ANH HUDTNG CUA DIEU KIEN CHE PHU DEN HAM LirOTNG L-THEANINE TRONG DOT CIE
RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SHADING LEVELS ON THE L-THEANINE CONTENT IN THE TEA
Dang Thi Thanh Quyen
Trung tdm CNSH & VSATTP, Tru&ng Dai hoc Kmh ti - Ky thuat Cong nghiep Den Tda soan ngay 26/03/2014, chap nhan dang ngay 04/04/2014
Tom tat; L-theanine la mOt axit amin cd nhiiSu trong cay hp che xanh (Camellia sinensis), day la th^nh ph§n quan trgng nhat tao vj cho nuoc che va rSt co loi cho siic khoe L-theanine duoc tdng hop tii re, dua len la che va chuy§n thanh cac polyphenole do tac dung cua anh sang mat trdi Nghien ciiu tiin hanh phat triln che trong didu ki^n giam cudng do chiiu sang 60%, 70%, 80% va 90% ft-ong cac khoang thdi gian 10, 20 va 30 ngay trudc thu hoach. Ket qua ham luong L-theanine flat cao nhSt d didu kien cudng do chieu sang giam 90% trong 20 ngay (1211,0 mg/IOOg vdi gidng che Phiic Van Tien, 1326,0 mg/IOOg vdi giong che Kim Tuyen Cuong che cd ham luong L- theanine cao nhlt va thiip nhSt la la thii nhit trong dot che.
Ti> khda: L-theanine, che phu, che.
Abstract L-theanine is an ammo acid often found in green tea plant family (Camellia sinensis).
This is the most Important ingredient for the taste of tea and very beneficial to health.
L-theanine is synthesized from the roots, taken up to the leaves and converted into polyphenole under the effect of sunlight. Research on grov^^ing tea plants conducted in the context of light intensity reduction of 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% in the period of 10, 20 and 30 days before harvest resulted as follows: L-theanine level is highest in the conditions of light intensity decreased 90% in 20 days (1211,0 mg / lOOg found in Phuc Van Tien tea plant variety, 1326,0 mg / lOOg found in Kim Tuyen tea plant variety The highest level of L-theanine was found in the branches and the lowest level of L-theanine was found In the first leaf shoots
Keywords: L-L-theanine, shading, tea.
IDATVAND^
L-L-theanine, mot axit amin cd nhieu ttong che, nhung it duoc biet va nhac toi Nhiing kham pha gan day cho thay chat nay da lam phong phii them kha nang phdng va chiia benh cila che xanh Tac dung lam thu gian, chdng cang thang, lo au, hdi hop, thai ddc, tang cuong sire de khang cua che xanh da
duoc chimg minh la cd hen quan nhieu den L-theanine. L-theaiune la mpt acid amin cd nhieu ttong cay ho che xanh (Camellia sinensis) Ngoai ra, L-theamne chi duoc tim thay ttong mdt ddng nam. L-tiieamne la chat cd vai ttd quan trpng nhat ttong viec mang lai vi cua nudc che xanh. L-theanme la mdt acid amm tu do khdng cd ttong cac protein.
TAP CHi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE . S6 5 - 2014 35
KHOA HOC a CONG NGHE
HO
0 o
C6ng thijc hoa hoc L-theanine
Chit nay duac tong hop tii rl, dua len la che va dugc chuyin thanh cac polyphenole do tac dung cua anh sang mat trm [4] Vi ly do nay, mot s6 noi nguoi ta da trong che duoi bong ram de la che Mo ton L-theamne va mang lai cho che mui vi thom ngon hon, L-theanine khi vao co the lam tang tong hop cua dopamme va serotonin tai mo kem theo su xuit hien manh hon cua cac song alpha va trang thai tMn kinh bdt cang thing d ngudi uong che. L-theamne cung lam giam kich thich qua viec tham gia vao qua trinh tong hop GABA (gamma-amino butunc acid), yeu to kim ham kich thich ciia he than kinh, Cac nha nghien cim ciia Nhat da cho thiy tac dung giam lo au, hoi hop va lam thu gian ciia L-theanine vdl hSu 200mg sau khoang 40 philt til khi dung qua dudng [2], Dac biet, nhiing ngudi duoc thir nghiem hoan loan tinh tao, khong cam thay met va budn ngu, Di6u nay giai thich tai sao che xanh co caffeme la chit kich thich lai duoc dung lam nudc uong de thu gian va bdt cang thang, Mdt s6 thu nghiem khac da cho thay tac dung tich cue ciia L-theanine trong dieu tri ung thu lam nlid khdi u, tang hieu qua ciia cac bien phap dieu tn va giam cac hieu qua doc hai ciia hoa va xa tn heu Cac tac gia da ket tuan rang L-theanine cd tac dung bao ve te bao va tang sire de khang cho benh nhan L-theanine ciing lam giam huyet ap cho dong vat cao huyet ap thuc nghiem, tang cudng sire de khang va lam giam nhiem cac benh vi triing, sieu vi triing va nam cho siic vat Thanh phan hda hoc ciia che xanh phu thudc vao cac yeu td nhu giong che, miia vu, do gia cua la, khi hau va dieu kien trdng trot [3]
Che phii cay che la mot hong nhiing ky thuat trdng trot duoc su dung de san xuat mot loai che xanh Nhat chat luong cao, bnh khiet cd
ten la Gyokuro [5] Ngudi ta khJng dinh ring cudng dp chiSu sang cd moi quan he chat che vol su sinh trudng va phat tnJn ciia cay che [6] va co anh hudng ldn den thanh pMn catechin cung nhu ham luong L-theanine trong la che [7], Tuy nhien, d Viet Nam chua cd mdt cong trinh khoa hoc nao cdng bo kat qua nghien ciru ve anh hudng cua cac 3ita kien che phu khac nhau den ty le cac thanh phln chinh cua la che tii dd ddng gop vao chit luong san phim che cdn it Hon niia, mdt phin khong thS thik cila viec danh gia tinh thich ung va phii hop cua cay che vdi diju kien moi trucmg mdi la kiem tra ham luong cac thanh phin hda hoc chinh trong la che vi chiing cd mdi hen he mat thiet vdi chit luong ciia che xanh va vi vay quySt dinh gia tn cua san pham, Muc dich chinh cua nghien cim nay la tun hieu anh hudng cua su che phii den cac thanh phin L-theanine trong la che xanh thugc hai gidng che xanh Kun Tuyen va Phiic Van Tien d thdi gian sinh trudng dau vu, 2, VAT LIEU VA PHyONG PHAP NGHIEN CLfU
• Dot che mdt bup 3 la dugc thu hai vao thang 3 nam 2013 tren nhiing cay che thudc 2 gidng Phuc Van Tien va Kim Tuyen trdng tai Vien Khoa hoc KT mien niu phia Bac (Phil Hg, Phu Thg);
• Ludi che nang mau den ciia Cdng co phan ludi Thai Viet cd kha nang giam cudng do chieu sang 60%, 70%, 80% va 90% tiiy thudc vao do mau thua cua ludi
2.2, Phircng phap nghien ciru
• Chon 2 d che thi nghiem, mdt 6 cho gidng Phuc Van Tien va mot 6 cho gidng Kim Tuyen, Mdi 6 co dien tich 120m", duoc chia thanh 5 phan bang nhau tuong img vdi 4 che dd che phii khac nhau va phan thir 5 khdng duoc che phii (mau doi chimg) Dimg ludi mau den che phu phia tren cay che, each mat tan che khoang 70cm (170cm tinh tir
36 TAP CHi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE . SO 5 - 2014
KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE mat dat len). Chon ludi cd do mau thua phii
hop de cudng dp chieu sang dat duoc 4 mirc giam, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% so voi khdng che phii. (Do cudng dd chidu sang bang thidt bl Extech Light Meter Model 401025 (ITALLA),
• Thai di^m thu hai dpt che 1 blip 3 la dk lam mau phan tich tai 10 ngay, 20 ngay, 30 ngay ke ttr khi bSt dSu che phu. Moi d hai 5 m l u , moi mau khoang 0,lkg che dot tuoi;
• Thdi vu nghien ciru vu xuan (thang 3) 2.3. Phuvng phap phan tich
• Xac dinh L-theanine bang phuong phap sac ky ldng cao ap tren thiet bi He thdng HPLC Alliance ciia h§ng Waters (Mf). Cot Luna CIS (250mm x 4.6mm, 5nm) Pha ddng AccQ-Tag/acetonitnle/H20, chuong trinh gradient. Detector hu^mh quang, Ex = 250nm, Em = 395mn,
• Xac dinh ham luong chlorophill theo phuong phap D.I.Xaponicov [1],
• Xac dinh ham lugng Protem tdng bang phuong phap Kjeldahl;
• Xac dinh do am bang phuong phap sSy ddn ttong luong Idiong doi,
3. K^T QUA VA T H A O LUAN
3.1. Xac djnh mot so thanh ph^n hoa hoc chu yeu cua dot che hai gidng Kim Tuy§n va Phuc Van Tien
Hai gidng che Kun Tuyen va Phiic Van Tien dugc thu hai 1 blip 3 la d vu xuan. Ket qua xac dinh mot sd thanh phan hda hpc cua dot che I blip 3 la dugc the hien d bang 1.
Bang 1. Mpt so thanh phan hoa hpc chii y4u cua dgt che 1 bup 3 la
Ket qua bang I cho thay gidng che Kim Tuyen cd ham lugng chlorophyll. Protein tdng va L-theanine deu cao hon so vdi gidng che Phiic Van Tien. Bay la nhiing thanh phan quyet dinh chat lugng cua che Tir day cho thay hai gidng che Kim Tuyen va Phuc Van Tien deu cd chat l u g i ^ cao, tuy nhien gidng che Kim Tuyen cd chat lugng tdt hon Phiic Van Tien.
3.2. Anh huang cua cu^ng dd chieu sang d§n SLP thay ddi ham lu^ng L-theanine trong dot che a giai doan can thu hoach
Hai gidng che Kim Tuyen va Phuc Van Tien tai vu xuan dugc che phu vol cudng do chieu sang (CDCS) giam 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%
ttong khoang thdi gian 20 ngay trudc thu hoach Ket qua xac dinh ham luong L-theanine dugc the hien d bang 2.
Bang 2. Anh hirdng cua cirdng 36 chliu sang din syhinh thanh ham Iwgng L-theanine trong (3i?t che
G i o n g c h e
Phiic V a n Tien K i m T u y e n
H a m l i r o n g L - t h e a n i n e (mg/lOOg) C B C S
g i a m 6 0 % 605,0
612,0 C B C S
g i a m 7 0 % 667,0
728,0 C B C S
g i a m 8 0 % 786,0
867,0 C B C S
g i a m 9 0 % 1211,0
1326,0
Gidng che Phiic Van Tien Kun Tuyen
Thanh p h a n hoa hoc W
(%)
78,0
77,5
Chlorophyll (mg/g)
27,02 27.21
Protein tong (s/lOOg)
23,6
24,5 L- theanine (nifi/lOOg)
339,0
554,0
Ket qua bang 2 cho thay;
Trong dieu kien cudng dp chieu sang giam 60%, 70%, 80% va 90% ham lugng L'theanine tang len tang len cao nhat d cudng dp chieu sang giam 90% ddi vol ca hai gidng che Dieu nay cho tliay L-theanine duoc hinh thanh khi cudng dp chieu sang giam. Cudng dp chieu sang giam cang nhieu thi ham lugng L-theamne duoc hinh thanh cang cao Nhu vay viec sii dung them cac t&m ludi phii de tang mirc che phii len 90%
ttong 20 ngay cudi trudc khi thu hoach da dan d8n sir tang dang ke (P < 0,05) ham
T A P CHl K H O A HOC & CONG NGHE . SO 5 - 2014 37
KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE luong L-thearane trong hai mlu dot che nay la 1211,0 mg/lOOg va 1326,0 mg/g so vol 605,0 mg/g va 612,0 mg/lOOg ddi vdl gidng che Phiic Van Tien va Kim Tuyen tuong img hong man dot che phat tnen dudi mirc che phii vol cudng do chieu sang giam 60%
trong 20 ngay tnidc tiiu hoach
phat triSn tiong dieu kien cudng do chieu sang giam 90%. Ngudi ta cho rang cd moi quan he chat che giSa cudng dd chiSu sang vdi su sinh trudng va phat hien cua cay che [6], Cudng dd chieu sang va thdi gian chieu sang ciia anh sang mat trdi anh hudng den thanh phin va ham lugng L-theanine trong la che [7],
Bang 3. Anh hivang cua thai gian che phCi kh^c nhau tmng diiu Wen cu^g do chi4u sing giam
90% d4n su- thay doi ham iuxyng L-theanine
1 2
Peak Name Peak2 L-theanine
RT (mm) 26 330 26 617
Area ( V ' s e c )
29 2235899
% Area 0 00 100 00
Height ( V )
9 259674
%
Height 0 00 100 00 Hlnh 1. Sac l<ydd phan tich ham li^ong L-theanine cua giong che Phuc Van Tien trong dilu Itien che phij 90% trong thdi gian 20 ngay tripoc thu hOEich
dlroc ghi o- buoc song 250nm va 395nm 3,3, Anh hifang cCia thoi gian che phij d4n SIP thay ddi ham lii'O'ng L-theanine trong dot che a giai doan can thu hoach Gidng che Kun Tuyen va Phuc Van Tien duoc che phu d dieu ben cudng do chieu sang giam 90% hong cac khoang thdi gian che phii (TGCP) khac nhau 10 ngay, 20 ngay va 30 ngay. Su thay ddi ham luong L-theanine duoc the hien d bang 3, Ket qua biing 3 cho thay.
Ham luong L-L-theanine tang len trong khoang thdi gian che phu tii 10 ngay den 20 ngay. Nhung thdi gian che phii din 30 ngay, ham luong L-theanine giam doi vdi ca hai gidng che Kun Tuyen va Phuc Van Tien Bdi vdl khoang thdi gian nay la qua dai doi vdl su sinh trudng, phat hien cua cay che do qua trinh quang hop bl han chi Tii dd nang suat ciia cay che bi anh hudng khi cay che
Giong che
Phuc Van Tien Kim Tuyen
Ham lirtfng L-theanine (mg/lOOg) TGCP
10 ngay
1113,0 1052.0
TGCP 20 ngay
1211,0 1326,0
TGCP 30 ngay
1036,0 1186,0
..
• • d
,,,,, ,1
Mi • • iiM . « J •• » « ( Mti x«^
ll.
mti ^,/ mH m.i
Hinh 2, Siic ky do phan tich ham lu'O'ng L-theanine cua gl6ng che Phuc Van Tien trong dieu kien cu'd'ng do chieu sang giam 90% trong thdi gian 30 ngay aiFoc ghi it buwc song 250nm va 395nm
0 nghien cuu nay, kit qua cho th^y che phii cay che da cd anh hudng den ham lugng L-theanine, ham lugng ciia chung tang dang ke khi che phu, dac biet la dudi mirc che phii cao nhk la 90% trong 20 ngay trudc thu ho^ch L-theanine la mdt hin td cho su tong hop cac flavanol ttong la che [5], Su chuyin N-ethyl carbon ciia L-theanine vao nhan phloroglucinol ciia catechin dugc kiim soat bdi anh sang, vi the cd the giai thich moi
38 TAP CHi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE . S 6 5 - 2014
KHOA HOC a CONG NGHE tuong quan t^ le nghich giua ham lugng L-
theaiune va catechm ttong la che dugc che phu so voi la che khong dugc che phu cung nhu che phu ttong dieu kien cuong do ang sang va thoi gian che phii khac nhau [5].
3.4. Xac djnh sir hinh th^nh L-theanine trong cac thanh ph^n khdc nhau ciia dot che 1 bup 3 la
Troi^ thanh phan ciia dot che 1 biip 3 la ham luong L- theanine duoc tdng hgp va chuyen hoa la khac nhau do vi tri cau tao cac thanh phan ttong dot che la khac nhau.
U3
Hinh 3. Thanh phan cua dot che 1 blip 3 la
De nghien ciiu xac dinh ham luong L-theanine ttong cac thanh phan khac nhau cfia dot che 1 biip 3 la doi vol hai gidng che Kim Tuyen va Phiic Van Tien. Thi nghiem dugc thuc hien nhu sau hai giong duoc che phii ttong dieu kien che phu vol cuong do chieu sang giam 90% ttong thoi gian 20 ngay, ket qua xac dmh su hinh thanh ham lugng L-theanine ttong timg thanh phan cua dot che dugc the hien d bang 4.
Ket qua d bang 4 cho thay. Ham lugng L-theanine duoc hinh thanh voi ham luong khac nhau d ttong timg thanh phan ciia dot ch6 L-theanine tang dan hi la 1 den la 3 song d cuong cua dot che thi lai co ham luong L-theanine la cao nhat doi vol ca hai gifing che Dieu nay dugc giai thich L-theanine duoc tong hgp tii re, di qua cuong va dua len la che va dugc chuyen thanh cac polyphenole do tac dung cua anh sang mat ttoi [4]. Cuong dp chieu sang mat trdi cang ldn qua trinh chuyen hoa cang manh va ngugc lai Theo vi tri ttong dot che thi la 1, la 2, la 3 va cuong thuc hien qua
trinh quang hgp giam dan Do vay ham lugng L- theanien d cuong cao nhat va thap nhat la la 1. Vi ly do nay, mot so noi ngudi ta da trdng che dudi bong ram de la che bao ton L-theanine va mang lai cho che miii, vi thom ngon hon
Bang 4. Sir hlnh thanh ham lu^g L-theanine tmng tdng thanh phin cua dgt che khi che phu
d diiu kien cuong dd chliu sang giam 90%
trong tfidi gian 20 ngay Giong
che Phiic Van Tien Kim Tuyen
Ham lutfng l-theanine (mg/lOOg) L a l
1031,6
1127,6 La 2 1162,8
1176,2 La 3
1237,3
1212,8 Cuong
2367,5
2467,5 4. KET LUAN
• Giong che Kim Tuyen c6 chat lugng cao hon so vdi giong che Phuc Van Tien,
• Ham luong L-theamne ttong dot che tang len khi cudng do chieu sang giam va cao nhat khi cudng do chieu sang giam 90%. Y nghTa cua nghien ciiu nhSm muc dich tao ra ngudn nguyen lieu che tuoi co ham luong L- theanme cao de lam nguon nguyen lieu san xuat bdt che xanh dang matcha - mot san pham cao cap va rat co Igi cho site khoe ciia con ngudi;
• Ham luong L-theanme ttong dot che cao nhat ttong khoang thdi gian 20 ngay che phii d dieu kien cudng do chieu sang giam 90%;
• Ham lugng L-theaiune hinh thanh khong deu ttong thanh phan ciia dot che. Cuong che cd ham luong L-theanine la cao nhat va giam d5n tli la 3, la 2, la 1, Tii ket qua nghien ciiu nay cho thay ttong qua ttinh che bien hot che xanh dang matcha nen sii dung cuSng de cho san phim bpt che cd ham luong L-theanine cao hon
TAP CHi K H O A HOC & CONG NGHE . S 6 5 - 2014 39
- HOC &. CONG NGHE
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Vu Thy Thu, Do§n Himg Tifin, D§ Thi Gam, Giang Trung Khoa (2001) Cac hgp chat hoahpc CO ttong che, Nha xu&t ban Nong nghiep.
[2] Akiko Higashiyama, Hla Hla, Htay, Makoto Ozeki, Lekh R. Effects of L-L-theanine on attention and reaction time response, JunejaJounalofFunhonal Food 3 (2011) 171-178.
[3] Lin, y.-S., Tsai. Y.-J., Tsay, J.-S , & Lin, J.-K. (2003) Factors Affecting the Levels of Tea Polyphenols and Caffeine m Tea Leaves Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 1864-1873.
[4] Juneja LR, Chu D, Okubo T, et al. L-L-theanine - aunique ammo acid of green tea and its relaxatton effect in humans. Food Sci Tech 1999; 10:199-204,
[5] Kito, M-, Kokura, H., Izaki, J., & Sasaoka, K. (1968) L-theanine, a precursor of the phlorogluciaol nucleus of catechins in tea plants. Phytochemistty, 7, 599-603.
[6] Shoubo, H (1989) Meteorology of the tea plant in China. A review. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 47, 19-30
[7] Weisburger, J H (1997) Tea and health a historical perspective Cancer Letters, 114(1-2), 315^317,
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40 TAP CHi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE . SO 5 - 2014
