'^hi hdnh phap. lual
86 8 ( 3 1 7 ) - 2 0 1 aTHUC TRANG PHAP LUAT VE KHIEU NAI, TU CAU VUOT CAP TRUNG LINH VUC DAT DAI i VIET NAM HIEN NAY
• Lu^t gia HOANG XUAN T 6 N *
&TS.BDlDO'CHlfeN*
Tdm tit: Bdi viit ndy phdn tich mgt s6 bdt cap trong cdc quy dinh vd thuc hien phdp lugt khieu ngi, to cdo trong ITnh vuc ddt dai, tie do dua ra gidi phdp ndng cao hieu qud gidi quyet khieu ngi, to cdo ve vdn de ndy tren thifC tien.
Abstract: Thi^article clarifies some shortcomings in the regulations and implementation of the law on complaints and denouncements in the land, fi'om there, puts forward solutions to improve the efficiency oj handling complaints and denouncements on this issue in practice.
1. Thyc tr^ng khi^u nai, t6 cao vugt cap trong linh vyc dat dai d Vi^t Nam
Cd the thay, dudi giac dp phap ly, viec ca nhan, to chuc thuc hipn quyen khieu nai', td cao^ cac quyit dinh hanh chinh, hanh vi hanh chinh duac phap luat quy dinh theo mdt trinh ty, thu tuc, tham quydn chat che vdi tung cdp tu thap den cao. Tuy nhien, dl bao ve quydn va lpi ich hap phap cua minh khi bi xam pham, thay vi ngudi khidu nai, td cao phai gfli don den dung chu the cd tham quyen de giai quyit thi lai gfli dan vupt cap len cdp tren ciia chu thd nay. Phap luat quy dinh vd quydn khiSu n^i, td cao la mdt hinh thflc thuc hien dan chu true tigp nhdm bao dam quyen tiep can cdng ly. Tuy nhien, ndu khidu nai, td cao vupt cdp keo dai thi cac quydn nay se khdng thi dugc bao dam, ddng thdi anh hudng ddn quyen va lpi ich hpp phap ciia ngudi dan, quydn con ngudi trong trat tu nha nudc phdp quyen.
trong linh vyc ddt dai, phap luat dat dai hien hanh xac dinh, Nha nudc tham gia quan he phap
luat dat dai vdi hai tu each chu dao: (i) Nha nudc la dai dien chu sd hihi toan dan nen Nha nudc cd quyen thay mat nhan dan de thuc hien cac quyen chiem hiiu, sfl dung va dinh doat ve dat dai nhu:
Cd quydn giao dat, cho thue dat, cdng nhan quyen su dyng dat, thu hdi dat, quy dinh vd gia ddt, tai chinh lien quan den ddt, thdi han su dung ddt, ban mflc giao dat, nhan chuyen nhuang quyen su dung dit ndng nghiep...; (ii) Vdi tu each la td chflc quyen lyc edng cdng dupe nhan dan uy quydn, Nha nuoc ed trach nhiem thdng nhit quan ly ddt dai trong pham vi ca nudc nhu: Nha nudc td chflc dang ky ddt dai, edp gidy chiing nhan quydn su dung dat, thanh tra, kiem tra phat hipn xu ly, giai quyet tranh chdp, khiiu nai, td cao vd ddt dai...
Nha nudc chuydn giao quyin sfl dyng ddt cho ngudi sfl dung ddt va thua nhan ngudi sfl dung ddt cd quyen chuyin ddi, chuyin n h u ^ g , tang cho, thua ke, thi chdp, bao lanh, cho thue, gdp von bang quyen sfl dung dit, hda giai cac ttanh chdp dat dai... Dd thuc hien cac quyin nay cua Nha
" Viin Nhd nudc vd Phdp ludt
Ddn chCi & Phdp lu$t I
'Shi hdnh ph&p ludi 86 8 (317)-2018
nude ciing nhu ngudi su dyng dat, Nha nudc ban hanh cae quy dinh lien quan den hing npi dung quan ly tu tham quyen, trinh ty, thu tye, thdi han thye hipn ddn van de tai chinh lien quan.
Khi quyen la led ich hpp phap cua ngudi sii dyng dat bi xam pham bdi cac quyet dinh hanh chinh hoae hanh vi hanh chinh tu phia Nha nudc, thi tiiy tflng trudng hpp, ngudi sfl dung dat ed quyen khieu nai, td cao hoae khdi kipn eae hanh vi/quyet dinh dd. Tham quyen, trinh hr, thu hic giai quyet khieu nai, td eao duoc quy dinh cu the trong Lu^t Khieu nai nam 2011, Nghi djnh sd 75/2012/ND-CP ngay 03/10/2012 cua Chinh phu quy dinh chi tiet mot sd dieu cua Luat Khieu nai, Luat Td cao nam 2011 va Nghi dinh sd 76/2012/ND-CP ngay 03/10/2012 cua Chinh phu quy dinh chi tiet thi hanh mdt sd dieu cua Luat Td cao. Theo Luat Khieu nai nam 2011 thi trinh hr khieu nai phai hi thap den cao, khieu nai idn ddu den chinh co quan, chu the ban hanh ra quydt dinh hanh chinh, hanh vi hanh chinh (Didu 7); hinh thfle khieu nai dupe thyc hien bdng don khiiu nai hoac khilu nai true tilp (Dieu 8); thdi hieu khiiu nai la 90 ngay, ke hi ngay nhan dupe quylt djnh hanh chinh hoac biet duoc quyit djnh hanh chinh, hanh vi hanh chinh (Dieu 9)... Luat Td cao nam 2011 quy djnh cu the ve nguyen tdc giai quylt td cao, theo do, viee giai quyet td cao phai kjp tiidi, ehinh xac, khach quan, dung tham quydn, trinh hr, thii tuc va thdi han theo quy dinh phap luat; bao dam an toan cho ngudi td cao; bao ve quyin, lpi ich hpp phap ciia ngudi hi td cao flong qua trinh giai quylt td cao (Diiu 4); thdm quydn giai quyit khilu nai, td cao duoc quy djnh hi Dilu 12 din Dilu 17... Vd thu tuc khdi kien tranh chap ve quyin sfl dung ddt, Dieu 202 Luat Dat dai nam 2013 quy djnh, tranh
chap dat dai du ed gidy td vl quyin sfl dung dat hay khdng, cac ben vSn diu phai bdt bupc hda giai tai Uy ban nhan dan cip xa, nlu hda giai khdng thanh thi tuy trudng hprp: Trudng hpp duong sy cd giay chiing nhan quyin su dung dat hoac giay td hpp phap khac theo quy djnh tpi Dieu 100 Luat Dat dai nam 2013 thi se do Tda an nhan dan giai quyet;
cdn neu tranh chap ma duong sy khdng cd mpt trong cae giay td tren thi cd quyen giai quyet tai Uy ban nhan dan cap cd tham quyen hoac khdi kien ra Tda an theo Luat Td tung hanh chinh nam 2015... Day la co sd phap ly dac biet quan flpng trong thye hien quyen khieu nai, td cao, khdi kipn cua ca nhan, td chflc. Vi vay, viec thye hien khieu nai, td cao, khdi kien can phai tuan thu cae quy dinh phap luat ve van de nay, Tuy nhien, thyc tiln, ea nhan, td chflc khi thye hien quyen khieu nai, td cao, khdi kien va tham chi can bd, edng chuc giai quyet khiiu nai, td eao cd the ciing thyc hipn sai dan tdi ngudi dan khilu nai, td cao, khdi kien vuyt cap.
Theo sd lieu thdng ke ve thyc tiln giai quylt khieu nai, td cao, khdi kien cho thdy, trong tdng sd dem khieu nai thi dan vuat cap, sai tham quyen, khdng dung npi dung... chiem da sd va chu yeu la lien quan den linh vuc dat dai, ap gia bdi thudng, giai phdng mgt bang, tai djnh cu..., tinh trang nay tiep tuc cd chieu hudng gia tang. Nhu vay, cdng tac quan ly nha nudc va viec td chuc thyc hien chinh sach phap luat ve ddt dai cdn nhilu bit cdp;
chdt luang cdng tae giai quyet khiiu nai cdn ban che, vi pham quy djnh phap luat vl quy trinh, thu tuc, thdi hieu, thdi han va ap dyng phap luat &k giai quydt^.
Khieu kien, khieu nai, td eao vuprt cdp gay ra rdt nhieu van de ve ehinh tri, kinh te, xa hpi, an ninh
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trat hi. Ve chinh tri, nd anh hudng din quyin duoc tiep can cdng ly cua ngudi dan, din nilm tin cua nhan dan vao Dang, vao chinh quyin, dac biet la chmh quyen cap co sd. V i kinh tl, phdn Idn trudng hyp vugt cap nay la nhiing ngudi cd hoan canh kinh te khd khan, hieu biet vi cac quy djnh phap luat cdn h^n che, thyc hien khiiu kien, khilu nai vugt cap trong thdi gian dai khiln hp ngay cang hi ban cung hda... Ve xa hpi, khieu kipn, khieu nai, td cao vugt cap khdng dupe giai quyet dan din ngudi dan cd cam giac bi day ra ria xa hpi, quyen va lgi ieh hop phap cua hp khdng dugc giai quyet kip thdi, khdng dugc tdn trpng, gay ra bat man xa hdi ngay cang tang. Ben c ^ do, khieu kien, khieu nai vupt cap khdng dugc giai quyet hipu qua thudng dien ra flong thdi gian dai va ty tEip ddng ngudi dan tdi mat an mnh, trat tu, an toan xa hdi...
Nhihig ton tai nay la do nhieu nguyen nhan, nhung theo tae gia thi cd mdt sd nguyen nhan ehu yeu sau:
Thu nhdt, quy djnh phap luat, bao gdm ea phap luat ddt dai eiing nhu trong Luat Khieu nai, Luat Td cao va cac van ban quy pham phap lu^t lien quan cdn nhieu ban che, thieu sdt, chua dap iing dugc cac yeu cau cua Nha nudc phap quyen dat ra vdi phap luat (tinh toan dien, thdng nhdt, cdng khai, minh bach, kha thi, hieu qua, de hieu, dl tiep can, nhanh chdng, kip thdi, ehi phi thyc hipn thap, sy hai Idng cua ngudi dan...) ddn tdi khd khan trong viec thyc hien quyen khieu npi, td eao cua ngudi dan flen thuc tien.
v l eac quy djnh cua luat npi dung nhu; Luat Ddt dai nam 2013, Nghj dinh sd 43/2014/ND-CP ngay 15/5/2014 cua Chinh phu quy djnh ehi tiit thi hanh mpt sd dieu cua Luat Dat dai, Nghi dinh sd 47/2014/ND-CP ngay 15/5/2014 cua Chinh phu
quy djnh vl bdi thudng, hd flg, tai djnh eu khi Nha nudc thu hdi ddt, Nghi djnh sd 01/2017/ND-CP ngay 06/01/2017 eua Chinh phu sua ddi, bd sung mdt sd nghi djnh quy djnh chi tilt thi hanh Luat Dit dai..., cac van ban nay quy dinh qua nhieu lo^i thfl tuc, vdi thdm quyin, flinh ty, thdi ban, chi phi thyc hien chua rd rang, ehua dam bao tinh cdng khai, minh bach, dl hilu lam cho ca nhan, td chflc rdt khd khan khi tilp can thye hipn quyin cua minh. Vi dy: v l thdm quyin cdp gidy chung nhan quyin sfl dung dit idn diu vdi cdp ddi gidy chflng nhan quydn sfl dyng ddt cd sy khdng gidng nhau;
quy djnh tranh chdp dit dai hda giai tai Uy ban nhan dan cdp xa la bdt bupe, nhung khi hda giai thanh, eac ben khdng thyc hipn thi co chl giai quyit van chua dam bao tinh hidu qua, ban niia, ehua ed ca chl dl Uy ban nhan dan cdp xa that sy coi viee hda giai khdng chi la vide lam eho xong, ma cdn thyc hien hda giai tren tinh thdn thien ehi thuc sy dl bao dam quyin va lgi ich hgp phap cho ngudi dan.
v l cac quy djnh efla luat thu tuc thuc hipn khilu nai, td cao: De khieu nai mpt quyet djnh hanh chinh xam pham den quyen, lgi ich hgp phap cua minh, Luat Khieu nai nam 2011 quy djnh, ngudi dan phai khieu nai lan dau den ehinh ca quan ban hanh quyet djnh hanh chinh dd, thdi hieu khiiu nai la 90 ngay, ke tfl ngay nhan duge quyit djnh hanh chinh hoae biet dugc quyet dinh hanh chinh, hanh vi hanh chinh, tuy nhien, nhieu ngudi dan lai khdng nam dugc quy dinh nay d5n tdi qua thdi hieu, hg khdng the thyc hipn dugc quyin cua minh va khiiu nai len eo quan cap tren...
Thu hai, viec giai quylt khilu nai, td cao chirai dam bao tinh khach quan, edng khai, minh bach v ^ dan chu, nhanh chdng, kip thdi. Nhilu eo quan,j
Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt B l
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chu thd CO thdm quyin giai quyit khieu nai ISn dau cdn thiiu trach nhipm flong vipc giai quyet khieu npi, khdng giai quylt, giai quyet nhung keo dai hoac chua ap dung dung eac quy dinh de giai quyet khilu nai, td cao. Hon nua, khi nhan dxiifc don thu khilu nai, td cao, khdi kipn khdng thudc trach nhi^m giai quyit cua minh, do nhieu nguyen nhan nhu trinh dp chuyen mdn, nghiep vy cdn b^n che, thilu sy kit ndi, phdi hpp giua cac co quan cd flach nhiem hoac tiid o vd, cam da khdng hudng din di xay ra khieu n?i, td cao vugt cap.
Mat khae, dl dam bao viec giai quylt khieu nai duge diln ra dan chu, edng khai, minh bach, hipu qua, Dilu 30, Dilu 39 Luat Khilu nai nam 2011 da quy djnh ve td chiic ddi thoai. Ban chat eua ddi thoai Cling chinh la mpt bidn phap hda giai trong khudn khd cua phap luat ve khieu nai, td cao, nham gdp phan cung ed va tang cudng sy doan ket trong nhan dan, tranh ddi dau, ddi djch dan den ban thu^. Tuy nhien, quy djnh ve ddi tho^i tpi Luat Khieu nai nam 2011 da bdc Ip nhiing khd khan, vudng mac nhat djnh. Bdi vi, ngudi giai quyet khilu nai idn hai la Chu tjch Uy ban nhan dan cip huypn va chu yeu la Chu tjch Uy ban nhan dan cap tinh. Thyc te tai Ha Ngi nhiing nam qua, dgn khieu nai thupc tham quyen giai quyet lan hai ciia Chu tich Uy ban nhan dan Thanh phd la khoang 400 - 500 vu viec/nam, neu thye hipn ddi thoai theo Dilu 39 Luat Khiiu nai nam 2011 thi khd kha thi. Bdt cap nay da dugc Thdng tu sd 07/2013/TT-TTCP ngay 31/10/2013 cua Thanh tra Chinh phu quy djnh quy trinh giai quyet khieu nai hanh chinh va Thdng tu sd 02/2016/TT-TTCP ngay 20/10/2016 cua Thanh tra Chinh phu sua ddi, bd sung mpt sd dilu cua Thdng hr sd 07/2013/TT-TTCP thao go mpt phdn, theo dd, trong qua trinh giai quyet khieu
n^i idn hai, ngudi giai quylt khilu nai phai tien hanh ddi thoai (Dilu 21). Vdi quy djnh nhu vay, thii tnidng co quan dugc giao nhipm vy xac mmh khieu n^i cd thi giup ngudi giai quyet khieu nai to chflc doi thoai tt:ong qua trinh giai quyet khieu nai idn hai dam bao tmh khdch quan, ddn chu va vi muc tieu bdo ve quyin, lgi hgp phdp cho ngudi khilu nai. Mpc du vdy, fren thyc ti, viec td ehfle ddi thoai nay vdn mang tinh hinh thflc, chua giup giai quyet tript de do ngucri cd trach nhipm xdc minh tiln hdnh ddi thoai nhung khdng cd quyin gidi quylt khilu nai, cdn ngudi giai quyit khilu nai idn mpt ddi thoai lai rat eo hpp ve thdi gian se lam cham tiln dp giai quyet cac vu viec, dan den khilu nai, td cdo vupt cap.
Thu ba^ tinh trang khieu nai vugt edp diln ra phd biln xudt phat phdn \imtxty thflc phdp lu|t va nhan thflc efla ngudi dan. Cd the thdy, sd lugng don thu khieu nai, td eao sai Id rat Idn, nguyen nhdn cd the do hp bj oan sai thye sy, nhung vi nhieu ly do hoac thieu can cfl phap ly md quyen, lgi ich hgp phap efla hp khdng dam bao. Dac bipt, do nhilu ngudi dan hieu chua dung, ehua ddy du cdc quy djnh efla phap ludt, trong dd cd quy djnh v i ddt dai ciing nhu cac quy djnh phap lu|t vl khieu nai, td cao, khdi ki$n, dan din tinh trang khieu nai khdng dung tham quyen, khilu nai khi da hit thdi hipu khiiu nai... Hon nfla, tam l^ cdng gfli dan thu den nhieu co quan, cang gfli don din chinh quydn, thu trudng cdp tren cdng dugc giai quyet sdm dang lam ban che quyin ciia ngudi khieu nai.
Thu tu, cdng dan duge iam tdt ca nhung gi phdp luat khdng cim, cdn can bp, edng chflc chi dugc lam nhung gi phap lu?t eho phep. Theo dd viec thuc hipn khieu nai, to cao, khdi kien la quyin
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cua cdng dan, cdn viec giai quyit khilu nai cua cdn bd, cdng chiic phai thuc hien tren eo sd quy djnh cua phap ludt. Can bd, cdng chuc phdi thyc hipn diing chflc trach, nhiem vu, quyen h^n cua minh.
Trudng hgp neu cd khilu kipn vugt cap thi cac ehu thi ndy phdi cd trach nhidm giai thich cho cd nhdn, td chue khieu kipn biit va hudng dan hp gfli dan din diing co quan nha nude cd tham quyen de gidi quyet. Neu khdng thuc hien diing chue nang, nhipm vu cua minh thi can bd, cdng chflc se phdi chiu hach nhipm phap ly. Tuy nhien, phap ludt hien hanh dang thiiu chd tdi cu the trong viee xfl ly trach nhiem ddi vdi cac chu the nay, theo dd, co quan nha nudc, chu the cd tham quyen khi khdng diuc hien diing cdng vu trong gidi quyet khieu nai, to cao, xet xfl thi ehu yeu bi dp dyng eac hinh thflc lien quan den danh gia hodn thanh nhiem vu trong nam va muc ky luat cung chua tuong xung, viec xii ly traeh nhiem chua dugc hieu qud. Trong khi do, ddi vdi cd nhan, td chflc khieu nai, td cdo, phdp luat hipn hdnh quy dinh rdt ro ngudi khieu nai, td cao phai ehju trach nhiem trudc phdp luat ve ndi dung khiiu nai, td cao cua minh, tiiy theo mflc dp se phai chju trach nhiem phap ly dan sy, trach nhipm hanh chmh hoac trach nhiem hinh su.
Thu nam, cdng tac tuyen truyen, phd bien, giao dye phap luat ve dat dai, dac biet Id thu tuc hdnh chinh trong quan ly vd su dung dat va giai quyet khieu nai, td cao, khdi kien eua cdc co quan nhd nudc cd tham quyen (co quan tuyen truyen, phd bien phdp ludt, cdc van phdng luat su, cdc trung tdm trg giup phap ly, trung tdm tu van phap luat...) van cdn nhieu ban ehe. Vi dy, khi phdt hien ra viec khiiu nai cua ngudi dan la khdng cd co sd hoac da duoc giai quyet dflng quy dinh cua phap luat, nhung nhiiu trudng hgp ngudi tu van lai khdng
giai thich rd cho ngudi dan bilt dilu nay, thdm chi vdn nhan ldi giai quylt, nhung khdng the giai quylt dugc... khiin ngudi dan hoang mang.
2. Gidi phap nSng cao hipu qua giai quyet khieu nai, to cdo virot cAp trong Hnh vu-c dat dai Mgt Id, cdn nghien cuu hodn thien quy dinh phdp lu^t ddt dai, ciing nhu quy djnh phap luat ve gidi quylt khilu nai, td cdo. Tren ca sd hoan thien quy hoach, k l hoach su dyng dat theo hudng dai han, dn dinh, Nhd nudc se qudn ly ddt dai dua tren quy hoach, flanh thu tuc rudm ra, phuc tap, dnh hudng din hieu qua thyc Men quyin sfl dyng ddt eua ngudi dan. Theo do, loai bd hot cdc thu tyc hanh chinh trong qudn ly va sfl dyng ddt khdng can thilt; nhiing thu tyc qudn ly va sfl dyng dat dugc giu lai cdn don gidn hda, cdng khai, minh bach, ro rdng tu dieu kien thuc hien quyen, tham quyen, trinh tu, thu h^c, thdi gian thye hien cho ddn chi phi thyc hien. Cdc quy dinh nay can phai dam bdo tinh thdng nhat, ddng bp, cdng khai, minh bach, de hieu, de tiep can, chi phi thyc hien thdp.
Hai Id, de eao tinh than thugng tdn phap luat.
Khi giai quyet khieu nai, td cdo, co quan, ngudi cd thdm quyen can tudn thu dung chflc nang, nhiem vu eua minh phu hgp vdi nguyen tdc efla nha nudc phdp quyen; bao dam quyen con ngudi trong gidi quyet. Theo do, can bd, cdng chflc cdn phai gidi quylt nhung cdng viec thudc chflc nang, nhiem vu cua minh nhanh chdng, kip thdi dung thdi ban, dam bao quyen va lgi ich hgp phap cho ngudi khiiu nai, td cao, trong do cd khilu nai, td cao vl dat dai. Ben canh dd, can ban chi tdi da nhung sai pham flong boat ddng cua can bd, cdng chflc, dac biet la cip co sd noi giai quyit khilu nai idn ddu;
khac phuc thdi quan lieu, efla quyin, hach dich, vd cam trong giai quylt khiiu nai, td cao. Xu ly
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nghiem can bd, cdng chflc khdng thyc hien diing chuc nang, nhiem vy, quyin han ciia minh. Ngodi ra, ben canh viec khen thudng can bp, cdng chuc hodn thanh xuat sac cdng viec, cdn dp dyng triet de cac quy djnh ve ky ludt cdng vy, tiiy theo mflc dp vi pham cd thi xem xet dp dyng cd trach nhipm hdnh chmh, trdch nhipm hinh sy va flach nhipm bdi thudng thiet hai. Van dung cdc yiu td, quy luat cua kinh te thi trudng vao cdi each hanh chinh, xay dung mdt nen hdnh chinh vi ddn phuc vu^.
Ba la, can xdy dyng va thyc hien van hda cdng vy. Co quan nha nudc cd tham quyen cdn td chuc cdc budi tap hudn, cae eupc thi ve chuyen mdn nghipp vy va van hda flng xfl cua cdng ehfle, van hda tiep dan theo hudng thyc chdt; xdy dyng nln hdnh chmh phyc vu, gdp phdn thuc hipn cd hipu luc, hieu qua cdc thu tyc hanh chinh trong quan ly vd sfl dyng dat ciing nhu gidi quylt khilu nai, to cao. Ben canh dd, phat huy vai trd cua truyen thdng bdo chi frong thiic ddy thyc hien van hda cdng vy nhu ca nggi guong ngudi tdt, viec tdt, len dn cdc hdnh vi l$ch chuan dao due cdng vu, h i ^ g toi xay dyng nen hanh chinh phuc vu.
B6n Id, flng dung cdng nghe thdng tin, dac biet la thanh tyu efla Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 trong
xay dyng Chinh phfl dipn tu; thuc hien cac thu tye hdnh chinh va gidi quylt khilu nai, td cao. Co quan, td chflc cd thdm quyin cdn phdi xdy dyng, thyc hien nghiem hic cdc quy trinh nghiep vy ve tiep nhan, xfl ly vd giai quylt khilu nai, td cao theo hudng dan gian hda, gidm ddu mdi, bdo dam tinh nhanh chdng, kjp thdi; cdng bd cdng khai, minh bach ve quy trinh ndy, tham chi thyc hipn tiep nhdn xu ly hd so giai quyit tranh chdp, khilu n^i, td cdo lien quan den dat dai qua cdc cdng thdng tin dien tfl va cd CO che gidm sdt chat ehe cdn bp, edng chflc xfl ly cdc hd so de ddm bdo edng viec dupe gidi quyet hieu qud^. Thuc hien dugc dieu nay se giup tiet kidm chi phi, thdi gian, edng sue, nhimg van bao dam quyen va lgi ich hgp phap cho ngudi ddn, trdnh duge khieu nai, td cao ddng ngudi.
Nam Id, ben eanh co chi truyln thdng nhu gidm sat tu ca quan dan cfl, cua thanh tra hdnh chinh... thi edn phdt huy tdi da vai frd eua td chuc xa hdi, truyen thdng bdo chi vd ngudi dan trong phdt hien hdnh vi ciia chfl thi khdng thyc hien dung chflc nang, nhiem vy, quyin ban cua minh.
Thyc tien eho thdy, gidm sdt xa hpi cd vai fld dac biet quan flgng trong phat hipn cdc vi pham tfl phia cdng quyen •
1. Xem Dieu 7 Lugt Khieu ngi ndm 2011.
2. Xem tir Diiu 12 din Dieu 17 Lugt To cdo nam 2011.
3. Xem: Hodi Nam, Gia tdng khieu nai vu0 cdp. Nguon: hitp//www.sggp.org.vn/gia-tang-khieu-nai-vuol-cap- 360608.html.
4. Xem: Doi thoai trong gidi quyet khiiu ngi, td cdo. Nguon: http://moj.gov.vn/qt/tintuc/Pages/thong-tin- khac.aspx?ltemlD=678.
5. Xem: Vgn dmg cdc quy lugt, yiu to cua kinh te thi trudng vdo thuc hi?n cdi cdch hdnh chinh nhd nude - gidi phdp quan trgng de xdy dung thdnh cdng chinh phu kien tgo a Viet Nam hi^n nay Bin Due Hiin, Muc l^c Ky yeu Hgi thdo qudc ti 'Xdy dymg chinh phu kiin tgo, liem chinh trong qud Oinh day mgnh cong nghidp hda. hi$n dgi hoa ddt nu&c vd hgi nhgp qudc te " (Hd Ngi, ngdy 05/4/2018).
6. TkifC te cho thdy mgt so ca quan nhu hdi quan, thue, xuat nhgp cdnh dp dung gidi quyit rdt hi$u qud
