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ITHUCTIEN-KINHNGHIIMDANG BOTJNH HAI Dl/ONG LANH DiDiO PHAT TRIEN CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP (2000 - 2015)
ThS NGUYEN DU"C H U N G Hgc vien Chinh tri - Bd Qudc phdng
Trong nhdng nam doi mdi, cac khu cong nghiep (CKCN) cda Hai DiTtfng phat tnen nhanh cd ve so lUtfng, quy mo va hieu qud kinh te-xa hoi, difa Hdi Dtfong trd thanh mot "diem sang" trong phat trien khu cong nghiep. Dai hoi Dang bo tinh Hai Ddtfng lan thd XIII (2000) xac dinh phat trien CKCN la gidi phap quan trpng trong thdc hien CNH, HDH; "Khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep dau tU de hinh thanh cac khu, cum cong nghiep theo quy hoach da dUOc phe duyet'".
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. Hai Duong budc vao diy manh CNH, Iffi)H, phat tiiln CKCN tii nin tang mOt ndn kinh t l ndng n g h i ^ Id ehu yai, d l d ^ ftng ydu cau tinh hinh mdi. Dang bd tinh Hai Duong chu tiirong da dang hda ngudn va hinh tinic h i ^ dgng vdn dl xdy dyng ha ting CKCN. Dd an 'tXdy dyng CO sd ha tdng cdc khu cdng nghiep tinh giai doan 2001-2005" (2001)nhdn manh: " t ^ tiung mgi ngudn tyc vd keu ^ i ddu tu de tiiyc hien mpt sd khu c ^ g ngjiiep iheo hinh fliftc tinh xdy dyng quy ho^eh dii tilt, nhd ddu tu vd doanh nghiep dau til xdy dung ha tdng, hinh thdnh Idiu cdng n g h i ^ hoan chinh"^.De hien tiiyc hda mue tieu trd flianh mdt tmh cdng nghiep vao ndm 2015, Dai hdi Ddng bd tinh Hdi Duong lin tiift XIV (2005) xac djnh he tiidng cac bien p h ^ , trong dd phat triin CKCN Id mpt bien p h ^ cd y nghia dot pha. Dai hgi nhin m^nh:
"Quy hoach tiiem cdc khu cdng nghiep: Pha Lai, Cdng Hda-huyen Chi Linh, Nhi Chilu-huyen Kinh Mdn va tiing budc xdy dyng hodn ehinh dd din nam 2010 cd 10 khu cdng nghiep"^. Nghi quylt Dai hpi Ddng bp tinh ldn tiift XTV chu tiirong tiiyc hien ed hieu qua eac chinh sdch uu dai, fliu hiit diu tu, nhdt la ddu tu nudc ngodi, tang cudng nang luc san
xuit, ^ i mdi cdng nghe flieo hudng hien dai cua CKCN. Mue tieu d l ra tixjng 5 ndm (2005-2010) Id tiiu hiit 600 tiieu USD VOQ nudc ngoai ddu tii vao CKCN, sd vdn diu tii Ihyc hien cua cdc dy an tai dia bdn ca cu va mdi khoang 5.000 ty ddng. Nang cao trinh dp cdng nghd vd hieu (pd sdn xuit-kinh doanh ciia cdc CO sd trong CKCN.
Chuong tiinh phdt trien cdng nghi?p nhanh va bin vung, nang cao sue qmh tranh, dap ung yeu ciu hdi nhap gjai itoan 2006-2010 ciia Tinh uy Hai Ducmg xdc dinh: "tiiu hut mgnh cdc co sd sdn xuit cdng n ^ g i vao cae Idiu cdng n ^ e p , den ndm 2010, gia tii san xuit edng n ^ e p cdc khu cdng n g h i ^ dat 12.500 ty ddng, ehilm 43,2% gid tii san xuit cdng nghig) toan tinh. Phin diu din nam 2010, hiu hit cdc doanh nghipp san xuit cong ngJiiep cd cdng nghe eao nim tiong cdc khu cdng nghiep"*.
Dai hdi Dang bp tinh lin fliu XV (2010) dl ra chu tnrong phat tiien cdng nghiep theo hudng hien dai, b&i viing. Theo dd, chu tiirong xdy dung CKCN cd sy phdt tiiln todn dien tiieo hudng nang eao hieu qud sft dyng va t / le 1 ^ ddy CKOJ; phat trien khu cdng nghifp cdng nghe cao gin vdi bdo ve mdi ttudng vd bdo dam an sinh xd hdi. Dai hdi
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TAP CHlUCH SUf SANG 4-2016
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chi ro: 'Thyc hien ea chl uu M, Miuydn khich ddu tir xay dung ehung cu, ddm bdo nhd d cho edng nhdn vdphdt trien eac dich vu cdng cpng d cdc khu cdng nghidp ^ ttimg"^
Thyc hidn chu tiuong cua Dang bd tinh tii nam 2000 din nam 2015, nhiSm vu phat tiiln CKCN dupc cac cap iiy dang, chinh quyen trien khai ti'ch eye. Nam 2001, UBND tinh xdy dyng D I an "Xay dyng CO sd ha tdng cdc khu cdng nghiep tinh giai doan 2001-2005". Ban qudn 1^ CKCN dupc flianh l$p, ddng vai ttd fliam muu cho Tinh uy, UBND lap quy hoach, trinh Chinh phu va cdc bg, nganh Trung uong cho phep Hdi Duong tilp tiic phdt tiiln bd sung CKCN. Ndm 2002, Chinh phu ddng y bd sung 4 khu cdng nghipp eua Hdi Duong vao quy hoaeh tdng thi CKCN cd nudc (Khu Cdng nghiep Dai An, Phuc Diin, Phii Thai va Vidt Hda).
Ngdy 17-8-2006, UBND tinh ra Quylt dinh sd 2827/2006/QD-UBND "Vd viee phe duyet Ke hoach phdt trien kinh te-xa hdi 5 nam 2006- 2010 tinh Hdi Duong", tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho eac doanh n g h i ^ tidp cdn va thyc hidn ddu tir, ndng cao cdng tdc quy hoach tdng flie CKCN cua Tinh uy. UBND tinh xac dinh tiep tue ddu tir hoan thien co sd ha tdng 4 khu cong nghiep hien cd vd quy hoach, trinh Chinh phu phg duyet tiianh lap 7 khu cdng nghiep mdi. Du dn "Quy hoach phdt triin cdc khu cdng nghiep tten dia ban tinh Hdi Duong din nam 2015 vd dinh hudng din nam 2020" cua UBND tinh tilp tuc xdc dinh myc tieu, giai phdp phdt tiien CKCN. Tinh uy, UBND tinh ehu trgng chi dao xdy dyng mdi tiudng diu tu vd cdng tdc xuc tien, van ddng thu hiit diu tu vao CKCN, ttong do tap trung thyc hien nghiem tiie C^iylt dinh sd 3149/2002/C^- UB, ngdy 17-7-2002, cua UBND quy dinh vd uu dai, khuyin khich ddu tir vdo CKCN. Tmh uy, UBND lanh dao va tiiye hien nghiem tiie ede van ban qudn ly nhd nudc ddi vdi CKCN: Quy chd
phdi hpp gifta Ban Qudn ly CKCN vdi cdc cap, cdc ngdnh trong viec quan ly CKCN theo Quylt dinh sd 4173/2003/QD-LIB; Quy dinh v l qudn ly boat ddng diu tu tryc tilp nudc ngoai ttong khu cdng nghiep theo Quylt dinh sd 4668/2004/
QD-UBND,...
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. C^id trinh phdt tridn CKCN d Hai Duong (2000-2015) da dat dupe nhftng kit qua quan ttgng:Cdng tdc quy hogch, xdy dung hg tdng Id thdnh tuu ndi bdt trongphdt trien CKCN trong cdng cugc ddi mdi. Thdi Iq' diu tai lap, phat trien CKCN mdi diing laid khau quy hoaeh. Sau 15 nam tiien khai, quy hoach, xdy dyng ha tdng CKCN d Hai Duong cd sy phdt ttian mgnh me. Tinh den ngay 31-12- 2015, Hai Duong da hoan thanh quy hoach va phdt tiien 18 khu cdng n ^ e p vdi tdng dim tich 4.748,67ha, tixing dd cd 10 khu cdng nghiep da di vdo boat ddng, thu hut nhidu dy an ddu tu cd quy md kha. Ty Id ldp ddy ttong CKCN Idid cao, binh quan dat 60%, trong dd cd nhidu ldm dat ty 1§
1%) diy 100% (Khu Cdng nghidp Nam Sdch, Phuc Dien, Tan Trudng). Kdt edu ha ting kinh te-ky tiiudt CKCN dupc tfiilt 1^ xdy dung khd quy md, ^ n g bp va hodn chinh bao gdm he tiidng gjao tiidng ndi bp, he flidng diu mdi giao tiidng gjua khu edng nghi^
vdi cdc tuydn qudc Id, hd tiidng tiidng tin lidn lac, he thdng e ^ didn, nudc... Dac biet, tinh Hai Duong dp dung nhidu chinh sdch uu dai nhdm khuyen khich tim hut diu tir vao CKCN (flieo Quydt # i h 3149/
C ^ U B , ngay 17-7-2002, eua UBND). Chinh vi vay, Hai Duong trd tiianh mdi tiirdng Wid ly tuong, cd sftc tiiu hiit manh cac nha diu tu tiong va ngoai nudc. D&i nam 2015, tinh qity hoach dugc mdt sd khu cdng nghiep ve khu vuc ndng thdn, nhirng dia ban xa tiimg ^ m (Khu Cdng nghi^ Tiianh HS, Kinh Mdn); tao ty le kha can ddi tixmg phat tiien eo edu vimg lanh thd, ^ n g thdi tao dieu kien tiiuan loi cho
THUCTIIN-KINHNGHIIM
mdi vung khai tiiac dugc cac the manh ve dit dai, lao ddng.
Kit qud thu fait ddu tu, hieu qud sdn xudt- kinh doanh tgi CKCN cd nhieu chuyen bien tich cue.
Thu hut ddu tu vdo CKCN ngay cdng tang cd ve sd lupng dy an vd q i ^ md vdn. Trong gi^ doan Sm (1999), cdc dy an cd quy md vdn tft I tiieu USD din dudi 10 tiieu USD ehilm ty le ldn 86%. Ddn cudi nam 2015, trong CKCN cua Hdi Duong cd 208 dy an vdi 3.911 tiieu USD da dupc c ^ giiy chftng nhan dang ky diu tu (tijong do cd 159 du an ddu tu true tiep nudc ngodi, vrai d ^ tu dang ky 3.372 tiieu USD). Nam 2015, vdn ddu tti tiiyc hien ciia cac dy dn trong CKCN (fet 230 trieu USD, 1 ^ kd vdn diu tu tiiyc hien den nay dat tren 2,3 ^ USD. Da ed 157 dy dn di vao boat ddng vdi sdn phdm ehu yeu: dien, dien tii, ddt may vd co khi. Cac doanh nghiep trong CKCN cd mftc tang trudng dn dinh. Ket qua san xuat-kinh doanh tiiyc hien nam 2015 dat 2,9 ty USD, tdng 2% so vdi nam 2014 (2,85 ty USD); ndp ngan sdch nha nudc 55 trieu USD, tang 2% so vdi ndm 2014 (52,2 tiieu USD).
Hogt ddng cua CKCN la yeu td quan trgng quyet dinh su phdt trien nhanh cua ngdnh cdng nghiep vd qud trinh ektyen dich ca cdu Mnh ti, ca cdu lao dgng theo hudng tich cue. Trong 5 nam (2010-2015), gia tri san xudt cdng nghiep tinh Hai Duong tdng eao, binh qudn dat 10,2%^. Quy md nganh cdng nghiep nam 2015 cao g ^ 2,3 lin nam 2010. Sy hmh tiianh vdphdt tiidn CKCN gdp phdn fliuc ddy eo cdu kinh ^ x a hdi chuydn dich thw hudng tich cue. Ty trong eac nganh cdng n ^ e p , xdy dyng vd dich vy ttong CO cdu GDP tang tii 43,6% (nam 2005) len 45,4% (ndm 2010) vd 52,3
% (nam 2015). Co edu lao ^ n g chuydn dich tuong ftng Id 15,9% (nam 2005) len 27,3% (ndm 2010) va35,0% (ndm 2015). Phdt tiiln CKCN Id mdt gidi phdp huu hieu tao su dot pha tixmg phat ttiln kinh tl-xa hdi vd qua tiinh CNH, HDH cua tinh.
CKCN hogt ddng tgo nhieu Wpc ldm vd ndng cao chat lugng lao ^ng. Tinh den ngdy 31-12- 2015, ede doanh n g h i ^ ttong CKCN tao vi$e lam va thu nhl^ thudng xuyen eho hon 75.000 lao ddng. Nhieu lao ddng dia phirong trd flidnh can bg qudn ly gidi, cdng nhdn 1^ thuat trinh do cao, tk: phong cdng nghiep hien dai, ky ludt lao ddng tet vd hpc hdi dupc cdc phuong thuc, kinh nghiem quan ly tien tien. Ben canh dd, hogt dpng cua CKCK cung gidn tilp tao ra khdi lupng ldn viec Iam eho ngudi lao ddng tai dia phuong tiidng qua ede ngdnh gja cdng, phu tipr, dich vy..., gdp phin tang fliu nhap cho ngudi lao ddng.
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. Qua tiinh phat trien CKCN Hdi Duong de lai nhieu kinh nghiem cd gja tri.Mgt Id, tuyen tuyen, ndng cao nhgn thuc ve vi tri, vai trd cua Idru cdng nghidp ddi vdi s^phdt trien kinh te-xd hdi dia phuang. Xdy dyng vd phat tiiln CKCN Id mot chii tiirong ldn cua Dang, Nha nudc, vi vdy, can sft dung ed hieu qud eac phuong tien tiuyen tiidng hien dai ttong thdng tin, tuy&i tmyen, tao sy chuyen bien sdu sdc vd nhan fliftc vd sy ddng fliuan tixmg xa hdi de phat tiien CKCN.
Tap tiimg nang eao nhan fliftc tijan dien cho dpi ngy can bd chu ehdt, can b^ co sd.
Hai Id, tich cue nay dung mdi trucmg Mu tu thudn lgi, chu dgng ddi mdi ndng cao chat lugng cdng tdc xiic tien, van dgng, thu hut ddu tu vdo CKCN Ddy manh nghien cftu de xudt cdc co chl, chmh sdch, hinh thftc flnic diy, hd ttp, tiiu hut cdc du an ddu tu cd chit lupng cao, dam bdo phdt trien cac nganh vd Enh vuc uu tien. Cd eo che, ehinh sdch uu dai du ldn vd h ^ ddn ddi vdi cdc dy dn ldn tixmg nhftng nganh n ^ e , Boh vyc uu tien tiiu hiit ddu til cua tinL Ddi mdi manh me ndi dung, phirong phap van ddng, xiic tien diu tu theo tiing Biih vyc, dja ban vd ddi tdc cu flie. Thudng xuydn ra soat, dieu ehinh chmh sdch thu hiit diu tir, fliyc h i ^ tdt cdng
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TAP CHi LICH SOTOANG 4-2016
tac xuc tien ddu tu tai chd thdng qua vide ddng hanh ciing doanh nghiep. Dinh ky td chftc ^ gd, ddi tiioai gjua lanh dao tinh, cdc co quan qudn ly nha nudc vdi dai dien eac doanh nghiep, cdc nha ddu til, cdc hiep hpi doanh n ^ d p . Chu ddng khdc phuc nhung ban che, yeu kem cua mdi trudng ddu tu...
Ba Id. chu trgng tdng cudng hieu luc, hieu qud qudn ly nhd nudc tmng phdt trien CKCN. Thudng x i ^ bd sung, hodn tiiien, ra soa^ xay dimg he tiidng vanbanph^ luat, cde quy ^nhve qudn lyCKCNbao dam x% dyng mgt hdnh lang p h ^ h^ fliuan loi dephdt trim va quan ly diat che CKCN, bao dam sy flidng nhit gnia ttidn fliu p h ^ ludt va phu hpp vdi dac diem dia phuong. Phat buy vai tit) cua ^ i ngu can bd, cdc CO quan chftc iMig nhdt la Ban Quan ly CKCN tixmg thuc hipn quan ly nha nudc. Tinh i^, UBND thyc Men t& vai trd trong cdng tdc quy hoach, xdy dyng ehien hroc, dl an, kl hoach phat trien khu cdng nghi^. C%
ijy dang, chmh qayen cac c ^ tiien khai tiiuc hien kd hoach vd chiu tidch nhiem ttudc UBND tinh ve boat
^ing oia khu cdng n ^ % i tidn (Sa baiL Cde co quan chftc nang thyc hi$n tet vai tid tiiam muu, hudng din, tiiam gia quan ly CKCN. Tang cudng cdng tac tiianh tia, kiem tia boat ddng CKCN.
Bdn Id, gidi quyet hdi hda lgi ich cua Nhd nudc, doanh nghiep vd n^wi lao ddng. Vdn d l cd tinh n g i ^ tdc ttong phat tiiln CKCK la phdi tdn tipng lgi ich eiia ddn tidn co sd bdo dam hdi hoa cac loi ich; mpi boat ddng ddu tu phai mang lai Ipi ich xa , hdi ldn hon tdng ehi phi ma xa h^i bd ra vd Ididng gay ra thiSt hai cho bdt eft chu the nao tixing cpng ddng. Cde chu diu tu ludn mong mudn ddu tii d nhung mdi trudng tiiudn lgi, dieu kien tii nhien cd nhidu uu ^ , luc lupng lao ddng ddi ddo, kit cdu ha ting kinh tl-ky fliuat ddng bd, mdi tiudng p h ^ ly flidng tiioang, chinh tti-xa hdi dn dinh, qudc phdng, an ninh bdo dam. Ddi vdi Nha nudc, loi ich tiung phdt triin CKCN Id teng hpp hiSu qud kinh tl-xa hdi, la sy kit hpp chat che loi ieh ve kinh tl, chinh
tii, van hod, xd hdi, qudc phdng, an ninh. Van de quan tixmg ma ngudi lao ddng quan tdm la vdn de viec ldm, fliu nhap va ddi sdng. Ldy teng hpp hidu qua kinh ^ , xa hdi va tai chinh lam tieu chudn lya chgn dy an ddu tu, ddng tiidi dam bdo yeu cdu chmh dang eua doanh nghiep, bao dam lgi ich hai hda
Ndm Id, ket hgp chat che giiki phdt triin CKCN vdi tdng cudng, cung cd qudc phdng, an ninh. Ket hpp chat che viec quy hoach, phat ttien CKCN vdi quy hoach xdy dung khu vuc phdng thii ttdn dia bdn. De cao trach nhiem va phdt huy tdt vai tix) tham muu cua Bd Tu ldnh C^idn khu 3 va Bp Chi huy qudn sy tinh trong tiidm dinh va phdt tiien khu cdng nghiep nhit la nhiing dia ban chien lupc ve qudc phdng, an ninh. Chii ddng xay dung cdc phuong an san sang chien diu, bao dam an ninh qudc gia, gift ^ trat til an toan xa hdi tren dja ban CKCN. Thuc hien nghiem tiic cdc de dn bao dam qudc phdng, an ninh vd ndng cao ehdt lugng lyc Iugng GI ve tix)ng CKCN. Triin khai cd hieu qua Chuong trinh qude gja phdng ehdng tgi pham va te nan xd hdi, bao dam an ninh chmh tii, tidt tiJ an toan xa hdi ti^ dia ban CKCN.
1. Vdn ki^n Dgi hgi dgi bieu Ddng bp tinh Hdi Duong ldn thu XIII, tr. 50
2. Ban Ch^ hanh Dang bp tinh Hai Duong: Cac Chuong trinh, Dl dn thac hien Nghi quylt D^i hpi Dang bp tinh Hai Duong lin thii Xm, T. 1, tt. 303
3. Vdn ki0j Dgi hgi dgi bieu Dmgbg tinh Ha LHofng ldn
&iuXlV,tr.53
4. Ban Ch^ hanh Dang bp tinh Hai Duong: Cac chuong Irinh, dl an thuc hien Nghi quylt Dang bp tinh Hai Duong lin fliu XIV, tt. 73
5. Vdn kiin Dgi hgi dgi bieu Ddng bQ tinh Hdi Duang lan thu XV, tr. 59
6. Xem Tinh iiy Hai Duong: Bdo cao Chinh tri trinh Dai hpi dai bieu Dang bo tinh lan thii XVI, tr. 5.
