Kinh nghiem phat trien thanh pho thong minh
TRAN THI MAI THANH
6 hinh thdnh pho'thdng minh dang diicfc rdt nhieu thdnh pho'tren the gidi theo dudi trong thdi gian gdn ddy, trong do c6 Xd-un vd Dubai. Bdi viet nhan manh hai khia canh: chdc ndng vd cdu trdc diia tren cd sd ha tdng Id cong nghe thong tin vd truyen thong acT).
Tit yjioaOiinh nghiem phdt trien, thdnh pho'thong minh, Xd-un, Dubai.
1. Khai n i e m c h u n g v e t h a n h p h o t h o n g m i n h
Theo ITU (2013), mgt thfinh p h d thdng minh cd the dfldc dinh nghia cu t h e nhfl
"mdt t h a n h phd' cd chie'n Ifldc tdi Uu hda nhieu n h a n td' thdng minh n h u cdng nghe thdng tin va truyen thdng de gia tfing sU phat trien ben vflng cua t h a n h pho' va t a n g cfldng cfic chflc nfing cua t h a n h pho, trcng khi dam bao sfl h a n h phuc va sflc khoe cua cac cdng dan."
Theo dinh nghia tren, t h a n h p h d thdng minh cd nhflng dac t i n h sau:
Cdng nghe thdng tin va truye'n thdng la cd sd ha t a n g can b a n cua mgt t h a n h phd' thdng minh, khdng chi dfldc sit dung trong khdng gian an ma cdn Ifi ye'u td' giao tie'p ciia cd sd ha tfing cflng, truye'n dat dfl lieu thdi gian thflc ve thflc t r a n g cua t h a n h phd.
Pham vi da dang cua chflc n a n g vfi cac dich vu dfldc cung ca'p bdi t h a n h phd thdng minh phu thudc vao cd sd ha t a n g cdng nghe thdng tin va truye'n thdng.
Ve mat ca'u true, mdt t h a n h phd' thdng minh la mdt he thd'ng nhie'u cfi'p bac. Nhie'u he thdng dgc lap, rieng le dfldc ket hdp vdi nhau de tao nen mdt he thd'ng khd'ng Id, rdi den Ifldt, he thdng khdng lo n a y lai la hdp phan cua mgt he thd'ng to Idn hdn. Sfl tfldng tac ciia vd so' cac he thd'ng dgc lap t r e n yeu cau tinh md vfi tieu chuan trd t h a n h quy lie trung tam trong cau t n i c ciia mdt t h a n h phd thdng rainh. Cho nen, h mflc do hdp phdn, neu tinh md bi khiem khuyet se b a n
chd^ quy md cua mdt thfinh pho^ thdng minh va sfl khiem k h u y e t trong t i n h chu^n hda se gia t a n g chi phi ciia viec xfiy dUng t h a n h phd. Do dd, vdi he thong cd sd ha tfing p h a t trien dUa t r e n ITC, q u a n he cua mdt t h a n h phd' thdng m i n h vdi cU dfin ciia nd Ifi diem p h a n biet Idn nhfi't vdi t h a n h phd' truyen thd'ng. Nhd dUdc ho trd bdi ITC, t h a n h p h d thdng minh cd t h e Ung phd dUdc vdi sU t h a y doi ciia bdi canh kinh te, van hda vfi xa hdi td't hdn t h a n h phd' truyen thong. Khdng chi cd vfiy, thfinh phd' thdng minh cd the dap flng n h a n h n h a y hdn vdi thi hieu va sd thich cua cU dan t h a n h phd', ddng thdi Iudn cd nhflng dieu chinh thich hdp ddi vdi dich vu cua t h a n h p h d dfla t r e n nguyen vgng ciia chinh cfl dan thfinh pho" dd. Cd 3 loai hinh t h a n h pho thdng minh: nhdm 1 la t h a n h phd'mdi, dfldc xay dUng thong minh ngay tU dau: nhflng thfinh p h d nay dUdc thiet ke de t h u h u t cac doanh nghiep va cfl dan vdi ke hoach tdng t h e sii dung ICT de cung cap hieu qua cac Idi ich va dich vu cho cU dan;
nhom 2 la cac t h a n h phd' hien tai da la t h a n h phd' thdng minh, dang trong qufi t r i n h tie'p tuc hoan thien: cac tie'p can tflng p h a n (tuiig bfldc, vdi sU dieu t r i n h va nang ca'p) dang dfldc tien h a n h bdi h a u bet cac t h a n h pho'; nhom 3 la cac t h a n h phd' dinh hudng: nhflng t h a n h phd' nay dfldc thiet lap vdi mdt muc dich dac biet (thanh phd' cong nghiep, t h a n h phd'khoa hoc...).
Tran Thi Mai Thanh, TnS., Vien Kinh le Viet Nar
Nghien ciiu Kmh le so 6(469} - Thing 6/201?
91
Kinh nghiem phat trien ,
Trong qua trinh tien tdi md hinh "thfinh phd' thdng minh", cfic t h a n h phd' se t h u dUdc mdt so'thanh qua bao gom:
- Tfim nhin tUdng lai (trong kinh te, con ngfldi, quan ly, giao thdng, mdi trfldng va Id'i sdhg) dfldc xay dflng dfla t r e n sfl ket hdp thdng minh gifla cac p h a n de lai (cho the' he tie'p theo) vfi boat ddng hien tai ciia cac cdng dan cd kha nang t u quye't dinh, n h a n thflc vfi dgc lap.
- Kha nang giam sat va tich hdp cfic dieu kien cua ta't ca cd sd ha tfing quan trpng bao gdm dfldng bg, cau, hfim, dfldng ray, tfiu dien ngfim, san bay, ben cang, giao thdng, nfldc, nang Ifldng, t h a m chi la cfic toa nhfi Idn; cd the tdi flu hda viec sii dung ngudn Iflc; len ke' hoach cac boat ddng bao dfldng du phdng; vfi dam bao khia canh an ninh, ta't ca dua tren sU td'i Uu hda cac dich vu cho cdng dan cua t h a n h phd'dd.
Tien trinh tie'n tdi md hinh "thfinh phd' thdng minh" can dfldc len ke heach ky cang.
Trong giai doan dau, sfl ddng thufin cua ta't ca cac ben, bao gdm chinh quye'n qud'c gia, chinh quyen dia phUdng, cfl dan vfi cfic ben t h a m gia ve ngi ham khai niem "thfinh phd' thdng minh" mfi hg dang thflc hien la dieu rat can thie't. Mgt ngi h a m vfi chie'c lUdc rd rang phai giai quyet dUdc hai ye'u td' chinh:
cac chUc nang vfi muc dich mong mud'n cua t h a n h phd'. Chflc nang lien quan tdi bd mat va hoat ddng cua t h a n h pho' dd, va muc dich la nhflng Idi ich tiem t a n g cua mo hinh t h a n h pho'thdng m m h mang lai.
2. Thfinh p h o Xfl-un
Xd-un CO dien tich 605.2 k m - " \ dan so 10.143.645 ngUdi (chiem 20% dan se H a n Qud'c) vdi GDP 362.128 ty USD, ty le ngudi dan cd bfing dai hgc hoac cao hdn la 36,60%.
Trai qua lich sfl phat trien hdn 100 nam, Xd-un dang phat trien d trinh do cao vdi he thd'ng cd sd ha tang hien dai, mgt nen kinh te sdi dong va t h u nhap cao. Theo phan loai thfinh phd thdng minh dfldc de' cap d phan 1, Xd-un dfldc danh gia la thudc nhdm 2, va da
flng dung 3 giai doan de phfit t r i ^ n thfinh mdt t h a n h phd'thdng minh:
Giai doan 1: d ca'p do cac dich v u ddn le, Xd-un da fip dung ICT de n a n g ca'p cac b o a t ddng rieng le ciia thfinh phd" nhfl giao thdng, an toan, mdi trfldng va vfin hda.
Giai doan 2: d mflc do dich vu theo chieu dgc, thfinh phd' Xd-un tien h a n h tich hdp cdng nghe thdng tin vfio cac quy t r i n h vfi cac dich vu lien q u a n t r o n g 1 sd' linh vUc chinh cua thfinh phd', t a o dieu kien cho viec cung cfi'p cac dich vu t i e n tien hdn. Vi du, ddi vdi n g a n h giao t h d n g v a n tai, cdng d a n dUdc cung ca'p thdng tin ve' lich t r i n h boat dong theo thdi gian thUc cua he thd'ng giao thdng cdng cdng cung n h u cfic t r u d n g hdp k h a n ca'p, t i n h t r a n g dudng xfi, sita chfla dUdng bd vfi khuc ngdat tie'p theo. Cfic dich \'u cua t h a n h phd' t h d n g m i n h chUa tich hdp d tofin bd cac linh vuc, nhflng cU d a n se dUdc t r a i nghiem budc n h a y vpt trong chfi't Ifldng dich vu dfldc cung cfi'p bdi tflng ngfinh.
Giai doan ba: d mflc do dich vu theo chieu ngang, diem p h a t trien t h a n h phd' thdng minh la tai dd khdng cdn sU p h a n biet gifla cac khu vflc dich vu k h a c n h a u , vdi ta't ca cfic k h u vflc dfldc tich hdp lien mach trong mgt he sinh t h a i thfinh p h d ' t h d n g minh hieu qua.
Sang kie'n d a n h da'u bfldc khdi dau treng Id trinh tie'n tdi t h a n h phd' thdng minh cua Xd-un phai ke tdi Dfl an U-city, dfldc khdi xudng vao nfim 2004. Trong dd, chi flng dung cdng nghe thdng tin vao ca thien nang lUc canh t r a n h cua t h a n h phd'. 17 n a m sau, nam 2011, mdt ke' hoach khac t h a m vpng hdn ra't nhie'u la T h a n h phd' thdng minh Xd-un 2015 (SS2015) dfldc cdng bd' de duy tri danh tie'ng ciia Xd-un nhfl mdt thfinh phd' di dau the' gidi ve flng dung cdng nghe thdng tin truye'n thong, de thuc day tfnh ben vflng vfi nfing lUc canh t r a n h cua minh thdng qua cac cdng nghe thdng minh. So vdi U-City, SS2015 t a p
(1). http7/www.worldcitiescuIturcfonim.com/cities/seoul/
9 2 Nghmn ciiu Kmh le s6 6(469) • Thing 6/2017
Kinh nghiem phdt trien..
t r u n g vao ca viec duy t n , bao ve, t a n g cUdng va tai tao h e n tuc sflc hfi'p dfin cua nd trong tfldng lai va cai thien n a n g Iflc canh t r a n h ngfin ban. SS2015 dUdc thdng qua de vfldt (jua nhiing b a n che ciia U-Seoul mfi chi flng dung ICT vfio nhiing cd sd ha t a n g truyen thdng cua thfinh phd' U-Seoul da cai thien sfl cung cfip dich vu nhfl giao thdng vfi an tofin HiNH 1: Cac t r u cot c u a k e h o a c h
nhUng thfi't bai trong viec dem lai nhiing cai thien vat chat trong cudc sdng cua ngfldi dfin Xd-un. SS2015 cd dinh hfldng tdi con ngfldi hay Ifiy con ngfldi Ifim t r u n g tfim vfi Xd-un hien tai hfldng tdi flng dung nhi^u cdng nghe nha't cd the, nhflng ciing ddng thdi tao nhidu mdi quan he hdp tac hdn gifla thfinh phd" va ngfldi dan.
t h a n h p h o t h o n g m i n h Xd-un 2015
Co sd ha tang ICT Khung quan ly th^nh phd
tfch hop Ngucri sO dung thdng minh Ngudn: ITU (2013). Sman Cities Seoul: a case study, ITU-T Technology Watch Report, Febmary 2013.
Cac tru cdt ciia SS2015 bao gdm:
Cd sd ha tang ICT: cd't loi la tfim nhin tfldng lai.tflc la nhuiig lo Iflc phat trien cd sd ha tang ICT phai flng phd dfldc vdi ca cfic nhu cfiu dich vu trong tfldng lai, chfl khdng ddn thufin chi chi flng phd vdi nhiing nhu cau cap thiet nhat cua hien tai.
- Khung quan ly t h a n h phd' tich hdp: viec say dung mdt khung quan ly thfinh phd' tich hdp ciing ra't quan trpng. Khung quan ly tich hpp bao gdm nhie'u he thd'ng con, he thd'ng rong Idn vfi ddn le dUdc tich hdp. Cac he thd'ng khdi ke't cau ciia mdt t h a n h phd' thdng minh se cbi boat ddng hai hofi thdng qua sfl tuan thu nghiem ngat nhfi't cfic tieu chuan chimg.
- Ngfldi sii dung thdng minh: cfl dan la dd'i tUdng trung tam trong cfic muc tieu mfi thanh phd' thdng minh hfldng tdi dong thdi ciing la ddi tfldng van hanh, trai nghiem cac dich vu cua t h a n h phd' thdng minh. Do do, tang tie'p can tdi cac tliie't bi thdng minh vfi giao due cfich thflc sfl dung cho mgi ddi tfldng CO mflc thu nhap va nhdm do tud'i khfic nhau, phai luon la mgt trong nhflng uu tien hang dau cua t h a n h phd thdng minh. Sfl phat trien ciia cac dich vn cua Xd-un den nay dUdc
dfin dfit bdi Seoul Metropolitan Gevernment, Seoul hien tai dang chuyen giao phfin Idn nhiem vu nay cho cdng dan ciia hg, thdng qua viec cdng bd' thdng tin h a n h chinh cua thfinh phd' va tao r a cac md hinh flng dung phat trien ma nguon md.
De hien thflc hda du an SS2015, Xd-un da tie'n bfinh nhieu h a n h ddng cu the: dam bao thie't bi thdng minh cho tfi't ca cU dan, bao gem cfip quan bang thdng rdng va mang khdng day td'c do cao; quyen gdp thie't bi, phan phdi lai nhiing thie't bi cdn td't da qua sil dung cho nhflng ngfldi cd thu n h a p thfi'p;
cung cfi'p cac khda dad tao ICT ke tfl 2009 thdng qua ca giao due cdng vfi giao due tfl nhan; thie't lap mang Ifldi U-Seoul: mang lUdi thdng tin lien lac danh rieng cho dich vu thdng minh; t r u n g t a m lam viec thdng minh:
thi diem 31 du an "trung tam lam viec thdng minh" va nhieu chUdng trinh khac de nang cao chat lUdng ddi sd'ng cua cU dan t h a n h phd'.
Co the nhdn tha'y, sU t h a n h cdng trong tie'n trinh tie'n tdi md hinh t h a n h pho' thdng minh ciia Xd-un dUdc hd trd bdi ca bd'n ye'u to' chinh la ye'u td' quan ly, cdng nghe, xa hgi va kinh te. Tinh hoa trong linh vUc quan ly dfldc
Nghm} ciiu Kmh te so 6(469) - Thing 6/2017
Kinh nghllin phit trl^n ,
thuc h i ^ bdi cfic ben tham gia sd hiiu ky nfing va chuySn mdn cao song hanh cflng ti^m lye Irinh t$ manh me, ddng thufin xa hdi vfi cd sd ha tfing cdng nghe tien tien da thilie day qua trinh ti^n tdi mo h^nh thanh phS"
thdng minh cua Xd-un hidu qua hdn.
3. Thanh pho Dubai
Muc tigu cucfi cung cua thanh phd Dubai Ifi bi& thanh phd nfiy trd thanh thanh phd hanh phuc nhfit tren trai dfit. Dubai hidn cd 4 trieu dan tiit 180 quoc gia va thanh phd don khoang 20 tridu du khfich mSi nam (20 triSu khach vao nfim 2013). Sang kien thfinh phd Dubai HINH 2:6 khia canh phan loai sang
thong minh d u ^ khdi xUdng vko thfing 3- 2014, hudng tdi thidt 1|LP thfinh phd Dubai trd thanh thanh phd thong minh nhtft vfio nfim 2017, dUdc thuc dly bdi 4 tru c3t c h i ^ 1*^^
quan trong va dMijc mfl r6i^ trong 6 kUa c ? ^ phan loai cac sang k i ^ toan thfinh pho.
Trong do, 4 tru cot chien lUde bao gSm: hieu qua, lien m^ch, an tofin vfi tac dong m^nh; 6 khia canh bao g6m: n^n kinh td thdr^ minh, sdng thdng minh, giao thdng thdng minh, quan 1^ thdng minh, mdi trfldng thong minh va con ngfldi thong minh. Tfit ca ddu dU^c dUa trdn cd sd h^ tSng ICT thdng minh.
kien tokn th&nh pho thong minh Dubai
NSnkinhtS theng minh
Giao thdng M n g minh
^^
T h ^ h phd thdng minh Dubai
" / V \
Qudnl:^th6ng minh
Mai trudng thfing minh
Sdng thfing minh
Con ngutti thfing minh
Nguon: Tdng hop til wetjsite http;/Avww.smaitdubai.ae 6 khfa canh bao gom:
- Nln kinh te thong minh; cd sd ha ting kinh \M duoc minh chiing bling h$ tho'ng h$u c ^ Oogistic) thong minh tsii cac san bay v&
ben cang cua Dubai, giiip tfing cudng nfing Iljc canh tranh tofin cSu cua thfinh pho. Cac sang ki^n tiep xiic qu£fc te phuc vu cho du lich thong minh vfi cac ngfinh MICE (hoi hop, tuSng thu&g, hfii nghi vfi tri^n lam) tao ra nhQng trai nghiem hen mach va tac dong manh doi vdi cac du khach cung nhu su gin kit toan ciu. Muc tieu chu yeu khac bao gom viSc tao ra mfii trU&ig phu hop cho vific tfii da hoa nfing sufft - dUa tren cO sd ha ting cfing nghfi thfing tin truyin thfing phat trien duoc dinh hufing dl co kha nfing phat triln dap Ung nhu cSu cua them 50 trieu du khach tfii Dubai vao nam 2020. Dong thdi, tam true kinh t l thfing minh se tiep tuc phat triln.
thfing qua cac hoat dong tfii trd ICT b i t bufic va mot chiln lUdc th&g nhat de tao ra va duy tri cac sang k i ^ dli mdi.
- Song thong minh: cac ngfii nhfi, vfin phong va cac khu ph^ thong minh dUdc kit n S nhanh chong trd thfinh tifiu c h u i i d Dubai. Difi'u nfiy chu ylu Ifi do thuc t l r ^ g cd sd ha ting va sU phat trien di Ifin cua thfinh pho Ifi cd hfii diu tU mdi cho sut kit noi thfinh pho thong minh. Do dfi, sijl phat triln cua chinh quyin thanh pho va khu vuc tU nhan dudc "song" trong cfing nghfi thfing minh v&l tu nhifin vfi ban nfing, vi du nhu cac bang chi din kj^ thufit so thfing minh, trang thiet bi thanh pho tudng tfic, bai dS xe thong minh vfi cap quang tdi mSi ho dan. Dong thdi, giao due cung la mfit Uu tifin cua thfinh pho' vdi mfit lo^t cfic sfing kiln vl cfic tine dung hoc tfip thong minh, thu vifin dien
94 *(B«*> oil (aStfSwffiTTiSJSiS;;
Kinh nglilem phdt trien...
t^...Ben canh dd, cac benh v i | n dUdc k e t ndi trong khu vUc cdng cdng vfi tU nhfin tfing nhanh, tien tdi se bao gdm cac tien bd ve cham sdc sflc khoe t ^ gia vfi chfldng t r i n h cham sdc sflc khoe di dong. Mdt trong nhflng yeu to hap d i n nhfi't cua Dubai la mdi trfldng an tofin, yen binh vfi an ninh.
Cac cd sd vat chat vfi dich vu dfldc ke't ndi trong 3 pham vi: an tofin, p h a n flng khfin cap va an toan sflc khoe cdng nhfim tfing cfldng hdn nfla sU an tdfin cho ngUdi d a n vfi du khfich tdi Dubai.
- Di chuyen thdng minh: di chuyen, thee dinh ngbia cua Thfinh phd thdng minh Dubai, anh hfldng tdi ca sfl di chuyen ciia con ngfldi cung nhfl y tfldng. Dieu nay ddi hdi mflc do phd'i hdp y tfldng trong ca cd sd ha tang cUng va mem cua thfinh phd' d mflc do it cd tien le t r e n toan cau. Cac linh vflc trgng tam trong Di chuyen Thdng minh bao gdm: giao thdng, cd sd ha t a n g vfi quan Iy giao thdng dudng bg - bao gdm cac hd thd'ng taxi, xe buyt, he thd'ng tfiu dien ngam, taxi nudc hoac xe hdi sd hflu chung. Cfic sfing kie'n Di chuyen ben vflng da dUdc thUc hien dudi hinh thflc cac t r a m sac dien cho xe dien vfi sfl ho trd phfip ly cho cfic phfldng tien giao thdng sxi dung nguyen lieu tfii tao.
- Quan ly thdng minh: q u a n ly thdng minh luon la mdt trong nhflng u u tien hfing dau cua Dubai trong sud't 20 n a m qua.
Dubai da thiet lap sang kie'n chinh quyen dien tfl tfl nam 1999, vfi luon tie'p tuc dan dau vdi su thd'ng nhfi't chua tUng cd trong cac dich vu cong. Khfich hang cd the sxi dung dich vu cdng thdng qua website, thiet bi di ddng va cfic cdng cu truyen thdng, nang cao vi the' cua mdt t a n g Idp cdng dan dien tfl va ngfldi cfl t r u dien tfl. Cd hgi quan trgng va trgng tam cua chie'n Ifldc nay la Dfl lieu md. Chinh sfl quan ly, trien khai chie'n Ifldc Quan ly thdng minh lai tie'p tuc tac ddng tdi qua trinh r a quye't dinh cua t h a n h phd. Muc tieu cudi cung trong khi canh quan tri, bao gom thuc dfiy giao due cdng, cung nhu sU t h a m gia tich cue cua cdng
ddng tfl xa k h d n g cd dieu kien ke't noi trflc tie'p vdi cac cd sd h a t a n g t r u n g t a m thfinh phd'.
Mdi trfldng t h d n g minh: d a m bao sfl ben vflng t r o n g viec sii d u n g cfic ngudn Iflc.
Cac linh vflc t r o n g t a m bao gdm nfing Ifldng, q u a n ly r a c t h a i vfi cfic dieu kien moi trfldng cho chfi't Ifldng cudc sd'ng td't hdn.
Q u a n g phd cua cfic dich vu thdng minh bad gom sfl ke't hdp cua m a n g Ifldi dfldng day t h d n g minh, ddng hd thdng minh, cd sd h a tfing dd thi, giam Ifldng khi thai, nfldc va rac t h a i hieu q u a cung nhfl can bfing d nhiem dfldi mgi h i n h thflc.
- Con ngfldi t h d n g minh: tfi't ca con ngfldi sd'ng d Dubai: cac cdng dan, ngfldi cfl t r u , cdng dong doanh nghiep va k h a c h du lich deu la muc tieu bao qufit ciia T h a n h phd' thdng minh Dubai. Mdt p h a n khdng t h e thie'u trong viec hien thflc hda muc tieu t r e n Ifi trao quyen cho ngfldi dan t h a m gia tich cflc, ddng thdi p h a t trien ngudn n h a n Iflc vdi nhieu h i n h thflc giao due khac n h a u . Chie'n Ifldc t h u h u t sfl t h a m gia va thflc hien gifid due cdng thdng qua cac t r u n g t a m cdng dong dien txi, cac k e n h truye'n hinh xa hdi, truyen hinh ky thufit sd' vdi muc tieu cud'i cung Ifi tao r a mdt nen van hda ban dia cua hoc tap, t h a m gia va ddi mdi khdng ngflng trong xa hgi.
Ye'u td' xuyen sud't cac khia canh t r e n la cd sd ha t a n g ICT thdng minh. Chie'n lUdc t h a n h phd'thdng minh Dubai xac dinh cd sd ha tang ICT thdng minh vfi cfic dich vu lien quan la chia khda ciia moi dich vu thdng minh cua t h a n h phd'. Do dd, Cd sd ha t a n g cdng nghe thdng tin la mgt khia canh ngang, bao trum tfi't ca 6 khia canh cua t h a n h phd'thdng minh Dubai,
Dubai cung thUc hien hang loat sang kie'n de hien thUc hoa nhflng muc tieu t r e n cua minh. Sang kie'n dau tien phai ke tdi la Hanh phuc moi ndi (happiness metre). Sang kien nay nhfim phuc vu muc tieu bien Dubai trd thfinh thfinh p h d ' h a n h phuc n h a t
Nghien cuv Kinh te so 6(469) - Thing 6/2017 9 5
Kinh nghiem phat trien
t r e n bfinh tinh. H a n h phuc mpi ndi la mdt t r a n g web vfi flng dung ciia chinh phu, cd k h a nang tfldng tfic do Ifldng h a n h phflc cua ngfldi dan tren cd sd hfing ngfiy. TiJCng "met"
nhd nhfit deu dfldc kdt ndi vdi mgt mang Ifldi trung tam, cho phep gifim sat cfic dich vu va dam bao rSng nhiing khu vflc sd hflu it sfl hai long nha't tfl cfl dan se dUdc cai thien. Sang kie'n tie'p thee la Chi dfin khu vuc thdng minh (Smart distric guidelines) dUdc dUa r a cho cfic ben t h a m gia trong qua trinh xfiy dung mdi trUdng, de nha'n m a n h vfi dam bao cfic sang kien ve t h a n h phd' thdng minh dfldc thflc hien ngay tU nhiing giai doan dfiu cua du an phat trien vfi Ifi nhu cau duy nha't ciia mdi khu vUc. Ben canh dd, mdt loat sfing kie'n khac ciing dUdc thUc hien n h u Chi sd' Dubai thdng minh ciing dUdc xay dung de danh gia vfi do ludng sU van h a n h hieu qua cua cac cd sd vfi dich vu, giup tflng cd quan cdng quyen cua Dubai cd the cai thien hieu qua cua cd quan minh; sfing kien sd' lieu Dubai, cho phep chia se thong tin gifla cac cd quan chinb phu, ngfldi lap ke hoach cua thanh phd', khach du lich, cfl dan vfi cac
doanh nhan; Nen t a n g Dubai thdng m m , cho phep cfl dfin, vdi tfii khoan rieng, se a . tie'p can tdi hfing t r a m dich vu cua t h a n h p o tai nen t a n g nfiy; vfi cud'i cflng la sang Dubai Blockchain, giup sd hda viec trad doi thdng tin, h a n che tdi da vfin ban ^^^°^^
gia'y td, giup tie't kiem 144 tfi'n khi t h a i OO2 mdi nam.
3. Kinh n g h i e m c h o Viet N a m Cd the thfi'y, thfinh p h d thdng minh Xd-un vfi Dubai deu thudc nhdm 2, hien tai d a n g la thfinh phd thdng m i n h vfi dang tiep tyc hoan thien tflng phfin. Cd't lei trong vide tie'n tdi vfi thflc Men cfic muc tieu tie'n tdi thfinh phd thdng minh cua h a i thfinh phd nay dd Ifi sfl cam ke't, phoi hdp va hdp tfic gifla nhiing phdng b a n khac n h a u ciia chinh phii cung nhfl cfic cd q u a n cdng quydn vfi tfl n h a n . Chinh cfich tie'p cfin "cdng tfic t a p thi" vfi 'Ifi'y con ngfldi lam t r u n g tfim" da tao n e n t h a n h cdng budc dau t r e n g qua t r i n h tien tdi md hinh thfinh phd thdng minh. Dudi day la bang xep h a n g cua l E S E 2016*^^ ve cac thfinh phd' tren the gidi.
BANG l : B a n g x e p h a n g l E S E 2016 ciia m o t s d t h a n h p h d
Hang muc Chinh phu Ke' hoach dfl thi Quan ly c6ng C6ng nghfi Mfli trucmg Tac dflng qufl'c tS' Su gan ke't xa hfli Giao thflng Con nguoi Nen kinh te' Xep ligng chung
Dubai Xep hang
70 159 5 84 149
11 65 48 102 43 67
Xa-un Xe'p hang
24 78 39 4 53 19 59 2 15 14 7
Thanh pho Ho Chf Minh Xep hang
123 144 113 118 128 73 158 123 159 148 146
Niu-Ooc Xe'p hang
6 5 4 2 82 5 153
II 4 1 J WgiiOJi ;hnp://ciliesinmoti on. iese.edu/indi cecim/?lang=en
(2) Bao cao g6ni 181 thanh phfi thuOc 80 quO'c gia trfin th^ giai.
9 6 Nghien ciiu Kmh iSsS 6(463) - Th^i^^}^
Kinh nghigm phat trien.,
So vdi thfinh pho thdng minh n h a t t h e gidi Ifi Niu Ode, Xd-un dfi cd nhiJng h a n g muc bfit kip va tham chf vUdt trdi nhU h a n g muc ve cdng nghd, mdi trUdng, gfin ke't xa hdi, giae thdng. Trong khi dd, Dubai cung dang chflng td nd Iflc cua minh trong cac muc quan ly cong, tac ddng qudc te', gfin ket xa hoi, giao thdng vfi nen kinh te.
Thanh phd' Ho Clii Minh, t h a n h phd' duy nhfi't cua Viet Nam lot vao danh sfich xep hang, cd le phai nd Iflc rfi't nhieu de cai thien hien trang thanh phd' cung nhU thUc hien muc tieu trd t h a n h t h a n h phd' thdng rainh.
Cu thi, trong so' cac chi so" dua ra, t h a n h phd' bi dfinh gia tha'p d cac chi sd' ve ke hoach dd thi, su gin ke't xa hgi, con ngfldi va nen kinh te. Sau day la mgt sd kinh nghiem cho chinh quyen thfinh phd' trong qua trinh lap ke hoach dfla thanh phd' tie'n tdi md hinh thfinh phd thdng minh.
Xfic dinh khoang each vfi flu tien. Trfldc het, thanh phd' phai xac dinh dfldc tittig linh vflc cua thanh phd' minh dang d trang thai nao, da thflc hien td't, can cai thien hay can dau tfl them, tfl dd se xac dinh dfldc linh vflc Uu tien cfin dau tfl, cai thien.
Phat trien cho ca tfldng lai vfi hien tai.
Cac nha lap ke hoach cho mdt t h a n h phd' thdng minh phai can nhac gifla sfl hda hdp ve dap flng nhu cau cua cfl dan t h a n h phd'trong hien tai vfi kha nang dap flng nhu cau cua cu dan thanh phd'trong tfldng lai.
Con ngUdi ddng vai trd t r u n g tam.
Chinh quyen dia phfldng phai coi trgng phat
trien ca cd sd ha t a n g vfi con ngfldi sdng sdng, dam bao rfing qua trinh p h a t trien va dd thi hda thfinh phd' se dam bao nfing cao cha't Ifldng cudc sd'ng cua cfl dan. Dieu nay ddng nghia cfl dan thfinh phd'luon dfldc thdng bao, thdng tin, giai thich ve tflng giai doan phfit trien cua t h a n h phd'.
Hieu rd hoan canh. Tai mdt thfinh phd' thdng minh, khdng chi cd sd ha tang ICT dfldc quan tam mfi cfic dac t n l n g rieng ve van hda, con ngUdi cua thfinh phd' dd cung cfin dUdc can nhfic. Do vfiy, khi fip dung bfii hoc kinh nghiem cua cac thfinh phd' thdng minh khfic, thfinh phd' sd tai phai hieu rd dfic tinh, hoan canh ciia thfinh phd'minh de chen loc nbiSng diem phfl hdp vfi loai bd nhflng diem khdng phfl hdp./.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. ITU (2013), Smart Cities Seoul: a case study, ITU-T Technology Watch Report, February 2013. Online version at https://www.itu.inl/dms__pubAitu- t/oth/23/01/173010000190001 PDFE.pdf
2. Seoul Metropolilan Government (2015), Sync SEOUL. October 2015. Online version at https://seoulso ]uiion.k:r/siies/default/files/page/Seoul%20Press%20Kit_
Sync%20Seoul_2015.pdf.pdf
3. lESE Business School (2016), lESE cities in motion index. Online version at http://www.iese.edu/res earch/pdfs/Sr-0396-E.pdf. Tmy cap ngay 10/6/2017
4. http://www.smartdubai.ae 5. http://www.nhandan,com.vn/xahoi/tin- tucAtem/32910202-xay-dung-thanh-pho-ho-chi-minh-tro- lhanh-do-thi-thong-minh.html
U Kmh te so 6(469) - Thing 6/2017
9 7
