KHOA HOC C 6 N G N G H l
KET QUA IVEHIEIM CLTU XAC HIIVH THOI VU GIEO TROIMG THiCH HOP CHO S A M X U A T IVGO TAI TIIVH S O I V LA
Nguyen Diic Ihukn^
T6MTAT
cac thi nghidm nghidn cuu vd flidi vu gieo frdng ngO thich hop tai 3 huydn: huyen Mai Son, Mudng La va Yen Chau ciia tinh Son La dupe tidn hanh vao vu xuan - he nam 2017 va 2018 vdi gidng ngo lai NK7328 cung 4 cflng thiic TN la: CTI: Gieo ngky 01/4; CT2: Gieo ngay 20/4; CT3: Gieo ngay 30/4; CT4 (d/c): Gieo ngay 10/4. Kdt qua thi nghidm da xac dinh duoc thdi vu gieo frong ngfl tiiich hgrp nhat d khu virc nghien ciru la tir 20/04 ddn 30/4.
TbMhda: Ngo, thdi vu, thdi gian sinh truong, nSng suat
1 . DAT VAN DE
O Vidt Nam, ngd la cay luong thuc dung thii 2 sau cay lua. Thdi vu gieo frdng cd anh hudng rdt ldn den cac qua trinh sinh trudng, phat trien va nang sudt cua cay ngd. Mdi vung sinh thai ddu cd thdi vu gieo frdng ngd thich hpp. Trude day da cd mdt sd cdng trinh nghidn cuu vd thdi vu gieo frdng ngd nhu: Cdng trinh nghidn ciiu ciia cac tac gia: Ngd Hiiu Tinh (2003) [10], Dd Tndn Khidm (1996) 15], Duong Thi Nguydn (2011) [8], Trdn Van Minh (2004) [6], Nguydn Diic Luong, Duang Van Son, Luong van Hinh (2000) [7], Nguydn Diic Thuan (2017) [9].
Son La la mdt frong nhiing tinh mien nui, bidn gidi d phia Tay Bdc cua Vidt Nam vdi 1.405.500 ha dat tu nhidn, frong dd didn tich dat ndng nghidp la 189.368 ha, chiem 13,52%, dat frdng ngd la khoang 161.683 ha. Khi hau Son La mang dac tnmg cua khi hau nhidt ddi gid mua: miia he ndng am mua nhidu, miia ddng lanh, cd suong gia, suong mudi, it mua va khd hanh. Nhidt dd tiiuig binh thang tir W.S^C ddn 25,8°C, nhidt do tiiap nhat la tiiang 1 (13,6''C) va cao nhdt vao thang 6 (30^C). DO am khdng khi trung binh la 81%. Lupng mua trung binh nam la tii 1526,8 mm, phan bd khdng ddu, tang dan tii thang 3 (62,9 mm) va cao nhat la thang 7 (425,7 mm) sau do giam ddt ngpt vao thang 9, thang 10 va ddn thang 11, 12 thdi tidt bat dau khd han khdng cd mua (0,7 mm) (Cue Thdng kd tinh Son La, 2014) [5]. Tap quan canh tac ciia ba con dan tdc frong tinh thudng gieo ngd sau khi cd nhihig fran mua to, dat du am. Thue te nhidu nam thdi vu gieo frdng ngd thudng bat ddu tii
' Trudng D91 hpc TSy B k
ddu thang 4 den cudi thang 4. Tuy nhidn, cd nhung nam (2014, 2015, 2016) [2], [3], 14] ddu tiiang 4 cd nhung con mua nhung sau dd frdi khd han, khdng mua lam cho nhung trd ngd gieo frdng vdo dau thang 4 bi gap han, nang suat thap [9].
Xudt phat tii nhiing co sd frdn, vide nghien ciiu xac dinh thdi vu gieo frdng ngd thich hop la rat can thidt. Vi vdy da tidn hdnh dd tdi "Nghiin cuu xic dinh thdi vu thich hpp cho san xuit ngd tai tmh San Ld'.
Kdt qua nghidn ciiu gdp phan hoan thien quy trinh ky thuat san xudt ngd tai Son La.
Z. VAT L i u VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHEV CUU 2.1. Thdi gian, dia didm vd v^t lidu nghidn ciiu Thi nghidm dupe tidn hanh vao vu xuan he nam 2017 va 2018 tai 3 diem la xa Chidng Ban (Mai Son), xa Chidng Son (Yen Chau) va xa Mudng Bii (Mudng La).
Gidng tham gia thi nghiem la NK7328: day la gidng ngd lai dang duoc frdng phd bien d Son La.
2.2. Phuong phap
Thi nghidm gdm 4 cdng thiic la: CTI: Gieo ngay 01/4; CT2: Gieo ngay 20/4; CT3: Gieo ngay 30/4;
CT4 (d/c): Gieo ngay 10/4 (day la thdi gian frdng ngd phd bien eua ndng dan tai tinh San La).
Thi nghidm dupe bd tri theo khdi ngdu nhien hoan chinh (RCBD) vdi 3 lan nhac lai, mdi cdng thiic duoc gieo 4 hang, mdi hang dai 5 m, khoang each 50 cm x 30 cm.
Quy trinh ky thuat ap dung theo Quy chuan ky thudt Qude gia vd khdo nghidm gia tii canh tac va gia tri su dung ciia gidng ngd, (QCVNOl-56:
2011/BNNPTNT) [1].
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020 123
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHt
Cac chi tieu tlieo doi diroc do dem tren 2 hang giila.
Sci lieu thi nghiem duoc >cu ly theo cac phin mem chuyta diing nhu: IKSTAT, GenSoT.. • •
S-KEIQIMViTHMUIilN
3.1. Anh h u m g ciia l h « vu p « ) B ' ' ' * * * ' ***
gian sinh truong, chiiu cao cSy.s?' 'i I h a n v i t t l f dd cay dJa gidng ng6 NK7328 tn>n„ Jii n g h i ^
Thi n g h i t o ve thoi vu duoc ti& hanh a 3 diem la cac huyta Mai Som, Mai Son, Yen Chau, trong vy xuan he nam 2017 va 2018 cho ket qua tai bang 1.
* Cac chi tieu theo doi:
Thoi gian sinh tnrong (ngay): Tong thdi gian tir gieo den chin smh ly.
Dac diem hinh thai: cao cay (cm), cao bjp (cm).
Kha nang chong chiu: sdu due than (%), do cay (%).
Nang suat (ta/ha).
Bang 1. Anh hudng cfia thdi vu gieo trdng ddn thdi gian sinh trudng, chidu cao cily, sau dye than va t^ Id dd c ^ ciia gidng NK7328 trong thi nghidm (sd liju trung binh nam 2017 va 2018)
^ \ C h i tieu CTTN ^ \
CTI CT2 CT3 CT4 (d/c)
C W
TGST (ni Mai Son 109 109 110 111 8,33
Yen Chau
110 110 111 112 9,26
ray) Mudng
La 110 111 112 112 8,36
Chieu cao ca Mai Son 203 226 228 212 10,12
Yen Chau 208 221 222 208 11,1
v(cm) Mudng
La 203 218 223 206 10,86
Sau due than (%) Mai
Son 3,1 3,8 3,9 3,5
Yen Chiu 3,3 3,6 4,0 3,2
Mudng La 3,2 3,5 3,8 3,6
Dd cay (%) Mai
Son 2,1 3,3 3,6 3,3
Yen Chau
2,2 3,4 3,9 3,5
Mudng La 2,4 3,5 3,8 3,6
Ket qua d bang 1 cho thdy, thdi gian sinh trudng ciia gidng ngd NK7328 frong thi nghiem dai nhdt d cdng thuc 4 (d/c) (111 ngdy d Mai Son, 112 ngay d Mudng La va 112 ngay Ydn Chau) va ngdn nhdt d cdng thuc 1 (109 ngdy d Mai Son, 110 ngay d Mudng Lava 110 ngay Ydn Chau). Chidu cao cay thdp nhat d cdng tiiiire 1 (203 cm d Mai Son, 208 cm d Ydn Chau vd 203 cm d Mudng La) va cao nhat d cdng thiic 3 (228 cm d Mai Son, 222 cm d Ydn Chau va 223 cm d Mudng La). Vd sau due than, cdng thiic 1 cd ty Id cay hi h ^ thap nhat (3,1% d Mai Son, 3,296 d Mudng La va 3,3% d Ydn Chau) va cdng thiic 3 cd ^ Id cay hi hai cao nhat (3,9% d Mai Son, 4,0% d Ydn Chau, 3,8% d
Mudng La). Ty Id d6 cay thap nhdt d cdng thiic 1 (2,1% d Mai San, 2,4% d Mudng La vd 2,2% d Ydn Chau) va cao nhat d cdng thiic 3 (3,6% d Mai Son, 3,8% Mudng La va 3,9% d Ydn Chau).
3.2. Anh hudng ciJia tiidi vy gieo trdng ddn nang sudt gidng NK7328 frong thi nghidm
3.2 L Ket qui tiii nghiim vu xuin hi 2017
* Anh hudng cua thdi vu den cic yeu td cau thanh ning suit cua gidng NK7328
Thi nghidm thdi vu xuan he tai 3 dia didm da cho kdt qua ve anh hudng ciia cac yeu td cau thanh nang suat (Bang 2).
\ r h i lieu CTTN^v
CTI CT2 CT3 CT4 (d/c) C W
Bang 2. Anh hudng cua thdi Chidu dai bap (cm)
Mai Son 17,2 19,3 19,2 18,0 3,3
Yen Chau
17,5 20,8 20,5 19,2 3,6
Mudng U 17,9 20,9 20,1 18,8 3,1
vu ddn c i c ydu td c^u Dudng Idnh bip (cm)
Mai Son 3,8 4,4 4,5 4,1 1.0
Yen Chau 4,0 4,6 4,5 4,2 0,8
Mudng La 3,7 4,5 4,4 4,3 1,2
Ihanh nang sudt ciia gidng NK7328 Sd hang hat
Mai Son 13,3 14,1 14,3 13,5 1,1
Yen Chau
1,3,6 14,6 14.5 13,8 1,2
Mudng La 13,2 14,6 14,3 13,7 1,4
Sd hat tren hang Mai
Son 40,5 42,1 42,3 41,0 1.6
Yen Chau 40,3 42,8 42,4 41,6 1,9
Mudng La 40,2 42.6 42,3 41.7 1.8
KLlOOOh, Mai Son 302.4 323,4 326,5 310,2 10,3
Yen ChSu 301,3 331,2 ,328,4 307,4 11,2
it (ft) MiM
La 309,3 331,4 3243 317,4 10,8
124 NONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHl
Kdt qua d bang 2 cho tiiay, chidu dai bdp eua gidng ngd NK7328 frong thi nghidm ngdn nhat d thdi vu gieo ngdy 01/4 - CTI (17,2 cm) vd ddi nhat b thdi vu gieo ngay 20/4 - CT2 (20,9 cm). Dudng kinh bdp nhd nhat d tiidi vu gieo ngay 01/4 - CTI (3,7 cm) va to nhdt d thdi vu gieo ngay 20/4 - CT2 (4,6 cm). Sd hdng hat thap nhat d CTI (13,2 hang) va cao nhat d CT2 (14,6 hang). Sd hat frdn hang thdp nhdt d CTI (40,2 hat) vd cao nhat Id CT2 (42,8 hat). Khdi luong 1000 hat tiiap nhat d CTI (301,3 gam), cao nhatdCT2 (331,4 gam). Nhu vay d thdi vu gieo ngay 20/4 - CT2 cac chi tidu yen td cau thanh nSng suat dat cao nhat.
*Anh hudng cda thdi vu tidng din ning suit gidngNK7328
Thi nghidm vd thdi vu duoc tien hanh d 3 diem la cac huyen Mai Son, Mudng La, Ydn Chau, frong vu xuan he nam 2017 eho kdt qua tai bang 3.
Kdt qua d bang 3 cho thdy, gidng ngd NK7328 cd nang suat trung binh tai 3 didm thap nhat d cdng tiuic 1 (78,18 ta/ha) va cao nhat d edng tiiue 2 (84,95 ta/ha). Nang sudt cua gidng ngd NK 7328 d cdng thiic 2 feieo ngay 20/04) vd d cdng thiic 3 (gieo ngay 30/04) cao hon so vdi cac cdng thiic khac va cdng
thiic ddi chiing (gieo ngay 10/04) mdt each chac chdn vdi xac sudt P > 95%.
Bang 3. Anh hudng cua thdi vu tiidng ddn nang sudt gidng NK7328 trong cdc cdng thtic ihi nghidm nSm
2017
\ C h i tieu
CTTN \ CTI CT2 CT3 CT4 (d/c)
CV%
LSDoos
Nang suat hat (ta/ha) Mai
Son 78,18 84,64' 83,64' 79,22 9,26 3,68
Yen Chau 78,29 84,95' 84,75*
79,63 8,35 4,14
Mudng La 78,26 83,86"
82,86"
78,68 9,72 4,34
Trung binh 3 dia
diem 78,24 84,48"
83,75' 79,18
3.2.2. Kit qua thi nghiim vu xuin he 2018
*Anh huong cua thai vu den cic yeu td ci'u thinh ning suit cua gidng NK7328
Thi nghidm thdi vu vu xuan hd tai 3 dia didm cho ket qua ve anh hudng cua cac ydu td cdu thdnh nang suat (Bang 4).
\ C h i tieu
CTTN \ CTI CT2 CT3 CT4 (d/c)
CV%
Bang 4. Anh hudng cua Chidu dai bap (cm) Mai
Son 17,5 19,8 20,1 18,1 3,2
Yen Chau
17,8 20,9 20,2 18,8 2,8
Mudng La 18,3 20.8 20.0 18.6 3.1
thdi vu ddn cAc ydu Dudng Idnh (cm) Mai
Son 3,9 4,6 4,5 4,0 1,3
Yen Chau
4,0 4,5 4,4 4,1 1.5
Mudng La 3,8 4,5 4,4 4.1 1.7
td cau thanh nang suat cua gidng NK7328 Sd hang hat
Mai Son 13.2 14.5 14,3 13,5 1,6
Yen Chau 13,5 14,4 14,3 13,7 1,4
Mudng La 13.3 14,5 14.4 13,6 1,5
Sd hat tren hang Mai
Son 40.1 42.5 42.4 41.2 2.3
Yen Chau 40.2 42,4 42,3 41.3 2.2
Mudng La 40,0 42.6 42.4 41,3 2,5
KL 1000 hat (g) Mai Son 302,4 326,4 323,5 312,2 11,7
Yen Chau 301,2 333,6 328,8 309,4 12,6
Mudng U 309,3 332,8 324,6 315,9 12,3 Kdt qua d bang 4 eho thay, chidu dai bdp cua
gidng ngd NK7328 frong thi nghiem ngdn nhdt d thdi vu gieo ngay 01/4 - CTI (17,5 cm) va ddi nhdt d flidi vu gieo ngay 20/4 - CT2 (20,9 cm). Dudng kinh bdp nhd nhdt d thdi vu gieo ngay 01/4 - CTI (3,8 cm) vd to nhat d thdi vu gieo ngdy 20/4 - CT2 (4,6 cm). Sd hang hat thap nhat d CTI (13,2 hdng) va cao nhdt d CT2 (14,5 hang). Sd hat frdn hang thap nhat d CTI (40,1 hat) va cao nhat la CT2 (42,6 h^t). Khdi Imimg 1000 hat tiidp nhdt d CTI (301,2 gam), cao nhat d CT2 (333,6 gam). Nhu vay d thdi vu gieo ngay 20/4 - CT2 cdc chi tidu ydu td cau thanh nang suat dat cao nhat
*Anh hudng cua thdi vu tidng din ning suit gidngNK7328
Thi nghiem ve thdi vu duoe tien hanh d 3 diem la cac huydn Mai Son, Mudng La, Yen Chau, frong vu xuan - he nam 2018 cho kdt qua tai bang 5.
Kdt qua d bang 5 cho thdy, gidng ngd NK7328 cd nang sudt trung binh tai 3 diem thap nhat d cdng tiiuc 1 (78,63 t?/ha) va cao nhat d cdng thuc 2 (85,59 ta/ha).
Nang suat ciia gidng ngd NK 7328 d edng thue 2 (gieo ngay 20/04) vd d cdng thuc 3 (gieo ngay 30/04) cao hon so vdi cac edng thiic khac vd cdng
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020 125
KHOA HOC C6NG NGHE thiic ddi chiing (gieo ngay 10/04) mot each chdc
chan vdi xac suat P > 95%.
BSng 5. Anh hirdng c i a thdi vu trdng ddn nang su^t gidng NK7328 trong cac cdng thiic thi nghidm
nam 2018
\ C h i tidu
CTTN \ CTI CT2 CT3 CT4 (d/c)
CV%
LSD„.„s
Nang suat hat (ta/ha) Mai
Son 78,36 86,83' 85,36"
79,32 8,36 4,12
Ydn Chau 78,86 85,16"
84,23"
78,68 9,12 4,23
Mudng La 78,68 84,78"
83,68"
79,36 10,12 4,41
Trung binh 3 dia diem
78,63 85,59"
84,42"
79,12
Nhu vay, kdt qua thi nghidm xac dinh thdi vu gieo frdng ngd thich hop thue hidn d 3 diem va 2 vu cho thdy khi gieo frdng vao thdi vu 20/04 va 30/04, gidng ngd NK 7328 cho nang suat cao nhat
4 . KET LUAN VA BE NGHI 4.LKdtlu3n
Tir ket qua thi nghidm, budc dau xae dinh frdn dia ban tinh Son La, tiidi vu gieo frdng gidng ngd NK7328 tiiich hap nhat la tii 20/4 den 30/4.
4.2. Bk nghi
Tidp tuc tidn hdnh thi nghidm vdi khung thdi gian rdng hon (cudi thdng 3 den dau thang 5) va d nhidu nam de cd kdt luan ddy du vd chinh xac hon.
FINDING THE BEST SEED TIME TO SOW LAND WITH MAIZE IN SON LA PROVINCE Nguyen Due Thuan Summary
The experiments about the seed time to sow land with maize in 3 districts of Son La province that is Mai Son, Muong La and Yen Chau were performed at spring-summer 2017-2018 crop and the maize seeds are used which are called NK7328. There are 4 recipes which exceeding 4 times when the maize was seed on that is 01" April (confrol), 10"^ april, 20* april and 30* april. The result of experiments in 3 districts show that the best seed time to sow the seeds is from 20* april to 30* april.
Keywords: Maize, seed dme, growth time, yield.
Ngudi phan bidn: TS. Luong Van Vdng Ngdy nh§n bdi: 21/01/2020 Ngdy tiidng qua phan bidn: 21/02/2020 Ngay duydt dang: 28/02/2020
TAI LEU THAM KHAO
1. mmngng\ntpvaVVm:{2Qn). Quy chuin ky thuit Quoc gia ve khao nghiem gH tn canh tie va gii tn su dung cua gidng ngd, (QCVNOl-56:
2011/BNNPTNT).
2. CucThdngkdtinhSonLa(2017).M^/7^am Thdng ki tinh Son La 2016.
3. Cue Thdng kd tinh Son La (2018). Niin giam Thdng ki tinh Son La 2017.
4. Cue Thdng kd tinh Son La (2019). Niin giim Thdng ki tinh Son La 2018.
5. Dd Tuan Khidm (1996). Nghiin cuu ky thuit trdng ngd xuan tien dit rudng bd hda mpt ra a mdt sd tinh mien ndi Ddng Bic Viit Nam. LuSn an Tien si Ndng nghidp, Vien Khoa hoc Ky thuat Ndng nghidp Viet Nam.
6. Tran Van Minh (2004). Ciy ngd nghiin cuu va sin xuit Nxb Ndng nghiep. Ha Npi.
7. Nguydn Due Luang, Duong Van Son, Luong van Hinh (2000). Giao tiinh cay ngd NXB Ndng nghidp.
8. Dirong Thi Nguydn (2011). Danh gii kha nang sinh tiuong, phit tiien cua mot sd td hap ngd lai vi bien phip ky thuat cho td hpp lai tridn vpng phuc vu sin xuit ngd vung Ddng Bac. Luan an TS.
9. Nguydn Dire Thuan (2017). Nghiin cuu mpt sd bien phip ky thuit nang cao hiiu qui sin xuat ngd lai tai Son La. Ludn dn TS.
10. Ngd Huu Tinh (2003). Ciy ngd, Vidn Nghidn cuu va Phd bien kidn thue bach khoa. NXB Nghd An.
126 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H 6 N - KY 1 - THANG 4/2020
