E N CCIO - TRAO DOI
Thu hut von FDI the he m6i tCr Lien minh chau Au
trong boi canh cua Hiep djnh EVIPA
Btll QUY THCIAN' NGUYIN DOY E)6NG"
Trong bd'i eanh h0i nh$p kinh te quSTc td'sau r0ng, Vi^t Nam da hoan tS't dam phan va ky k^t vdi Lidn minh chSu Au (EU) Hi$p dinh Bao h$ d i u ttf gitfa EU va Vidt Nam (EVIPA). DSy la hi$p dinh bao hO din ttf quan trpng eua EU ky v ^ mdt ntfdc dang phat tri^n nhtf Vidt Nam. Vdi vide thdng qua hi^p dinh EVIPA, Vidt Nam ky vong se thu hut dtfdc nguSn vd'n chS't Itf^g cao ttf EU theo dinh htfdng thu hut vd'n diu ttf trtfc tid'p ntfdc ngoai (FDI) thd'h^ mdi cua Vidt Nam trong giai doan tdi. Bai vid't phSn tich thtfc trang thu hut vd'n FDI ttf EU vao Vi^t Nam, ttf do dd xuSit mdt sd' giai phap co tinh kha thi trong bd'i canh Hidp dinh EVIPA cd hidu Itfc.
THl/C TRANG THU HUT VON FDI TL/ EU VAO VIETNAM
Thu hfit vd'n FDI la mgt trong nhifng rfu tidn trong qud trinh chuydn ddi ndn kinh td' va hdi nhdp kinh td' qudc td cfia Vidt Nam kd trf khi dd't nrfdc doi mdi va md cfira (nam 1986). Quan hd ngoai giao giffa EU va Vidt Nam drfdc thidt lap tff thdng 10/1990, drfa Viet Nam trd thanh mgt trong nhifng ddi tdc chinh cfia EU tai khu vrfc Ddng Nam A. EU c6 tidm Irfc kinh td, mrfc dau ttf FDI Idn vd trinh dd cdng nghd cao, da trd thanh ddi tdc quan trgng efia Viet Nam, dae biet hdn la trong bd'i eanh nen kinh te sd hda vd cugc Cach mang Cdng nghiep 4.0 dang didn ra manh me. Mrfc vd'n FDI vd ITnh vrfc drf dn ddu trf cfia EU vdo Vidt Nam ed srf tdng gidm vd dich chuyen theo eae giai doan phdt trien kinh Id' - xa hdi cfia dat nrfdc va qud'c le, cu thd:
Vdn FDI cua EU vao Vidt Nam giai doan 1990-2000 Cdc nrfdc thudc EU da ddu ttf vdo Vidt Nam ngay tff nhfllig ngdy ddu khi ntfdc ta ban hdnh Luat Dau ttf ntfdc ngodi vao Viet Nam (12/1987). Trong 15 ntfde thdnh vidn EU, ed 4 ntfdc d giai doan ndy khdng cd dtf dn FDI tai Viet Nam Id: Tdy Ban Nha. Bd Ddo Nha, Hy Lap va Ireland. Phan Lan chi ed mdt dtf dn xdy dtfng can hg cho thud tai Ha Ngi va da bi rfit giay phep vdo thdng 07/1997 do khdng trien khai. Do vay d thdi diem ndm 2000, EU chi eon 10 qudc gia dau ttf FDI vao Viet Nam. Tuy nhien trong giai doan ndy, so'Itfdng drf dn FDI cd'p mdi va quy md vdn dang kJ trdn dtf' dn efia cdc nrfdc EU ludn tang nhanh qua cdc ndm. Nd'u nam 1990, cdc nrfdc EU chi c6 15 drf an FDI drfdc cd^p
mdi, flii ddn nam 1995 sd drf dn FDI drfdc cd'p mdi da Id 107 vd nam 1996 Id 105 dtf dn. Lrfdng vdn FDI ddng kJ theo dd cung tang manh, vdn ddng ky trf EU dd tdng trf 166,960 ttidu USD ndm 1988 ldn 1.098 tridu USD vdo nam 1997. Ddn ndm 2000, vdn dang kJ FDI trf EU vdo Viet Nam da CO srf gia tang dot bid'n do ludng FDI tff Hd Lan tang Idn tdi 20% vd Anh eung gia tdng vdn FDI dang kJ. Tinh ehung ddn ngay 28/02/2000, 10 qudc gia trong EU da cd 317 drf dn ddu trf trrfc tidp drfdc cdp gid'y phdp, vdi sd' vd'n ddu trf ddng ky Id hdn 5.356 trieu USD, chiem 10,9% tdng sd drf an va 12,7% vd tdng vdn FDI tai Viet Nam (Bdng 1).
Vdi vide cdi thidn mdi trrfdng ddu trf, thd hidn qua Ludt Ddu trf nrfdc ngoai tai Vidt Nam (11/1996), cung nhrf cae chinh sach thu hfit ddu ttf edi md da tao ra cd hgi mdi dd'i vdi cdc nha ddu ttf ntfdc ngodi ndi chung, cae nha dau ttf EU ndi ridng.
Trong mdi quan hd vdi Vidt Nam, luong vd'n FDI cfia EU giai doan ndy tdp trung chfi ydu vao cdc hoat ddng xay difng va bd't ddng sdn (nhifng ITnh vtfc nhdn dtfqfc nhieu vdn dau trf vdo Viet Nam thdi ky nay). Mgt phdn vdn FDI ddng kd cfia EU tap trung chu ydu vao ngdnh cdng nghidp che bidn - mdt ngdnh tao ra cdc sdn phdm ndng nghidp cd gid tri gia tdng
' ThS., " TS., Hoc vien Chinh sach va Phat ttien
36
a Viet Nam (Bdng 2). Cac ngdnh nghd tif drf an FDI cfia EU da gop phdn gifip Viet Nam cd drfdc nhffng ngdnh nghd mdi vd ddi ngu lao dOng chuydn nghidp thudn tiiuc ky ndng.
Vd'n FDI cua EU vao Vi^t Nam giai doan 2001-2019
Giai doan 2001-2019 cho thd'y, srf tang giam Ihd^t thtfdng cfia cdc dtf dn FDI trf EU vdo Vidt Nam. Cu thi: trf 2002 ddn 2004, trong khi vd'n dang ky trf cdc ntfdc khde vao Vidt Nam tang chdm, thi vd'n trf EU lai gidm manh theo xu hrfdng chung ddu trf ra the gidi cfia cd khu vtfe ndy.
FDI cfia EU vdo Vidt Nam chid'm trf ttdn 40% tdng FDI dang ky vao Vidt Nam giai doan 1998-1999 giam xud'ng chi cdn 16,8% giai doan 2002-2004.
Ndm 2005, ddnh dau stf hdi phuc ttd Iai cfia ddng vdn FDI tif EU vdo Vidt Nam vdi mrfc vdn dat 1,7 ty USD. Ndm 2008, mac du dau ttf tff EU bat ddu sut gidm do suy thodi kinh te, song FDI dang kJ sang Viet Nam vin lang 2,6 ty USD fl-tfdc khi sut gidm manh nam 2009 vd tdng nhanh ttd lai ttong ndm 2010, cung Id ndm cao nhd't tff tttfdc dd'n nay (2,61^ USD).
Trf nam 2011 dd'n nay, ddng vdn FDI trf EU cd xu htfdng giam nhe va chdm lai do tae dgng efia khung hoang tai chinh - kinh id todn cdu. Tinh luy kd de'n thdng 04/2019, EU Id dd'i tae ddu ttf Idn tiirf ttf tai Vidt Nam vdi 2.244 dtf dn cdn hieu life, tdng vd'n dang kJ Id 24,67 l^ USD, ttfdng dtfdng 7,6% tdng vd'n FDI vdo Vidt Nam. Tuy nhidn, gid tri trung binh cfia cdc dtf dn FDI do EU dau ttf trfdng ddi nhd (il,02 ttidu USD), thd'p hdn so vdi mat bang ehung (12,4 tridu USD). Quy md dtf dn FDI efia cae ddi tde EU ed stf khdc bidt ldn, nhtfng hau bet ddu ed quy md nhd tff 1-5 fl-idu USD ho$c dtfdi 1 ttidu USD. Cdc nhd ddu ttf EU da cd mat lai hdu bet cdc ngdnh kinh te' quan ttgng cfia Viet Nam, cdc dtf dn dau ttf eua EU cd ham Irfdng vd ty Id chuydn giao cdng nghg cao, phrfdng phdp qudn IJ tidn tidn, ddng gdp ddng ke vdo tdng tttfdng kinh td cfia Vidt Nam.
Nhin nh§n nhiTng v^'n dd trong thu hut FDI ttf EU vao Viet Nam
Theo sd lidu tfl Cue Ddu ttf ntfde ngodi, Bd Kd' hoach vd Ddu ttf, FDI tfl EU vao Vigt Nam tinh luy kd dd'n hd't thdng 4/2019 cd mdt sdddc didm: trong 27/28 nrfdc EU (trff Croatia) trfng ddu
I
trrfc tidp tai Vidt Nam, cdc nrfdc ddu. . .
BAMG 1: TdwG H0P CAC Dtf AM FDI DA CAP PHEP COA EO vAO VIET THEO QaOC GIA (TJMH DEN NGAY 28/02/2000)
Dan vi linh: l.OOO.Ot
^ T T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Ntfdc d i o trf ^ Phap
LHAnh m t a n CHLB DlTc Thuy Dien Dan Mach Bl Italia Luxembourg Ao Phin Lan T^ngkhS'iEU Ty trong EU/T^ng s^FDI vao VN (%) Tdng s6 FDI vSo Viet Nam
141 39 46 37 8 6 12 13 10 4 1 317
44.48 12.30 14,51 11,67 2,52 1,89 3,79 4,10 3,15 1,26 0,32 100 10,9 2.906
M
2.171.81.299,8 859.6 374.5 372,8 112.5 66.8 63.0 30.0 5,35 0,08 5.356,2
.«z ^»™
40,55 24,27 16,06 6,99 6,96 2,10 1,25 1,18 0,56 0,10 0,002 100 12,7 42.242,3
1.270,8 938,4 661,5 143,2 357,8 70,0 26,5 22,3 13,9 2,8 0,08 3.457,1 17,7 19.523,5
Va'nTH 587,5 923,3 674.5 107.6 99,9 51,3 79,2 25,2 11,4 2,3
2.562,3 14,9 17.150,3
2
BANG 2: FDI COA EtJ VAO V I | T NAM PHAN THEO MGANH (TINH TCf Pi 01/01/1998 D^N 31/12/1999)
Dan vi tlnh: l.OOO.Ol STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
JH. ChuySn ng&nh C6ng nghiep nang C6ng nghiep del kim Cong nghiep nhe Cong nghiep Ihifc pham Nflng - L3m nghigp Kh^ch san - Du lich Dich vu
Xay dung van phong, ci^a hitng Giao thong van tai - Bitu di€n xay dtmg
V5nh6a-Yte-Giiioduc T&i chinh - Ngan hang NgJnhkhic TONGsfi
St DA
55 7 33 16 26 17 22 8 13 17 15 9 1 240
% s o
vay.
22,92 2,92 13,75 6,67 10.83 7,08 9,17 3.33 5.42 7.08 6.25 3.75 0.83 100
TSng VDT 633.1 292.1 86,5 299,7 578,2 407,2 98.5 234.3 1.318,9 177,8 54,3 172,1 26,4 4.379,8
% s o vffij;
14,33 6,61 1,96 6,78 13,08 9,21 2,23 5,30 29,84 4,02 1,23 3,89 1,52 100
V6'n TH 162,3 649,4 55,7 120,0 194,4 182,8 6,9 63.0 166.5 16.0 20.7 165.1 51.7 1.854.7
2
MguOn: So lieu t6ng hop theo CMC Dku ttf ntfdc ngoai. Bo Ke hoach va an, 9,5 tJ USD vdn ilang ky); Anh (363 diJ an, 5,9 t^
USD); PMp (543 iJif an, 3,6 ty USD); Luxembourg (47 dvf in, 2,4 ty USD); BiJc (326 dii an, 2 ty USD); BI (70 du in, 1 ty USD). DSu tU tit cac ddi tic nSy chidm tt5i 89,96% tong dang ky FDI cua EU vao Vidt Nam.
Didu nky cho thay, dit dia de thu hiit FDI tir cic ddi tac truydn thdng, ciing nhu cdc ddi tac mdi trong EU con tudng ddi Idn.
Vd Iinh VLtc diu tti, EU da dau tu vao 18/21 ng^nh theo h$ thdng phan ngjtnh kinh td qudc dan, trong A6 tap trang d linh vifc c o n | nghiep chd bien, chd tao, chiem 36,3% tdng vdn dau tir (chu yeu d cSc ngdnh.
37
IEN CCfa - TRAO DOI
HINH 1: FDI THEO N G A M H C ^ A EU VAO V 1 | T NAM GIAI DOAN 1988-20J8
Hgu6n: Tac gia tong hi^p theo Cyc D^u tir n\J6c ngoai, Bg Ke hoach va Dau ta
HiNH 2: Blia D 6 KHAO SAT MOI -TRtfClNG KINH DOANH VlfT NAM COA EaROCHAM GIAI DOfyTi 2010-2020
Dm vi linh: % H H
n.
M
/
Mgu6n: Bao cao BCI 2020 cua EuroCham nhrf: loc hda ddu 11%, d$t may 6,94%, di$n ti3f 6,4%, chS'bi^n thrfc ph^m 5,6%, 6t6 va phrfdng ti6n v§n tai 5,2%), san xuSt, phSn phoi dian, khi (20,7%), bat ddng san (11%), thong tin va truyen thong (6,6%) (Hinh 1). MOt loat c6ng ty ldn cua chSu Au da co mat tai Vi6t Nam, nhrf: Daimler Chrysler (Drfc) trong linh vrfc sdn xuS't 6t6; Unilever (Ha Lan) trong linh vrfc nganh hang tieu dung; Electrolux (Thuy Dien) san xuat do gia dung; IBC (Ha Lan) trong linh vrfc nrfdc giSi khat;
Akzo Nobel (Thuy Dien) trong linh vrfc phan bon, hda cha't; Bayer AG (Drfc) trong linh vrfc drfdc ph^m. Do do, FDI tLf EU da ddng gdp v&o qua tiinh chuydn dich cd caii kinh t6' theo hrfdng tich erfc tai ViSt Nam. Cac linh vrfc dtu trf trf EU cung drfdc trai deu hdn so vdi FDI trf cdc nrfdc Nhat Ban va Han Quoc.
Cac nha diu trf EU da co mat tai 54 tinh, thanh trdn c i nrfdc, tap trung chu yeu d cac tinh, thanh ph6^ c6 thi trrfcfng ldn, nhrf: Ha N6i, TP. Hi Chi Minh, hoSc c£c tinh CO ngu6n tai nguyen diu khi; hay cdc tinh cd khu c6ng nghi$p ldn, nhrf: Binh Drfdng, D6ng Nai, Ba Ria - Vung Tau, Da NSng, Hai Ph6ng, Khanh Hoa, Hai Drfdng... Trong khi FDI vao cac nganh c6ng nghi?p drfdc phan b6' d nhieu tinh, thi FDI vao c5c nganh dich vu chi tap trung d Ha Noi va TP. Ho Chi Minh.
Theo Hi6p hfii Cdc doanh nghidp chSu Au tai Viet Nam (EuroCham), cM s^Khdo sdt moi trrfdng kinh doanh (BCI) nam 2018 d mrfc 81 di^m - !& k6^t qua cao thrf nhi ke trf cuoi nam 2016. Cdc doanh nghidp thknh vi6n EuroCham tid'p tuc hoat dong tot trong nSm 2018, vdi 57%
phan hoi "tSt" va 10% Ik "rit tSt", chl 8% phdn h6i "tidu erfc". Khi phSn hoi ve ky vong cho thdi gian tdi, cdc nhS lanh dao doanh nghidp van lac quan, vdi gin 60% phan h6i "t6t" vS 11% "rd't tot" khi drf dodn tinh hinh kinh doanh dd'n cuoi nam 2018. Ve ke hoach dau trf, c6 tdi 94% doanh nghiep tra ldi khao sat cd ke hoach ti^p tuc duy tri hoac t^ng dau trf tai Vidt Nam. Theo d6, 4 1 % doanh nghiep tra Idi se "Duy tn" mrfc dau trf hidn lai, 42% se "Tang trfdng ddi" dau trf v4 11%
se "TSng ddng k^" diu trf vdo Vidt Nam trong trfdng lai gan (Hlnh 2).
Xdt v^ tinh lueu qua, cdc drf dn FDI cua EU c6 quy mfi v6h diu trf trung binh cao hdn so vdi cdc drf an FDI cua cdc qufic gia Ididc va drfdc coi Id trfdng ddi hieu qud, nhrfng mang tlnh thd't thrfdng. Cdc drf dn FDI cda mpt sd nrfdc, nhrf: Anh, Phdp, Hd Lan cd hidu qud srf dung d6ng vdn cao, trong khi do Drfc, ItaHa va Bi iai thrfdng khfing c6 drfdc srf liidu qua ndy. Mpt dieu ddng chii y Id cdc drf dn c6 hidu qud vd mang yd'u td tdc dgng Uch erfc lai thrfdng thufic ve cdc drf dn FDI vdi quy mfi vdn dau trf ldn, hodc drf dn c6 thdi gian chu chuydn nhanh mang lai hidu qua trong mfit thdi gian ngan, nhrf drf dn dau khi cua Anh. FDI cua EU cung da gdp phin khfing nho trong vide tao vide ldm cho ngrfdi lao dfing, vdi 2.244 drf an con hipu Irfc c6 tdng vdn ddng ky la 24,67 ty USD, trfdng drfcfng 7,6% tdng vdn FDI vdo Vidt Nam, da tao ra viec lam eho khoang 20.000 lao dfing trrfc tiep (ehiem 7% tdng sd lao dflng trrfc tiep drfdc tao ra nhd c6 FDI) vd khodng vai van lao dpng gian tidp. Tuy chi c6 7% lao dflng trrfc tid'p, nhrfng hau hdt ddy Id nhiftig lao dflng c6 ehuydn mon trfdng dfl'i cao, cfi srf dao tao tdt, rat cln thid't eho eflng cupc eflng nghiep hda, hidn dai hfla dat nrfdc.
MOT S6 T6N TAI, HAN CHE Lrfdng vo'n FDI trf EU vdo Vidt Nam cdn thid'u on dinh, chrfa trfdng xihig vdi tiim ndng ve vdn, cflng nghd vd ky tiiudt cua cdc nhd diu trf EU. So' Irfdng drf dn FDI cd quy mfi ldn trong cdc Iinh vrfc Id
38
ldi tiie cua cdc nrfdc EU, ddng thdi la ITnh vrfc md Vidt Nam quan tdm thu hut, nhrf:
drf dn cflng nghe eao, cong nghd ngudn, eong nghd xanh, ndng Irfdng tdi t^o, nong nghidp cflng nghd eao, tai ehinh ngan hang... vin cfln khidm tfin. Nhilu drf dn dau trf cda EU vin t | p trung tdn dung ngudn lao dfing gid rd de thrfc hidn cdc cfing doan lap rdp, chd' bid'n sdn ph^m bdn trong nrfdc vd xulft khau...
Mdc du CO srf gia tdng vdn d i u trf, ty trong FDI cua EU vdo Vidt Nam cfln khidm tdn tiong tdng FDI cua EU ra nrfdc ngoai, cung nhrf FDI cda EU vdo ASEAN noi chung. Theo sd Hdu thdng kd eua Eurostat va ASEANstats n3m 2017, FDI cua EU chd yeu la FDI npi khdi (chie'm hdn 61%), FDI vao My chiem 29,35%, FDI vdo ASEAN dat 5,7%, trfdng drfdng 175,2 t^ USD trong giai doan 2010-2017. Trong trfdng quan vdi cdc nrfdc ASEAN khdc, Vidt Nam chrfa phai la dfl'i tdc diu trf ldn vdi ty tipng chl chie'm khodng 3% tdng diu trf cua EU vao ASEAN, drfng thrf ba sau Singapore (85%) vd Malaysia (10%).
Drf dn FDI cda EU vin tdp ttung chu yd'u tai cdc thdnh phfl' ldn, cfln ede vilng sdu, vung xa hay miln niii hlu nhrf khflng CO mflt drf dn nao. V! v$y, FDI tic EU chrfa §iup edi thidn drfdc khodng each phdt ttien girfa cdc vdng vd khu vrfc ttong ca nrfdc.
Dac bidt, ndm 2020, theo khdo sdt cda EuroCham, chi sfi' BCI da bi gidm xufi'ng mrfc 26% tiong q^u^ 1/2020, trfdng drfdng mrfc gidm 51 didm phin tram, td mrfc 77% drfdc ghi nhdn vdo cudi ndm 2019. Ddy cung Id mrfc tha'p nhat trf ndm 2010, vdi lin tiid'p ky luc ttrfde dfl la 45%, vao quy IV/2012. Theo dd, 55% doanh nghiep drfde hoi noi rang mfli trrfdng kinh doanh dang "khflng tfit" hoac "rat xd'u".
Co de'n 93% doanh nghidp noi Covid-19 tdc dflng tidu erfc de'n hoat dpng, ttong do hdn 50% ddnh gid d mrfc "ddng k e " - dieu nay phdn dnh tdc dflng tieu erfc ve mat kinh td'do dai dich Covid-19 gdy ra.
ccf H O I VA GIAI PHAP THU HUT F D I T C E U VAO VIETNAM
Ctf hOi diy manh thu hut FDI tuf EU Hidp dinh Thrfdng mai trf do EU - Viet Nam (EVFTA) vd EVIPA da kd't tilde ddm phdn ndm 2018. Ngdy 12/02/2020, Nghi vidn chdu Au da thfing qua 2 hidp dinh EVFTA vd
EVIPA, ddng thdi Viet Nam ciing dang tidn hanh cdc thu tuc cudi ciing de drfa ede hidp djnh ndy cd hidu irfc ttong nSm 2020. Hidp dinh EVIPA fliay thd 21 hidp dinh khuyen khich vd bao hp dau trf md Viet Nam dd ky ket vdi 22/28 nrfdc thanh vien EU. Hidp dinh cfl cdc cam ket nham dam bao an toan cho vdn va tai san cda nhd dau trf, nhrf: (1) Doi xd efing bdng vd thda ddng, bao hfi an toan cho nha dau trf nrfdc ngodi; (2) Cam kdt khfing trrfng thu qudc hrfu hda trdi phdp luat tdi san cua nha dau ttf vd bdi thrfdng thoa ddng tiong trrfdng hdp trrfng thu, qudc hffu hoa; (3) Cam kdt bdi thrfdng cho nha dau trf ttong trrfdng hcfp tai san cda nhd d i u trf bi phd hoai do vide dung vu Irfc khong can thiet ttong trrfdng hop chidn ttanh; (4) Cam kdt cho phep nha dau trf trf do chuyen vdn va loi nhudn ra nrfdc ngodi vd cdc cam kdt bao hg d i u trf Ididc. Vdi nhffng quy dinh chat che nhrf vdy, EVIPA giup Viet Nam sd hffii nhffng ldi thddd ttd tiianh mot diem ddn dau trf ha'p dan cda cdc doanh nghiep chau Au vd didu do sd cd tdc dgng tich erfc ttong thu hdt FDI eda EU vdo Vidt Nam.
Thu hdt FDI tff EU ttong bfl'i canh hai ben da ky kd't EVIPA la rat tich erfc: se tiiuc day thu hut FDI trf EU gia tang vd hrfa hen cai thidn chd't lrfdng dflng vfln FDI vdo Vidt Nam (Bdi Qu^ ThuS'n, 2019). Trien vpng FDI trf EU cfl thd gia tang vao cac phan ngdnh dich vu, md Vidt Nam khong cam ket ttong WTO, nhimg lai cam kd't ttong EVFTA, nhrf: dich vu hfli chp, trien lam, dich vu brfu chinh, dieh vu ehuydn phdt, dich vu bdo hdnh vd sda ehffa tdu bidn, tau thdy ngi dia, mdy bay, dich vu xd'p dd container hang hai, dich vu dai Iy van tai hdng hda... FDI dd'n trf EU cung cfl the gia tang ttong cdc nganh dich vu thd manh eua cdc nrfdc EU, nhrf:
dich vu tai chinh, logistics, dich vu mdy tinh, dich vu mfli ttrfdng, gido due bac cao, phdn phdi, vidn thflng vd y td...
MOt sdgiai phap thu hut vdn FDI thd'h^ mtfi tii ddi tac EU trong bfii canh cua hidp dinh EVIPA
Thu hdt dflng vfl'n FDI chat Irfdng eao, gid tti gia tang Id^n luon Id mue tieu ma Vidt Nam de ra. Dd thu hdt vdn FDI the hd mdi trf dfli tac EU ttong bdi eanh thtfe hidn EVIPA sap tdi, Viet Nam c l n thrfc hien co hidu qua mgt sdgiai phdp sau:
M^t la, day manh cai each va hodn thien the chd, chinh sdeh nang eao chat lrfdng hidu qua dau trf nrfdc ngodi theo tinh than cda Nghi quyd't sd 50-NQ/TW, ngdy 20/08/2019 cda Ban Chap hdnh Trung rfdng.
Viet Nam can xay drfng chien IrfOc tidp can vd thu hut FDI thd' he mdi tlieo hrfdng chuyen trf phe duydt sang xuc tid'n vd hfi trd chd dgng - khi do, se hinh thdnh mgt cd quan quan Iy va chiu ttdch nhidm vi FDI cd dd nang Irfe, quyen ban va kha nang phdi hdp tdt. Ddng thfli, c l n thiet lap cd che thu hut FDI hrfdng vdo edn doi drfdc mfli quan he giffa nhrfng chinh sdch rfu dai dang cd (ehd ydu tdp ttung vdo thue, tai chinh vd da't dai), de chuyen sang chinh sdch rfu dai nha'n manh den cflng nghd mdi phu hop vdi dinh hrfdng cda Viet Nam.
IEN ecru - TRAO DOI
Hai Id, ndng eao vide quan ly vd tiirfc thi Ludt Sd hiJu tri tud. Theo do, can ndng cao hidu qua thrfc thi Ludt Sd hffu til tud, nhtf: (i) Ra soat lai tat cd cac van ban phap lu§t hidn hdnh lidn quan ddn sd hffu tri tud vd bo sung them nhrfng van de con thieu; (ii) Nang cao vai tto quan ly cda Nhd nrfdc ve bao hp quyen sd hrfu tii tue; (iii) Xdc djnh ttdch nhidm cu the giffa ede cti quan, ddn vi thrfc thi quydn sd hffu tii tiid; (iv) Nang cao vai tto cda Tfla dn ddn srf ttong viec gidi quydt cdc ttanh chdp vd quyln sd hffXi tti md; vd (v) Tang crfdng cong tdc thanh tta, kiem tta va xd ly cdc trrfdng hdp vi pham ludt sd hffu tii tud.
Ba Id, xdy drfng cd che bao ve nhd diu trf. Can thtfe thidn 2 nhom bidn phdp: (i) Bo sung nhffng quy djnh de thtfc hidn tflt nguyen tae ddi xrf quoc gia va tdi hue qufic nham bao ddm an toan, tang srf ydn tam cho nhd diu trf. Khung quy dinh vd giai quydt ttanh eh^p cln dtfdc hodn thidn theo hrfdng cu the hdn ttong Lu|t Dau trf; (ii) Thid't Idp cd che phan hdi nhd diu ttf cfl hd thdng (SIRM). SIRM cung cd'p ha ting phdp lu^t va the che tdi thieu tao dieu kidn dd nhd ntfdc xdc dinh, theo doi, qudn ly cdc khidu nai nghiem ttgng phdt sinh giffa nhd dau trf EU va cO quan nhd nrfdc ttong thdi gian sdm nhat. Sd dung SIRM se cho phdp ed quan qudn ly nhd nrfdc hdi ddp mgt cdch thfl'ng nhS't ede khidu nai cua nhd diu trf tff sdm, trrfdc khi nhd diu trf khid'u kidn chfnh thrfc ydu clu bdi thrfdng theo hidp dinh EVIPA.
Hoan thidn cd ehd dieu phdi chinh sdch de tang crfdng srf phoi hdp vd gidi quyd't cdc trrfdng hdp chdng cheo, mdu thuSn ttong tham quyln va cdc thu tuc the ehd.
Bdn Id, ndng cao chdt lrfdng ddo tao nguon nhdn Irfe dap dng ydu cau ngay cdng eao cua Ihi trrfdng lao dfing cho cdc nhd dau trf EU. Theo dd, tap trung vao: (i) Hodn thidn cdc chinh sdch, khuyd'n khich cdc cti sd giao due vd day nghe ttong nrfdc md rpng hop tdc, lidn kd't ddo tao vdi cdc cd sd dao tao d nrfdc ngoai; hdp tdc nghidn cdu khoa hpc; thu hdt cdc nha diu trf nrfdc ngoai phdt hidn cd sd gido due va day nghe, hop tac ddo tao, md vdn phflng dai didn tai Vidt Nam; (ii) Tie'p mc hop tdc vdi EU trien khai cdc dtf an ODA trong linh vrfc day nghe da ky ket; thrfc iden dam phan vdi cdc nhdm nrfdc ttong khu vrfc vd ttdn thd' gidi d l tid'n tdi cfing nhdn van bdng, chd^g chi vd ky ndng nghe giffa eae nrfdc; (iii) Ra soat, thdng nha't cdc tidu chi, tidu chuan kidm dinh chSt IrfOng gido due ddo tao vd day nghe; xdy drfng cdc cd chd, quy dinh ve dam bdo chat IrfOng; cdc cd chd, quy dinh vd phdt tridn hd thdng qudn If va dam bao chat lrfdng ttong cdc cd sd gido due vd day nghi; (iv) Ndng eao chdt lrfdng ngudn nhan Irfe thfing qua day manh ddo tao ky ndng, ndng Irfc thtfc hdnh; tid'p tue diy manh xa hfii hoa, da dang nguon life cho phdt tridn gido due vd ddo tao, tiong dfl ngudn ngdn sdeh nhd ntfde la quan ttgng. Q
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