KHOA HOC
XAY DXSNG T O CHirc QUAN LY HE THONG THUY LOfl NOI BONG HIEU QUA, BEN VtTNG PHUC VU XAY DI^NG NONG T H 6 N M 6 I
PGS.TS Nguyen Timg Phong, PGS.TS T r a n Chi T r u n g , K S . Dinh Vu Thiiy Vien Khoa hpc Thdy loi Viet Nam
Tdm tdt: Cdc td chuc qudn ly hi thing thuy lai ndi ddng cd vai trd quan trpng trong qudn ly khai thdc cdng trinh thuy loi phuc viJ sdn xudt ndng nghiep vd ddn sinh. Bdi bdo ndy ddnh gid thuc trgng td chirc vd hogt ddng cua cdc td chirc ditng nude, tic dd di xudt md hinh qudn ly h^
thdng thuy Ipi ndi dong phit hpp cho cdc viing miin vd cdc chi tieu ddnh gid td chuc qudn ly hi?u qud, ben virng hi thdng thuy loi ndi ddng phuc vu xdy dung ndng thdn mdi
Tir khda: To chuc dung nu&c, thuy lai ndi ddng, hiiu qud, ben virng, ndng thdn mdi
Abstract: The organizations managing on-farm irrigation system play an important role in managing irrigation schemes to provide water for agriculture production and domestic use.
Based on the assessment of the actual situation of organization and operation of the organizations managing irrigation schemes in communes, this paper proposes the model of organizations managing on-farm irrigation system for different regions and criteria for assessing the organizations managing on-farm irrigation system effectively and sustainably to implement irrigation criteria for new rural development
Key words: Water user organization, on-farrm irrigation system, effectively and sustainably, new rural development
1. D ^ T VAN DE
Chuang trinh "Muc tieu qudc gia xdy dung ndng thdn mdi" dd tgo ra ca hgi thudn lgi cho cdc xd xay dung, hoan thien he thdng thuy lgi ndi ddng do Chuang trinh xay dung ndng thdn mdi hi?n nay la phong trao dang dugc cd xd hgi quan tam, dugc trien khai tich cue, sdu rgng tren dja bdn cd nude. Tren ca sd BO tieu chi qudc gia ve ndng thdn mdi ciia Chinh phu, Bd Ndng nghiep vd phat trien ndng thdn da ban hanh Thdng tu sd 41 ngdy 04 thdng 10 ndm 2013 hirdng dan thyc hidn Bd tieu chi qudc gia vl ndng thdn mdi. Theo dd, cdc xa dgt tieu chi thuy Igi khi dap ung du 2 yeu cdu: (1) Dgt ty I? kien cd hda kenh muang theo quy djnh vd
Ngirdi phan bi?n: PGS.TS. Nguyen The Quang Ngay nhan bai: 28/10/2015
Ngay thong qua phan bi?n. 9/11/2015 Ngay duy?t dang: 15/12/2015
(2) Cd he thdng thuy lgi co ban dap img yeu cau san xudt va dan sinh. Trong dd tieu chi cd he thdng thuy lgi co bdn dap iing yeu cdu sdn xuat va ddn sinh cd chi tieu ve td chitc (Hgp tac xd hogc Td hgp tdc) qudn ly khai thac va bao v? cdng tiinh, dam bao kenh muong, edng, ke, dap, bd bao dugc van hdnh cd hi|u qud ben vung, phyc vu cho sdn xuat, dan sinh, dugc da sd ngudi ddn hudng lgi ddng thuan. Dieu nay cd nghia la xdy dyng cac to chiic quan ly he thdng thuy Igi ndi qudn Iy hi$u qua ben vihig cdng trinh thiiy Ipi Id yeu cdu quan trpng dl thuc hien tieu chi thuy lgi trong xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi.
Theo bao cdo kit qua ddnh gia tieu chi thuy Igi cua 54 tinh, tinh d i n thang 6/2015 ty Ie binh qudn cac xd dat tieu chi thiiy lgi Id 50%, trong dd viing Ddng bdng sdng Cim Long vd viing Ddng Nam Bg dgt ty Ie cao nhdt la tren 70%, vimg Ddng bdng sdng Hdng dat ty le thdp nhdt
TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E T H C I Y LOl SO 30 - 2015
I KHOAHO( ^ J . I J I t H l t l ' l J W
la 32%, cdn cac viing khdc dgt khoang 40%[1]. Thyc te cho thay, cdc td chuc dimg nude gdp phdn quan trgng de duy tri va phdt huy hieu qua cua cdng trinh thiiy lgi phuc vy san xuat ndng nghidp, ddn sinh. Tuy nhien cdng tdc qudn Iy thuy ndng co sd d nhilu dia phuang cdn chua dugc quan tdm dung miic ddn den hieu qua boat ddng ciia td chiic qudn Iy cdng trinh thiiy lgi cdn kem hieu qua. Do vdy viec nghien cim dl xudt ede giai phdp xay dung td chiic qudn Iy he thdng thuy Igi ndi ddng hieu qua, ben viing la cdn thilt, cd y nghia khoa hgc va thyc tidn cao trong viec nang cao hieu qua qudn ly khai thac cdng trinh thiiy lgi, ddng thdi giup cho cdc dja phuong thyc hien tieu chi thuy lgi trong xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi.
2. THirC TRANG HOAT D O N G CUA CAC TO CHlfc QUAN LY H$ THONG THUY LOI NOI DONG
2.1 So lugng, loai hinh cac to chii'c Cdc td chiic quan ly he thdng thuy lgi ndi ddng hay cdn ggi la cac Td chiic diing nude hien nay ^n tgi theo nhieu IOEU hinh, the hien tinh da dgng theo dieu kien dia hinh, dan smh, kinh te xa hdi, phong tue tap quan, dac ihii va quy md cdng trinh thiiy Igi cua timg vimg, mien Uong cd nude. Theo sd Ueu bdo cao cua Tdng cue thuy lgi (2012) cd nude cd 16.238 Td chiic dimg nude [2]. Tren co sd tdng hgp bao cao ket qud danh gia tieu chi thiiy lgi den thang 6/2015 cua 54 tmh d 7 vung tren ca nude, cac logi hinh Td chiic diing nude theo viing mien d nude ta dugc the hien d Bang 1.
Bang 1. Cdc loai hinh td chirc diing nirdc theo viing mien d" nude ta
Vung
Mien niii phia Bac Dong bang song Hong Bac Trung bo Nam Trung bo Tay Nguyen Dong Nam bo
Dong bang song Ciru Long Tong cong S6 luong
Ty le (%)
Tong so
4,026 1,586 1,755 924
93 71 6,558 15,013
100
So lu'ong HTX
NN 583 1,349 1,286 317
21 6 436 3,998
27 HTX chuyen
khau 383 232 62 7 0 0 6 690
5
T6hyp tac 2,409
5 394 502 32 58 6,082 9,448 63
BanQL Thuy nong 521 0 4 98 0 6 34 663
4 Ban thiiy Igri
xa 126
0 7 0 40 1 0 174
1 Ngudn: Bdo cdo ddnh gid tieu chi thdy loi ciia 54 tinh (6/2015)
Theo so lieu a Bang 1, cac To chiic diing mroc thiiy nong bao g6m ca Ban quan ly thiiy loi xa.
bao g6m 3 loai hinh chu ySu la: (i) Hop tac xa Trong (Jo, Hop tac xa va T6 hop tac la hai loai CO lam dich vu thuy Igi gom H(7p tac xa dich hinh chinh chiem toi 94% t6ng s6 T6 chirc vu nong nghiep va Hgp tac xa chuyen khau dimg nucic tren phjm vi toan qu6c. Loai hinh thiiy nong, (ii) T6 hgp tac va (iii) Ban quan ly Hgp tac xa (HTX) chiSm 32% t6ng s6 to chiic
TAPCHI KHOA HOC V A C I S N G N G H E T H O Y LOI Sl3 30-2015 15
KHOA HQC
dimg nude, tiong dd Hgp tac xa dich vy ndng nghiep la chu yiu chilm 27%, Hgp tdc xa chuyen khdu thiiy ndng chi chilm 5%. Logi hmh H p i hogt dpng d hdu hit cdc tinh vimg Ddng bang sdng Hdng va Bdc Trung Bd vd mdt sd tinh d vimg Miln niii phia Bdc. CJ vimg Tay Nguyen, loai hinh Hgp tdc xa djch vu ndng nghiep Id khdng dang ke, d vimg Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long loai hmh Hgp tdc xa dich vu ndng nghiep boat dpng chu yiu la d cdc tinh ddu ngudn nhu An Giang, Ddng Thap, Tiin Giang nhung noi ma dien ti'ch canh tdc Iiia dugc khep kin bdng he thdng de bao, bd bao. Logi hinh Td hgp tdc gdm Hdi sii dyng nude, Td hgp tdc, Td, Dpi thiiy ndng chiem 63% phd biln d cdc tinh vimg Mien niii phia Bdc va Ddng bdng sdng Cim Long. O vimg Mien niii phia Bdc, loai hinh Td hpp tac chiem 56% sd td chirc tiong vimg va d vung Ddng bang sdng Cim Long logi hinh Td hpp tdc chiem tdi 92% sd td chiic tiong vimg. Tuy nhien trong vimg Ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long cd mdt sd tinh gan nhu chua cd cdc td hgp tdc nhu Cdn Tho, Bac Lieu, Cd Mau. Logi hmh Ban quan ly thuy ndng chiem 4% tdng sd Td chiic dimg nude, tap trung phdn ldn d cdc tinh Cao Bdng, Yen Bdi vimg Mien niii phia Bdc, tinh Quang Nam vung Nam Trung Bd, tiong khi dd loai hinh Ban quan ly thuy lgi xa chi chiem 1% hogt ddng chu yeu d tinh Lao Cai, Lai Chdu viing Mien niii phia Bdc va tinh Dac Ndng viing Tay Nguyen.
2.2 Loai hinh Hgp tdc xa
+ Tu cdch phdp ly: Cac HTX qudn ly cdng trinh thiiy Igi hogt dpng theo ludt Hgp tac xd nen cd con dau, tdi khoan, gidy phep ddng ky kinh doanh, cd dieu le vd quy che boat ddng, cd try sd lam viec. Tuy nhien, d hdu het cac dia phuong cac HTX chua thuc hien chuyen ddi theo md hinh HTX mdi theo Ludt HTX (2012). Den nay mdi ed mdt sd dia phuang thyc hien chuyen ddi theo md hinh HTX mdi nhu tinh Ha Nam, Thanh Hda, Qudng Binh va Thira Thien-Hue, Binh Thudn, Bd Ria-Vung Tau, An Giang, Kien Giang.
+ Quy md hogt ddng: Theo quy md di|n tich tudi, cac HTX cd dien tich phuc vy trung binh la 100-300 ha, nhd nhdt la 30 ha, Idn nhdt la 1.OOOha. 6 vung Mien niii phia Bdc vd Tdy Nguyen cac HTX cd quy md khd nhd tu 30 din 200 ha, d vimg Ddng bdng sdng Hdng va Bdc Trung Bd, Nam Trung Bg cdc HTX cd quy md phd bien tir 100 den 300ha. Theo ket qua dilu tra tai 14 xa d huyen Gia Binh, tinh Bdc Ninh vimg Ddng bang sdng Hdng (2013) thi cdc HTX cd dien tich phuc vu tir 50 den lOOha chilm 70% va tii 100 d i n 200ha chilm 30% [3]. Kit qud dilu tra tgi 45 xa d 3 tinh Nghe An, Ha TTnh vd Thira Thien-Hue d vimg Bdc Trung bd (2013) cho tiidy cae HTX cd dien tich phyc vu tir 50 den 1 OOha chiem 40%, tir 100 din 200ha chilm 50% vd tren 200 ha chi chilm 10% [4]. Trong khi dd d vimg Ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long hau het cac HTX cd quy md kha ldn, tinng binh la 300-500ha [5]. Cac HTX d he thdng Bac Vam Nao, tinh An Giang cd quy md theo tieu vung nen cd dien tich kha Idn tir 300-l.OOOha. Theo quy md hdnh chinh, hau het cac HTX cd quy md hogt ddng tiong phgm vi thdn, Hen thdn, xa. Vi dy nhu d huyen Gia Binh, tinh Bdc Ninh 100% cdc HTX cd quy md thdn, Hen thdn. Cdc HTX d 3 tinh Nghe An, Ha TTnh vd Thira Thien-Hue cd quy md thdn. Hen thdn chiem 72%> sd to chuc, ddc biet d tinh Thira Thien- H u l cdc HTX cd quy md thdn, lien thdn chilm tdi 9 1 % . Mgt sd HTX d he tiidng Bdc Vam Nao, tinh An Giang cd hoat ddng theo tieu viing nen cd quy md xd vd lien xa.
Hoat ddng ciia HTX Idm dich vu thuy lgi bao gdm hoat ddng sdn xudt kinh doanh, cung cap dieh vu cho san xudt ndng nghiep, phd bien Id 5 den 10 dich vu, trong do dich vu thuy lgi la chii yiu, chilm 70-100%» doanh thu ciia cdc HTX. Trong khi dd, hdu hit cac HTX d vimg Miln niii phia Bdc, Tay Nguyen chi thuc hien dich vy thuy lgi, hdu nhu khdng thuc hien cac dich vu khde, gdn gidng nhu loai hinh HTX chuyen khau thiiy ndng.
T ^ P CHl KHOA H p c VA C O N G N G H E T H O Y L O I S 6 30 - 2015
KHOA HOC + Van hdnh, bdo dudng cdng trinh: Cac
HTX thdnh lap cdc td thuy ndng dl thuc hien nhiem vu van hdnh, ddn nude tdi mat rugng cho ngudi dimg nude. Hogt ddng bao duang, siia chfta thudng xuyen dugc thyc hien theo 2 hinh thuc chu yeu Id thue nhan cdng, doanh nghiep thuc hien hay huy dpng cdng lao dgng ciia ngudi dimg nude dl nao vet, tu bd kenh muong. Hinh thiic huy dgng cdng lao dgng cua ngudi diing nude de nao vet, tu bd kenh muang dugc thyc hien d nhilu dia phuang, nhdt Id d viing Miln niii phia Bdc, trong khi do hinh thiic thue doanh nghiep thuc hien bdo duong, sira chua cdng trinh dugc thyc hien phd bien d viing Ddng bdng sdng Cim Long.
+ Khd ndng tu chu tdi chinh: Ngudn thu chii yeu ciia cac HTX la tir thuy lgi phi, md phdn Idn tir ngudn cap bii chiem khoang 70-80%, ngudn thu tir cdc boat dgng kinh doanh, dich vu khdc va tir ngudn thu phi thiiy lgi ngi ddng khodng 20-30%. Ngudn kinh phi cap bii thiiy lgi phi da tao dieu kien cho cdc HTX ddm bao ty ehii tai chinh nen hogt ddng qudn ly khai thac cdng trinh ciia cdc HTX qudn Iy cdng trinh thuy lgi nhd dpc lap ngdy mdt thudn Igi, cdng tac tudi, tieu ngay cang chu dpng, phuc vy tdt ban yeu cdu san xudt. Mdt sd tinh quy djnh ve ty Ie chi phi cho van hanh, bdo dudng cdng trinh (O&M) chilm khodng 50-80% kinh phi cdp bii thiiy Igi phi. Vi du tinh Cao Bang
quy dinh ty le cho O&M la 50-55%o, tinh Bdc Kgn quy dinh ty le ndy tdi 80% [6].
Ngoai ngudn thu tii kinh phi cdp bii thiiy lgi phi, cac HTX cdn thu phi thuy lgi npi ddng dl thuc hien quan Iy van hanh bdo duong cdng trinh thuy igi tren dia bdn xd. Hien nay, mdt sd tinh da quy djnh ve miic trdn phi thuy lgi ndi ddng vdi miic quy dinh va thuc te thu phi thuy lgi ndi ddng dugc the hien d Bang 3. O viing Mien nui phia Bac cdc tinh quy dinh miic trdn phi thiiy lgi ngi ddng tir 3-30% kinh phi cap bii thuy Igi phi, trong dd tinh Bdc Giang quy djnh miic phi thiiy lgi ndi ddng thdp nhdt la 28 nghin ddng/ha/vu (3%) va tinh Quang Ninh quy dinh miic phi thuy lgi ngi ddng cao nhat Id 543 nghin ddng/vu (30%) [6]. Cdc tinh viing Ddng bang sdng Hdng, Bac Trung bd va Nam Trung Bp quy dinh miic phi thuy Igi ndi ddng tir 140-700 nghin ddng/ha/vu [3], [4]. C) mdt sd tinh vung Bdc Trung Bg, cac HTX thu phi thiiy lgi ndi ddng cao ban quy dinh ciia tinh, ty 1| thu phi thiiy Igi npi ddng vugt quy dinh d tinh Nghe An la 41%), d tinh Ha Tinh Id 15% va d tinh Thira Thien- Hue tdi 93%. Nhieu tinh d viing Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long khdng quy dinh ve miic tran phi thiiy lgi ndi ddng md miic thu phi thiiy lgi ndi ddng la do hiep thuang giira eac td chiic quan ly thuy ndng va ngudi diing nude vdi miic phi kha cao so vdi cac vung khdc, tir 600-1.800 nghin ddng/ha/vu.
Bang 2. Quy djnh va thuc te thu phi thuy Igi ngi dong d mot so vung
Dan vi: 1000 ddng/ha/vu
TT 1 2 3 4
Viing Mien niii phia Bac D6ng bang song Hong Bac Trung Bp
Dong bang song Cuu Long
MiTC tran phi thiiy Ioi noi
(long 28- 543 300-700 140- 700
Mirc thu phi thuy loi noi dong thu'c te
28- 543 300-700 200- 900 600-1.800
Ty le thu
(%)
30-50 80-95 80-85 80-85 Ngudn: Cdc bdo cdo diiu tra cua Trung tdm PIM (2013-2015)
TAP CH( KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H ^ T H O Y LOI S 6 3 0 - 2015 17
KHOA HOC
[5] Miic phi thuy lgi ddng cao do cdc HTX qudn Iy tram bam dien nhd, he thdng de bao, bd bao npi ddng nhung khdng dugc cdp bu thiiy lgi phi. Cac tinh vimg thugng ngudn, noi cd dien tich ddt ndng nghiep cdn bom vd khd ndng phat triln vu 3 ldn, lgi nhuan tit sdn xuat Ilia cao nen ndng ddn sdn xudt liia san sdng trd cho dich vu tiidi tieu tdi 1.200 din 1.800 d/ha/vu, trong khi dd d ede tinh d viing ha ngudn va 2 tinh thieu ngudn nude nggt Id Bac Lieu, Cd Mau thiiy Igi phi ndi ddng thudng thdp ban, khoang 600-1.000 ngdn d/ha/vy.
+ Hieu qud hogt ddng cita logi hinh HTX:
- Cac Hgp tdc xa dich vu ndng nghi?p, Hgp tac xa chuyen khdu thuy ndng cd tu cdch phap nhdn, tdi khoan va con ddu, cd try sd lam viec boat dgng thudn Igi trong cdng tac quan ly, sir dung kinh phi cap bii thuy lgi phi. Phdn ldn cac HTX dang hogt ddng khd tdt dich vu thuy lgi dam bao tudi tieu phue vy san xuat ndng nghi?p. Mpt sd HTX chuyen khdu thiiy ndng hoat dpng kem hieu qua cd nguy co bi tan ra do miic thu tir cap bii thuy lgi phi thdp, trong khi khdng thu dugc phi thuy lgi ngi ddng nen khdng dam bao tdi chinh cho cdng tdc quan ly, van hanh cdng trinh, nhu cac HTX d he thdng Dau Tieng, Tdy Ninh.
- Mpt sd KTX d vimg DBSCL hogt ddng tiieo xu budng xd hpi hda tuang ddi hieu qua, tuy nhien miic tiiu vd lai qua cao md chi tap tiung vao sd it hp hudng lgi cd tham gia ddng gdp cd phan - Viec thu phi thuy lgi ngi ddng chua dugc thyc hien tdt d nhieu dia phuang do chua cd quy dinh miic trdn phi thuy lgi ngi ddng.
2.3 Loai hinh Ban quan ly thuy nong + Tu cdch phdp ly: Ban qudn Iy thiiy ndng xa dugc UBND cdp huyen hodc cdp xd quyit dinh thdnh lap, cd tu each phdp nhan, dugc md tdi khoan de boat ddng. Ban sii dung con ddu vd tru sd cua Uy ban nhdn ddn xa. Ban quan ly thuy ndng cd quy che boat ddng dugc UBND huyen hodc xa phe duyet.
+ Van hdnh, bdo dudng cdng trinh: Ban qudn Iy thiiy ndng xd lam vi?c theo che do kiem nhiem, dudi cac Ban quan ly thiiy ndng xa la cac td quan ly thiiy ndng quy md thdn, ban thyc hien van hdnh, bao dudng cdng trinh thiiy igi. Ngudn thu ciia cae Ban qudn Iy thuy ndng chii yiu tir ngudn cap bu thuy Igi phf, ty le chi cho Ban quan Iy chi khoang 5-10% cdn 90- 95% chi cho boat ddng van hdnh, bdo dudng cdng trinh.
+ Hi?u qud hogt ddng cua logi hinh Ban qudn ly thuy ndng:
- Ban qudn ly thuy ndng hogt dgng kiem nhiem nen cd bd may td chiic tinh ggn, sir dung con ddu cua UBND xa, bd may nhdn su cd chuyen mon gdn dugc vai trd, trdch nhiem ciia ehinh quyen trong cdng tac quan ly thuy ndng ca sd, thugn Igi trong viec quan I;;? va thanh quyet toan tai chinh d dia phuong, nhat la cdc dia phuang vimg mien niii.
- Ban qudn ly thuy ndng da phdt huy dugc su tham gia ciia ngudi dung nude qua cdc td quan ly thiiy ndng thdn, ban.
- Tuy nhien, md hinh Ban qudn Iy thuy ndng xa chua phdi Id md hinh td chiic dimg nude hodn chinh, nhieu trudng hgp ban chi Id cap trung gian de giiip UBND xa quan Iy cdc td quan ly thiiy ndng trong xd Idm dich vu tudi.
2.4 Loai hinh To hop tac
+ Tu cdch phdp ly: Logi hinh Td hgp tac gdm Hdi sir dung nude, Td hgp tdc, Td, Ddi thuy ndng dugc chii tich UBND xa ky quyit dinh thanh lap va phe duyet dieu le, quy che boat ddng. Cac Td hgp tac chua ddm bdo tu each phdp nhdn de nhdn kinh phi cdp bii thuy lgi phi, sii dyng con dau cua xd de thuc hifn cac giao dich ve dich vu thuy Igi.
-t- Quy md hogt ddng: Cdc Td hgp tdc qudn 1^
cdng trinh thuy Igi cd quy md nhd, phuc vu dien tich tudi tieu khdng Idn cd pham vi thdn, Hen thdn chu yiu tap trung d dia phuang khdng tiianh lap dugc Hgp tdc xa. Mae dii xuat
18 TAP CH( KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E T H O Y LOl S(5 30 - 2015
KHOA HOC ^ E C 3 ! B i I ^ B
hien d nhieu nai, nhung logi hinh Td hgp tdc chu yeu tap trung d vung mien niii, vimg sau, viing xa. Cdc Td hgp tdc d vimg Ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long cd quy md dp, lien dp nhung phu trdch dien tich ldn ban cdc vung khdc, dac bi?t Id cdc Td hgp tdc d he thdng Bdc Vam Nao, tinh An Giang cd quy md xa, phyc vu diSn tich tudi tieu tdi 1.OOOha.
+ Van hdnh, bdo duang cong trinh: Cac Td hgp tac cd cac thuy ndng vien de thuc hien nhiem vu van hanh, dilu tilt dan nude tdi mat rugng cho ngudi dung nude. Hdu hit cdc Td hgp tac huy ddng cdng lao ddng ciia ngudi dirng nude de nao vet, tu bd kenh muong.
+ Khd ndng tu chu tdi chinh: Cac Td hgp tdc qudn ly cdng trinh thuy Igi ddc lap dugc cdp bii kinh phi mien giam thuy lgi phi tao dilu kien thudn lgi cho viec quan 1^ cdng trinh hieu qua ban. Mdt sd td hgp tdc cd kha ndng ddm bdo ve kinh phi eho edng tdc qudn ly van hdnh, bdo duong cdng trinh nhu Td hgp tdc hd Bdu Zdn d Ninh Thudn, Td hgp tac d h? thdng Bdc Vdm Nao, tinh An Giang. Hau het cac Td hgp tac cd ngudn thu chi dap ung dugc khoang 70% chi phi, chii yeu la ehi cho cdng tdc quan Iy vgn hanh, thieu kinh phi cho cdng tdc duy tu bao dudng cdng trinh. Viec thu phi thiiy lgi ndi ddng chua dugc thuc hien tdt d nhieu dja phuong do cdc tinh chua cd quy dinh miic ti^ ve phi thuy Igi npi ddng vd do chinh quyen dia phuong chua quan tdm din hogt dgng cua cdc Td hgp tdc. Mgt sd dia phuong d vimg Mien niii phia Bac gap khd khan.
tiong viec thyc hien cap bii thuy Igi phi cho cdc dja phuang do cac td hgp tac khdng cd tu cdch phap ly ddy dii. Dilu nay Idm anh hirdng den kha ndng tu chu tdi chinh cua cdc Td hgp tdc.
+ Hieu qud hogt ddng cita logi hinh Td hpp tdc: Nhin chung cdc Td hgp tdc hoat dgng hieu qua thdp, mdt sd td chiic tdn tgi mang tinh hinh Uiiirc khdng boat ddng dugc.
- Cdc Td hgp tdc chii yeu cd quy md thdn va lien thdn, phu trach dien tich tudi khd nhd ddn din hi?u qud quan ly qdng trinh thiiy lgi thap.
Cac Td hgp tdc khdng cd tu cdch phdp nhan ddy dii nen hogt ddng khd khdn xudt phdt tir viec khd trien khai vd qudn ly ngudn cap bii thuy lgi phi, nen khdng cd ngudn thu, khdng tir chu dugc tdi chinh.
Nang luc ddi ngu cdn bd cua cdc Td hgp tdc cdn ban che, dgi ngu can bd chu chdt thudng xuyen bi thay ddi (theo nhiem ky), che do thu lao, dai ngd chua phu hgp.
Ca sd vgt chat, trang thiet bi cua cac Td hgp tdc cdn ngheo ndn, phdn ldn chua cd tru sd ldm viec.
3. DE XUAT MOT S 6 GIAI PHAP XAY DlTNG T 6 CHITC QUAN LY HE THONG THUY LOI NOI DONG PHVC VU XAY DV>*G NONG THON MOfI
Xay dyng cac td chiic qudn ly hieu qud ben virng he thdng thuy lgi ngi ddng la yeu cdu quan trgng de thuc hien tieu chi thiiy lgi phyc vu xay dyng ndng thdn mdi. Tuy nhien, hieu qud hogt ddng cua cac td chirc chiu sy tac ddng cua nhieu yeu td nhu ve the che, tdi chinh, ky thudt, xa hdi. Trong khudn khd ciia nghien ciru ndy, cdc giai phdp xay dyng cdc td chiic dimg nude qudn Iy hieu qua ben vung cdng trinh thiiy lgi phuc vu xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi dugc de xudt Id: (i) Md hinh td chiic quan ly he thdng thuy Igi ngi ddng phu hgp cho cac vung mien vd (ii) Cdc chi tieu danh gia td chuc qudn Iy hieu qud, ben viing he thdng thiiy Igi ngi ddng.
a) Mo hinh td chu-c qudn ly h$ thSng thuy lot npi ddng phd hap cho cae vung mien Md hinh td chiic qudn ly hp thdng thuy lgi ngi ddng can phii hgp vdi phap ludt Men hdnh, ddm bdo cho td chiic ty chu tai chinh dl hogt ddng hieu qua, dn dinh Idu dai. Tuy nhien, md hinh td chiic quan ly cung cdn phu hgp vdi dilu kien cdng trinh thiiy lgi, dilu kien kinh tl xd hdi, trinh do quan ly cua cdc vimg miln.
Md hmh Hgp tac dich vy ndng nghiep quan ly cdng trinh thuy lgi dap ling duge ddy dii cdc
TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E T H O Y LOI S(5 30 - 2015 19
I KHOA H " 0 C "
yeu cdu vl tu cdch phdp Iy vd cdc nguyen tdc phat huy su tham gia cua ngudi dimg nude.
Cdc Hgp tdc xa dich vu ndng nghiep cdii chuyin ddi flieo Ludt Hgp tdc xa ndm 2012 de thuc hien cung cdp dich vu sdn xudt ndng nghiep bao gdm cd dich vu tudi, tieu, ddm bdo nguon kinh phi hogt ddng. Viee chuyin ddi md hinh HTX theo Ludt Hgp tdc xa dam bao cho cdc HTX thuc hien djch vu sdn xudt ndng nghiep dugc hudng cdc chinh sdch hd trg uu dai cua nha nude. Md hinh HTX qudn ly he thdng thuy lgi ndi ddng phii hgp d vimg Ddng bdng sdng Hdng, Bdc Trung Bg, Nam Trung Bp, nhung noi cd md hinh Hgp tac xa dich vu ndng nghi?p dang boat ddng vd md rpng ra cho nhimg dia phucmg khdc cd dieu kien cdng trinh, dilu kien kinh tl xa hdi khd, ngudi dan cd du ndng lye qudn Iy cdng trinh thuy Igi.
Md hinh Ban quan Iy thuy ndng xa quan ly cdng trinh thuy Igi phii hgp vdi dieu kien thuc tl hien nay d nhung dja phuang cd cdng trinh thiiy lgi quy md nhd, trinh dp ngudi ddn cdn ban che, chua dii nang luc, dieu kien dl thdnh lap HTX d viing miln niii. D I md hinh Ban quan ly thuy ndng hogt ddng hieu qud can cung cd, kien todn cac td thiiy ndng thdn, ban dl phat huy su tham gia ciia ngudi
dan trong qudn ly he thdng thuy lgi ndi ddng.
Doi vdi logi hinh Td hgp tac d vimg Miln niii phia Bdc, Tay Nguyen va vung Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long, trudc mdt cdn cimg cd tang cudng bg may td chiic vd ndng luc dpi ngii can bd, phdt huy su tham gia eiia cgng ddng gdn vdi trdch nhiem cua chinh quyen dia phuang cung nhu cd chinh sach tai chinh hd trg dl duy tri boat ddng cua cdc td chiic ndy dam bdo phyc vu san xudt. Tuy nhien, ve Idu dai cdn phdt triln loai hinh ndy thdnh cac Td hgp tdc quy md ldn hoac Hgp tdc xa quy md thdn, lien thdn.
b) Cac chi tieu danh gia to chuc quan ly hieu qua, ben vung he thong thuy lgi ngi dong
Hieu qud va tinh bin vung eua cdc To chuc qudn ly he thdng thuy Igi ngi ddng dugc ddnh gia qua 5 chi tieu gdm: (i) Tu each phdp Iy, (ii) Nang luc quan Iy, van hdnh cdng trinh thuy lgi, (iii) Hoat ddng thudng xuyen, (iv) Kha nang tu ehu tdi chinh va (v) Sy hai Idng cua ngudi diing nude vdi chat lugng dich vu thu)- lgi. Cac chi tidu danh gia td chiie quan ly hi^u qua, bin vung he thdng thuy lgi ndi ddng dugc de xudt nhu d Bdng 3.
Bang 3. Cac chi tieu ddnh gia td chiic qudn ly hi^u qua, ben vihig h^ thong thuy lgi ngi dong TT
1
2
Chi tieu ddnh gia Tu each phap ly
Ndng luc qudn Iy, van hdnh cdng trinh thiiy Igi
Yeu cau
-Td chiic quan ly cdng trinh thuy lgi cd quyet dinh hodc cdng nhan ciia UBND huyen hoac xa
- Cd quy che hoat ddng dugc thdng qua Dai hdi thanh vien cac hd dimg nude va dugc UBND huyen hoac xa phe chuan.
- Ban qudn Iy dugc tdp hudn vl qudn ly khai thac cdng trinh thiiy lgi, cd dii nang luc, kinh nghiem quan ly cdng tiinh thuy Igi
- Cac cdn bd k5' thugt van hdnh hd chiia, tram bam di?n cd chiing chi chuyen mdn theo quy dinh
20 TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE THUY LOI SO 30 - 2015
I KHOAHCM W - | - L ' | H I " ' " ' = ^
TT 3
4
5
Chi tieu ddnh gid Hoat dgng thudng xuyen
Khd nang ty chii tai chinh
Su hdi Idng cua ngudi dimg nude vdi chdt lugng dich vu thuy lgi
Yeu cau
-Td chiic hgp tiiudng xuyen, it nhdt Id 1 Idn trong vy san xudt dl bdo cdo kit qud boat ddng trong vu san xudt va xdy dung ke hoach hoat ddng cho vu tiep theo.
Cd ngudn thu tir ngudn cdp bu thuy lgi phi, phi thiiy lgi ndi ddng ddm bdo cho hogt ddng van hdnh, duy tu, bao duang vd sua chua thudng xuyen cdng trinh
Ty le y kien ngudi dimg nude hai ldng ve chat lugng djch vu thiiy lgi cua td chiic quan Iy dat tren 75%.
Can luu y Id chi tieu ve sy hai ldng cua ngudi diing nude vdi chat lugng dich vy thuy Igi dugc xdc dinh vdi sd lugng hd dugc lay y kien dieu tra it nhdt la 10% tdng sd hd diing nude ttr he thdng thiiy lgi ndi ddng nhung khdng dudi 30 hd vd phdi dam bao cd dgi dien ngudi sii dung nude tir cac khu tudi.
4. KET LUAN, KIEN NGHI
Cac td chiic qudn Iy he thdng thiiy lgi ndi ddng tdn tgi theo nhieu logi hinh, the hien tinh da dang theo dieu kien kinh te, xa hdi, dac thu vd quy md cdng trinh thuy lgi cua titng vung, mien trong ca nude. Cac td chiic qudn ly he thdng thuy Igi ndi ddng cd vai trd hit sire quan trgng trgng viec qudn ly khai thac cdng trinh thiiy Igi phuc vy sdn xudt ndng nghiep, gdp phdn phyc vu xdy dung ndng thdn mdi. Tuy nhien cdng tac qudn Iy thuy ndng ca sd d nhilu dia phuang cdn chua dugc quan tdm diing miic ddn din hieu qud hogt ddng cua td chiie qudn ly he thdng thiiy Igi ndi ddng cdn kem hi?u qua. Do vdy cdn thye hien cimg cd, chuyin ddi md hinh Hgp tdc xa dich vu ndng nghiep cd lam dich vu thuy lgi theo Luat HTX ndm 2012 cho viing ddng bdng
vd md rdng ra cho nhiing dia phuang khac.
Md binh Ban quan ly thuy ndng xa quan ly cdng trinh thiiy Igi phii hgp vdi dieu kien thuc te hien nay d nhiing dia phuang cd cdng trinh thiiy Igi quy md nhd, trinh do ngudi dan cdn hgn ehe nhdt Id d viing mien niii. Ddi vdi logi hinh Td hgp tdc, trudc mdt cdn cung cd tang cudng bd may td chiic va nang luc ddi ngu cdn bd, gan vdi trach nhiem ciia chinh quyen dia phuong de duy tri boat ddng cua cac td chiic nay dam bao phuc vu sdn xuat. Tuy nhien, can cd ke hoach phdt trien loai hinh ndy thdnh cac Td hgp tac quy md ldn hoac Hgp tdc xa quy md thdn, lien thdn.
Cdc chi tieu ddnh gia td chiic qudn ly hieu qud, ben vung he thdng thiiy lgi npi ddng dugc de xudt tren co sd phdn tieh ket qua thuc hien tieu chi thuy lgi d nhieu dia phuang tren ca nude nen cd co sd khoa hgc va cd tinh dp dung vao thuc tien cao. Cdc chi tieu nay la ca sd cho cdc CO quan quan ly nhd nude, cac dia phuang xdy dung hudng dan ddnh gia td chiic qudn ly cdng trinh thuy lgi hieu qud ben vihig de thuc hien tieu chi thiiy lgi trong xdy dung ndng thdn mdi.
TAP CH( KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E T H O Y LOI S 6 30 - 2015
KHOA HOC
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Sd NN&PTNT d cdc tinh (2015). Bdo cdo kit qud ddnh gia tieu chi thuy Igi din tiidng 6/2015.
[2] Tdng cue thuy Igi (2012). Bdo cao thuc trang td chiic va hogt ddng ciia cdc td chiic dung nude
[3] Trung tdm PIM (2014). Bdo cdo ddnh gia thyc tiang quan ly thuy Ipi, Du dn tang cudng the che quan ly nude cho khu mdu huyen Gia Binh, tinh Bac Ninh
[4] Trung tdm PIM (2013). Bdo cao ddnh gid thuc tiang quan Iy khai thac he thdng thuy lgi npi ddng vimg Bdc Trung Bd, De tai cap nha nude: "Nghien ciiu de xuat cdc gidi phap khoa hgc vd cdng nghe ve giao thdng ndng thdn, thuy Igi phu hgp vdi quy hoach lang xa phuc vu xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi vung Bdc Trung bd"
[5] Trung tdm PIM (2015). Bao cao danh gid thyc tiang qudn Iy thuy lgi, Du an tu vdn thanh lap td chiic dimg nude d vimg Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long (Du an WB6)
[6] Trung tam PIM (2015). Bdo cdo ddnh gid thuc trgng qudn ly thiiy lgi, D I tai "Nghien ciiu gidi phdp ndng cao hieu qud td chiic dung nude d vimg Miln niii phia Bdc"
22 TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E T H O Y - L O I S 6 30 - 2015
