NGHIEN ClAi • TRAO D 6 |
bao dam an todn tijy?t doi. Do dd, c i n quan tam lam tdt cdng tac an ninh, an todn, bao mat thdng tin, phdng chwig ed hi^u qua tdi phgm cdng ngh? cao;
• Cin tang cddng hgp tdc, ti-anh ttiu hd ti-g ve tdi chinh, ky ttiuat vd td van ciia ben ngodi, cdc to chdc qudc te de phat triln, tiep c|n nhanh vdi ti-inh do vd tieu chuan qudc t l , dda CNTT tiieo kip cdc nddc tien tien trong khu vdc.
Mpt sfi bai lioG hinh nghiem Td thiic tiln cdng tac lanh dgo, chi dao hogt ddng dng dung CNTT trong hoat dgng ngan hdng cua lanh dgo cap uy tai don vj ti-ong thdi gian qua, ed t h i riit ra
mdt so bai hoc kinh nghiem sau:
Mgt Id, cdng tac Oang phai gan liln vdi cdng tdc lanh dao, chi dao thifc hidn nhiem vy chinh tri cua dOn vi; cdc ddng chi d p uy phai la ndng cdt, etjng cac can bd dang vien gdong mdu di diu, tap hop qudn chung hoan thanh tdt nhat nhiem vy chinh ti-j dddc giao. Xay dung va thdc hien tdt Quy che phdi hop cdng tac gida Cap uy vdi Ban lanh dao chinh quyln vd cdc to chdc doan t h i qudn chung.
Hai la, CNTT Id ITnh vire phdt triln nhanh, d l dap dng yeu clu ngudn nhdn ldc cho nghien cdu, dng dyng CNTT hieu qua.
cdn dgc biet coi trgng cdng tdc to chdc cdn bg, quan tdm bdi dddng ddi ngu can bd tre, cd nang ldc ddp img nhu cau phdt trien thudng xuyen va idu dai cua dc^ vi.
Ba la, day manh edng tdc truyin thdng, tdp hap va tao sd ddng ttiudn ti-ong b i l n khai eac dd dn hien dai hod cdng nghe ngan hang la y l u td quan trong dam bao cdc dd dn tin hoe gdn vdi nghidp vy thdnh cdng.
Bon la, doi mdi cdng tdc smh hoat chi bd, phdi hgp vdi Idnh dao don vi ti-iln khai eac cdng viec chuyen mdn trong tdm vd to chdc cdc budi smh hoat chuyen dh gdn vdi cac nhiem vy dgc thu cua dan \4B
v/Ngan hang Viet Nam trudc ngudng cua AEC
Cuoi nam 2015 iif kien Cpng }6ng kinh te iSm imW Economic Community- A£C) ra Jcfi, tiit chi con vai tliang ngdn ngui. 6ay la sU kien Ion, CO y nghio quon trgng trong mi rpng t u do lioo tlij trudng hang hoa, dich vu, im tu' va dong von, dong thcri te ky vpng se dem lai cO hpi phat trien manh me cua thj trudng tai chinh cac nuo'c AEC noi chung vd Viet Nom noi rieng. fia co mpt so bdi vilt vd hpi thdo te nhOng khia canh rieng le ciia vdn de ndy. Bdi viet ndy M phdn tich but tranh tdng the v l boi cdnh cung cac ccr hpi, thdch thiic trong linh vuc hopt dpng ngdn hdng md Viet Nam se phdi doi mat khi
thom gio AEC.
AEC va [inh m nian hang
Khi AEC hinh thanh, trong ITnh VLTC ngSn hang s6 co 4 yeu to dang quan tam la tir do hoa ve dich vu tai chinh, nghTa ia cac ng^n hang phai hr do cung img cac dich vu tai chinh cho tat ca ngi/cli dan khu virc ASEAN; t^r do hoa v l tai ithoan von, tiTc dong von se l i ^ chuyen tir do giira cac nudc ASEAN vdi nhau; tir do h6a phat trien thi trudng von; va hoi nh|p ve he thong thanh toan va co s6 ha t i n g tai chinh ngan hang. Theo dif kien, d^n nam 2020 se xoa bd mpi rao can va khac bigt trong nganh ngan hang giOa c^c quoc gia trong Idioi d l tao ra mgt he tiiong ngSn hang AEC hoat dong binh TAP CHi TIN HOC NGAN HANG # s 6 6 < 1 5 4 ) - 9 / 2 0 1 5 • 5
N G H I E N CUrU - TRAO o 6 l
ddng vdl ngdn hdng sd tgi cua bat ky quoc gia ttianh vien ndo trong khdi.
ASEAN cd kha nhilu ITnh vdc lien quan trdc tiep den hoat ddng tai chinh, ngdn hang nhd chdong trinh ket ndi thi trddng chdng khodn, hiep dmh khung v l k i t ndi ngan hang trong khoi, chuang Irinh phat trien ket cau hg tdng. Viec dd bo kiem sodt vd han c h i von nhd xda bd han che doi vdl cac giao dich tren tai khoan vang lai, xda bo hgn che doi vdi hogt dgng dau tdtrdc tiep nddc ngoai va danh mue diu td, se ndng cao lgi the cua ddng chu chuyen vdn td do trong ASEAN.
Trong khudn kho AEC, cac nddc thanh vien cung phai tgo ra mdt san chai binh ding cho ngdn hdng cdc nude thanh vien khde hogt ddng tren lanh thd cua minh bang each xda bd nhOng khac biet phap ly mang tinh phdn biet ddi xd. Vi du, ndi long hgn che ddi vdi giao djch mua ban ngoai tf, thanh toan cho cae giao djch chuyin tiln. Hodc, mdc chenh lech v l ty 1^ vdn an todn tdi thieu hien nay dang di/gc dp ddt gida cdc nifdc, hay cho ngdn hang ngi dia vd ngdn hdng nddc ngoai trong mdi nudc, se dirac tim each giam thilu.
Trong qua trinh hgi nhgp, he thdng tdi chinh trong AEC ed t h i hd trg, cung Cmg dich vu ddi vdl doanh nghidp, bao gdm thanh toan qudc te; tai tro thdong mai;
phdng ngda riJi ro ty gid, rui ro lai su^t, rui ro gid chdng khoan; ban cheo san pham ngan hang • bao hiem - chCmg khodn; td vln thdng tin, cung cap bao cdo phdn ti'ch thi trudng, xu the; xuc tien diu td, thddng mgi ti-ong nude va qua cac hiep hdi; thiet ke va to chdc cdc chuong trinh ddo tao, nhat la ddi vc^
doanh nghigp vda va nhd.
Nhdng bien phdp ndi trdn duoc ky vong se tiiuc dly sd ht;^ nhat vd tgo ra nhdng ngdn hdng khu vyc Idn v l quy md, phgm
VI vd hidu qua d l canh tranh tren tdm qudc te. Chimg cung se giup tang cirdng phgm vi che phu va mdc dg phyc vu nganh ngan hang d nhdng viJng, nhiing ngdnh md mdc do tiidm nhap va phuc vu eua cdc djch vy ngdn hang vdn cdn thap.
Hoat ilong ngan hang tnldc thim AEC Don ddu xu ttie hdi nhdp dang den g i n , nhilu ngdn hang thdong mai cua cae nddc ASEAN, ke ca cac ngan hang thdong mgi Viet Nam, dang tang cifdng sd hi^n dien thddng mai d cae nddc trong khdi. Xu hddng md rdng co hpi diu td ra ngoai lanh tho, phuc vy cdng ddng doanh nghiep va thuc day quan he thdOng mgi, dau td, du Ijeh gii3a cae nude thdnh vien se tiep tue tdng len khi AEC chinh tilde di vdo hoat ddng. Tuy nhien, mdi nddc xdy ddng mdt Id trinh thich hap, phli hop vdi minh.
Mdt ddc diem dang quan tdm la trinh do phdt triln thi trifdng tai chinh gida cac nddc ASEAN rat khae nhau, dae biet ve quy md tdi san ngdn hang vd mdc vdn hda thi trddng. Tong tai san trung binh cua mdt ngdn hang Singapore vd Malaysia la khoang 15 ty USD, eua Thai Lan Id 10 ty USD, bong khi tgi cac quoc gia khac vdo khoang 3 ty USD. Trong khu vdc ASEAN, chi cd 3 ngan hang cua Singapore va 1 ngan hang eiia Malaysia lot vao top 100 ngan hang hang ddu tiie gidi v l gid trj vdn hda thj trddng. Mat khdc, trinh dd phdt triln eua cdc td ehde tin dyng cung khac nhau rat Idn. Tai cac nddc ASEAN 5 bao gdm Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines vd Thai Lan, thi trddng tai chinh phat t n l n kha dly dfi, ti-ong khi tai ede qudc gia cdn lai, cdc to chdc tai chinh phi ngdn hang vd cac dinh che hoat ddng ti-en thi trddng vdn mdi d giai dogn ddu phdt t n l n . Myanmar hien vdn chifa cd san giao djch chiing khoan va mdi phat hdnh tiie tin
dung ndi ^ a ddu tien vdo nam 2013.
Trong tilde te, tan dyng co hdi eua AEC, mdt so ngan hdng thdong mgi tai cac nddc ASEAN dang ed ke hogch nang cao sd hien dien cfla minh tgi Viet Nam. Theo ttidng ke, din nay ttij ti-ddng Viet Nam da cd han 50 van phdng dai di?n cOa cac ngdn hdng nddc ngoai, 50 ehi nhdnh ngdn hang nddc ngoai, 6 ngdn hang 100% von nude ngoai vd 4 ngan hang lien doanh. Thang 3/2015, ngdn hang Kasikorn cua Thai Lan da thanh lap hai van phdng dai dien tgi Ha Ndi vd TP.HCM, vd cd t h i tiep tijc md them nhilu van phdng vd ehi nhanh sau khi dddc Ngdn hang Nhd nddc Viet Nam cap phdp. Ngan hdng ndy da tdng cd qua trinh hap tde vdi hai ngdn hang Idn cua Viet Nam la Vietinbank vd Agribank. CQng trong thdng 3 vda qua, ngan hang Public Bank Berhad (PBB) eija Malaysia dang lien doanh tai Viet Nam da dddc ch^p thuan v l nguyen tdc d l ehuyin doi thdnh ngan hang 100% vdn ni/de ngodi tai Vi?t Nam. Trddc dd, Ngdn hdng Phat triin Singapore (DBS) vd Maybank (Malaysia) eung da cd mgt tai thj trddng Vi^t Nam, Mdi day nhat, Bd Ke hogch vd Ddu td vira kiln nghi Thij ti/dng Chinh phu giao Ngdn hang Nha nddc sdm xem xet, cap ph^p hoat dgng cho Ngdn hang UOB (Singapore) 100% vdn nddc ngoai tgi Viet Nam.
Trong khi dd, cac ngdn hdng Viet Nam eh? mdi thdm nhap ra thj trddng ndi khdi kha khiem tdn. Tgi Ldo, 4 ngdn hdng Vift Nam dang ed mat bao gom Vietinbank, BIDV, Ngan hang Qudn Ddi va Sacombank. Tai thj trddng Campuchia, ed 5 ngdn hang bao gdm Ngdn hdng Qudn Ddi, Sacombank, BIDV, SHB, Agribank. Tai ttij trddng tilm nang Myanmar, mcri chi cd duy nhat BIDV cd van phdng dai dien vd tgi thj trddng phdt 6 « TAP Ct^ TIN HOC NGAN HANG • s6 6(154) - 9/2015
NGHIEN Cl2U - TRAO f>6l
trien nhat khu vuc la Singapore mdi chi cd duy nhit Vietcombank cd van phdng dai dien.
Tuy nhien, viec md chi nhanh hay van phdng dgi dien d nudc khdc trong khu vdc ehi Id bddc di ban ddu ciJa qud trinh hgi nhap. Nhdng ttidong vy mua ban, sap nhdp (M&A) trong ITnh vdc tdi chinh mdi Id dgng tiiai quan trgng de dem den nhdng nguon vdn Idn, nhdng thay doi cdn ban v l san pham, djch vu tdi chinh ngdn hang. Theo Id trinh da cam kit, den ndm 2015, Viet Nam se phai xda bd eac han ehl ve diu td trong ngdnh ngdn hdng, bSo hiem va thj trddng vdn. Chang han, gidi han tdi da ty le sd hdu cua nha ddu tu ni/de ngoai ddi vdi ITnh vi/e ngan hdng hien nay la 30%, ddi vdi Tnh vdc bao hiem vd ehdng khoan Id 49%. Tuy nhien, theo cam k i t v l td do hda dich vu, din cudi ndm 2015, cdc nddc se phai md cda tat ca cac ngdnh dich vy va nha diu td trong khdl cd t h i tbam gia tdi mdc 70% vdn.
Nlian di^n cac c0119I va tliach thirc Cd the thiy rang, khi cac cam ket dddc hien thdc hda, sd hifn dien cua cae nhd dau td nddc ngodi tgi Viet Nam se mang lgi CO hdi cho ngddi tieu diing ed sd lya chgn da dang hon ddi vdi cac san pham djch vu tai chinh. Ti; do hda ddu td vd ddng vdn se tgo thuan lgi de phdt trien thi trddng tai chinh ti-ong nddc d bde eao hon. Vi?c td do ludn chuyen cac ddng vdn dau h/cua AEC se khien quy md cija thi ti-ddng tai chinh tdng len dang k l vd trd thanh kenh huy ddng vdn quan trgng eiia doanh nghiep, ddp dng cdc nhu cau v l vdn de phat t n l n kinh te.
Mgt khi AEC ddOc hinh thanh, tiii ti-ddng tdi chinh Vi?t Nam se ddng ti-ddc nhilu dilu kien thudn lgi de ndng cao chat lifgng san phim djch vy tai chinh, td dd ddp dng tdt hon cdc nhu c l u vdn trong
nddc. Cac doanh nghiep trong ITnh vdc ngdn hang, bao hilm, chimg khodn cua Vi?t Nam cd ca hdi md rgng ttij phln va tilp can vdi cdng nghe quan trj tien tien, hien dai. Cdc ngan hdng Viet Nam cd the md rdng dddc mang Iddi hoat ddng eua minh ra ca thj hifdng ASEAN vdi chi phi thap hon nhieu so vdi hien nay.
Tuy nhien, sd tham nhdp sdu cua cae ngdn hdng nddc ngodi, nhit Id cae ngan hang d cdc qudc gia ASEAN 5 vdi the manh v l nguon vdn, mang Iddi, da dang ve san pham, se lam cho thj ti-ddng ngdn hang ndi dia bao hda vd tao dp luc cgnh tranh gay gat ddi vdi cac ngan hang trong ni/dc. Ben canh viee phyc vu nhu eau tai chinh eho hogt dgng ddu td cua ede doanh nghiep nddc ngodi, eac ngdn hdng ngogi cung cd kha ndng thu hut khach hang la doanh nghidp dia phdOng difa vao uy tin thdong hieu tren thi ti-ddng cQng nhd sdc manh tai chinh ddi dao td cae edng ty me.
Ngoai ra, do cd mang Iddi hogt ddng rdng rai, ede ngdn hang trong khu vdc khdng ehl cd khdch hang quen td nddc minh, md cdn cd t h i ndm gid khdch hang tgi nhilu qudc gia khae cd y dinh dau td vdo Viet Nam. Chdng hgn, ngdn hang Bangkok ehi nhanh Viet Nam khdng chi phyc vy khdch hang Thai Lan, md cdn thu hilt ddOe nhilu doanh nghiep Trung Qudc cd y dinh dau td vao Viet Nam nhd td lau dd thiet ldp ddOc mang ludi chi nhanh d Trung Qudc. Hon niJa, ddi vdi nhilu tap doan nddc ngoai ddu td vao Vlft Nam, cdc ngdn hdng trong nddc cung khdng cd nhilu co hdi, bdi ttiddng ddng vdn FDI do vdo dau, ngdn hang cija nddc sd tgi se ttieo tdi dd.
GDI V mot s6 giai phap cho cac ngan hang Viet
Vlft Nam dang can nhac tdi co cau h | thdng ngan hang ndi dja vdi myc tidu
eung ed hoat ddng trong nddc va xdy ddng nhiing ngan hang ed quy md cap khu vdc. Tuy nhien, khdng chi van d l quy md tdi san ngan hdng va mdc vdn hda thi tn/dng, ngdnh ngdn hdng edn c i n phai ndng cao chat Idgng dich vu, san pham. D I cd t h i canh tranh vdi cae ngdn hdng trong khu vu'c khi tham gia AEC, cdc ngdn hang trong nddc cdn cam k i t nd luc giam thieu thu tiJC hdnh chinh, ndng cao chat Idtmg dich vu; tiep tye doi mdi cdng nghe, tgo ra nhilu san phim, djch vy thiet thdc phyc vu cho eac hoat dgng xuat nhdp khau, ddu td, td van;
ndng cao kha nang hgi nhap, tdng cddng k i t ndi vdi he thdng dmh che tai chinh qudc te. Mat khae, cac ngdn hang ed dieu kien cd the hgp tdc vdi cac ngdn hdng trong khdi nhd DBS, OCBC hay Maybank, de ciing nhau phat trien.
Mdt van d l quan ti-ong khde Id nhan dien vd gidm sat riii ro he thdng tdi chinh trong dilu kifn ttij tn/dng chung khu vyc ASEAN, mdt yeu c l u thiet yeu ddi vdi moi qudc gia, nhat la vdi cdc nddc dang trong giai doan phat triln vd hodn thien the che kmh te thi trddng. Vi vdy, hf thdng tai chinh Viet Nam cdn dng dung cac md hinh phdn tich dmh li/ong, canh bao sdm, kiem dinh riJi ro ddi vdi tdng djnh che tdi chinh rieng le cung nhd toan he thdng tdi chinh d l nang cao hieu qua eua hoat dpng gidm sdt td xa, phuc vu tdt hon cho hoat ddng dilu hanh vTmd vd dn djnh kmh t l . Chiing ta cung edn phai than trgng vd canh gidc ddi vdi cdc hgat ddng rda tien, gian lan thuong mai qua bien gidi vd trdn thul, ddi khi ddgc ket hop vdl cdc hoat ddng tai chinh ttidOng mai. Trade nhOng mdi de doa ndy, ddi hdi phai cd sd nhdn thdc ddy du va tham gia tich cdc khdng chi cua cdc co quan quan ly, md cdn cua cdc ngdn hang vd tat ea cdc thdnh vien tiiam gia khu vdc kmh te td nhdna
TiftPCHlTINHQCNGANHANG • s 6 6(154) - 9/2015 • 7
