BAN VE KHAI NIEM "BIEN PHAP NGAN CHAN HANH CHINH"

BAN VE KHAI NIEM "BIEN PHAP NGAN CHAN HANH CHINH" NGUYEN THI THUY DUNG**' Tom tdt: Mot trong cdc nhiem uu quan trgng cua khoa hgc chinh tri - phdp ly d niidc ta hien nay Id tim ra cdc gidi phdp khoa hoc co gid tri de cung cdp luan cd cho chinh quyen trong cong tdc cdi cdch hoat dgng bg mdy hank chinh nhd nUdc. De ddm bdo hieu qud hoat dgng qudn ly hdnh chinh nhd niidc, gop phdn thdc day nen kinh te'xd hgi phdt trien, bdo dam quyen con ngUdi, quyen cong ddn trong qud trinh thUc hien qudn ly cua nhd niidc thi trUdc het phdi co he thdng nhdn dien hdng ly ludn cdc hien phdp quan ly hdnh chinh nhd niidc. Ngan chan hdnh chinh Id nhom hien phdp do ngiidi co thdm quyen dp dung nhdm Idm cham did hdnh vi vi pham phdp ludt, ngdn chan hdu qud thiet hgi do vi pham hdnh chinh (VPHC) gay ra hoac de bdo ddm viec xd ly VPHC. Bdi viet Idm ro bdn chdt, khdi mem ve bien phdp ngan chgn hdnh chinh, phdn biet bien phdp ndy vdi cdc bien phdp cUdng ck&' khac, ta do gop phdn lam ro nhdn thdc ve bien phdp ngdn chgn hdnh chinh trong hoat dong qudn ly hdnh chinh nhd niidc. Td khoa: Ngdn chgn hdnh chinh; bdn chdt; khdi mem. Abstract: One of the important missions of political sciences in Vietnam is finding valuable scientific solutions to support administrative reformation in the public sector. Theories on public administrative management are essential in identifying administrative management solutions, towards effective public administrative management, socioeconomic growth and human right and citizen right protection. Administrative prevention is a group of solutions applied hy the authorities to stop law breaking behaviors, tackle administrative violations and prevent related damages. This article clarified the definition and features of administrative prevention. Comparison between administrative prevention and other coercive preventive measures was made to highlight to role of administrative prevention in state management. Keywords: Administrative prevention; public administrative. management.. Ngdy nhgn hdi: 03 /Ol /2019; Ngdy sda bdi: 21 /3 /2019; Ngdy duyet ddng hdi: 26/4/2019. Cd the th^y trong phap ludt nUdc ngoai nhU: My, Phap, Thuy Si... thuat ngii "Vi pham hanh ehinh" ra't it khi dUdc s^ dung, cac vi pham nay dupe gpi hau he't la cae tdi pham nhd, toi pham it nghiem trpng (My), hoac la "Luat hinh sii dac biet" (Phap) hoae ciing cd the' goi la "Luat Hinh sii. nhU chi cd thuat ngU "Ngan chan hinh sii", trong do da bao gdm ca ngan chan eac tdi pham binh sii nhd, hay ndi each khac Id ngan chan hanh chinh. Trong khi do, d cae nUdc xa hpi chu nghia, trong dd cd Viet Nam, viec phan biet cae hanh vi vi pham hanh ehinh vdi cdc hanh vi tdi pham,. trong linh viic hanh chinh" (Thuy Si)*^'. Chinh vi vay, t h u a t ngii " N g a n c h a n h a n h chinh" cang ra't khd cd t h d tha'y t r o n g cac ^ . .. van ban phap luat nUde ngoai, ma hau. n ^CS. Khoa Luat, Hoc vi6n Khoa hoc xa h6i. '" Nguyin Dang Dung, '"V^ phap lult x^ ]y hanh chinh cua Vift Nam", Tap chi Nghien cUu lap phap, so 20/2011, tr.io.. 506-2019. NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHM. Q]. BAN VE KHAI NIEM "BIEN PHAP NGAN CHAN HANH CHINH" khdng h i n h sii hda cac q u a n h e h a n h chinh la n h a m thd hidn t i n h n h a n dao cua p h a p luat. Chinh vi vay, t h u a t ngd n g a n chan b a n h chinh va n g a n chan h i n h sU la h a i t h u a t ngd h o a n toan dpc lap. Hidn nay, cac nghien cUu ebu ye'u tap t r u n g nhieu vao nhdm bien p h a p ngan chan trong to' t u n g hinh sU do ti'nh nguy biem eua tdi p h a m cho xa hpi, md h a u n h u khong chu y nhieu de'n eae bien p h a p n g a n chan h a n h chinh. Tuy nhien, vi p h a m h a n h chinh lai eo tinh phd bidn ve loai vi pham, so' lUpng vi p h a m va ehu thd thiic hidn h a n h vi vi p h a m . Vi vay, trong q u a n ly h a n h cbinh n b a nUdc, cae bien p h a p ngdn chan (BPNC) va bao dam xd ly vi p h a m b a n h cbinh (gpi chung la bien p h a p ngan chan h a n h ehinh) co vai trd q u a n trpng trong vide lam ngan chan va bao d a m cho vide xd ly eac vi p h a m p h a p luat h a n h cbinh, t u dd, gdp p h a n duy tri trdt t u q u a n ly ciing n h u td chdc ddi sd'ng xa hdi. Cho de'n nay, p h a p l u a t h d n h chinh Viet Nam v i n chUa cd quy p h a m nao chda dling dinh nghia p h a p ly ve BPNC h d n h chinh, hay trong eae giao t r i n h L u a t h a n h cbinh Viet N a m ciing khdng de cap ro k h a i niem ve bidn p h a p nay m a ehi dinb h i n h bien p h a p n g a n chan b a n h chinh t r e n ed sd muc dieh ap dung. Cu t h e nhU: cac BPNC b a n h cbinh dUpc ap dung trong eac trUPng hpp can thid't phai n g a n chan, d a p t a t nhUng h a n h vi vi p h a m p h a p luat, bao d a m viec xd p h a t h a y ngdn chan nhiing h a u qua thiet h a i do ehung gay ra'^'. N h u vay, d day da dua r a eac muc dich, ciing ddng thdi Id cd sd de ap dung eac bien p h a p ngan chan h a n h chinh, dd Id: (1) kbi can n g a n chan, dap t a t b a n h vi vi p h a m p h a p luat, (2) ngan chan b a n qua thiet h a i do vi p h a m gay ra, va (3) bao dam cho vide xd p h a t . Q]. Trong ngon ngii tieng Viet, ngan chdn •"—"to " & " ". "o—. c. • •. ' 1 V,'. nghia Id: "Chan lai, l a m b a n ebe k h a n a n g gay tac hai"; cdn biin phdp la: "Cach lam, each thdc tie'n h a n h , giai quye't mpt va'n de eu the"'^'. N b u vay biin phdp ngdn chdn CO t h e hieu la: CdcA de hgn che khd ndng gay tdc hgi cua mot vdn di ndo do. Trong xii ly vi p h a m h a n h chinh, cd the hieu: Bidn p h a p n g a n c h a n h a n h ehinh la each thUe chan lai, b a n che' k h a n a n g gay tac h a i ciia vi p h a m h a n h chinh. Tuy nhidn, vdi each didn d a t n a y ve BPNC h d n h chinh mdi cbi thd hidn b a n c h a t ben ngodi cua nd, chUa ehi r a dUdc b a n chat cua n g a n c h a n b a n h chinh la gi. H a u he't q u a n diem d e u thd'ng nha't B P N C h a n h chinh thupc n h d m bien p h a p eUdng che' nhd nUdc h a y ndi each khae, n g a n chan b a n h chinh m a n g t i n h cUdng che b a n h ehinh. Cudng ehe h a n h c h i n h la bao luc cd td chdc cua n h a nUde dUpc ap d u n g ddi vdi ea n h a n , td chdc thiic h i e n vi p h a m b a n h chinh hoac t r o n g cac trUdng hpp p h a p l u a t quy d i n h de budc ca n h a n , td chUe cha'p h d n h eac nghia vu t r o n g boat ddng q u a n ly h a n h chinh, t h e h i e n quyen liie n h a nude trong vide b a o vd t r a t tii q u a n ly h a n h chinh p h u c vu ldi ich x a hdi, n h a nude va ea n h d n , td chiic*^'. Tinh cudng ehe trong B P N C h a n h chinh t h e h i e n d chd: viec ap dung cae bidn p h a p n a y cua cac cd q u a n hoac ngudi cd t h ^ m quyen h d n h ehinh la viec sii d u n g sUc m a n h ed t i n h cha't bao lue ddn phUdng m a khong can sU dona y cua ngudi hi a p d u n g . C h u '^' Nguyin Ciiu Viet (2010') Gidf* M^h. i - . L- L. " Tran Thi Lam Thi (2015), "Cuijng' ^ S ,^, , L j luan va thUc t,in", Luin an < A sX Hoc ^ K^^ hoc xa hoi, tr.23, • ^ " ^ " Khoa. NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHH SO 6-2019. NGUYEN THI THUY DUNG the CO th^m quyen budc ea nhan, td chUe phai phue tung chap hanh quye't dinh ap dung mpt BPNC nao do. Quyet dinh ndy lam xua't Men quan he phap luat hanh chinh gifla mpt bdn la ed quan cd tham quyen va mdt bdn la ddi tupng bi ap dung bidn phap ngan chan hanh chinh. Quan he phap luat nay chiu sii tac dpng eua phUdng phap "quyen u^' - la sU ap dat y chi eua ngUdi nay ddi vdi ngUdi khac budc ngUdi dd phai phuc tiing*^' bat chd'p cd sii ddng y hay khdng ddng y. Sii phuc tung nay dupe dam bao chu ye'u bdng bao liic mang tinh nha nUde - la bao lUe c6 td chiic vdi quy md rdng Idn, ed trinh tii, thu tiic, th^m quyen dp dung chat che, dupe quy dinh trong phap luat. Ban cha't eua BPNC hanh chinh dUdc xac dinh bdi tinh chat va ndi dung eua sii cUdng che' the hien trong khi ap dung chung. Xet ve tinh cha't, eac BPNC hanh chinh la sU tac ddng triie tiep eua nha nUdc len dd'i tUdng hi ap dung, hay ndi each khac day Id sii tae ddng bang bao lUc cd td chflc eiia nha nUde de ehd'ng lai tinh trang khdng binh thupng cua sii van hanh phap luat: Dd chinh la sU vi pham phap luat, cu the d day la sii vi pham phap luat hanh chinh. Chii the tham gia quyet dinh va thue hien eae bidn phap ngan chan phai la chu the cd tham quyen theo quy dinh phap luat hay noi each khae dd la nhflng ehu the mang quyen lUc nha nUdc, dai dien cho y chi eua nha nUde khi c6 cdn efl ap dung eac BPNC hdnh chinh. Xet vd ndi dung, cUdng che' la bao liic. Bao luc nay cd the tac ddng gian tiep de'n hdnh vi cua ngUdi khac (tac ddng de'n tam li dd'i tupng, khie'n cho hp lo sp ndn bupe phai thiie hien hanh vi trai vdi y muon cua minh); hoac nd ciing ed the tae dpng triie tidp de'n hanh vi eua ngUdi khae bude hp sd 6-2019. phai tuan theo y chi cua ngudn dp dung cudng ehe'. NhU vay, bao lUc d day cd thd hieu la nhflng bidn phap tac ddng den thd cha't hay tam li cua dd'i tUpng. Cac BPNC hanh chinh tac ddng dd'n the chd't va tam ll cua ehinh dd'i tUdng bi ap dung bang sii ca'm doan mdt sd hdnh vi nha't dinh, nhU: tie'p tue thiic hien hanh vi vi pham, bd trdn... Song song vdi sii ca'm doan do la ban che' mpt so' quyen vd tU do cd nhan, nhU: tu do di lai, quyen bat kha xam pham ve than the, tii do eU tru... NhU vay, ve ban chat, cac bidn phap ngan chan hanh chinh eo tinh cUdng ebe'. Mac du deu mang tinh cudng ehd' hanh chinh, nhUng bien phap ngdn chan hanh cbinh ed sU khac bidt vdi cae bien phap cUdng che hanh chinh khae. NhU chung ta da bid't, eUdng ehd' ed tinh chat nha nUdc dupe thiie hidn bdi bd may nha nUdc nhdm dd bao vd quy pham - la dac trUng rieng cua phap luat, phan bidt rd rang cUdng ehe' bao ve quy pham pbap luat vdi cUdng ehe' bao vd cac quy pham xa hdi khae. Cudng chd' nha nUdc vdi tU each che' tai mpt bp phan cua quy pham phap luat - la kha nang bay sii de dpa ap dung nd (the tinh); cdn khi vi pham da xay ra thi chd tai dupe ap dung thiie te (the ddng). TUdng flng vdi dieu ndy, chung ta ed eUdng che tam li vd cUdng che' thuc te' (cUdng ebe the cha't), trong dd cudng ehe' tam li la thuat ngfl phan anh mpt tinh hinh cd thiic la ed nhflng ehii the phap luat da thuc hien hdnh vi hpp phap khdng phai do tfl nguydn ma dUdi sii de dpa cua eUPng chd', ban eha't cua sU cUdng ehe nay la tra'n ap dpng ed chdng phap luat, ngan can banh vi trai phap luat. Su phan biet gifla cUdng '•^' Trin Minh Huong (chu bien, 2013), Gido trinh ludt Hdnh chinh Viet Nam, TrUOng Dai hoc Luat Ha Noi, Nxb. Cong an nhan dan, tr.lO.. NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHH. Q|. BAN VE KHAI NIEM "BIEN PHAP NGAN CHAN HANH CHINH" va phdng ngfla vi p h a m , khoi phuc t r d t tU p h a p luat. Xfl p h a t h a n h chinh chi dupe a p d u n g ddi vdi ea n h a n , td chflc khi thiie hien vi p h a m h d n h chinh, cu t h e la h a n h vi dd da thda m d n eac yen t d ca'u t h a n h V P H C . Trong k h i do, n g d n chan h a n h cbinh dupc ap d u n g n g a y ea k h i h d n h vi dd ehua cd du cd'u t h a n h n e n V P H C , h a y ndi each k h a e , ehi c a n co da'u h i d u eua vi p h a m , t u y t h e o tflng loai h d n h vi cu t h e m a ngUdi cd t h a m q u y e n cd t h e a p d u n g ngan chan h a n h chinh de d a m bao lam c h a m dflt vi p h a m p h a p l u a t , n g a n cho vi p h a m k h d n g tie'p dien h o a c d e d a m bao t h i h a n h quye't d i n h xfl p h a t vi p h a m h d n h e h i n h . Do e u n g b a n eha't cUdng che, va ddng t h d i k h i a p d u n g n g a n c h a n h a n h c h i n h c u n g l a m b a n che' v e t h e cha't va t a m II cua dd'i tUdng hi a p d u n g n e n h a i n h d m b i e n p h a p n d y thUdng dupe hidu n h a m l a n n h a u t r d n thiie td'. Tuy n h i e n , vdi sii k h a c b i e t ve c a n efl a p d u n g , npi d u n g va m u c dich l a m cho h a i n h d m bidn p h a p n a y t r d n e n dpc ldp, bien p b a p n a y hd t r p cho b i e n p h a p kia de thUe hidn b o a t ddng q u a n ly m d t each cd hieu qua. Ngan chan h a n h chinh m a c dfl m a n g t i n h phdng ngfla n h u n g k h d n g gid'ng eae bien p b a p phdng ngfla h d n h chinh. Bien p h a p phdng ngfla h a n h chinh la "each thflc m a n g t i n h cudng ebe, cd td ehflc cua n h a nude, tae dpng dd'n ea n h a n , t d chflc nham^ kich thich eac h a n h vi hpp p h a p cua hp, bao dam, duy tri t r a t tU t r o n g q u a n ly b d n b ehinh n b a nude hoac n g a n chan, h a n Ngan chan h d n h cbinh hoan toan khac ebe k h a n a n g gay ton h a i tdi Ipi ich xa hdi, biet vdi xfl p h a t h a n h cbinh. Xfl p h a t la n b a nudc, ca n h a n , td chflc t r o n g t i n h ehd' t a i h d n h cbinh, la p h a n quye't cud'i hudng ba't t h u d n g cua q u a n ly h d n h ehinh cung cua n h a nude dd'i vdi h d n h vi vi p h a m p b a p luat. Ndi dung, muc dich cua xfl p h a t m a n g t i n h triing tri gdn lien vdi giao du.c "* Vu Thu (1996), "Che' tai hanh chinh T f l -. che' t a m li va eUdng che' tbiic te' cbi m a n g t i n h cha't tUdng dd'i, bdi vi cUdng che thUc te' ciing tac ddng de'n t a m li eua ngUdi vi p h a m vd nhflng ngUdi khac qua do co tac dung phdng ngfla cac vi p h a m p h a p luat. Ngan chan b a n h chinh cung nbU che t a i b a n h chinh deu nhdm muc dich bao ve cac quy p h a m p h a p luat, bao ve t r a t tU q u a n ly h d n h chinh n h a nUdc bdng cUdng che' n h a nUdc - tac ddng bang bao liic nhd nUde len dd'i tupng bat bp phai phuc t u n g thdng qua hai hinh thflc chu ye'u la tac ddng t a m If va tac dpng thiie td' (tac ddng the chat). Tuy nhien, each thflc bao ve t r a t tu p b a p l u a t cua chung la hoan toan khac nhau. Che' t a i h a n h chinh xet cho cung do la "su danh gia cud'i cimg" cua n h a nUdc dd'i vdi ngudi vi p h a m cd ldi, la "hau qua ke't cue" cua vi p h a m vd la sii giai quyet ve thuc chat vu vide vi p h a m . Mue dieh eu thd eua che' tai h a n h cbinh la nhdm: giao due, triing tri va phdng ngfla vi p h a m p h a p luat. Trong khi do, eae bien phap n g a n chan h a n h ehinh chUa phai la sii d a n h gia cud'i cung, h a u qua ket cue ciia mpt h a n h vi vi p h a m phap luat, dong thdi muc dich ciia eae bien phap ngan chan h a n h chinh la n h a m kip thdi ngan chan h a n h vi vi p h a m va h a u qua dd'i vdi xa hdi do vi p h a m do gay ra; dam bao cho vide xfl ly vi pham, chfl khdng giai quyd't thuc cha't, triet de vu viec vi pham. Chinh vi vay, khdng the coi n g a n chan h a n h chinh la che' t a i b a n h chinh m a ve cd ban cbi la nhdm cac bidn p h a p to tung dupc sfl dung de tao dieu kidn cho vide ap dung cac che'tai'^'.. thuc tien", Luan dn hen si, tr.l4.. Q. ^ ' ^''^^ '. NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI 50 6-2019. NGUYEN THI THUY DUNG nha nudc"'^. Muc dieh cua bien phap phdng ngfla hdnh chinb la khong de vi pham phap luat xay ra trong linh viic boat ddng hanh chinh bang viec kich thich cae hanh vi hdp phap cua ddi tUdng quan ly; ngan ehan, han chd kha nang gdy tdn hai den ldi ieh cua xa hpi, nha nUdc, ea nhan, to ehfle do tinh hudng ba't thudng trong quan ly nha nfldc nhU trUdng hdp khan cS^p, thien tai, dich bdnh... Tfl dd ed the tha'y can efl dd ap dung bidn phdp phdng ngfla hanh ehinh khong hd lien quan den vi pham phap ludt xay ra. Nhdm bidn phap nay hfldng tdi viec loai bd nhflng dieu kien, tien de cd thd lam xua't hien hanh vi vi pham phap ludt. Nhfl vay, tinh phong ngfla trong phdng ngfla hanh chinh sdm hdn tinh phdng ngfla trong nhom bien phap ngdn ehan hanh ehinh.. phat, hay ndi each khac, cac bien phap ngdn chan hanh chinh ed the xem la phUdng tien mang tinh phdng ngfla, ngan chan va dam bao cho hoat ddng xfl phat vi pham hanh chinh. O day, cdn phan bidt muc dich ap dung va can efl ap dung eae bien phdp ngan chan banh ehinh. Cac giao trinh Luat hanh cbinh Viet Nam deu xae dinh hai can efl ap dung bien phap ngan ehan hanh ehinh la: de kip thdi ngan chan vi pham banh chinb; hoac de dam bao xfl ly vi pham banh chinh. Tuy nhien, ed the tha'y d day chua cd sii rd rang ve can efl ap dung va muc dieh ap dung cac BPNC. LL. Petrukhin da khdng dinh: "Can efl ap dung bien phap ngan ehan la sii dii bao ed day du cd sd ve kha nang thiic hien hdnh vi ba't Ipi cua ngUdi vi pham". Ve mue dieh ap dung, hdu het cac nhd "Nhflng hanh vi ba't Ipi dupc hieu la: 1) luat hpe trong nfldc ddu thd'ng nha't viec ap Trdn tranh boat dpng kiem tra, dieu tra; dung cac bien phap ngan chan hanh ehinh 2) Gay khd khan cho vide xfl ly vi pham; 3) cd hai muc dich: a) Ngdn chan vi pham Gay khd khan eho vide phat hien vi pham; hanh ehinh; b) Bao dam vide xfl ly vi 4) Tid'p tuc thiie hien hanh vi vi pham)"*^'. pham hanh chinh. Ludt Xfl ly vi pham Quan nidm nay hdp ly bdi vi, dd xae minh hanh chinh 2012 da danh mpt phan rieng vi pham, cac cd quan cd tham quyen phai quy dinh vd eae bien phap ngan ehan va ap dung mpi bien phap do phap luat quy bao dam xd ly vi pham hdnh chinh, trong dinh de thu thap tai lieu, chflng efl. Cac dd Luat eiing quy dinh cd bien phap nhdm tai lieu, chflng efl dd eho phep du bao ve ngan chan vi pham, ed bien phap nhdm kha nang mpt ehu the cd lien quan den bao dam xfl ly vi pham, hoac ciing ed bien vide thiie bien vi pham hoac se tiep tuc phap vfla nham ngan ehan vfla nham bao thiic hidn vi pham hdnh cbinh. Kha nang dam xfl ly vi pham hanh chinh dd. Tren ed tren chi la mdm mdng va se xay ra khi cd sd phan tich thudt ngfl "ngan chan" va dieu kien thuan ldi. Viec ndm thdng tin ve "bien phap ngan chan", tac gia cho rang, kha nang ne'u chu quan, khdng xem xet muc dich ap dung bien phap ngan chan day du can efl ap dung tflng BPNC eu the hanh chinh la nhdm xac minh hanh vi vi ma vdi va quye't dinh, thi se dan den lam pham tren thiic te, hoac lam cha'm dflt kip thdi vi pham hanh chinb dang dien ra <"" Nguyin Thi Bich Ngoc (2017), "Bign phap phong ngtfa h a n h chinh theo phap iuat Viet Nam", Ludn dn ddng thdi lam giam kha nang gay thiet hai tien si. Hoc vien Khoa hoc xa hoi, tr32. cua vi pham dd gay ra va cud'i cung Id <^' T r a n Quang Tiep (2005), Vi tU do cd nhdn vd bien phdp ci&ng che tdtung hinh sii, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc nham dd bao dam thi hanh quyet dinh x^ gia, H a N o i , tr.53.. S(fB-2019. NHAN LUG KHOA HOC XAHOI. Q]. BAN VE KHAI NIEM "BIEN PHAP NGAN CHAN HANH CHINH" quyen, ap dung khdng "tid't kiem", vi pham quydn va tii do ca nhan. Dai tfl dien Tie'ng Viet do GS.TS. Nguyen Nhu y Idm chu bien giai thich theo nghia cua danh tfl: Cdn efl la "cai lam cd sd de lap luan, de hanh dpng"*^'. Cai lam CP sd de lap luan, de banh ddng md chung ta de cap d day Id nhflng tai lieu de lap luan, quye't dinh ap dung cac BPNC. Tai lieu lam can efl ap dung eac BPNC CO pham vi rat rdng va co the chia lam hai nhdm: a) Nhdm thd nhdt: Cac tai lieu noi len kha nang can trd vide xae dinh vi pham banh chinh, kha nang trdn tranh vide kiem tra, dieu tra, hoac kha nang tie'p tuc tbiie bien vi pham hanh chinh; b) Nhdm thd hai: Cac tai lieu khang dinh mpt ngUdi da thuc bidn vi pham hanh chinh, bdi le ehi cd the ap dung bien phap ngdn chan hanh cbinh dd'i vdi ngUdi da thiic hien hanh vi vi pham va dd'i tUdng cd lien quan de'n nd. Nhu vay, muc dich ap dung la cdi ma hanh ddng eua cbu the thuc bidn hanh vi budng den, cdn can efl ap dung Id cai lam ed sci de hanh dpng nham dat dUde muc dich nha't dinb. Viec phan biet bai npi dung ndy la can thid't bdi sU Idn lon gifla muc dich va can efl ap dung cd the ddn de'n tinh trang ap dung khdng dung muc dieh hoac cdn efl, tfl dd lam anh hudng dd'n quyen ldi ich cua dd'i tupng bi ap dung bien phap ngan chan banh cbinh. Ve pham vi ap dung bien phap ngan chan banh ehinh, va'n de dat ra la cac bidn phap ngan chan hanh cbinh cbi nham bao dam cho vide xfl phat vi pham banh cbinh hay cdn bao gdm viec bao dam cho cac bien phap xfl ly banh cbinh khac. Ra't dd gay nham lan kbi ebo rdng thuat ngfl 'Taao dam xfl ly vi pham hanh cbinh" trong ten Q. gpi cae bien phap ngdn ehan hanh chinh va bao dam xfl ly vi pham hanh cbinh la bao gdm "xfl phat vi pham hanh ehinh" va "cac bidn pbap xfl ly hanh chinh khae". Tuy nhien dieu nay cflng dUdc giao trinh Luat hanh chinh - Khoa luat Dai bpe Qudc gia giai thich: Vi pham banh ehinh la ed sd cua tranh nhiem banh chinh, dd xU ly VPHC, bude cae ehu the thiic hien vi pham phai chiu hau qua ba't Ipi tfl nha nUdc ve hanh vi vi pham do minh gay ra (trach nhiem hdnh ehinh) thi cd hai nhdm bien phap trach nhiem hanh ehinh la bien pbap phat vi pham vd khde pbue hdu qua. Ngoai ra, trong qua trinh xfl ly vi pham hanh cbinh eon ap dung nhieu bien phap, hdnh dpng khde ed y nghia phap ly trong do cd bidn phap ngan ehan hanh ehinh. Bidn phap nay nham xac minh vi pham hanh chinh (khi hanh vi ehUa cd day du eac yd'u to' cd'u thanh vi pham hanh ehinh nhUng ed dd'u hieu cua vi pham pbap luat), lam cha'm dflt hanh vi vi pham hanh cbinh dang didn ra (khi da cd vi pham hdnh chinb trdn thiic te) qua dd dam bao, bd trd cho vide xfl ly vi pham hanh ebinh'^*". Ben canh dd, cac bien phap xfl ly hanh cbinh khae (bay cdn gpi la bien phap cUPng ehe hanh chinh dae biet nhU: gido due tai xa, phupng, thi tran; DUa vao trudng giao dUPng; Dua vao cd sd giao due, Cd sd chfla benh...) ve cd ban ed dd'i tUdng ap dung thupc didn thUe hien vi pham hanh ehinh, nhung dien do'i tupng ndy bdu nbu ra't it ma chfl ye'u la ngudi thUe hien VI pham hinh su nhung ebua dd'n tudi chiu ''" Nguyin Nhu Y (Chii bien, 1998) £>„; f,v rf,-' T, J^^. N x b . V a n h o a - Thongtm, H a ' w t ^ , 2 6 9 "^ ''«' Nguyen CUu Viet (2010), Gido iWnft 7 , , " . ,, • u chinh Viet Nam, Nxb. Dai hoc Q u ? . , i t H S" tr.566. • ^ ^ " 3 Noi,. NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHM SQ 6-2019. NGUYEN THI THUY DUNG trach nhiem hinh sfl*^" va nhflng ddi tfldng khdng thiic hien hdnh vi vi pham phap luat (vi du: dd'i tUdng la tre em - dUa vao cd sd giad due, hay ddi tUdng dUa vao cd sd ehfla benh nhdm mue dich chfla bdnh, cd sd cai nghien...). NhU vay, khac vdi bien phap phat, phdng ngfla hay bien phap ngan chan bao dam trflng phat, eac bidn phap xfl ly hanh ehinh ehu ye'u la dd chfla benh bat budc dd'i vdi cac dd'i tupng nbU: ngfldi dien, tam than hoac ddng thdi de giao due ddi tUdng mdc mdt so benh xd hdi nhu nghidn ma tuy ma ehung ta khdng thd gpi day la tdi pham hay vi pham hanh chinh. Mat khae, tfl viec phan tieh ban chd't, muc dieh ap dung vd vide phan biet cac bidn phap ngan chan hanh ehinh vdi cac bien phap cUdng che khac nhU tren ed the tha'y rang: Ngan chan hanh cbinh ludn gan lidn vdi vi pham phap luat, ed nghia la da, dang cd vi pham xay ra tren thiie te va tuy theo dac diem cua vi pham dd (da cau thanh vi pham hanh chinh hay ehUa) ma chu the cd tham quyen can efl Ifla chpn cac bien phap ngan chan phfl hdp dd dam bao dung vdi mue dieh cdn ap dung, tfl do bao dam eho boat dpng xfl ly vi pham hdnh chinh dat hieu qua. NhU vdy, xua't phat tfl ban cha't, mue dieh cua tiing bien phap cUdng che', cd the tha'y rang, cae bien phap ngan ehan hanh chinh dat ra la nham dam bao eho boat dpng xfl phat vi pham hanh ehinh dat hidu qua, hay ndi each khac, bien phap ngan chan hanh ehinh gan vdi trach nhiem hanh chinh, chi dat ra ddi vdi eac dd'i tUdng thiic hien vi pham phap luat. Tfl nhflng phan tich trdn day hieu: Bien phdp ngdn chgn hdnh Id biin phdp to tung mang tinh che nhd nUdc do chu the cd thdm sd 6-2019. cd the chinh cddng quyin. dUdc phdp ludt quy dinh tdc ddng len cd nhdn, td chdc khi co cdn ca dp dung nhdm xac minh, Idm cham ddt hdnh vi vi pham hdnh chinh vd bdo ddm cho viec xd ly vi pham hdnh chinh dung phdp ludt. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Nguydn Dang Dung (2011), 'Ve phap luat xfl ly hdnh chinh cua Viet Nam", Tgp chiNghiin cdu lap phdp, sd'20/2011. 2. Trdn Minh Hudng (chu bidn, 2013), Gido trinh lugt Hdnh chinh Viet Nam, Trudng dai bpe Luat Ha Ndi, Nxb. Cdng an nban dan. 3. Nguydn Thi Bich Ngpc (2017), "Bien phap phong ngfla banh chinh theo phap luat Viet Nam", Ludn dn tien si, Hpc vien Khoa hpe xa hdi. 4. Tran Tbi Lam Thi (2015), "Cudng ehe hanh chinh: Ly luan va thiic tien", Ludn dn tien si, Hpc vien Khoa hpc xa hdi. 5. Tran Quang Tiep (2005), Ve td do cd nhdn vd biin phdp cUdng chi to tung hinh sU, Nxb. Cbinh tri qudc gia. Ha Npi. 6. Vu Thu (1996), "Cbdtai hanh chinh Li luan va thUc tidn", Luan dn tien si. 7. Nguyin Cflu Viet (2010), Gido trinh Ludt hdnh chinh Viet Nam, Nxb. Dai hpc Quo'c gia Ha Ndi. 8. Nguydn Nhu y (Chu bidn, 1998), Bgi td dien Tieng Viet, Nxb. Van hda - Thdng tin. Ha Npi. 9. Lugt Xdlyviphgm hdnh chinh 2012.. ai) Nguyin Ciiu Viet (2010), Gido trinh Ludt hanh chinh Viet Nam, Nxb Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi, tr.533. NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI. ^.