Mghien ciiu - Trao doi
ThS Nguy§n Thj Nga Thu vien trudng Dai hoc Hd Noi Neu rd tdm quan trong cua viic trang bi kien thuic thdng tin cho sinh viin. Cung cip cdc so lieu khdo sat ve su hieu biet cua sinh vien trudng Dai hoc Hd Ndi ve kiin thiic thdng tin. Di cdp din cdc khd khdn, thudn Igi trong viec phdt trien kien thiic thdng tin cho sinh viin vd cdch gidi quyet cu the vdn dk nay ciia Thu viin nhd trudng.
1. Tinh cap thiet ciia viec trang bi cho sinh vien i^ien thuc thong tin.
Kien thiic thdng tin (KTTT) 14 khai niem dugc dinh nghia khac nhau va con kha mdi me trong hoat dong Thdng tin-Thu vien (TT-TV) tai Viet Nam.
Theo Hiep hoi Thu vien Hoa Ky (ALA):
KTTT la kha nang nhan biet nhu ciu thong tin cia ban than, ciing nhu kha nang xac dinh, danh gia va sii dung hieu qua thong tin tim dugc [1].
Ngay nay, KTTT khdng cdn 14 van de rieng cua nganh TT-TV ma trd thanh van de cap thiet trong the ky XXI, dac biet 14 trong llnh vuc giao due. Mot each khai quat, KTTT tao ra kha nang tot hgn de nhan biet nhu ciu thong tin, khai thac va su dung thdng tin mot each hieu qua.
Tren the gidi dang diln ra qua trinh hinh thanh "xa hdi thdng tin toan ciu"
Cung vdi su phat trien manh me cua khoa hoc cdng nghe la su bting nd thdng tin, la ky nguyen eiia nIn kinh te tri thuc.
Trong nen kinh te n4y, tri thiic va thong tin trd thanh luc lugng san xua't true tiep.
quyet dinh su phat trien ciia xa hdi.
Thdng tin khong chi cung cap tri thirc de nhan biet va nim bit quy luat phat trien kinh te - xa hdi ma con khoi day kha- nang sang tao ciia con ngugi [2].
Sinh vien hien dang dugc hpc tap trong mdi trudng giao due rpng md, Iinh hoat, hp trg thanh trung tam ciia qua trinh day v4 hoc. Hp chii dong tiep nhan tri thuc va sang tao ra tri thiic mdi. Viec trang bi cho sinh vien nhung kien thuc CO ban ve KTTT trd nen ngay c4ng quan trpng, nd giup cho hp chu ddng tie'p can cac ngudn thdng tin, tri thiic mdi thdng qua cac kha nang xac dinh nhu ciu tin, danh gia va sii dung thdng tin mdt each hieu qua.
2. Thiic trang kien thiic thong tin ciia sinh vien
De hieu rd thue trang n4y, mot cupc khao sat bing phieu danh gia da dugc tien hanh vdi su tham gia ciia 170 sinh vien. Trong so 170 phieu girt vl cd 01 phieu khdng hgp le. Phan mem Thdng ke dii lieu xa hdi hpc (SPSS- Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) da
THONG TIN va TU' LIEU - 2/2013
mgnien cuu - a rao uu.
dugc sii diang de thdng ke va phan lich cac du- lieu nhim rut ra nhOng danh gia eg ban vl thuc trang, nhu ciu dupe hudng din KTTT cua sinh vien. Cae kel qua khao sat cu the nhu sau.
2.1. Thuc trang ky ndng tim kiem thdng tin:
Miic dp tim kilm thdng tin phuc vu cho qua trinh hpc tap, nghien ciiu va cac ngudn tim kiem thdng tin (xem Bang 1).
Biing 1: Muc dd vd cdc nguon tim kiem thdng tin Miic dp va nguon tim kiem thong tin
Muc do tim kiem thong tin
Cac ngudn tim kiem TT it khi Thinh thoang Thudng xuycn Tdng Thu vien Internal- CSDL Mua Nguon khac Tong
So lupng 1 40
128 169 17 148 4 0 169
Ty le (%) 0,6 23,7 75,7 100 10,1 87,6 2,4 0 100.0 Bang 1 cho tha'y, 75,7% sinh vien
thuong xuyen tim kiem thdng tin, 141 lieu; 23,7% - thinh thoang mdi thuc hien; v4 chi 0,6% - it khi tim kiem thdng tin, 141 lieu. Nhu vay, tinh thin chii ddng hpc tap cua sinh vien trugng Dai hoc Ha Ndi rat cao. Chinh su nang ddng, chu ddng tie'p can ngudn tin ciia sinh vien da tao thuan Igi cho can bd thu vien khi trien khai d4o tao KTTT cho sinh vien. Sinh vien da cd hieu biet ve KTTT kha vihig vang, neu duac trang hi ky nang thdng tin hp se d l dang tie'p can ngudn thdng tin phuc vu nhu cau hpc tap. Day cOng chinh 14 muc tieu dao tao ngudi diing tin cua thu vien: tao thdi quen chii ddng tim
kiem thdng tin, tai lieu tir cac ngudn khac nhau cho hoc tap, nghien ciru.
Bang 1 cung cho thay, xu hudng sii dung ngudn thdng tin dien tii cua ngudi diing tin ngay e4ng tang. 87,6% sinh vien tim kiem thdng tin, tu li$u tii Internet va cac CSDL, chi 10,1% - tir thu vien. Day chinh 14 van dl thu vien cin nghien ciiu va dua ra giai phap nhim khuyen khich hon nQa thdi quen su dung ngudn tai lieu dien tu, t4i lieu sd. Tuy nhien, song song vdi viec phat trien ngudn tai lieu dien til, cin quan tam phat trien ngudn tin tren giay mdt each cd trpng tam, chat lugng cao nhim dap inig nhu can ngay c4ng cao cOa ngudi ddng.
26 THONG TIN v a Ty LIEU - 2/2013
ijQUuivii uuu ' (iiau uut
^^47-'
2.2. Cong cu vd cdc chikc ndng cua cong cu tim kiem thong tin Bang 2: Cdng cu vd chiic ndng tim kiem thong tin Cong cu va chuc nang
Cac cong cu tim kiem
Chiic nang tim kiem
Google Allavisla Vinaseek May khac Tim don gian Tim nang cao Tim khac
SiiluoTig 166 1 2 0 97 72 0
Ty le (%) 98,2 0,6 1,2 0,0 57,4 42,6 0,0 Tu Bang 2 co the thay, 98,2% sinh
vien sir dung cong cu tim kiem Google, 57,4% - su dung chuc nang tim kiem don gian, 42,6% su dung chiic nang tim kiem nang cao. Nhu vay, miic dp chenh lech giiia kha nang tim kiem don gian va nang cao khi su dung cac cong cu tim tin cua sinh vien kh6ng Ion. Dieu nay cang
giiip khang dinh them mot lan nOa, rang sinh vien truong Dai hpc Ha Noi It nhi6u da CO dutrc KTTT.
2.3. Thuc trang ky ndng danh gid, sit dung thong tin
Kha nang danh gia thong tin va trich dan tai lieu tham khao.
Bang 3: Danh gid thong tin vd trich dan tdi lieu tham khdo Tieu chi danh va miic dp trich din tai lieu
Tieu chi khi danh gia thong tin ciia sinh vien
Mire do trich din tai lieu tham khao
Noi dung Ten tai lieu Ten tac gia Nam xuat ban Nha xu^I ban Khong hgp le Tpng so Co trich din Doi khi khong trich dan Khong trich din Khdng hgp le Tong
So luOTlg 101 50 3 6 2 7 169 106 61 1 1 169
Ty le (%) 59,8 29,6 1,8 3,6 1,2 4,1 100,0 62,7 36,1 0,6 0,6 100,0%
De danh gia thdng tin mdt each khai quat nhat cin dua ra nhtrng tieu chi lien quan tdi thdng Un, t4i lieu dd. Tra Idi cau hdi: "Nhiing tieu chi nao sau day ban
cho la quan trpng trong viec danh gia thdng tin, tai lieu ban tim dugc?", 59,8%
sinh vien cho rang ndi dung tai lieu 14 quan trong nhit, 29,6% - sir dung ten t4i
THONG TIN va TU'LIEU - 2/2013
jjyiiicii L.UU I
lieu de danh gia nguon thdng tin tim dugc, 3,6% - coi nam xuat ban la quan trpng. Su danh gia se chinh xac va diy d i neu dugc tien h4nh ket hgp theo nhieu tieu cbl khac nhau.
Ket qua kliao sat viec trich dan t4i lieu tham khao nhu sau: 62,7% sinh vien thuc hien Irich din tai lieu tham khao khi
2.4. Nhu cau tham dukhod hoc KTTT Bang 4: Nhu cau
sii dung y tugng, ngdn tir, cau chtr ciia ngudi khac v4 36,1% ddi khi khdng trich din. Dilu nay cho phep khang dinh: qua trinh sii dung thdng tin eua sinh vien cdn chua chuyen nghiep, it nhilu da vi pham dao due khoa hpe, neu khdng dugc hudng dan cu the hp se trii thanh nhung ngudi "dao van".
tham du lap Kill Nhu ciu
Nhu clu tham du Idp KTTT
'i'kien Co
Quyet dinh sau Khdng Tong
S() lutrng 94 60 15 169
Ty le (%) 55,6 35,5 8,9 100,0 Nhu cau tham du lap tap huan KTTT
dugc thd'ng ke la: 55,6% cd nhu cau va.
35,5% se quyet djnh sau. Nhu vay, can bd thu vien ndi chung va ngucri true tiep thuc hien trien khai KTTT cho sinh vien ndi rieng cin xay dung chien luge phat trien phu hgp, chuan bi ky ndi dung cin hudng din, xac dinh loai ky nang sinh vien mudn dugc hudng din. Tranh hudng din lai nhung ky nang sinh vien da biet thanh thao. Ben canh dd, cin cd bien phap thu hut sinh vien tim hieu, hpc hdi, hieu biet vl KTTT mot each rpng rai;
hudng sinh vien vao cae ky nang tu hpc, tu ren luyen bing each cung cap cho hp eac ky nang tim kiem, danh gia v4 sii dung thdng tin mot each hieu qua nhat.
3. Phat trien kien thiic thong tin cho sinh vien
3.1. Nhiing thudn Igi:
Dac trung cua sinh vien trudng Dai hpe Ha Ndi 14 kha nang ngoai ngti tot.
nang ddng, hudng ngoai, nhanh nhay voi cai mdi, kien thiie mdi va xu hugng vadi dang dien ra tien the gidi.
Dugc Ban giam hieu nh4 trudng va lanh dao Thu vien ung hp, hoat dong dao tao ngudi diing tin cua Thu vien dugc tien h4nh dIu dan, thudng ky vj dat hieu qua cao. Viec trien khai tap huan KTTT cho sinh vien khdng chi 14m thay ddi chat lugng, phuong phap cua cac Idp tap huan ngudi dung tin cua Thu vien, ma cdn gdp phin khing dinh vai trd cua Thu vien trong viec hpc tap, nghien ciiu ciia sinh vien, giao vien va can bd nghien ciiu.
Thu vien trudng Dai hpc H4 Ndi duoc sinh vien coi la "giang dudng thii hai"
ciia minh. Vdi nhung thuan Igi ve trang thie't bi hien dai, ngudn t4i Ueu phong phti, da dang va dpi ngu can bd ire, nang ddng, nhiet tinh, ham hpc hdi, Thu vien da budc diu dap ling nhu ciu ciia ngudi dung tin.
THONG TIN v a Ty LIEU - 2/2013
ij\jyniuit uuu - ^tttu uui
3.2. Nhiing khd khan:
- Ngudi 14m quan ly, lanh dao chua thue su quan tam, chu-a dl ra chinh sach rd r4ng cho viec phat trien KTTT cho sinh vien ngay khi nhap hpc,
- Sinh vien chua dugc phd bien rpng rai ve KTTT, chua dugc hudng din cu thi, he thdng vl cac ky nang tu hoc, tu nghien ciiu.
Viec trien khai KTTT cho sinh vien trong qua trinh hpc tap, nghien ciiu chu-a nhan duoc su ddng thuan giua giao vien va can bo thu vien.
Bang 5.- Ndi dung chuong trinh
- Can bd thu vien, mac dii ca ban dap ling nhu ciu cdng viec, vin bj han che vl trinh dp ngoai ngu, tin hpc.
3.3. Hinh thiic hudng ddn KTTT cho sinh viin:
Thu vien trudng Dai hoc Ha Ndi hien dang song song td chiic hai hinh thiic hudng din KTTT cho sinh vien:
- Ldng ghep v4o ehugng trinh mdn Tin hpc CO ban, thdi lugng 5 tiet.
- To chuc lap hpc tu nguyen, miln phi tai Thu vien cho 10 sinh vien trd len/ldp.
hudng ddn KTTT cho sinh viin Hoat dong
Hoat ddng J 3 phut Hoat dong 2 7 phut Hoat dong 3 30 phut (5 phiit/buac) Hoat dong 4 45 phut Nghi gidi lao 30 phut Hoat dong 5 Sphiit
Hoat dong 6 30 phut
Hoat dong 7 25 phut
Noi dung - Can bo huang din tu gioi thieu - Noi ro muc dich va yeu cau cua lop hoc - Gioi thieu ngi dung bai hoc
- Trinh bay khai niem "kien thiic thong tm"
- Vai tro cua KTTT trong thai dai khoa hpc cong nghe phat tnen hien nay
- Trinh bay 6 buoc cua qua trinh nghien ciiu (The Big 6 steps) (kem vi du minh hoa cho tiing buac)
- Thuc hanh (m6i smh vien hoac nhora ducvc phat yeu chi thuc hanh, ap dung The big 6 steps trong giai quyet van de) - Giao vien huong din thuc hanh
- Gidi thieu ph&n mem Endnote (tinh ndng, file huang ddn cai dat,...)
Diing Endnote de tao Danh muc tai lieu tham khao (TLTK) - Buoc ]: Nhap lieu trong Endnote
- Buac 2: Chen TLTK tii Endnote vao file Word - Buot 3: Trinh bay Danh muc TLTK theo mSu s^n ( APA.
Harvard,...)
• Thuc hanh (mdi sinh vien lam mot bdi thuc hanh tren may tinh) Ghi chu
THONG TIN v a TU LIEU - 2/2013
mgnien cuu - iiiau uui _^
4. Ket luan
Dugc biet, sii dung thu vien trudng hpe se mang lai tam lai ich then chd't ho tro viec giang day va hpc tap th4nh cdng, dd 14: hinh thanh mdi trudng hoc tap kieu mdi; cung cip nhung kinh nghiem hpc tap da dang; hd trg viec phat trien ky nang mdt each cd he thdng; cung cap diem truy cap tdi nhieu ngudn thdng tin khae nhau; khuyen khich v4 hd trg viec hpc tap; tao eg hdi tie'p can chuong trinh hpe mdt each binh ding; nang cao su tu tin va kha nang hpc
tap ddc lap ciia sinh vien; v4 cung cap dich vu hudng nghiep [3], Ciing vdi sir thay ddi vai trd cua thu vien trudng dai hoe d Viet Nam, trach nhiem cua can bp thu vien trudng Dai hpc H4 Ndi cang cao hon, nhung vdi tam buyet cua minh, su ung hd ciia lanh dao, su cdng tac cua giang vien v4 ngudi sH dung, viec tich hgp va trien khai KTTT trong qua trinh giang day v4 hpc tap chic chin se thinh cdng, chit lugng dao tao ciia nh4 trudng nhd vay se dupe nang cao.
Tai l i e u thant k h a o
1. American Library Association (1989), Presidential Committee on Information Litera- cy: Final Report. American Libraiy Association Website.[Cited: October 3, 2009.]
http://vwwv.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/publica- tions/whitepapers/presidential.cfm.
2. ILene, F.Rockman (2004), Intergrating
information literacy in to the higher education curriculum. San Francisco : Jossey Bass.
3. Vu Tfii Nha (2009), Suthay ddi vai tin ciia thu vien trudng hoc ciia Viet Nam. Mang thong tin thu vien Viet Nam.[Cited: August 9, 2009.]
http://vietnamlib.net.
Neu ban muon
• Thuc hien cac dich vy lir vgn vi^ thu viiSn.
• ThieL ke va x§y dirtig cac he Lhong phuc vu va trgj giiip ihong Un trong cac iTnh \-uc Khoa hpc Cong nghiSp, Thucng mai, Dich vy. D^o tao;
• Mo cac lop dao Lao va c^p chimg chi v€ nghiep vu thdng Lin. thu vi$n va Un hpc tu lieu;
• Bl<Sn soan va dich cac lai lieu ve phuong phap vii nghiep vu trong cac Iinh vuc thdng tin, tu lieu.
thu vien...
'^Cuftifyt^^udi'cAtin^tdi'tAeo'^ui'cAic TRUNG TflM TIN HOC VA DRO TftO c u e THONQ TIN KH&CN QUdC CIS 24 L\ Thuwng Kiel, Ha \ « i - Dien thoai; 04 38246324
E-mail: hanhntigvisia gov vn
THONG TIN va TU LIEU - 2/2013
