of Languages and International Studies.
Vietnam National University, Hanoi (UUS - VNU). The author presents key issues of instructional skills, current training programs of pre-service teachers' instructional skills as well as suggestions to improve quality of pre-service teacher education. The author also highlights micro-teaching as an effective approach in training pre-service teachers' instructional skills at UUS - VNU.
KEYWORDS: Teaching skills; pedagogical students; m i c r o - teaching.
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