NGHIEN CVU - TRAO DOI
MOT SO KIEN MGH! HOAN THIEN THU TUC RUT GON TRONG TO TUNG HJNH SU
PHAM TUAN*
So vdi B$ ludt T 6 tyng hinh sy ndm 2003, quy dinh vi thu tuc rut gon cua Bg lu^t Ti tung hinh su nam 2015 da co nhung sua doi, bo sung dap ung y£u c^u gidi quyet vu dn hinh su- mgt cdch nhanh chdng.
l^iy nhiSn, thirc tl cho th^y, m§t s6 quy djnh nhu: Vif c gidi quyit khieu n^i dp dung thu tuc rut ggn, thdi h^n tam giir vd ket thuc dieu tra d6i vdi thu tuc riit ggn can dugc tiep tuc nghien cuu hoan thi^n.
Tic khda: Bg ludt To tung hinh su; thu tuc rut ggn; vu dn hinh su.
Nhdn bdi: 22/5/2019; bien tap xong: 06/6/2019; duyet bdi: 08/7/2019.
Thu tuc rut ggn trong td tyng hinh su Id mdt trinh ty td tyng dae biet dugc eo quan tien hdnh td tung quyet dinh dp dung khi nhan thay vy an cd day du cdc dieu kien ludt dinh. Thii tuc nit ggn dugc dp dyng tir khi khdi td vu an cho den khi xet xir, nham gidi quyet vy dn mgt cdch nhanh chdng, nit ngan ve thdi gian, trinh tu, thii tuc so vdi viec dp dyng thu tyc td tung thdng thudng.
1. Nhirng quy dinh ve thii tuc rut ggn theo Bd luat To tung hinh sy nam 2015
1.1. Pham vi, dieu kien dp dung Niu Bg luat Td tung hinh sy (BLTTHS) nam 2003 ehi quy dinh pham vi dp dung thii tyc nit ggn trong giai doan dieu tra, truy td va xet xii so tiidm, thi BLTTHS nam 2015 quy djnh thu tyc nit ggn cd the dugc dp dung cd d giai doan xet xu phuc thdm khi ddp img dugc mdt trong hai diiu
kien sau: (1) Vy dn da dugc dp dung thu tuc nit ggn trong xet xir sa tbam va chi cd khang cao, khang nghi giam nhe hinh phat hoac cho hi cdo dugc hudng an treo; (2) Vy dn chua dugc dp dung thii tuc nit ggn trong xet xir sa tham, nhung cd du cdc diSu kien quy dinh tai khodn 1 Dieu 456 BLTTHS nam 2015 va chi cd khdng cao, khang nghi giam nhe hinh phat hoac cho bi cdo dugc hudng an treo. Ben canh dd, ngodi cdc dieu kien dp dyng trong giai doan dieu tra, truy td, xet xir so tham dugc ke thira tir nhung quy dinh trude day, thi BLTTHS nam 2015 bd sung them trudng hop ngudi pham tdi "ty thu", la mdt trong cac dieu kien de ed the dp dung thu tyc nit
* Vign kiem sat nhan dan huyen Cao Lanh, tinh Bong Thap.
So 19(than9102019) \
Tap cbi I _KIEIVISAT I 3 5
NCHIEN CW - TMO DOI
ggn. Viec bd sung nay la hoan todn hgp ly, bdi le, khi vy an da dii cac diiu kien nhu:
Su viec pham tdi don gian, chiing cir ro rang; tgi pham da thyc hien la tdi pham it nghiem trgng; ngudi pham tgi cd noi cu tni, ly Hch ro rang, nhung ngudi pham tgi ra ty thu, khdng phai la bi bat qua tang, nen ea quan tien hanh td tyng cung khdng thi dp dung thu tue nit ggn. Trong khi do, ty thii la viec ngudi pham tgi tu nguyen khai bdo vdi ca quan, td chiic ve hanh vi pham tdi cua minh trudc khi tdi pham hoac ngudi pham tdi bi phat hien, neu nhu ket hgp vdi cac dieu kien edn lai thi viec giai quyet vu an theo thu tuc nit ggn se dugc tien hanh mdt each nhanh chdng, lap thdi, tiet kiem dugc thdi gian, chi phi.
1.2. Ap dung thu tuc rdt ggn, huy bo quyet dinh dp dung thd tuc rdt ggn
Bd luat Td tung hinh su nam 2015 quy dinh trong thdi han 24 gid ke tit khi vu an cd dii dieu kien dugc quy dinh tai Dieu 456 thi Co quan dieu tra phdi ra quyet dinh dp dung thu tuc nit ggn. So vdi BLTTHS nam 2003 thi quy dinh tren cd nhiing sira ddi, bd sung nhu sau:
Thu nhdt, chit the cd tham quyen dp dung thu tuc nit ggn khdng chi cd Vien kiem sat ma cdn cd Co quan dieu tra, Tda an. Viec quy dinh nhu vdy dap iing sy chii ddng ciia cac ca quan tien hanh td tung trong viec dp dyng phdp ludt, khac phuc han che trudc day, dd la Ca quan dieu tra phai di nghi Vien kiem sat ra quyet dinh, ciing nhu Tda an ehi cd the xet xu theo thu tyc nit ggn khi da dugc Vien kiem sat quyet dinh dp dyng tir giai doan dieu tra hoac truy td.
Thic hai, dieu luat quy dinh Co quan diiu tra, Vien kiem sat, Tda an "phai" ra
quyet dinh, khdng phdi la "cd the" nhu quy dinh ciia BLTTHS nam 2003. Quy dinh ndy mang tinh bat huge, khdng phdi tuy nghi lya chgn viec ap dung hay khdng dp dyng thii tuc nit ggn, giam thieu dugc sd lugng vy an cdn phdi gidi quyet, tap trung thdi gian cho nhung vu dn nghiem trgng, cd tinh phiic tap, ddng thdi de cao vai trd, trach nhiem ciia co quan tien hdnh td tung trong thyc thi phap luat.
Thu ba, do quy dinh Tda an cd tham quyin dp dyng thii tue rut ggn nen khdng ehi bi can theo quy dinh eiia BLTTHS nam 2003, ma bi cao ciing cd the khieu nai quyet dinh dp dung thii tuc nit ggn va thdi hieu khieu nai cung dugc tang len la 05 ngay (BLTTHS nam 2003 quy dinh la 03 ngay).
Quyet dinh dp dyng thu tuc nit ggn cd the bi hiiy bd trong qua trinh dp dung neu mdt trong cac dieu kien quy dinh tai cac diem b, c va d khoan 1 Dieu 456 ciia BLTTHS nam 2015 khdng cdn, hoac vu an thugc trudng hgp tam dinh chi dieu tra, tam dinh chi vu an hoac tra hd sa de dieu tra bd sung theo quy dinh ciia Bg luat nay thi Co quan dieu tra, Vien kiem sat, Tda dn ra quygt dinh buy bd quyet dinh ap dung thu tuc nit ggn va giai quyet vu an theo thu tuc chung quy dinh tai BLTTHS. Nhu vay, tiiy thugc vao timg giai doan td tung, neu khdng cdn mgt trong cdc dieu kien tren thi Co quan dieu tra, Vien kiem sat, Tda an phdi kip thdi ra quyet dinh buy bd viec dp dung thu tyc nit ggn vd vy an se dugc tien hanh theo thu tuc td tung thdng thudng, vy an dang d giai doan nao thi eo quan dang thu ly vu an se quyet dinh. Quy duih nay da khdc phuc nhiing ban che ciia BLTTHS nam 2003, do la trudng hgp vu an phdi tam dinh chi thi Tda an phdi tra lai hd sa cho
I Tapchi
3 6 I K1EMSAT_ /Sol9{thang1(V2019)
NCHIEN Cmi - TRAO DOI
Vi^n k i i m sdt (khodn 3 Diiu 324 BLTTHS nam 2003), khdng dugc tiep tyc xet xir, thi nay, Tda dn se buy bd quyet dinh dp dyng thii tyc nit ggn va thu ly, giai quyet theo quy dinh chung.
1.3. Th&i han t^m giir, tam giam; th&i han dieu tra, truy to, xet xir
Ban chat cua thu tyc nit ggn la nit ngan thdi gian giai quyet vy an. Vi vdy, thdi han tam giii, tam giam ciing dugc nit ngan so vdi thii tuc td tung thdng thudng, trong do, thdi ban tam giii khdng dugc qua 03 ngay va khdng dugc gia han tam giii trong bat cii trudng hgp nao. Thdi han tam giam trong giai doan dieu tra khdng qud 20 ngdy, trong giai doan truy td khdng qua 05 ngay, tiong giai doan xet xir so tham khdng qua 17 ngdy, trong giai doan xet xir phuc tham khdng qua 22 ngay. Quy dinh nay cd mdt sd thay ddi so vdi BLTTHS nam 2003, nhu sau:
Mgt Id, quy dinh cu the thdi ban tam giam trong timg giai doan td tyng vd cd sy tach bach giira thdi ban tam giam trong giai doan dieu tra vd giai doan truy td, ma trudc ddy quy dinh chung thdi ban tam giam de dieu tra, tmy td khdng dugc qua 16 ngay (khodn 3 Diiu 322 BLTTHS nam 2003).
Hai Id, bd sung vd tang thdi h^n tam giam trong giai doan xet xu s o thdm tir 14 ngay (khodn 4 D i i u 324 BLTTHS nam 2003) len thanh 17 ngay. Viec quy dinh nay vira dam bdo tinh tuong thich vdi thdi ban xet xii, vira dam bao cau tir phdp ly khi ma BLTTHS nam 2003 quy dinh trong trudng hgp can thiet, Tda an cap so thdm quyet dinh tam giam bi cdo de dam bao viec xet xu, nghia Id chi khi Tda dn quyet dinh dua vu an ra xet xit thi mdi dugc ra lenh tam giam, vi liic nay ngudi
thyc hien hdnh vi pham tdi mdi cd tu cdch la bi cdo; ddng thdi vdi viec quy dinh thii tuc nit ggn cd the dp dyng d cap phiic thdm thi ciing quy dinh thdi ban tam giam ddi vdi giai doan nay.
Tuong ling vdi thdi ban tam giam, thi thdi ban dieu tra, truy td, xet xu so thdm, xet xir phiic tham quy dinh tai cdc dieu 460, 461, 462 va 464 BLTTHS nam 2015 eiing khdng dugc qua thdi ban tam giam. Cu the:
Thdi ban dieu tra la 20 ngay ke td khi khdi td vy an; thdi ban truy td la 05 ngay, thdi han xet xir so tham la 17 ngay vd thdi ban xet xir phiic thdm la 22 ngdy. Nhu vdy, neu vu an khdng cd khang cao, khang nghi, thi tdng thdi han giai quyet vu an tir khi khdi td den khi xet xir la 42 ngdy (BLTTHS nam 2003, la 30 ngay), viec tang thdi han d cdc giai doan td tung theo quy dinh ciia BLTTHS nam 2015 so vdi BLTTHS nam 2003 la khdng nhieu, nhung dap iing du thdi ban dieu tra, truy td, xet xu ddi vdi cdc vu an dan gian.
1.4. Thii tuc xet xir
Diiu 463 BLTTHS nam 2015 quy dinh phien tda xet xu sa tham theo thii tuc nit ggn do mdt Tham phdn tien hanh ma khdng cd Hdi tham nhan dan tham gia. Ben canh do, thay vi cdng bd cao trang thi Kiem sat vien chi cdng bd quyet dinh truy td sau phdn thu tuc bat dau phien tda. Cdc trinh ty, thii tuc khdc tai phien tda dugc thuc hien theo quy dinh cua BLTTHS, nhung khdng tien hanh nghi an vd neu vu dn dugc xet xir phiic thdm theo thii tyc nit ggn thi ciing se do mgt Thdm phdn tien hanh thay vi ba Tham phan theo thu tuc td tung chung. Ddy Cling la diem khdc biet so vdi BLTTHS nam 2003, dd la viec xet xu so thdm theo thu tuc nit ggn van cd Hdi thdm nhdn dan tham gia.
So 19(thang 1(V2019)\
Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 3 7
NCHIEN C W - TRAO D 6 I
2. M d t $6 kien nghi hoan thifn quy dinh v i thii tuc riit ggn
2.1. Viec gidi quyh khiiu nqi quyit dinh dp diing thu tuc rut gpn
Bd luat Td tyng hinh su nam 2015 quy dinh thdi hieu khiiu nai la 05 ngay, k i hi ngay bi can, hi cao, ngudi dai dien eua hg nhdn dugc quyet dinh dp dung thii tuc nit ggn. So vdi BLTTHS nam 2003, thi tiidi ban khieu nai dugc ndng len tii 03 ngay thanh 05 ngay va giii nguyen thdi ban gidi quyet la 03 ngay ke tir ngdy nhan duge khieu nai.
Vdn de d chd, khieu nai dugc giri den c a quan da ra quyet dinh, ddi vdi C o quan dieu tra, Tda dn thi se khdng cd van de, vi thdi hieu khieu nai va thdi ban gidi quyet khieu nai ngdn ban thdi ban dieu tra, thdi ban xet xir. Tuy nhien, thdi ban de quyet dinh viec truy td la 05 ngdy ke tu khi nhan dugc quyet dinh de nghi truy td cimg hd so vy dn tir C o quan dieu tra. Vi vdy, neu Vien kiem sat quyet dinh dp dyng thu tuc nit ggn trong giai doan tmy td vd sau do hd so da dugc chuyen cho Tda an mdi nhan dugc khieu nai thi viec gidi quyet se khdng kip thdi, neu quyet dinh dp dyng tbil tuc nit ggn cd vi pham ciing khdng the khac phuc dugc, nen can thiet phai gidm thdi hieu khieu nai vd thdi ban gidi quyet khiiu nai nham dam bao viec khieu nai vd gidi quyit khiiu nai dugc tien hanh mdt each nhanh chdng. Ben canh do, viee gidi quyit k h i i u nai cua Co quan dieu tra, Vien kiem sat, Tda an da phdi la quyet djnh giai quyet cudi cung hay chua eiing chua dugc quy dinh cy the trong ludt.
Ngodi ra, chu the cd quyen khieu nai chi cd t h i la bi can, bj cdo hoac ngudi dai dien hgp phap cua hg se dat ra trudng hgp
hi can, hi cao cd ngudi bdo chiia, nhung khdng the thdng qua ngudi bdo chiia de thyc hien quyen khieu nai.
De dam bdo quyen khieu nai ddi vdi thu tuc nit ggn, tdc gid de xuat sua ddi, bd sung quy dinh tai khodn 5 Dieu 457 BLTTHS nam 2015 nhu sau: " Q u y i t dinh dp dyng thu tyc nit ggn cd th6 hi khieu nai. Bi can, bi cdo, ngudi bdo chiia hoac ngudi dai dien eua hg cd quydn khieu nai quyet dinh dp dyng thii tyc nit ggn; thdi hieu khieu nai Id 03 ngay ke tir ngay nhdn dugc quyet dinh. Khieu nai dugc giri den C o quan dieu tra, Vien kiem sdt, Tda dn da ra quyit dinh dp dyng thu tuc nit ggn va phdi dugc gidi quyet trong thdi han 02 ngdy, ke tir ngay nhan dugc khieu nai.
Quyet dinh gidi quyet khieu nai cua C a quan dieu tra, Vien kiem sdt, Tda an la quyet dinh cd hieu lyc phdp luat".
2.2. Th&i han tfim giir
Bd luat Td tung hinh su nam 2015 quy dinh thdi ban tam giii khdng qua 03 ngay ke tir khi Ca quan dieu tra, co quan dugc giao nhiem vu tien hdnh mdt sd boat ddng dieu tra nhdn ngudi bi giu, ngudi bi bat hoac dp giai ngudi hi giu, nguoi hi bdt ve try sd cua minh hoac ke td khi Ca quan dieu tra ra quyet dinh tam giii ngudi pham tgi ty thii, dau thii. Trudng hgp can thiet, ngudi ra quyet dinh tam giii cd the gia ban tam giii nhung khdng qud 03 ngay.
Trudng hgp ddc biet, ngudi ra quyet dinh tam giii cd the gia han tam giii lan thir hai nhung khdng qua 03 ngay (khoan 1, khoan 2 D i i u 118 BLTTHS nam 2015).
Tuy nhien, ddi vdi viec dp dung thii tuc nit ggn thi se khdng cd trudng hgp gia
IXem tiep trang 65)
I Tapchi
3 8 I KIEMSAT_^ /So 19(th»g 10^19)
THONG TIN KHOA HOC
https://users.nber.org/~dlchen/papers/Machine_
Leaming_and_Rule of_Law.pdf, truy cg-p ngay 20/4/2019.
3. Richard va Daniel Susskind, The Future of the professions: How technology will Transform the work of human experts, Oxford University Press, 2015.
4. L. Eckhouse, "Big data may be reinforcing racial bias in the criminal justice system ", Wash. Post, Post, 10 /02/ 2017, xem:https://www.washingtonpost.
com/opinions/big-data-may-be-reinforcing- r a c i a l - b i a s - i n - t h e - c r i m i n a l - j u s t i c e - system/2017/02 /10/d63de5]8-ee3a-ne6-9973- c5eft)7ccft)0d_html?utm_term=c db3106bbc8d,
tray cSp ngay 25/4/2019.
5. CB. Frey, M. A. OsBome, "The future of aai^jyvna±Howsusc^jtiNea/ejobslocompulerisation? ", 17 September 2013.Xem: https://www.oxfordmartin.
ox.ac.uk/downIoads/academic/The_Future_of_Employ mentpdf, tmy cap ngay 20/4/2019.
6. S. Tantin, "Faut-il adherer aux legaltech pour developper sa strategic digitale?", 16 septembre 2016, xem: https://www.lja.fr/faut-il-adherer-aux- legaltech/, truy cap ngay 20/4/2019.
7. Jean-Pierre Buyle et Adrien van den Branden, La robotisation de la justice, Alexandre de Streel, Herve Jacquemin, L'intelligence artificielle et le droit, Nxb. Larcier, 2017.
MOTSOKIENNGH!...
(Tiep theo trang 58)
ban tam giir, neu phai tam giii thi thdi ban tam giu khdng dugc qud 03 ngdy, ddy Id thdi gian de C o quan dieu fra lay ldi khai, Cling cd chiing cii quyet dinh viec khdi td vy an, khdi td hi can va xet thdy can thiet thi ra quyet dinh tam giam bode dp dung bien phap ngdn chan khac. So vdi BLTTHS nam 2003 thi BLTTHS nam 2015 van ke thira quy dinh cG, do Id thdi ban tam giu khdng dugc qud 03 ngdy ke tir ngay C o quan dieu fra nhdn ngudi bi bat. Tuy nhien, quy dinh ndy mac dinh dugc h i i u ngudi hi bat d day la ngudi hi bdt qua tang. Trong khi dd, tam giu cd the dp dyng ddi vdi ngudi thyc hien hdnh vi pham tdi ra tu thu va mdt trong nhiing dieu kien dp dung thii tue nit ggn da bd sung them trudng hgp ty thu. Vi vay, viec quy dinh trudng hgp tam giii theo khodn 2 D i i u 459 BLTTHS nam 2015 chua thyc sy chat che dan den cdch hieu khdc nhau
khi dp dung phdp ludt. Do dd, theo tdc gid, cdn bd sung vdo khodn 2 Dieu 459 BLTTHS nam 2015 nhu sau: "Thdi ban tam giu khdng dugc qua 03 ngay k^ tir khi C o quan dieu fra nhdn ngudi bi bat bode ke tir khi C o quan dieu tra ra quyet dinh tam giii ngudi pham tdi ty thii".
2.3. Kit thitc diiu tra
Ket thiic dieu tta, Co quan dieu fra ra bdn ket ludn dieu fra dS nghi truy td hoac ra bdn ket ludn dieu fra vd quyet dinh dinh chi dieu tra. Neu vu an dugc giai quyet theo thu tyc rut ggn thi theo quy dinh tai khodn 2 D i i u 460 BLTHHS nam 2015, C o quan dieu fra chi cdn ra quyet dinh de nghi truy td, thay vi phai lam ban ket ludn dieu tra, quy dinh ndy chua dy lieu trudng hgp C o quan dieu tra phai ra quyet dinh dinh ehi dieu fra khi vy dn thugc mdt trong cdc trudng hgp quy dinh tai khoan I D i i u 230 BLTTHS nam 2015. Theo tac gid, can bd sung them quy dinh vao khodn 2 D i i u 460 nam 2015 nhu sau: " Khi k i t thiic dieu tra, C o quan dieu tra ra quyet dinh de nghi truy td hoac khdng truy td vd dinh chi dieu t r a " . n
Sd19(thaK|1(V2019)\
Tap chi _ K I £ M S A T I 6 3
