Cac nhan to'anh hu'dng den nang li/c canh tranh
cua cac doanh nghiep nho va vuTa tai TP. Da Nang
NGOYIN Vkti KY LOMG*
DAM NGtivlN ANH KHOA"
Tdm tdt
Nghiin cffu duac thUc hiin nhdm ddnh gid cdc nhdn to dnh hudng de'n nang luc cgnh tranh (NLCT) cua cdc doanh nghiep nhd vd vffa (DNNW) trin dia bdn TP. Dd Ndng. Ke't qud nghien cffu cho thdy, co 8 nhdn td bao gSm: Ndng lite Idi chinh; Nguon nhdn liic; Ndng luc cong nghe; Ndng lUc marketing; Ndng luc qudn ly; Ndng luc nghien cffu vd phdt trien (R&D);
Tdi sdn vd hinh; Ndng luc sdn xudt dnh hudng de'n NLCT cua cdc DNNW trin dia bdn TP. Dd Ndng. Trong do, cdc nhdn td'cd khd ndng tdc dgng mgnh Id Ndng lUc ldi chinh, Nguon nhdn luc. Ndng luc cong nghe, Ndng lUc marketing vd Ndng It/c qudn ly.
TH khoa: ndng luc cgnh tranh. doanh nghiip nho vd vifa. TP. Dd Ndng
Summary
The study is conducted lo evaluate determinants of the competitiveness of Da Nang city- based SMEs. The fruits point out 8 factors, which are Financial capacity; Human resources;
Technology capacity; Marketing capacity; Management capacity; Research and development (R&D) capacity; Intangible asset; Production capacity. Specifically, the first five factors create the strongest impact.
Keywords: competitiveness. SMEs, Da Nang city
GlCfl THIEU c a S6 LY THUYET VA PHl/CNG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU
Hien nay, DNNVV la dd'i Itfdng trung
tam trong qui trinh phat trien kinh td' vdi Cd sd Iy thuyd't
nhffng ddng gdp khdng the phu nhan, Nghidn ctfu dtfa trdn "ly thuye't ngudn Itfc", theo nhff: gdp phan lao ra vide lim, ning cao Barney (1991), ly thuye't niy giai thich rat ro, ngudn thu nhip, gdp phan xda ddi giam ngheo Itfc chinh la nhan Id'quye't dinh anh htfdng dd'n NLCT vi thuc di'ynenkinhtd'cua TP.Di Nang. cua doanh nghidp ndi chung vi DNNVV ndi ridng.
Tuy nhidn, stf thay doi cua mdi trtfdng "Ly thuyet ngudn Itfc" tip trung phan tich NLCT dtfa kinh doanh vi tic dgng cua nhffng bie'n vio cic nhan to ben trong doanh nghiep, dd chinh la ddng kinh te' gan day, die bidt li tie'n ngudn Itfc cua doanh nghidp.
Irinh loin cau hda da dat cic DNNVV Theo "ly thuyd't ngudn Itfc" cua Barney (1991), thi lai Da N£ng dffng trtfdc nhieu khd khan ngudn Itfc bao gom: lai san, ning life, quy tnnh td chffc, vi canh tranh khd'c liet. Mot irong nhtfng thudc tinh cua cdng ly, thdng tin, kie'n thtfc... Ngudn Itfc thach thtfc ldn nha't ma cac doanh nghiep ddng vai trd quan trgng nhi't trong viec thtfc hien chie'n nay phii dd'i mat do l i nang cao NLCT. Itfdc, nham nang cao hieu qui hoai dpng ciia doanh Chinh vi viy, nghien ctfu cic nhan id anh nghiep ciang nhtf nang cao NLCT cho doanh nghiep.
htfdng dd'n NLCT cua DNNVV lai TP. Ngoai ra, "ly thuyd't ngudn Itfc" khdng chi xem xel Di Nang li can thid't. Ttf do, di xua't giai tam quan trpng cua ngudn Itfc, rai cdn nhi'n manh khi phip, djnh htfdng phit trie'n nham ning nang khai thic chung, bid'n chiing trd thinh ly thuye't cao NLCT cho doanh nghiep, canh tranh ben vffng cua doanh nghiep (Rezaee va
"ThS., Trifdng Dai hpc FPT
"Trudng Dgi hgc Bach Khoa - Dgi hpc Da hing
Ngdy nh(m bdi; 06/7/2020; Ngdy phdn bi^n: 20/7/2020; Ngdy duyet ddng. 26/7/2020
Economy and Forecast Re\ icn | 2 9
B A N G l : TONG HOP C A C THANG DO t>lS0C MA HOA STT
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
BMTn N a n g lire t^i c h i n h N a n g life q u a n Iv T a i s a n v o h i n h N a n g life c o n g n g h e N a n g li/c m a r k e t i n g N S n g life sdn x u a t N g u o n n h a n life N a n g life R & D N a n g lU'c c a n h t r a n h
f.Vit^
TC OL VH CN MKT
SX NNL
RD N L C T
HiNH 1: MO H I N H NGHIEN CCTU DE XGAT
Nguon De xuat cua n h o m tac gia
Jafari, 2016). Do dd, "ly thuyd't ngudn Itfc" dtfdc xem l i n^n ting ly thuye't giup DNNVV cd the' danh gii vi nang cao NLCT nham ning cao hidu qui boat ddng cua doanh nghiep.
Theo nghien cii\i cua Jayasekara va cdng sff (2019), nang Itfc tii chinh lidn quan dd'n kha nang quin ly ngudn Itfc tai chinh cua doanh nghiep mdt cich hieu qua. Nang Itfc tai chinh l i mdt trong nhtfng nhin td' quan trgng giup cho doanh nghidp nang cao hidu qua kinh doanh va NLCT cua minh.
Nghien ctfu cua Michael Porter (1980) chi ra rang, nang Itfc quan ly li mdt trong nhtfng nhin td'quye'l dinh stf tdn lai vi phat trien cua doanh nghidp. Cu thd', ning lffc quan ly lien quan dd'n kha nSng ciia doanh nghidp trong vide llm ra phtfdng thtfc thich hpp nha't dd' ihffc hien muc tieu cua doanh nghidp nhim dat hieu qui cao nha't vdi chi phi ve ngudn iffc ld'i lAi nha'l.
Nghidn ctfu cua Vasyhsiv va cdng stf (2018); Aaker (1984) cho tha'y, tai san vd hinh la nhffng tai sin cd the di kem vdi ldi ich kinh te'. khdng cd cau tao vat chat, nhifng cd thd' lao ra nhffng ffu the'hay quyen ldi dd'i vdi chii sd htfu va cd the dem lai ldi nhuan cho chu sd htfu.
Tii san vd hinh cd the ke' dd'n, nhif: thtfdng hieu, bang sang che, nhtfpng quyen thu'dng hieu.. Doanh nghidp stf dung tai sin vd hinh mdl each hidu qua se giup nang cao dtfdc NLCT cua minh.
Ben canh dd, nghien ctfu cua Radzi va cdng stf (2017) cho Ihi'y, ning lffc cdng nghe tic ddng irtfc tid'p dd'n viec sff dung cac nhin tddau vao cua doanh nghiep.
Nhin td niy lien quan dd'n kha nang stf dung hieu qui cdng nghe sin cd vii khi nSng tiep nhan cdng nghe mdi cua doanh nghiep. Doanh nghidp tap trung ning cao nang lffc cua minh cd the giiip cii thien dtfdc NLCT cua
doanh nghidp cung nhtf la hicu •\^''-'
doanh cua minh. , Ajitabh va Momaya (20<)-' '-en va
Ming (2007) cho ring, nang 1, ^iKcting li khi nang theo ddi, nim bat nhffng thay ddi nhu cau cua khich hang ^e san pham va dich vu ciia doanh nghidp cung cap nham muc dich dip tfng td't nhfl^ig thay doi nay. Mdt trong nhtfng nhan td ben trong doanh nghidp anh htfdng quan trpng ddn NLCT khdng the khdng ke den la ning Itfc marketing cua doanh nghidp.
Theo Aaker (1984). nang itfc san xuat cd tic ddng dd'n NLCT cua doanh nghiep.
Nang Iffc sin xua't thd' hien qua kha nang stf dung cic ngudn lffc hidn hull cua doanh nghiep dd dd' san xua't san pham hay cung cap dich vu cua doanh nghidp dd trong mdt khoing thdi gian nha't dinh.
Mdt trong nhulig nhan td' gdp phin anh hifdng dd'n NLCT cua doanh nghidp li ngudn nhan lffc (Rastogi, 2000; Dubra, 2010). Ngudn nhan Itfc bao gdra la't ca tiem nang con ngtfdi trong mpt doanh nghiep, ttf cin bd lanh dao ci'p cao nhi't de'n thanh vidn cap nhd nha't.
Aaker (1984), Charasuk va cdng stf (2017) cho tha'y, R&D cd inh hffdng nha'l dinh de'n NLCT cua doanh nghidp.
Trdn cd sd ke' thtfa 1^ Ihuy^l Iff cic cdng trinh nghidn ctfu trtfdc day dtfdi gdc dp "Iy thuyet ngudn Itfc", nghien ctfii de xuat 8 nhan td'anh htfdng de'n NLCT cua DNNVV lai TP. Da NSng, bao gdm: (I) Nang Itfc tai chinh; (2) Nang Itfc quin ]^;
(3) Tai san vd hinh; (4) NSng Itfc cong nghe; (5) Nang Itfc marketing; (6) NSng Itfc sin xua't; (7) Ngudn nhin Itfc; (8) Nang Itfc R&D.
Cac gia thuyd't dtfdc dtfa ra nhtf sau:
Gid thuye't HI: Nhan td' Ning Itfc tai chinh cd quan he thuan chidu ddi vdi NLCT cua DNNVV;
Gid thuyet H2: Nhan td Nang Itfc quin ly cd quan he thuSn chieu ddi vdi NLCT cua DNNVV;
Gid thuyet H3: Nhan td Tii san vd hinh c6 quan he thuan chieu ddi vdi NLCT ciia DNNVV;
Gid thuyet H4: Nhan td' Nang Itfc cdng nghe cd quan he thuan chieu dd'i vdi NLCT cua DNNVV.
Gid thuyet H5: Nh marketing cd quan he i vdi NLCT cua DNNVV
Gid thuyet H6: Nha san xua't cd quan he thua NLCT cua DNNVV;
lian chieu ddi Nang Iffc
'lieu ddi mg Itfc ' dd'i vdi
130
Gid thuyi't H7: Nhin td Ngudn nhin Itfc CO quan hd thuan chieu dd'i vdi NLCT cua DNNVV;'
Gid thuye't H8: Nhin to Nang Itfc R&D cd quan hd thuan chieu dd'i vdi NLCT cua DNNVV.
Md hinh cic nhin td inh htfdng dd'n NLCT cua DNNVV tai TP. Da Nang nhff Hinh I.
Cic thang do dffdc m i hda nhff Bang 1.
Phtfdng phap nghidn ciJu Nghien ctfu Iffa chgn khao sit DNVVN trdn dia bin TP. Da Nang. Vdi so'phid'u phit di Ii 350 phieu, sd' phie'u Ihu vd la 305 phie'u, sau khi lira sach sd lidu, cdn lai 293 phieu hdp le dffdc dtfa vio stf dung trong phan tich. Nghien cdu
%\t dung phan mdm SPSS dd' kie'm tra tinh hdp Iy cua dff lieu.
KET QUA NGHIEN c O u
Thd'ng kd md ta
Theo ke't qua thdng kd md la d Bang I cho tha'y, hau hd'l DNNVV tham gia trong qua trinh khao sit dang hoai ddng Irong linh vtfc thtfdng mai va dich vu (chiera ty trgng 68,60%), tid'p de'n la c i c DNNVV hoat ddng trong ITnh vffc cdng nghidp va xay dtfng (chid'm ty trpng 28,67%), cdn lai li cic DNNVV boat ddng trong llnh vtfc ndng, lira nghiep va thuy sin (chie'm ty trgng 2,73%). Cd ci'u nay ttfdng dd'i phd hdp vdi thtfc trang hoat ddng ctia DNNVV d D i Nang hien nay.
Theo Hinh 2, cic nhan td dtfdc danh gii cd inh htfdng cao nhi't dd'n NLCT dffa tren gia In trung binh, bao gdm:
Ngudn nhan lffc cd gii tri trung binh cao nha't (gia tri trung binh la 4,1109);
Nang Iffc marketing (gia tri trung binh li 4,0659); NSng life tai chinh (gia tri trung blnh la 3,7508); Nang life cdng nghe (gii Iri trung binh la 3,5915), Nhan td'cd anh htfdng thi'p nha'l dd'n NLCT dffa tren gia tri tfung binh la nang Itfc quan ly va nang Itfc R&D (gii trj trung blnh l i 3,2468),
Phdn ti'ch hdi quy
Gii tri R- hidu chinh danh gia phin bien ddng ciia bie'n phu thudc dtfdc giai thich bdi bp dtf doin bao gdra cic bie'n dtf bio hay cdn gpi la bie'n ddc lap, dao ddng ttf 0 dd'n I. He sd niy thffdng phai ldn hdn 60%, thi md hinh mdi cd y nghia ve mat thd'ng ke. Kd't qua phan tich d Bang 3 cho thi'y, gii tri R- hieu chinh li 0,903.
Theo dd, cac bid'n ddc lap trong md hinh nghien ctf\i inh hffdng den 90,3% stf thay
HINH 2: GlA TR) TRUNG BINH CGA CAC NHAN TO 4,1109 3.313 3,7508
--- f;;
, « i ,OG59
NarElirc Tii sin vd
Mguon Ke't qua nghien CLTU ciia n h o m tac gia
BANG 2: KET QUA THONG KE MO TA M A U THEO L I N H V ^ C HOAT DQNG Ltnb VDTC ho9t d^ng
Thifcfng mai va dich vu Cong nghi6p va xay diTng Nong, lam nghiep va thOy sdn
T^ng sfi"
SS'ltfijrDg (doanh nghiap) 201
84 8 293
Ty trpiig (%) 68,60 28,67 2,73 100
BANG 3: BANG TOM TAT MO HINH HOI QUY M6
Idnh 1
Gia tri R 0,951"
GiitT\ GUtriR^hi^D R^ ddnh 0,9051 0,903
Saisffchu^n cSadtfchAToc 0,1326
G U t i i Itaridn-Watson
2,017 a Bo dir bao'(Hang,so), RD, SX, TC,CN, VH, QL, MKT, NNL b. Bien phu thuoc: NLCT
BANG 4: KET QUA PHAN TICH PHCfdNG SAI ANOVA Mdhinh
1 Hoi quy Phan dif Tong cpng
T^ngcdc blsli idufifiig
47,742 4,995 52,737
&9c t\f do (df)
8 284 292
Trong binh blnh-jjihiAAig 5,968 0.018
Gii trj F 339,330
Gii trj Sig.
0.000"
a. Bien phu thupc: NLCT
b. Bo du bao: {Hang so), RD, SX, TC, CN, VH, QL, MKT, NNL
BANG 5: KET QUA PHAN TICH HOI QUY DA BIEN
NliSn t6'
1 (Hftng so) TC QL VH CN MKT SX NNL RD
H$ s6' hdi quy chi^ chuSn h6a Hfsd'
B -0,220
0.224 0,078 0.027 0,208 0,173 0.024 0,268 0,028
Sai$«r chu^n 0,086 0,012 0.012 0,011 0,012 0,013 0,012 0.016 0,009
Hg sS'hoi quy da chu^n boa H#s^Beta
0,445 0.131 0,051 0.351 0,275 0,043 0,384 0,064
Gii trit
-2,565 19,084 6,674 2.465 16,858 13.675 2,066 16,238 3.269
Gii Sig.
0,011 0,000 0,000 0.014 0,000 0,000 0,040 0,000 0,001
Thdbg k£ c$ng luye'n D$ch^p
nMn
0.612 0,870 0,780 0,770 0,822 0.772 0,597 0,858
VIF
1.633 L15(l 1.282 1.299 1,217 1.295 1,676 1,165 a Bien phu thupc. NLCT
Mguon Ket qua phan ln-h 5
dd'i cua bid'n phu thudc. cdn 9.7% stf bid'n dpng ciia bien phu thudc cdn Iai la do stf anh htfdng cua cic nhan to'ngoai md hinh va do sai so ngau nhien.
131
Theo Bang 4, gii iri Sig. < 0,05 the hien md hinh nghien ctfu la phu hdp va cd y nghia suy ra tong the.
Theo Bang 5, md'i quan he giffa bid'n phu thudc va cic bie'n ddc lap dtfdc the hien thdng qua phi/dng trinh hoi quy chuan hda sau:
NLCT'= 0,445*TC + 0.131*QL + 0.05}^VH + 0.351 *CN + 0.275*MKT + 0.043*SX + 0,384^NNL + 0.064*RD
Ta't ca 8 bien doc lap deu cd mtfc y nghTa Sig. < 0,05, nen 8 nhan td' nay deu cd y nghia thd'ng ice va dffdc cha'p nhan trong phffdng trinh hoi quy va chung deu cd tic dpng de'n bie'n phu thudc. Cac he so' trong phffOng trinh hoi quy deu mang di'u dtrong the hien ta't ca cic nhan Id' deu cd inh hffdng thuan chieu den NLCT cua DNNVV tai TP. D i N5ng, Trong dd. nhan Id' TC cd tic ddng ldn nha't vdi pi = 0,445. Cic nhin to NNL (p7 = 0,384), CN (p4 ^0,351), MKT (p5 = 0,275) vaQL(p2 =0.131) la cic nhan td'cd mtfc inh hffdng Idn de'n NLCT cua DNVVN.
Cac nhin td'cdn Iai anh hffdng ye'u de'n NLCT cua DNNVV tai TP, Di Ning, bao gom: RD, VH va SX vdi cic he sd'Beta chuan hda lan lffdt la 0,064; 0,051 va 0,043. Kd't qui nay cung khang dinh cic gia thuyd't neu ra trong md hinh nghidn ctfu du'dc cha'p nhin va dtfdc kiem dinh phu hdp,
KET LUAN VA MOT SO KHUYEN NGH!
Kd't lu^n
Kd't qua nghien ctfu da chi ra dtfdc 8 nhan id'
inh htfdng den NLCT cua DNNVV tai TP. Da Nang, bao gom Nang tfc tii chtnh; Nguon nhan life; ^ang lffc cdng nghd; Nang lffc markeiing. NSng lffc quan ly; Nang lffc R&D: Tai san vd hinh; Nang lffc san xuit. Trong dd, cac nhin td': Nang lffc lii chinh, Nguon nhin li/c, Nang lffc cdng nghe, Ning lffc marketing va Nang lffc quan ly cd kha nang tic ddng manh de'n NLCT cua DNNVV tai TP. D i Ning.
Cic nhan id' cdn lai li: Nang lffc R&D, Tai sin vd hinh v i Nang lffc san xua't cd mffc do anh hffdng yd'u hdn de'n NLCT cua DNNVV tai TP. D i Nang.
Mot s6' khuyd'n nghi
De ning cao NLCT cua D N N W tai TP. D i Nang, trong thdi gian tdi, doanh nghidp can nhan thtfc ro tam quan trong cua nang Itfc tii chinh. vi nang Itfc nay cd mtfc inh hffdng ldn nha'l dd'n NLCT cua doanh nghiep va ttf do, dffa ra cic giii phip nham nang cao nang lffc tii chinh cho doanh nghidp.
Ngoai ra, doanh nghiep ciing cin tip trung vao viec ning cao trinh dp nhan Itfc, nang lffc cdng nghe, nang lffc marketing v i nang lffc quan ly ciing nhff chu trpng R&D, va'n de thffdng hidu...Q
TAI L I ? U THAM KHAO
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University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
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iO.Reiaee.F.. }a(an,M. (2016). Key Determinants of success to achieve su.stai>itr, advantage (SCA). Archives of Business Research, 4
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•nipetitive
^ to the ''prises.
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