Lai ban them v l nhan tai

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MINH TRIET & KINH TE MINH TRIET

Lai ban them v l nhan tai

D PGS.TS. Tran Oinh Huynh

V

an de nhan tai da dugc ban thao rat nhieu trong nhirng nam gan day.

Nhieu binh dien cua va'n de da dugc cac tac gia day tam huye't neu ra, nhung hinh nhu trong thuc tien va'n de nhan tai, hien tai ciia nudc ta hien nay van dang cdn la mdt dieu tran trd khdng chi rieng ai, nd van dang ddi hdi phai tie'p tyc ban Iuan, Chi xin neu mpt vai thien y ban them ve va'n de nay.

1. Theo each hieu thdng thudng thi tdi ndng la nhiing ngudi cd kha nang vugt trpi, noi bgt d mpt hay mdt vai ITnh vuc nao do, da phan ho dugc giao due dao tao ma thanh; so' ddng cd bang cap hgc ham, hpc vi nha't dinh, dupc coi la tri thiic. Nhung tren thuc ttv xa hdi lgi khdng the

dong nha't tri thiicngudi cd bang ca'p vdi ngudi cd tai nang.Dd la lan ranh ma ngudi lam cdng tac nhan sy tuyet dd'i khdng dupc phep nham lan. Ngay nhu khai niem nhan tai, theo nghia chir Han thi la ngudi tai, nhung trong tie'ng Viet, khi dung khai niem Nhan tai thi hinh nhu cung cd y khac vdi khai niem ngudi tai.

Can hieu tai nang ciia con ngudi the hien dudi nhieu dang khac nhau tuong iing vdi cac logi hinh hogt dpng va vdi cac kieu tu chat thdng minh khac nhau. Vi du cd tai nang toan hoc, van hoc, nghe thugt (nghe thuat lai cd vd van tai nang d cac bp mon khac nhau nhu miia, dien xua't, hpi hpa, am nhac...), tai nang the thao (the thao Igi cd nhiing tai nang ra't khac nhau, nhu da bdng khac vdi cir ta, boi lgi.. ,), tai nang tu tudng-triet hpc, tai nang quan sy, ngoai giao, tai nang kinh doanh, tai nang giao duc....Do do mdi kieu tai nang hay tirng ca nhan dupc coi la ngudi cd tai (hay nhan tai) cd vai trd khac nhau trong hogt dpng thuc tien. Mdt ngudi coi la cd tai d linh vuc nay nhung ne'u dat hp khdng dung chd thi hp Igi hda ra ngudi binh thudng thgm chi la kem cdi d ITnh vuc khac. Dieu nay cho thay trong cdng tac nhan su khdng nen dat can bd lanh dao, quan ly qua xa vdi nang lyc, sd trudng cii.

Trong xa hdi nhin chung va pho bieh thi hau nhu hie'm cd nhiing ngudi toan tai, toan nang. Do vay du d bat Cli to chiic chinh tri xa hgi nao, d bat cii quoc gia nao, gia dinh dugc coi la gom toan nhiing ngudi cd tai, toan nhiing ngudi uu tli lanh dgo, thi dang khong bao gid duoc mac sai lam la logi bd hay xa rdi nguyen tac dan chii trong khi ra cac quye't dinh. Ljeh sir con ngudi da timg dau ddn la da cd thdi ky dai lam vao che'dp chuyen quyen dpe doan, la thinh hanh che'dg "quan chii".

Tai va diic ciing can cd su phan biet tuong dd'i, chua han ngudi cd tai d mgt linh vuc nao do ciing deu cd diic, cdn ngudi cd dgo diic ding chua han la ngirdi cd tai. Ho Chi Minh da cd su phan biet rd: "Cd tdi phdi c6 diec.

Co tdi khong co due, tham d hit hoa cd hgt cho nu&c. Co due khong co tai nhu ong but ngoi trong chua, khdng gidp ich gi dugc cho ai" (HCM, Toan tap ,T8, 1996, rr. 184). Day ciing la sy phan biet quan trgng, ra't can thie't, ma nhiing ngudi lam cdng tac to chiic nhan sir phai sang sud't nhan bie't de tham nhuan phuong phap "diing nguai nhu dung gd" cua Ho Chi Minh.

Khi sir dung can bp can xem xet ca tai va due. Cai ma each day 66 nam, ngay 20/11/1946, Hd Chii rich ra <~hi thi Hm Lri^V^ ..i ,i

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^ k ^

ciing dang hep tyc tim kie'm - la

"Tim ngudi tdi du'c" va cai khuye't diem Chinh phii khi ay mac phai ma ngudi diing dau da cdng khai nhan ldi , deh nay phai chang van la "nghe khdng dih, thd'y khdng khap, din nSi nhirng buc tdi diec khdng thexu^t than"?

Hien tdi va nhan tai tuy deu la khai niem chi ngudi cd tai ca, nhung theo tdi thi ngi ham hai khai niem nay rat khac nhau, ma trong chinh sach can bg can cd su phan biet. Hien tdi la khai niem dimg de chi chung mpt tang ldp ngudi cd ca tai nang va due dp nd'i trgi, hg cd tai nang xua't chiing, cd ddng gdp to Idn tgo nen budc ngogt cua phat trien, tie'n bp xa hpi. Xua nay, trong ITnh vuc chinh tri, nhiing ngudi dting dau qud'c gia hay che dp nao cd tai nang xua't chung, cd cdng vdi nudc vdi dan, cd diic dp va hanh VI cao thugng, thudng dugc lich sir tdn vinh la ngudi hien tai, hay nhiing bac hien minh. Trong che dg phong kie'n trudc kia d nudc ta ciing da timg cd cac vi vua dupc nhan dan mudn ddi coi la bgc hien tai, la cac da'ng minh quan; cd cac quan Igi mgt long trung trinh vdi nudc, vdi dan, dem he't tai nang ra phung sy qud'c gia, neu guong sang cho ddi sau, dugc coi la hien than; cdn nhiing ke gian manh, truy lac, ham me tuu sac, trii dap ngudi tai, ua phinh ninh, tham nhOng... thi cd la vua chiia hay quan lai thi ciing deu bi nhan dan coi la hdn quan, bao chiia, hoac la ke gian than... Ciing co ngudi cd tai, da cd liic lap dugc cdng trang nhung muu vinh than, phi gia hay bat luong tan bao, thi dupc

coi la ke gian hiing...

Hien tai la siic sdhg, la mgch nguon ciia dan tgc; hg la chi da'u ve su hung vong oia son ha xa tac. Chinh vi the'ma cha dng ta da ndi "Men tdi Id nguyen khi quoc gia, nguyin khi thjnh tht the nuac mgnh roi lin cao; nguyin khi suy thi the nuac yeu roi xuong thap".

Trong tinh hinh da't nudc ta hien nay dang diing trudc nhieu nguy CO va thach thiic thi viec suy nghT ve chinh sach chieu hien dai si, tim ngudi tai diic, "trgng dung nhieng ke hii'n ndng" (Idi Ho Chi Minh) chinh la tim ve va nudi dudng cho nguyen khi qud'c gia tranh khdi suy vi, lam cho the nudc mgnh len, lam cho myc heu dan giau nudc mgnh xa hdi dan chil, cdng bang van minh khdng chi dirng d khau hieu keu gpi hay niem mo udc xa vdi.

Thien tai la mgt dang cap tai nang nd'i trgi, hie'm hoi, hg cd ddng gdp vd ciing to ldn vao lich sir nhan logi tren mpt hay vai ITnh vuc dinh cao, ma phai lau lam, tram nam, tham chi nhieu the' ky, mdi cd mgt ngudi. Do nhieu Iy do ma d nudc ta, ke tir ngay lap qud'c cho tdi ngay nay, dau nhan tai thdi nao ciing co, nhung trong linh vyc trie't hpc, tpan hgc va khoa hgc tu nhien, kinh te, ky thuat... thi nhirng dinh cao that qua hie'm hoi. Do yeu cau sdhg cdn ciia minh ma ma trong lich sir ma'y ngan nam nudc ta da xua't hi^n mpt vai thien tai trong ITnh vyc chinh tri -quan su dugc the'gidi tdn vinh. Ho Chi Minh la mgt trudng hgp hie'm hoi ay.

2. Nhan tai khdng phai d tren trdi roi xud'ng, nhan tai ding

khong phai tir da't day len, mac da'u dieu kien ty nhien cd phan tham du khdng nho. Mdi trudng xa hpi giir vai trd quye't dinh cho cac nhan tai phat Id va the hien.

Ho Chi Minh da timg ndi dai y rang, dang vien tuy dupc lya chpn can than, gdm dgi bp phgn la nhiing ngudi uu tii, nhung Dang Cling d trong xa hpi, mdi ngudi khi da la dang vien, la cap liy, la lanh dgo cap cao thi khdng phai da trd thanh thanh ngay, ma ta't thay, hp cung deu d trong xa hdi, trong mdi trudng xa hgi ma hg sinh thanh, td'n tai, phat trien. De cd mpt dpi ngu can bp lanh dao, quan ly da't nudc gom nhung ngudi cd tai nang va dao difc thi can cd mpt chie'n lupc lau dai va he thdhg chinh sach dong bg ve dao tao, nudi dudng vun trdng, trpng dyng nhan tai cho da't nudc. "Vi lgi ich tram ndm phdi trong nguai" la vdi y thiic nhu vay.

Ke tir sau khi thd'ng nha't da't nudc tdi nay, ne'u nhin vao cac nghi quye't va Dieu le ciia Dang Cdng san Viet Nam qua 7 ky Dai hpi Dgi bieu Toan quoc va cua cac van ban phap lugt quy dinh to chiic va hogt dpng ciia nha nudc tir cap co so len de'n toan qud'c cimg vdi each thiic da tie'n hanh bau cir, ung cir,tuyen chon va bd nhiem can bp, cdng chiic thi tudng chimg nhu Dang va Nha nudc ta da thau thai vao trong to chiic ciia minh toan nhiing ngudi cd tai, cd difc tuong xiing vdi chiic quyen, cap bac ma hp dupc giao phd, cang len tren thi lai cang la nhCrng ngudi dugc chgn lya chat che trong so nhiing ngudi uu hi, de trd thanh bp

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1 TRIET & KINH TE TRIET

AT

phan tinh tuy nhat tieu bieu ciia tai nang da't nudc, nhu vay han cd ngudi phai xung dang dupc nhan dan tdn vinh la bgc hien tai ciia thdi hien dgi (?!).

Nhung tren thuc te'thi khdng phai hoan toan nhu vgy. O dau, d cap nao nhan dan cung nhin tha'y sy suy thoai yeii kem va bat cgp cua bp may cdng quyen. Nhd sy cdng khai, minh bach do qua trinh dan chii hda ddi sdhg xa hpi, do sy phat trieh ciia he thd'ng thdng tin, va do trai nghiem cua chinh nhan dan vdi tu each vira la chu nhan da't nudc, vira la dgi tuong cua cac chu the lanh dao, quan ly qud'c gia ma nhan dan, nha't la gidi tre va tri thiic cd thyc tai, tha'y ban khoan ve viec thyc thi chinh sach dao tgo, thu hiit va trpng dyng nhan tai ciia da't nudc. Nhirng ye'u kem cua dpi ngii lanh dgo quan ly cac cap bgc lg ra hang ngay, d ta't ca cac ITnh vyc ciia ddi sd'ng xa hpi; nan tham nhung, hd'i lg, lang phi cua cdng, hanh vi vd cam ba't nhan nhu mpt benh dich lan tran ra khSp noi tir thdn cimg xdm vang de'n phd' thi ddng due, tir mien xudi de'n mien niii, tir hgc dudng, benh vien de'n cdng sd... lam nhiic nhoi long dan.

Vi the hau nhu ta't ca nhan dan-nhirng ngudi dang ngng long vdi van menh cua che'dd- deu da ddng tinh hudng iing Nghi quye't 4 Ban Cha'p hanh Trung uong Dang (Khda XI) la can phai:

(1) Ngan chgn, day liii rinh trgng suy thoai ve tu tudng chinh tri, dgo diic, lo'i song cua mgt bg phan khdng nhd can bg, dang vien, nha't la can bp lanh dao.

quan ly cac cap.

(2) Xay dyng dpi ngii can bd lanh dao, quan ly, nha't la d cap trung uong, dap iing yeu cau ciia sy nghiep cong nghiep hda, hien dgi hda va hpi nhgp quo'e te'.

(3) Xac dinh ro tham quyen, trach nhiem ca nhan ngudi diing dau ca'p liy, chinh quyen va md'i quan h^ vdi tap the ca'p iiy, co quan, don vi.

Trong 3 va'n de tren thi va'n de thti nha't (ngan chgn, day liii tinh trgng suy thoai ve tu tudng, chlnh tri, dgo due, ldi sd'ng) la trpng tam, xuyen sud't va cap bach nha't.

Mdi trudng xa hpi, dac biet la mdi trudng chinh tri, cu the la mdi trudng sd'ng va hoat dgng trong cac CO quan cong quyen, trong cac cdng sd ciia he thohg chinh tri la tich hop ta't ca nhiing dieu kien de tai nang, nhan tai xua't hien, the hien minh va phat trien hoac bi mai mpt, bie'n ma't, tham chi, ndi theo each ciia Hd' Chi Minh, la lam hii hda ca nhan tai.

Thuc te'cho tha'y ra't khd khan de cd the xua't hien mgt nha chinh tri kien cudng, khdng chi giii cho minh trong sgch ma cdn dung cam eho'ng lgi nhiing thdi hu tat xa'u trong bd may cdng quyen, ma chinh hp la mpt thanh vien trong bd may va co che'a'y. That kho de nha quan ly tai ba xoay xd dupc trong mgt thie't che'gd'm khdng it ngudi chi chii tam de'n lgi ich ca nhan va lpi ich nhdm. Thgt khd cho mdt sinh vien gidi sau khi ra trudng dugc nhan mdt cdng viec d chinh que huong hg (dii cho hp ra't nang ldng vdi que huong) ne'u nhu hp khdng cd than tgc troip ^n may tuyen cdng chiic hoac kii • -

cd tien va bie't each chgy chgt. Se khd cho mgt nghien elm sinh mudh cd mgt lugn an tieh sT dugc danh gia cao b ^ g chinh cdng siic lao dgng sang tgo ciia minh ti-ong mdt che dp thi cir, danh giabj van due bdi sy chi phd'i cii^ chii nghla hinh thiic va su d ue' ciia dong tien trong che' dp giao dye dao tgo hien hanh. Se khd cho vi?c thi tuyen can bg cdng chiic, thgm chi la ca bau cii niia, thuc su cdng bang, minh bgch, n§'u con cd "it

&m tie am sinh " va nan an hoi lg.

Danh gia nghiem tiic va chinh xac tinh hinh ndi tren. Van ki^n Dgi hgi Dgi bieu Toan qud'c lan thu XI ciia Dang da ghi: "Viic dm m&i cdng tac cdn bd con cham; thiSk CO chi', chinh sdch cu the de thuc stf phdt huy ddn chii trong cdng tde cdn hd, phdt hien vd sie dung ngubi tai;

chgm dot m&i ca chi', phuang phap vd quy trinh ddnh gid, bo nhiim, tif chiec doi v&i cdn bg vdn la khdu yi'u.

Tinh trgng chgy chiic, chgy quyin, chgy tdi, chgy bang cap, huan chuong chua dugc khdc phuc. Cdng tde cdn bd thii'u tdm nhin xa. Chat lugng ddo tgo, boi duang cdn hg thap. Mdi truong ldm viic chtnh sdch cdn hd chua tgo dugc ddng luc di'khuyin khich, thu hut, phdt huy ndng luc, sye cong hii'n cita cdn bo; chua co vU y chi phah dau vuon lin, sif gan bo, tan tuy cua cdn hd doi v&i cdng viic"{Van kien DH XI, ti-.173-174)

3. De kh5c phuc khuye't diem ndi tren thi khdng the chi kiem diem, tu phe binh va phe binh, nigc dau tir trudc tdi nay Dang ta van coi do la quy luat ciia sy phat trien va la vu khi dau tranh trong

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giac the rang se giii khi tie't cua ngudi cgng san la ludn vi nudc quen than vi nhan dan phye vu,

De ty phe binh va phe binh khdng chi la hinh thiic ma thyc sy cd ke't qua thuc te^ hie la thyc su la vu khi, thi can cd nhgn thiic va each lam khac (Xin xem them bai "Detu phi btnh vd phi hinh thuc su la vd khi" ciia Tran Ai Thanh, tren Tap chi Xay dyng Dang, so' 4-2012).

De cho nhan tai thyc su la nguyen khi eiia qud'c gia trong ddi sdhg chinh trj cua da't nudc hien nay, trong phgm vi bai vie't ngan nay chiing tdi chi xin gdp mgt vai thien y sau day:

Mgt la, can cd ngay mdt co che'thgt dan chii, ty do trong viec chuan bi can bg cho cac cudc bau cir, ling cu trong cac Dgi hgi cua Dang tu cap co sd de'n trung uong. Chiing tdi da cd bai vie't rieng ve van de nay (dang tren Tgp chi Xay dyng Dang, so' thang 6-2012). Theo chiing tdi do la each td't nha't de chgn nhan tai trong Dang.

Hai Id, can thay the' quy che' gidi thieu ngudi ra iing cir vao cac CO quan dan cii (HDND va Qud'c hgi) ba'y lau nay van lam.

Nen theo kinh nghiem Hd Chi Minh da lam va thyc tien da cd hieu qua to Idn khi bau cii Qud'c hgi de thanh lap Chinh phii da'u Hen ciia nudc Vi^t Nam Dan chii Cpng hda. Khi a'y nhieu can bd cao cap ciia Dang da khdng tham gia ling cii, khdng cd chan trong Chinh phu, de cac nhan tai ngoai Dang cd co hpi xua't than Tren thyc te' nhieu ngudi ngoai Dang da ra't xung dang nhgn cac trpng

trach trong Chinh phii va Uy ban Hanh chinh cac cap, va qua thyc tien hoat dgng da phan hg da cd ddng gdp to Idn trong thyc thi nhiem vy Theo co che hien nay thi CO quan lanh dao, quan ly ciia nha nudc cac ea'p gan nhu khdng CO may ngudi ngoai Dang tham gia, mac dau ty le dang vien so vdi dan cu la rat thap. Trong bd may hanh chinh cdng quyen cac cap va ca trong cac co quan quan ly chuyen mdn nghiep vy ciing vgy, hau he't ngudi cd chiic vu deu phai la dang vien. Ne'u nhu vay thi tai nang ngoai dang khd cd dieu kien tham gia va vd tinh da nudi dudng dpng co vao dang ciia mgt so' ngudi la de thang quan phat tai. Ve van de nay, chinh Lenin da ndi rang, trong dieu kien Dang chap chinh thi bgn CO hpi se tim each ehui vao Dang de chie'm chd trong co quan nha nude nham "due nudc beo cd", Cgnh tranh binh dang giiia dang vien va ngudi ngoai dang se la CO hpi cho cac nhan tai xua't than. Dang khdng nen bao ca'p uy tin cho dang vien trong cac cudc bau cu ciing nhu thien vi dang vien khi bo nhiem cac chiic vu trong bd may quan ly cac ca'p.

Ba Id, can sdm thuc hien nghiem tiic nguyen tac ciia nha nudc phap quyen XHCN la mpi dang vien deu binh dang ve quyen lpi va nghia vy trach nhiem trudc ky luat Dang; mgi cdng dan deu binh dang trudc phap luat ciia Nha nudc. Binh dang trong bau cir ling cir va trong thi tuyen vao cac chiic danh trong cac co quan nha nuoc, khdng phan bi^t ngudi trong dang hay ngudi ngoai

dang la van hda chinh tri Ho Chi Minh ma chiing ta can hudng tdi. Can cd quan niem diing dan rSng sir dung can bd ngoai Dang khdng nhiing khdng lam cho vi the' ciia Dang cam quyen giam di ma ngupc lgi Dang se viing mgnh hon nhd cd nguon can bp phong phii, cd nhieu ngudi to't diing trong bp may cdng quyen do Dang Ianh dgo, lam cho siic mgnh doan ke't toan dan tpc ngay mgt tang cudng va phat huy hieu qua nhu Bac Hd' da day cdng vun dap va khiing dinh: Dodn ket, dodn ke't, dgi dodn ke't. Thdnh cong, thdnh cong, dgi thdnh cong Bdn la, nen bau cir cac co quan dan Cli trudc khi bau cir ca'p iiy cac cap. Tren co sd tin nhiem ciia nhan dan tiong cac cuge bau cir dan chii ty do. Dang se cd them thdng tin de lua chgn cac cap iiy vien la nhiing ngudi cd thyc tai, thuc diic dupc nhan dan tin nhiem.

Ndm la, n^n lam ngay viec bd phie'u tin nhiem cac chiic danh trong chinh phu va trong UBND cac ca'p. Nen coi day la viec lam binh thudng va nen thyc hien nd mpt each cong khai, minh bach, tranh lam hinh thiic chie'u le.

Van de phat hien va trgng dyng nhan tai lien quan de'n thinh suy, hung vong ciia da't nudc. Dang cdng san la ngudi chiu trach nhi^m trudc lich sir. Sy thanh bai ciia Dang xua nay hoan toan phu thupc vao chinh sach diing ngudi, trong do chinh sach nhan tai va thyc thi chinh sach dd vd'n la viec he trpng mang tinh sd'ng cdn ma lich sir da de lai cho hom nay. •