NGHI^NCCru - TRAO 0 6 1
PHAT mM LOAI 6AM NHlM "HOA THACH SONG"
(LAONASTES AENIGMAMUS) 6 PHONG NHA KE BANG, V I | T NIII
NGUYfcN XUAN DANG', NGUYEN XUAN NGHIA', NGUYEN M ^ H HA' Lfi DCTC MI'NHS NGUYfeN DUY LU'DNG', DINH HUY TRf
1. Vi^n Sinh thdi vd Tdi nguyen Sinh vgt, Vi?n Khoa hgc vd Cong ngh^ Vi0t Nam 2. Thing tam Nghien cuv Tdi nguyen vd Moi trudng, Dgi hgc Quoc gia Hd Ngi 3. Chuang trinh Bdo ton Phong Nha • Ke Bdng, FFI Viit Nam
4. Trung tdm Nghien cuu khoa hgc vd Cuu hg. Vudn Quoc gia Phong Nha-Ke Bai^
Mdd^u
Vudn Qudc gia Phong Nha - Ke Bdng chng vdi Khu bAo tdn Da dang sinh hgc Qudc gia Hin Ndm Nfl (KBT Hin Ndm Nd) ciaa CHDCND Ldo tao thanh khu vue bao tdn rflng ldn nhdt Ddng Nam A, bao ve cdc he sinh thdi nui da vdi di^n hinh giau da dang sinh hgc ciaa vung sinh thai day Trudng Son. Viing sinh thai day Trudng Son la mflt trong 238 viing sinh thdi toan cdu (Global 200 ecoregions) cd gia tri da dang sinh hgc phong phu nhd't tren thdgidi [2].
Trong 2 thdp ky qua, nhidu lodi dflng vdt mdi cho khoa hgc lien tuc dugc phat hien tai vilng sinh thai nay, k^ eac cac loai thu ldn nhu sao la iPseudoryx nghetinhensis) phat hien 1992 [12], mang ldn (Muntiacus vuquangensis) nam 1994 [4], Mang Pu Hoat {Muntiacus puhoatenis) nam 1997 [10], mang Trudng Son (Muntiacus truongsonensis) ndm 1998 [5], tho vdn (Nesolagus timminsii) nam 1999 [9,1],... Vi vdy, bao ve vung sinh thdi day Trudng Son khdng chi la bao tdn dugc cdc gid tri da dang sinh hgc cO •^ nghia todn cdu da dugc bie^l, ddng thdi, c6n bao tdn nhidu loai sinh vdt bl dn khdc md khoa hgc con chua khdm pha ra.
Vao nhflng ndm 1996-1999, trong qua tiinh didu tra da dang sinh hgc tai KBT Hin Ndm Nfl thudc tinh Kham Mudn (Lao), hai nhd khoa hgc gdm M.F. Robinson va R.J. Timmins da
thu dugc 12 mSu ciaa mdt lodi thu gdm nhdim la cd ten dia phuong Id "Kha nucm" bdy bdn dditf thudc huyen Tha Khet, tinh Khdm Mu6n.
Jenkins vd cdc cdng su [6] tren eo sd phdn tich cdc ddc didm hinh thai cc thd vd cdu Uiic gen cua 12S rRNA vd cytochrome b ciia cde milu vdt ndy nhdn thdy chung hoan toan khac xa v6i cae loai thu gdm n h ^ hien dai khdc tren th^
gidi, vi thd hg da xdp loai thu nay vao mOt bo mdi (Laonestidae), gidng va lodi m(M (Laonestes aenigmanus) vdi ten tiShg Anh la Laotian Rock Rat (Chudt dd Lao). Mflt nam sau dd, nhdm nghien cdu cua Dawson [3] da tidn hdnh so sdnh cdc dae didm hinh thai ciia loai thu mdi ndy vdi cdc hda thach gdm nh^
vd phdt hien rdng loai thu nay la dai dien con sd'ng duy nhdt ciia hg Diatomyidae dugc xem Id "tuyet chiing" cdch ddy 11 trieu nam. Ho Diatomyidae cd ba gid'ng da bi tuy6t chung chi dugc ghi nhdn qua hda thach Id Fallomus, Diatomys va Willmus. Gid'ng Fallomus c6 nhSt thuOc ky Oligocene each ddy khoang 25-30 trieu ndm va ky Miocene each ddy khoar^ 21- 13 trieu ndm dugc tim thdy d Pakixtan, An D6 vd Thdi Lan.
Gio'ng Willmus fre nhdt duge phat hien c Pakixtan thudc ky Miocene cdch ddy H trieu ndm. Gidng Diatomys thudc ky Miocene dUOc tim thdy d nhidu noi nhu tinh Shandong va Jiangsu ciia Trung QuO'c, dao Kyushu cua Nhdl
^^
HUdNG T 6 1 K * N I | M 410 NAM QUANG B I N H H I N H THANH VA P H A T TRIEN (1604 -2014) f ) j ] ^NGHIEN cCru - T R A O D 6 I Ban, Bdc Pakixtan vd huyen Lamphun cua Thdi
Lan [3]. Gifla Laona^/e^ vd gidng Diatomys cO rdt nhidu didm giO'ng nhau nhu: kich thudc co thd tuong tu nhau, chdn cd edu true thich nghi vdn dflng tren ndn da. Xuong hdm dudi khflng cd mdu eoronoid; hdc bam co nhai k^o ddi vd phia dirdc tdi phia dudi rang hdm sd 4 vd chia thanh 2 phdn tren vd dudi, mdu ldi (codyle) thdp nhimg cao hon day rdng. Rang ciJra ngdn, men cd cdu tnic nhidu day. Rang hdm kidu bilophdont khep kin vd cd nhidu chdn (3-4 chdn). Vi vdy, nhdm nghien cflu cua Dawson cho rdng hg Laonestidae md Jenkins vd cs. [6]
(Nguon. Dawson el al. 2006) Hinh 1. Hoa do hoa thach lo^i Diatomys shantungensis
di xudt chinh !a hg Diatomyidae da bi "tuyet chung" cdch ddy 11 trieu ndm va loai thu mdi Laonastes aenigmamus chinh la dai dien sdng duy nhdt cua hg Diatomyidae. Nhu vdy, lodi Laonastes aenigmamus ed thd xem la "hda thach sdng" ciaa hg thii cd Diatomyidae. Cdc tdc gia ndi tren khdng giai thfch tai sao hg da khflng gflp gidng Laonestes vdo gidng Diatomys.
Dieu thii vi la lodi Laonastes aenigmamus con dugc xem la mdt hien tugng "hieu flng hdi smh" (lazarus effect) cua hg Diatomyidae.
Hieu flng hdi sinh la mdt hien tugng lien quan d^n cae phdt hien hda thach sinh vdt, ndi vd su
tdi xudt hien eua mdt bdc phdn loai sau mflt thdi gian ddi hdng hieu nam khflng ed ghi nhdn va duge xem la da bi tuyet chiang. Viec phdt hien ra lodi chuOt dd ldo dai dien sdng cua hg Diatomyidae duge eho id tuyet chung cdch ddy 11 Uieu ndm Id mOt vi du didn hinh vd hieu flng hdi sinh rdt hie'm gdp d cdc lodi thu [3]. Vdi nhflng ddc didm nhu vdy, viec bao tdn lodi Laonastes aenigmamus cd y nghia rdt ldn khflng chi la bao tdn ban thdn loai thfl quy hidm huydn bf ndy md cOn Id bao tdn ca mdt hg thu cd (Diatomyidae) ciaa Trai ddt. Lodi Laonastes aenigmamus da dugc dua vdo Danh luc Dd cua lUCN (2011) d mflc EN (nguy cdp) dd bao tdn.
Su kha gio'ng nhau vd didu kien sinh canh nui da vdi noi phat hien loai thfl mdi Laonastes aenigmamus d KBT Hin Ndm Nd va khu vuc Phong Nha - Ke Bang khie'n cho mdt sd nha khoa hgc hy vgng rdng, loai thfl nay cung cd thd dang tdn tai d khu vuc Phong Nha - Ke Bang [8]
va khuydn cdo cdc nha khoa hgc tien hanh khao sdt xac dinh viing phdn bd cua loai nay d ddy dd tang cudng kha nang bao tdn cho loai. Trong dgt khao sat da dang sinh hgc cac loai thfl nho d khu vuc Phong Nha - Ke Bang thuOc du an
"Bao tdn vd quan ly bdn vflng ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien khu vuc Vudn Qud'c gia Phong Nha - Ke Bdng" - du dn phdi hgp gifla UBND tinh Quang Binh, Ngdn hang Tai thie't Dflc (KfW) va T6 chflc GIZ, do Td chflc Bao tdn DOng Thuc vdt Qudc te' (FFI) chu tri, chung tfli da thu duge m&u vdt cua loai thu la rdt gifl'ng vdi lodi Laonastes aenigmamus tai khu vuc quy hoach md rflng cua VQG Phong Nha - Ke Bang thudc S6 4 r
2012 L HUdNG Tdl KY NIEM 410 NAM QUANG BJNH HJNH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN (1604-2014)
NGHliNCCfU - T R A O C d l
xa Thuong H6a, huy6n Minh H6a, tinh Quing Blnh.
cac mSu niy d^u do d6ng bao Rue (mftt t6c ngudi ban dia d day) cung ca'p va ho gpi loai thd nay la "Knfi-cung". Niu cac mSu vat nay duoc xac dinh dting la loai Laonastes aenigmamus thi day se la phat hiSn dSu tiSn v^ loai thii nay 6 Viet Nam va VQG Phong Nha - Ki Bang tr&
thanh khu viic thu: hai trSn thi gidi c6 ghi nhan phan b6' ciia loai Laonastes aenigmamus sau KBT Hin Nam NO.
Tir li^u va phuong phdp nghidn curu vao diu thang 8/2011, trong qua trinh khdo sat tidn tram cho dot didu tra da dang sinh hoc thii nho tai xa Thupng H6a, huyfin Minh H6a, tinh Quang Blnh, chiing tdi da c6 dip phong vah ngucri dan dia phuong vi loai thii mdi Laonastes aenigmamus vi dupc thOng bao thinh thoang ngucri dan cung bay bat dupc loai thu gidng loai nay trong khu vuc rtoig niii da v6i ciia xa. Khi tidn hanh cac cuOc didu tra tai day vao thang 8 va thang 9/2011, chiing tdi dupc ngucri dan dia phucmg l^n lupt cung ca'p 4 mau vat thu la (Knd-cing) da chit do hp bay bat dupc. Ca 4 mau ddu bi bat bang bSy day thong long nSn hOp sp va CO thd c6n nguyfin ven, tuy nhien khi chung tOi nhan dupc thi c6 3 mSu da bi lot bo hdt nOi quan va uiSp tu lanh, chi mOt mhu con nguydn nOi quan. Cac mau vSt nay hi6n nay dang duoc luu trO tai Vidn Sinh thai va Tai nguyen Sinh vat v6i cac ma s6 sau:
1EBR/DVZ/PNKB19, PNKB20, PNKB21 vi PNKB58. cac mau vat nay dupc chiing tOi xii ly va phan tich: m6 ta hinh thai ngoai va la'y cac sfi do CO thd (dai than dau, dai duOi, dai ban chan sau va dai vanh tai ngoai), lot da dd xii ly hda chat bao quan lau dai. Lam sach xuong sp, mO ta hinh thai sp va lay cac sdi do sp theo phuong phap cua Lunde et al. (2001) va Jenkins etal (2005).
Giai phdu dd quan sat nfli quan cua mSu
nguydn ven, chi ydu la hd tidu h6a vi chit chlij trong da day dd phat hidn loai thiJc an thu si dung. So sanh cdc dac didm hhih thii ngoai vi hinh thai sp ciia cic mSu vat thu dupc vdi cSc dac didm cua loai chuOt da Lao (Laonasta aenigmamus) dupc mfl td trong Jenkins et al.
(2005) [6] dd dinh loai. Liy mSu phan tich ttinh tu DNA dd kidm tra dinh loai va phan tfeh di truydn quSn thd (kdt qua phan tich DNAse dupc cdng bd trong bao do khdc). Phong vSi ngu^ dia phuong da bdy bdt dupc loai thd la nay vd ddn quan sdt true tidp mOt sd noi d cHa chdng dd tim hidu vi dac didm sinh thdi cua loai.
Ke't qua nghidn curu Dac diem hinh thdi
Cdc dac didm hinh thdi ngodi vd sp cua 4 mdu vat ndi trdn ddu ed rit nhidu dac didm gidng vdi hinh thai cua lodi chudt dd Uo {Laonastes aenigmamus) thu dupc 6 Hin Nam Nd. (Hinh 2, Bang 1).
Cd thd khdi qudt cdc ddc didm ndy nhu san:
than cua loai thu nay tuong tu than cdc loai chudt ldn {Berylmys bowersi) nhung ldn hon nhidu. Dudi xil to kidu dudi sdc vd dai gdnb|ng niia chidu ddi thdn ddu. Ddu ddi, mom cd nhidu rdu ddi va ciing. Bd Idng trgn lung mau xdm den, mdm, xdp, cac Idng tru mdnh va cdng.
Mat bung xdm sdng phdt dnh bac vdi cac soi Idng xdm d gdc vd trdng due d ngpn. Vung du6i cdm vd vdng sinh mdn ed cdc Idng cdng ngan va thua. Vdnh tai mdu xdm tdi, trdn, cd trung binh, phli Idng ngdn vd rdm; vidn vdnh tai c6 nhidu Idng ddi. Dudi cd mau gidng lung, hoi nhat hon d mat dudi. Mat ngodi chdn trudc vi chdn sau ddu phii Idng rdm, trdm len mdt phdn vudt cde ngdn. Bdn chdn cd ddm ldn vd khdng phu Idng. Chdn trudc cd 4 ngdn ddi mang vudt;
ridng ngdn cdi rdt ngdn, khdng cd vudt. Chan sau ed 5 ngdn, ngdn cdi tuong ddi ngdn so vdi edc ngdn khae va cd vudt ngdn. So thon ddi
Ht/dNG Tfli K* NI^M 410 NAM QUANG BINH HlNH THANH VA P H A T TRIEN (1604-2014) T T I S f i i 201i
NGHIEN CUU - TRAO 0 0 1
Uung binh (Honh 3, Bang 2); xuong mom ddi vd ddy;
xuong mui dai, nhhi tfl tren xudng che khudt rdng cvta.
Xuong tnsdc hdm cd nhdnh tren manh chay dgc sudt chi^u dai xuong mui, ti€p xuc vdi xuong hdm uen vd nhdnh trudc cua xuong trdn.
Xuong trdn cd 2 ndt phdng d mfli ben.
Vung gian 6 mdt rOng eO gd trudc
keo dai v^ phfa sau tao thanh mdu sau 6 mdt nam phfa trSn xuong vay. Xuong dinh ngdn va rdng. Xuong vay tidp gidp nhi^u vdi phdn trudc cua bdu nhi. Xuong c h ^ ldn vfla phai cd gd gifla ndi rd. Mdu sau ch&n dai udn cong dm ldy bdu nhi nhung khdng dp sat vao bdu nhl.
Xuong tren chdm ti6^p xuc vdi xuong dinh va
ed m d u t r e n (eoronoid) vd cd mdu gdc (angle) nitm ngang. Mdi ben hdm cd mdt rdng trudc hdm vd 3 rdng hdm; rdng hdm ki^u bilophodont khep km vdi 2 gd ch6o. Mdi rang hdm dudi cd 3-4 chdn rdng. Cac sd do kfch thudc sg cua 4 mdu thfl la dugc ndu Photo: Nguyin Xuan Nghia trong Bang 1, ben Hinh2.Hiniith^ingoiiici^amauth0lathu6acdThangH6a canh Id cdc sd do
(MSs6:IEBRmVZPNKB20) ^ j ^ ,„y ,h„^, ^ lao (Laonastes aenigmamus) theo mO ta cua Jenkins et al. (2005). Nhm chung, cae sd do sg d^u ndm trong gidi han cua loai Laonastes aenigmamus. Cd mdt sd sai khae nhu: ddi ldi cdu chdm - chdn rang cfla (nhd hon), dai ham cflug (ldn hon), ddi day rang ham dudi sdt lgi (nho hon). Tuy nhien, do sd mdu cdn ft nen
Photo: Nguyen Xuan NghTa Hinh 3. So thu la thu d Thimg H6a (mau IEBR/DVZ/PNKB20)
xuong vay. Gd tren ch^m khflng ro, gd ndi chua th^ cd ke't ludn chdc chdn ve su sai khac e h ^ dinh ro. Mdu Uordc cua xuong tren ch^m nay.
vuon ddi v^ phfa dudi tdi bdu nhl. Bdu nhi hinh Tdm lai, eac dac di^m hanh thai ngodi cua cdu. Ld gian d mdt md rdng. Ham dudi khdng co th^ cung nhu hinh thai va cac sd do sg eua
2012 U^ HUdNG Tdi K* NIEM 410 NAM QUANG BJNH H I N H THANH VA PHAT TRIEN ( 1 6 0 4 - 2 0 1 4 ) ^ « ^
NGHIEN c i l u - TRAO B 6 |
Bdng 1. Cdc sd do co th^ vd sp tCr cdc mlu vat thii la d Vi#t Nam vd cua Laonastes aenigmamus d Ldo theo Jenkins et al, 2005
Kich thudc (mm) Gidi tinh Dii lh.1n - diiu Dill du6i Dili bdn chan sau Dili vinh tai ngoiii Khdi luong co thd (g) Dili chdm - mui Dill I6i cdu chdm - rang ciJa Dili xirong mui Dill khoang trdng rang Dai ham ciJng Dili 16 gian ham Dai day rang ham trgn sat loi Cao xuong mom Dai mom ROng gian 6 mat Rong cung go ma Rdng hop so nao Cao hdp so nao Dili xuong ham ditdi Dill day rang hdm dudi sat loi
Mdu thu la cua Vl^t Nam PNKB 19
Khdng ro
m.o
140,0 43,2 21,9 309,0 64,85 44,32 22,99 13,24 28,78 4,93 9,63 11,51 24,45 17,50 26,30 24,13 15,63 35,85 10,07
PNKB 20 Khdng ro 300,0
.
43,3 23,3 320,0 69,32 51,55 23,82 15,36 32,15 5,92 10,30 13,47 25,54 18,40 29.19 26,69 17,22 39,38 9.62
PNKB 21 Due 240,0 127,0 43,9 20,0 325,0 58,13 43,95 19,48 11,46 26,38 4,57 9,16 11,63 20.23 14.66 25.44 23.33 15.81 32.06 9,86
PNKB 58 Khdng ro
-
70,45 53,34 24,17 15,00 40,35 6,33 10.88 12.81 25.75 16,88 27,80 24.71 17,31 37,45 9,70
Jenkins et al 2005
-
212,5-284,6 122,8-161,4 37,3 - 44,0 21,0-25,8 334,0-414,0 60,99 - 70,77 53,3-61,85 21,9-26,06 12.45- 15,57 22.84 - 28,62
4,04-5,13 : 13.22-14,81 10.18- 12,26
14,64- 17,38 23,59 - 27,83 23,54 - 25,36 14,06 - 15,98 33,31 -39,55 11,62-13,12 cac mdu thu la thu dugc d Thugng Hoa v6 co
ban phu hgp vdi md ta cua loai Laonastes aenigmamus trong Jenkins et al (2005) 16]. Cd mdt sd dac diem sai khac vdi Laonastes aenigmamus, song cdn cd them mdu vdt de khdng djnh su khac biet nay. Vi vdy, chung tfli cho rdng cac mdu vdt nay thudc loai Laonastes aenigmamus.
De xud't ten ggi: Trong cac tai lieu hien nay, loai Laonastes aenigmamus thudng dugc ggi
la "Kha-nyou" theo ten dia phuong d Lao hay
"Chudt da Lao" theo tieng Anh (Laotian Rock Rat). Loai thu mdi dugc phat hien d Phong Nha Ke Bang dugc xac dinh la cung loai Laonastes aenigmamus. Loai nay cd tSn tieng Rue la "Kne-ciing", tuy nhien, ten nay kho goi, hon nfla ddy la mflt loai gam nhdm ddc hflu cho day Trudng Son, nen chflng tdi d^ nghi danh phap tie'ng Viet cho loai nay la "Chudt Tntdng Son", tie'ng Anh la'Annamite Rat'. V^ ten khoa
HUdNG Tdl KY NIEM 410 NAM QUANG BJNH HJNH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN (1604-2014) ^ j ^
' NGHtgNCCru - TRAO € 0 1
hgc, trong khi chd k^t qua phdn tfeh di truydn phdn tfl eua cdc mdu ndy, chung tdi cho rdng vdn sfl dung ten Laonastes aenigmamus.
Dgc diem sinh thdi
K€^t qua phdng vdn mdt sd ngudi ddn xa Thugng Hda da tflng bSy bdt dugc chudt Trudng Son vd true ti€^p deh quan sdt mdt sd noi lodi ndy sinh sdng cho thdy, chuflt Trudng Son thudng bi bdy bdt d cdc khu vuc chdn nui dd vfli cd nhi^u khdi dd ldn vd ca trong mdt sd hang nfli tren sudn dd'e cao noi cdc lodi linh trudng hay de'n Uu in. Chflng cung bi bdy bdt ea d
Hinh 4. Sinh c^nh c^a chudt Tn^g San d
nhflng khu rihig nguyen sinh va nhflng khu rihig gdn ban lang da bi tdc dflng khflng qua manh. Sinh canh cua loai chudt Trudng Son noi chflng tdi dS^n true tie'p quan sat la mdt rflng thudng xanh d thung lung Hang En. Ddy Id mflt thung lung hep dudi chdn eac nui da vdi thdp dang thdp (cao dudi 1.000m) each ban On khoang 6,5km theo dudng thang, bmh dfl dao dflng tfl 270 d^n 400m so vdi mat bi^n. Rflng d thung lung da bi khai thac chgn, tuy nhien vdn cOn kep tan vd cd cd'u true nhi^u tdng. Hang cua chudt Trudng Son Id mdt hdc da tu nhien d chdn
nui dd vdi. Hang ndm sdt mat ddt, mieng rdng khoang 3Ck;m, sdu khoang 50-60cm. Khu vuc trude cfla hang cd nhi^u dd tang ldn, nhd vd mdt con sudi nhd can nudc. Theo nghien cflu cua Jenkms et al (2005) [6], d KBT Hin Ndm Nd, chuflt Trudng Son cung thudng bi bSy bdt d cdc khu vuc chdn nfli dd vdi cd sfldn ddc (45- 65") va cd nhi^u dd tang kfch thudc khdc nhau tfl nhd tdi vai met. Tren sudn nui cd edc cdy gO thudng xanh vd cdy rung Id, thuc bi t ^ g mdt ddt thua thdt. dcdc vflng thdp gdn dO, rflng da hi phd d^ udng lua nudc.
Chudt Trudng Son hoat dOng v6 dem vd thflc an chu ye'u Id thuc vdt, chua bao gid quan sat dugc chflng hoat ddng ban ngdy va Uong chdt chfla da day cua loai nay chfl y^u la cac manh vun thuc vdt va mdt it manh vun cdn trung.
Trong chdt chfla da day cua mdu chudt Trudng Son thu dugc d Thugng Hda eung cO nhi^u manh Photo: Nguyin Xuan Dang vun la cdy. Cdc ddc di^m
Thimg Hda hinh thai rang hdm, kich thudc da day, rudt thfla vd rudt tit ldn cflng chiing td thuc vdt la thflc an chinh cua chung. Theo thdng tin cua ngudi ddn d Lao, thu cdi cua loai nay thudng chi mang thai mOt con duy nhdt [6].
Su cdn thiit nghien ciiu vd bdo t6n chudt Trudng Seen
Viec phdt hien lodi "chuflt da Lao" d Hin Ndm Nfl hay "chuflt Trudng Son" d Phong Nha - Ke Bang cO y nghia rdt ldn, gdp phdn khdng dinh gid Iri da dang sinh hgc dOc dao cua vung sinh thai toan cdu day Trudng Son (Great Aamamite Global 200 Ecoregion), ddng thdi
~ ~ ( 7 HUdNG Tdl KY NIEM 410 NAM QUANG BINH HJNH THANH VA PHAT TRtEN (1604 - 2 0 1 4 ) ^ ^
NGHIEN CCrU - TRAO 0 0 1
m6 thSm co h6i bdo tdn m6t dai didn stfng duy nhdt c i a m6t ho thu c6 (Diatomyidae) da bj tuydt chung cdch ddy 11 tridu ndm. Cdc nhd khoa hoc trdn th^ gidi cho rdng, vide bdo t6n Laonestes, mdt dai didn sdng sdt duy nhdt ciia mdt ho gdm nhdm vdi hinh thdi rdt khdc bidt vd cd ngudn gdc tiin hda sdu sdc & chdu A cSn phai dugc iru tidn cao nhdt. Vi n^u duoc bdo vd, thi cdc lodi ddng vdt ndy cd th^ cung cdp nhQng thdng tin/tu lidu vd gid lidn quan din su hinh
Ddi vdi qudn th^ chudt Trudng Son cl khu vtt VQG Phong Nha - Ke Bdng cdn tidn hdnh gS(
m d t s d h o a t d d n g s a u : -^
- Nghidn ciiu bd sung lodi chudt Trudng Si|
vdo Sdch Dd Vidt Nam vd Danh sdch cdc lo^
thu nguy cdp, qu^ hi^m cdn dugc ini tidn bao \t ctia Qudc gia.
Lodi ndy da dugc ghi trong Danh luc Do l U C N ( 2 0 1 1 ) d b d c E N .
- Cdc nhd khoa hpc cdn tidn hdnh di^u tra khao sdt xac dinh khu vuc phdn bd cua chi^
Trudng Son b Phong Nha - Ke Bdng vd noi khdc cd ciing ki^u sinji cdnh; tim hi^u cdc yfin cdu vi sinh cdnh, ddc tinh hoat ddng, ki^m dn vd sinh san ciia loai ndy trong tu nhidn d^
xdy dung cdc bi6n phdp bdo tdn phil hop.
- Ban qudn ly VQG Phong Nha - Kc Bang cdn tuydn truy6n van ddng ngudi ddn dia phuong khdng sdn hk Photo: Nguyen Xuan Dang ^ ^ ^ j j Trudng Son, Hinh S.^Sinh canh hang chudt Tnteing Son d Thupng H6a khdng dat bdy d n ^ noi chudt Trudng Son sinh sdng, khdng din dudng hodc giiip dd nhihig ngudi tii noi khac ddn bdy bdt hodc thu mua chudt Trudng Son khi khdng cd su cho phdp ciia co quan quan 1^
chiic ndng.
- Ban qudn ly VQG Phong Nha - Ke Bang cdn thao ludn vdi chfnh quy^n dia phudng cac xa Thugng Hda, Hda Sgn vd nhdn ddn cdc thdn, ban trong xa d^ xdy dung quy chd' vd cam kS bao vd chudt Trudng Son vd sinh canh ciia nd, kem theo cdc hoat ddng hd trg phdt tridn cdng (TrSi: Hang chuOl Tnrtng Son, sSt gSc cSy dd; Phdi: sinh cdnh tmDc ciia hang)
thanh tfnh da dang sinh hoc hidn nay vd trong qud khii [3], Mdc dii lodi chudt Trudng Son hidn dang sinh sdng ngay trong vilng phdn bd tu nhidn cOa td tidn nd, nhung dien tfeh vung phdn bd hidn nay ciia nd rdt ban chd', khdng qud SOO.OOOha, thudc KBT Hin Ndm Nd vd VQG Phong Nha - Ke Bdng. Tai ca 2 khu vuc nay, chiing din dang chiu dp luc manh ciia vide bdy bdt di ldm thuc phdm, su qudy nhidu vd suy thodi sinh cdnh do su khai thdc Idm san vd pha rimg lam nuong rdy cua ngudi ddn dia phuong.
^ < ( HUdNG Tdl KY NIEM 410 NAM QUANG BlNH HlNH THANH VA PHAT T R I I N (1604-2014) ^ 1 ^
NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO 0 0 1
d6ng ndng cao ddi sdng. Ddc biet, giup dd edc gia dinh ddn tfle Rue d Thugng Hda, hien nay sdng nhd vdo sdn bdt ddng vdt hoang da phdt tri^n chan nudi gia siic, tao ngudn thuc p h ^ thay th^va ndng eao ddi sdng de khuye'n khich hg khdng sdn bdt ddng vdt rimg, khdng chdt pharCmgniia.
Ban quan ly VQG Phong Nha - Ke Bdng cdn xdy dung vd thuc hien ehuong trinh gidm sdt tinh trang sdn bdt dOng vdt hoang da, ddc biet Id tinh trang bdy bdt cdc lodi thii nhd d xa Thugng Hda d^ ngdn ngCra viec tie'p tuc bdy bdt chudt Trudng Son vd cdc loai thii khac; thudng xuyen tudn tra rijmg d^ phdt hien vd pha hiay cae ludng bdy cai ddt trong ritng; x\x phat nghiem nhOng ngudi vi pham.
Ketlu^n
Nghien ciha nay da b6 sung cho danh luc thu Viet Nam them mflt loai mdi - chuflt Trudng Son (Laonastes aenigmamus), ddng thdi, cung bd sung cho Danh lue them mflt gidng va mdt hg mdi: gid'ng chudt Trudng Son (Laonestes) va hg chuflt Trudng Son (Diatomyidae). Viec phdt hien loai chuflt Trudng Son - dai dien sdng
duy nhdt cua hg thii c6 Diatomyidae dugc xem Id da tuyet chung each ddy 11 trieu nam d Phong Nha - Ke Bdng Id mdt trong cdc ghi nhdn quan trgng v^ da dang sinh hgc cua VQG vd cho the'gidi. Ghi nhdn khdng dinh nhdm ddng vdt ndy khflng chi sinh sdng gidi han dLdo ma cdn cdd Viet Nam.
V^ phuong dien bao tdn, viec phat hiSn qudn thd chuflt Trudng Son d VQG Phong Nha - Ke Bdng da md ra mflt co hdi mdi eho nfl luc bao tOn loai thii huy^n bi ndy. Ca d KBT Hin Ndm Nfl (Lao) va VQG Phong Nha - Ke Bang (Viet Nam), cac qudn th^ chudt Trudng Son d^u dang chiu ap luc de dga cao do tinh Uang sdn bdn, bdy bdt dflng vdt hoang da, qudy nhieu va ldm suy thoai sinh canh. Cac hoat dflng nghien cihi phuc vu bao tdn va cac hoat dgng bao tdn cdn dugc tridn khai tfeh cue de bao tdn loai thu dac biet nay.
Cdn tie'n hanh cac nghien cuu tidp di khing dinh vi tri phdn loai cua chuOt ldn Trudng San va lam rd cac dac diem sinh hgc, sinh thai cua no phuc vu cflng tac bao tOn lodi.
Tai li^u tham khao:
Averianov A. O , Abramov A. V., Tikhonov A. N., 2000, Anew species of Nesolagus {Lagomorpha, Leporidae) from Vietnarn with osteological descnption contribution from the zoological institute, S.T. Peteriburg, 6-12 Baltzer, M. C , Nguyen Thi Dao, and Shore, R. (Eds.) 2001. Towards a vision for biodiversity conservation in the forests of the Lower Mekong Ecoregion Complex. WWF Indochina/WWF US, Hanoi and Washington, 109 pp.
Dawson, M. R., L. Marivaux, Chuan-kui Li, K. C , Beard, Gregoire Me tais 2006. Laonastes and the "Lazarus effect" in Recent mammals. Science311:1456-I458
D6 Tuac, Vii Van Dung, S. Dawson, RArctander, J. Mackinnon, 1994. Vd m^t loki mang I6a m6i phdt hien 6
\^i6t Nam Thong tin khoa hgc k? thu^t dieu tra rimg/chuyfin de nhan ngay moi tni6ng th^ gidi 5/6, Vien DfQHR,12tr.
Giao R M., D. 1\ioc, Y. V. Dung, E. D. Wikramanayake, G. Amato, P. Arctander, and J. R. MacKinnon, 1998:
Description of Muntiacus truongsonensis, a new species of muntjak (Artiodactyla: Muntiacidae) from Central Vietnam and implications for conservation. Animal Conservation (1998) 1, 61- 68. The Zoolog. Society of London.
Jenkins, P.D., C. W., Kilpatrick, M. R, Robinson, R. J., Timmins 2005. Morphological and molecular investigations of a new family, genus and species of rodent (Mammalia: Rodeniia: Hystricognatha) from Lao PDR. Systematics and Biodiversity 2 (4): 419-454
Lunde D. P. andN. T. Son. 2001. An Indentification Guide to the Rodent of Vietnam. American Museum of Natural History, New York, 80pp.
So4f]f
2 0 1 2 LKb HUdNG Tdl KY MEM 410 NAM Q U A N G BINH H I N H THANH VA PHAT TRIEN (1604-2014)
NGHIEN Cl/U - TRAO DOI
8. Musser, Smith, Robinson & Lunde 2005. Description of a New Genus and Species of Rodent (Munnae, Muridae, Rodcntia) from the Khammouan Limestone National Biodiversity Conservation Area in Lao PDR.
Novitates. AMNH, 3497.3 Ip.
T. Surridge.A.K.. Timmins, R.I., Hewitt. G.M., and Bcll.D.J., 1999. Sfripedrabiits in Southeast Asia. Nature. 400, «
726. ^ 10. TiMmmins, R.J. & Duckworth. J.W. 2008. Muntiacus puhoatensis. In: lUCN 2011. lUCN Red List of
Threatened Species. Version 2011.1.
11. The cGraw-Hill Companies, 2007. Laonastes rodent and the Lazarus effect. 1-3
12. Vu Van Dung, Pham Mong Giao, Nguyen Ngoc Chinh, Do Tuoc, Arctander,, 1993. A n e w specieg of living bovid fixjm Vietnam. Nature 363:443-444.
CHUOT DA LAO.
• (TiSp theo trang 47) tich khdng qud 500.000ha, thuflc Khu bao tdn Da dang smh hgc QuO'c gia Hin Ndm Nfl vd Vudn Qudc gia Phong Nha - Ke Bdng).Hien nay, tuy trong Sdch Dd Viet Nam chua cdp nhdt tinh trang cua lodi chudt dd Ldo (Laonastes aenigmamus), nhung lodi chudt dd Lao (Laonastes aenigmamus) da cd ten trong Danh luc do cua lUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) ttt ndm 2011.
Trong luc cdc nha khoa hgc dang tifi^p tuc nghien ciJu v^ dde tinh sinh vdt hgc, dac di^m sinh thai vd dien phdn bd, hifin trang, tinh chdt ddc hau vd dang chd qud trinh di^u chinh bd sung Sach Dd Viet Nam tren cO sd cflng bd vd d^ xudt chmh thiic ciia cde tdc gia va sau khi tham khao y ki^n cua cac nhd khoa hgc, thie't
nghi cdc co quan chd:c ndng cd lien quan trong pham vi chiic ndng, nhiem vu, quy^n han cua minh cd trdch nhiem d^ xud't vd td chdc thuc hien cdc giai phdp hOu hieu nhdm bdo ve, bao tdn lodi chudt da Ldo (Kne-cung, Ninh Om^
tren dia ban xa Thugng Hda, huyen Mmh H6a va dia phdn ^ u a n X-y thudc quy^n ciia Vu6n Qudc gia Phong Nha - Ke Bang. Ddng thdi c6 trdch nhiem phdi hgp vdi cac td chiic khoa hoc trong vd ngoai nudc (n^u cd) tifip tuc nghito cihi v^ ddc tinh sinh vdt hgc, ddc di^m sinh thii va dien phdn bd, hien trang, tinh chdt ddc hSu eua lodi chuflt da Lao (Kne-cung, Ninh Cung), ddc biet Id "Hieu ling hdi sinh" sau 11 hiftu ndm tuyet chung.
N.DX Tdi li^u tham khan:
1. Mary R. Dawson et. al, "Laonastes and the "Lazams Efect" m Recent Mammals'.
magazine, 10 March 2006. (Lodi chugt da Ldo vd "Hi$u ung hoi sinh " dDgng vgtco vu).
2. PGS-TS. Nguyen Xuan D§ng va nnk, "Phdt hi$n Lodi g ^ nhdm "Hda th^ch sflng" (Laonastes aenigmamus) d Phong Nha - Ke Bdng, Vi?t Nam", Tgp chi Sinh hgc so 1/2012.
3. Cactrang website tham khdo:
http ://animal .discovery, com).
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/species-of-theday/biodiversity/endangered- species/laonastes-aenigmamus/index.htail
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/311/5766/1456.abstract http://creation.com/the-lazams-effect-rodent-resurrection
HUdNG Tdl KY NigM 410 NAM QUANG BINH H I N H T H A N H VA P H A T T R I ^ N (1604-2014) 2012
