^ t ^ ^ ^ G l A O DUC - Y T J - DU LICH
Ciian tiiinmg trong tiianii tiiieu nien Viet Nam iiien nay:
Thuc trang va khuyen nghj
PGS.TS. LE c u LINH Dgi hgc Y te cong cong Hd Noi
Dieu tra Quoc gia ve vj thanh nien va thanh nien (ggi tat la SAVY) lan thu nhat da dugc tien hanh vao nam 2005 (SAVY 1), tiep theo la cugc dieu tra lan thu hai dugc tien hanh vao nam 2009 (SAVY 2) va da duge cong bo vao thang 6/2010. Day la cugc dieu tra c6 su phoi hgp giua nhieu co quan, td chuc trong nuoc va quoc te, dugc thuc hien vdi sir tham gia cua tren 10.044 thanh thieu nien tu 14 - 215 tudi tai 63 tinh/thanh pho. Bai viet nay xin phan tieh sau ve tinh hinh chan thuong trong thanh thieu nien Viet Nam hien nay.
Hinh 1: Ty le chan thuong khong gay tti vong trong vong 12 thang qua theo gioi va khu vtic: so sanh giira SAVY1 va SAVY21
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SAVY 2
mnh 2: Noi xay ra tai nan/thirong tich (%)
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2-2011
Clian thuong va cac yeu to lien quan
Kdt qua nghidn ciru d SAVY2 chl ra ring 6,6% tiianh thidu nidn ttong dp tudi tir 14-25 bi chan thuong ttong vdng 12 thang trudc (tiiip hon ty Id 7,4%
trong nghidn ciiu SAVYl). Ty Id nay d cac nhdm tudi 14-17, 18-21 va 22-25 ddu thip hon so vdi SAVYl, d miic lin lugt la 5,3%, 8,2% va 7,3%. Nam gidi cd ty Id chan thuong cao ban nu nhung muc chdnh lech so vdi nii gidi thap ban (8,0% va 5,2% so vdi 11,0% va 3,7%
ttong SAVY 1). Kdt qua SAVY2 cho thiy ty Id chan thuong d vi thanh nidn va thanh nidn cao hon ty Id dugc bao cao trong Didu tra chin thuong qudc gia
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GIAO DUC - Y Tg • DU L I C H ^ ^ j ^
nam 2001 (VMIS). Tinh theo khu vuc dia ly, ty Id chin thuang d khu vuc Bac Trung Bp la thip nhit (4,2%), chi bang gan mpt nua so vdi ty Id ehan thirong d khu vuc ven bidn midn Trung va Ddng Nam Bp .(ddu la 8,3%). Trong nghidn
ciru SAVYl ty Id chin thuong thap nhat d vung Ddng bang sdng Hdng (5,4%), d phia nam cao hon phia bac va cao nhat d viing Ddng Nam Bp (10,7%).
Cung tuong tu, trong Didu tra chin thuong qudc gia nam 2001: ty Id chin thuang d phia nam cao hon phia bac.
Mdt didu quan trpng la cd
! thay ddi vd sii khac bidt giua nam va nii. Trong SAVYl, nam vi thanh nidn d thanh thi cd ty Id chin thuong cao nhat (13,9%), tidp dd la nam d ndng thdn (10%), nii d thanh thi (5%) va thip nhit la nii d ndng thdn (3,3%). Tuy nhidn, 5 nam sau, kdt qua nghidn cuu SAVY2 cho thiy ty Id chin tiiuong d nam gidi ca d thanh thi lan ndng thdn ddu giam (7% d thanh thi va 8,3% d ndng thdn), trong khi dd ty Id nay d nii sdng tai thanh thi tang ldn ddn 7,6% va d nii tai ndng thdn ciing tang nhe.
SAVY2 cho thiy cd su thay ddi vd md hinh chin thuang khdng gay tu vong. Khae vdi SAVYl, tai cae khu vuc thanh thi, ty Id chin thuang nam gidi hiu hdt cac nhdm tudi ddu thap hon ty Id chin thuong d nii gidi.
Lin diu tidn, ty Id chin tiiuong d nam gidi tai ndng thdn cao ban ty Id chin tiiuong d nam
Hinh 3: Ty le chan thuong trong vong 12 thang qua theo gidi va nhom tuoi:
so sanh giira cac nghien ciru SAVYl, SAVY2 va VMIS
14.0 12.0 10.0
14-17 18-21122-25! 14-25 14-17 i 18-21122-25114-25
VMIS SAWl
14-17| 18-21 |22-25|M-2S SAVY2
Hinh 4: Ty le luon ludn dpi mu bao hiem theo gioi va khu vtrc nong thon/thanh thj
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•Thinhthl-iHin • Thinh tiij-niir • N » n ( thin-nam •N6n(thSn-n(i'
theo nhdm tudi, nhdm tudi eao hon (22-25) lai chidm ty Id cao hoh trudc. Tdm lai, chan thuong van la mpt ganh nang bdnh tat ddi vdi vi thanh nidn va thanh nidn d Viet Nam nhung mpt xu thd mdi dang lo ngai dang xuat hidn dd la cd sii gia tang ty Id ehan thuong d nu gidi.
Tuong tu nhu kdt qua nghidn ciiu VMIS va SAVYl, sd lieu SAVY2 cho thay chan tiiuong gidi tai thanh thi. O nu gidi, ty thirdng hay xay ra nhit trdn
trdn dudng phd vdi chan thuong tai nha hay d noi lam vide ldn ban rit nhidu so vdi trudc. Cu thd', SAVY2 cho thiy chan thuong trdn dudng phd chidm tdi 73,3% trong tdng s6 cac trudng hgp chin thuong (con sd nay trong SAVYl chl la 59,8%). Ty Id nay d nir gidi cao hon nam gidi, nhat la d tiianh thi 75,3% d nam so VOT 85,9% d nir.
Trong nghidn ciiu SAVY2, thuang ndi chung khdng
)'i nhung khi phan tich
dudng phd (Hinh 2). Hidn nay, cd su khac bidt cd y nghia tiidng khoang each giira chin tiiuong kd vd dia didm xay ra chSn
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Viet Mam
SO 2 - 2011
y ! ^ GIAO DUC - Y T^ - DU LjCH
Giao due hgc sinh nho tuoiy thiirc an toan
thuong giiia nam va nu. Nu gidi cd ty Id chan thuong tai nha cao hon nam gidi (10,8% so vdi 8,4%, p<0,05) nhung cd ty Id chan thuong tai noi lam vide thap hon (4,4% so vdi 11,9%). Su khac bidt vd gidi ttong ty Id chan thuong giao thdng d SAVYl la 59,3% d nam so vdi 61,3% d nii.
Trong SAVY2, ty Id chin tiiuong giao thdng d nam la 69,3% so vdi 79,6% d nir. Didu nay cho tiiiy tai nan giao tiidng chidm phin ldn ttong tdng sd cac loai chin tiiuong va cd xu hudng tang ldn ddi vdi nu. Ty Id tai nan giao thdng ndi chung tang ldn do ty 1? sii diing xe may tang cao hon va mat dp giao thdng ngay cang day dac d Viet Nam ttong nhung nam gin day. SAVY cho tiiiy ty Id chin thuong giao tiidng d thanh thi cao hon (80,5% so vdi 70,5%, p<0,05).
Didu nay phu hgp vdi tiiuc td thanh tiiidu nidn tiianh tiii tiiudng xuydn su dtang xe may va cd ty Id dpi mu bao hidm thSp.
SO 2 - 2 0 1 1
giao thong thong la muc tieu Idn
Hanh vi lai xe may va si> dung mu bao hie^m
Kdt qua SAVYl cho thiy tai nan giao thdng d thanh thidu nidn Viet Nam da trd thanh mdi quan ngai d pham vi qudc gia.
Nhin chung, 75% thanh thidu nidn da tiing lai xe may hoac ngdi sau xe may do ngirdi khae lai (ty Id nay d SAVYl chi la 54,2%). Con sd nay tang ldn theo nhdm tudi: 59,3% d nhdm tud'i 14-17, 88,7% d nhdm 18- 21 tudi va 90,4% d nhdm 22-25 tudi (cac ty Id tuang iing d SAVYl la 36,6%, 67,1% va 70,5%). Nam gidi lai xe may nhidu ban nir gidi: 82,4% so vdi 67,4% (cac ty Id nay d SAVYl la 63,8% so vdi 44,6%). Thanh thidu nidn dan tpc Kinh/Hoa cd ty Id lai xe may cao ban so vdi cac dan tpc khac (76,1% so vdi 68,8%), ty Id lin lugt la 59,3% d nhdm 14-
17 tudi, 90,8% d nhdm 18-21 tudi va 93,7% d nhdm 22-25 tudi. Cae dan tpc khac cd ty Id
lai xe may theo nhdm tudi lan lugt la 59,6% d nhdm 14-17 tud'i, 77,5% d nhdm 18-21 tudi va 73,7% d nhdm 22-25 tud'i.
Cd su khae bidt ldn giira ndng thdn va thanh thi, dac bidt d nam gidi - la nhdm cd ty Id tiing sir dung xe may cao nhat. Ty Id nam gidi thupc nhdm tudi 22- 25, sdng d thanh thi, sti- dung xe may la 99%; ty Id nay d nii gidi sdng tai thanh thi la 94,2% (ty Id nay d SAVYl ddi vdi nhdm tudi 22-25 lin lugt la 80,2% va 45,2%). Ca SAVYl va SAVY2 deu cd chung mpt xu hudng la ty Id tung lai xe may tang ldn theo tudi d ca nam ian nii, ndng thdn cung nhu thanh thi. Tuy nhidn, sau 5 nam khoang each vd ty Id sii dung xe may giiia ndng thdn va thanh thi da thu hep lai, didu nay cd lidn quan tdi qua trinh dd thi hda nhanh chdng cung nhu vide muc sdng va thu nhap cua ngudi dan ndng thdn da dugc cai thidn. Mat khac, cung gdp phan ly giai vide nguy co chan thuong giao thdng tang ldn d thanh thidu nidn, dac bidt la d nam thanh thidu nidn thanh thi.
Vide dpi mu bao hid'm chinh thiic trd thanh bat bupc ddi vdi ngudi dan Viet Nam tii thang 12 nam 2007, da ly giai t^i sao ty Id sii dung mu bao hidm d SAVY2 cao ban rit nhidu so vdi SAVYl. Cu the d SAVYl, ty Id thudng xuydn dpi mu bao hid'm la 26,2% (29,7% d nam va 22,7% d nir). Phan tich theo nhdm tud'i, ty Id nay la 19,9%
vdi nhdm tud'i 14-17, 28,2%
vdi nhdm tud'i 18-21 va 35,9%
vdi nhdm tudi 22-25. O SAVY2, ty Id dpi mQ bao hid'm
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Vidt !>iain
GIAO DUC - Y TE - DU U C H ^ ^ ^ ^
cao hon rat nhidu: 73,6% (ty Id cho tirng nhdm tud'i lin lugt la 63,9%, 78,6% va 82,7%). Nhin chung, trong nghidn ciru SAVY2, ty Id sii- dung mu bao hiehi d tat ca cac viing, khu vuc ddu cao hon so vdi SAVYl.
Tuy nhidn, khi so sanh vdi mdt sd didu tra khae, ty Id su dung mu bao hidm do-vi thanh nidn ttr tra ldi trong SAVY2 vin thap hon so vdi cac sd lieu quan sat tai chd, hay so vdi nghidn ciru tidn hanh tai 3 tinh do Td chirc Y td Thd gidi va Trudng Dai hpc Y td Cdng cpng phdi hgp thuc hidn.
Trong SAVY2, khdng cd su khac bidt ldn giiia ndng thdn va thanh thi vd vide dpi mii bao hidm, nhung ty Id dpi mu bao hidm theo nhdm tud'i, trong SAVY2 ed su khac bidt vdi SAVYl. Trong sd nhiing ngudi tung lai xe may trong SAVYl, nam thanh tiiidu nidn ndng thdn ttong dp tud'i 22-25 ed ty Id su- dung mu bao hidm cao nhit (44,5%), sau dd' ddn nam vi thanh nidn thanh thi cung dp tudi (36,4%), tidp ddn la nam vi thanh nidn ndng thdn ttong dp tudi tir 18-21 (34,2%). Xu hudng nay hidn nay da tiiay ddi, ddi vdi ca nam lan nii sinh sdng tai thanh thi, ty Id sir dung mii bao hiem cao hon nhiing ngudi sdng d ndng thdn. Ty Id dpi mu bao hidm d nam tiianh thidu nidn ndng tiidn ttong SAVY2 cao gip hon hai lin so vdi ty Id nay ttong SAVYl (62,9% so vdi 30,9%), ty Id nay d nhdm nu tiianh tiiidu nidn ndng thdn la 78,9% (so vdi tyle 23,1% d SAVYl).
Tuong tu nhu vay, theo SAVY2, d tiianh thi, ty Id nam
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Kinhte-Xahdi
V i ^ t I^am
Hinh 5: Ty le luon luon dpi mu bao hiem khi di xe may theo khu vtic dja ly
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• 22-25 «14-25
gidi dpi mu bao hidm la 79,8%
(trong SAVYl ty Id nay la 25,7%) va ty Id nii gidi dpi mu bao hidm la 89,3% (ty Id nay trong SAVYl la 21,4%). Nir thanh thidu nidn thanh thi la nhdm ed ty Id sir dung mu bao hidm khi di xe may cao nhat day la mpt chuydn bidn ldn sau 5 nam.
Trong SAVYl, thanh thidu nidn dugc hdi vd cac ydu td anh hudng ddn vide thudng xuydn dpi mii bao hid'm cho kdt qua:
51,9% tra ldi ring cac quy dinh luat phap da anh hudng ddn quydt dinh su dtang mii bao hidm cua hp; 37% ndi ring hg dpi mu bao hiem la do da nhin thiy tai nan hay ngudi chdt do tai nan giao thdng va chi cd 4%
ndi rang hg dugc giao dtac vd hanh vi dpi mu bao hid'm. Rd rang la cac quy dinh phap luat vd vide dpi mii bao hidm da cd tac dpng manh me ldn hanh vi ciia thanh thidu nidn.
Trong SAVY2, khi vide dpi mu bao hiem ttd nen bit bupc ttdn mpi tuydn dudng tiii ty Id ludn ludn dpi mii bao hidm d cac tinh phia nam nhin chung lai cao hom cac tinh nudn Bic.
Cia thd la, d khu vuc Ddng Nam Bp, noi cd mat dp dan so va giao thdng day dac nhit trong ca nudc, ty Id ludn ludn dpi mu bao hidm khi di xe may trong SAVY 1 la tiiip nhit, chi dat 17,2% - nhung sang ddn SAVY2 ty Id nay da tang ldn tdi 86%, chi diing sau khu vuc Ddng bang sdng Cuu Long noi ma ty le nay dat muc 94,4%.
Tuong tu nhu ty Id ludn luon dpi mii bao hidm theo viing midn trong hinh 5, ty Id thinh thoang dpi mii bao hidm trong vdng 6 thang qua ciing cho thiy xu hudng thanh thidu nidn d cac viing phia nam cd mirc dp do thi hda cao hon tuan thu quy dinh dpi mii bao hidm tdt hon.
Ben canh dd, SAVY2 cung dat cau hdi: "Trong vdng 6 thang qua ban da bao gid bi phat vi khdng dpi mii bao hiem chua?"
Kdt qua cho thiy ty Id bi phat cao nhat d nhirng vung cd ty Id tuan thii quy dinh dpi mu bao hidm cao nhit va cd ty Id "thinh thoang khdng dpi mii bao hid'm" thip nhit. Cu thd' la thanh thidu nidn d vung Ddng Nam Bp cd ty Id bi phat la 15,3%, ty Id nay d viing Ddng
SO 2-2011
y ^ f ^ ' ^ G J A O DUC - Y T g DU U C H
Hinh 6: Ty le tung bj tai nan giao thong theo gioi, tudi va khu viic nong thon/thanh thj
•niMilhl-nani •ThMitN-nlk •liai«lhta-ii>in •Nanflkta-iiil'
Hinh 7: Ty le tting bj chan thuomg giao thong trong vong 12 thang qua theo gioi, tudi va khu viic nong thon/thanh thj
14-17 18-21 22-25 14-25
• Thlnttthl-iism '"'Thinlithl-nar •Nangtii6n-nam •NAn(tb6n-nff
bang sdng Cuu Long la 12,7%, d viing Cao nguydn Trung Bp la 12,6%, d viing ven bidn midn Tmng la 7,0%, d viing Bic Trung Bp la 9,1%, d khu vuc Tay Bic la 4,2%, d khu vtrc Ddng Bic Bp la 5,0% va khu vuc Ddng bang sdng Hdng la 6,6 %. Mac du khdng tiid' chi rd mdi quan he nhan qua tii sd lieu ciia mpt nghidn ciiu cat ngang nhu SAVY nhung kdt qua nay ciing ggi y rang vide thuc thi lu$t chat che hon d cac tinh va khu vuc phia Nam ed thd cd tac dpng tdi ty Id tuan thu quy dinh bit bupc dpi mu bao hidm.
2-2011
Chan thuong giao thong va hanh vi uong rugu bia
Ty Id hidn mic chin thuong giao thdng, theo kdt qua SAVY2 dua ra thip hon so vdi SAVYl (10,6% so vdi 14,1%).
Khdng ngae nhidn khi ty Id nay d ea 2 gidi ddu giam, nhung sir khac bidt giiia nam va nii ttong SAVY2 da dugc tiiu hep lai. Ty Id chin thuang giao tiidng d nam la 11,9% so vdi 9,2% d nir (ty Id nay d SAVYl la 17,8%
ddi vdi nam va 10,4% ddi vdi nir). Ty Id nay d thanh thi eao hon cd y nghia thdng kd so vdi
ndng thdn (d thanh thi, ty Id nay la 13,7% ddi vdi nam va 14,1%
ddi vdi nir cdn d ndng thdn ty Id nay la 11,4% ddi vdi nam va 7,5% ddi vdi nir). Tuong ttr nhu ttong SAVYl, ty Id nay cao nhit d khu viorc Ddng Nam Bp, d mirc 16,3% (trong SAVYl la 26,9%) va thip nhit d khu viic Tay Bae, d miic 7,1% (ttong SAVYl la6,89fc).
Nhin chung, SAVY2 cd ty Id chin tuong giao thdng d khu vuc thanh thi thip ban; tuy nhidn nahi gidi cd miic dp giam ldn hon. Ngugc lai, ty Id chin thuong giao thdng d ndng thdn chua dugc cai thidn nhidu. Trdn thuc td, ty Id d ca nam ian nir thanh thidu nidn ndng thdn trong dp tudi 22-25 trong SAVY2 tham chi cdn cao hon so vdi SAVYl.
Cd 33,8% trong tdng sd nhiing ngudi tiing bi ehan thuong giao thdng cho bidt hp da bi chin thuang giao thdng ttong vdng 12 thang trudc khi tidn hanh didu tta. Ty Id chin thuong giao thdng ndi chung la 4,1% (4,9% ddi vdi nam va 3,4% ddi vdi nir). Ty Id nay tang ldn ddn 7,3% ttong nhdm nam gidi thupc dp tudi 18-21 va 6,7% nam gidi thupc dp tudi 22- 25. Ty Id nay ttong nhdm nii gidi tiiupc dp tud'i 18-21 va 22-25 lin lugt la 3,8% va 4,6%. Ndu phan tieh theo tinh ttang kinh td hp gia dinh, thanh thidu nidn sdng ttong cac gia dinh cd didu kidn kinh td trung binh cd ty Id chin tiiuong giao thdng dudng bp cao hon, d miic 4,9% so vdi ty Id 3,5% d tiianh nidu nidn sdng ttong cac hp gia dinh cd didu
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Vidt ^am
GIAO DUC Y TE - DU LICH ^ ^
kidn kinh td kem hon va ty Id 4,1% d thanh thidu rudn sdng trong cac gia dinh kha gia hon.
Hanh vi lai xe khi say rugu bia la mdi quan tam ldn cua cac chuong trinh phdng chdng chin thuong giao thdng. Kdt qua SAVY2 cho thay vide su dung rugu bia la kha phd bidn d thanh thidu nidn; khoang 80%
nam gidi va 36,5% nir gidi da tiing udng hdt mpt cdc bia/rugu.
Trong sd nhiing ngudi da tiing udng rugu bia, ed mpt phin ba cho bidt hp da tung lai xe may sau khi udng, tinh trang nay trd ndn phd bidn hon khi didu kidn kinh td kha gia hon va d thanh thi phd bidn ban d ndng thdn (35,8% d thanh thi va 31,6% d ndng thdn, p<0,01).
Dd CO thd hidu rd hon cac ydu td lidn quan vdi vide vi thanh nidn tiing bi chih thuong giao thdng dudng bp, mpt md hinh hdi quy logic da dugc thidt lap. Kdt qua dua ra cae ydu td lidn quan sau: Tud'i nhidu hon, la nam gidi, da timg say rugu bia, da tirng lai xe may sau khi udng rugu bia, khu viie dia ly.
Cu thd la thanh thidu nidn thupc hai nhdm tudi cao hon 18-21 va 22-25 lin lugt cd nguy co tung bi chan thuang giao thdng cao gap 1,6 ian va 1,9 ian so vdi thanh thidu nidn thupc nhdm tudi 14-17. Nam gidi ed nguy CO cao gip 1,3 lin so vdi nii gidi, thanh thidu nidn cho bidt da tung say rugu bia cd nguy co bi chin thuang giao thdng cao gip i,7 lin. Mpt thtic td quan trgng la nhung ngudi thira nhan tung lai xe may sau khi udng rugu bia cd nguy co bi chin thuong giao thdng cao hon gin
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V i e t iV'ani
2 ian. Khi phan tich theo khu vuc dia ly, thanh thidu nidn d vung Ddng Nam Bp cd nguy co chin thuang giao thdng cao gap 1,5 lin so vdi thanh thidu nidn sinh sdng d ddng bang sdng Cuu Long. Cac md hinh hdi quy trong SAVYl da cho thay tudi, gidi tinh va tiing say rugu bia la cac ydu td nguy co. Mpt ian niia, md hinh hdi quy da bidn trong SAVY2 lai khing dinh say rugu bia cd lidn quan chat che vdi nguy co bi chan thuang giao thdng dirdng bp. Trong vdng 5 nam qua, vide su dtang rugu bia ngay cang trd ndn phd bidn va phan ldn nhiing ngudi tre tudi ngay nay ddu sir dtang xe may, van dd lai xe va su dtang rugu bia cin duge xem la ttgng tam eua cac chuong ttinh phdng chdng chan thuong.
Ket luan va l(huyen nghj Biic tranh vd chin thirong khdng chii dinh, khdng gay tu vong d thanh thidu nidn Viet Nam trong SAVY2 cd nhidu didm tuong ddng vdi SAVYl.
Nhin chung, ty Id chin thuong giam nhe sau 5 nam. Cd 6,6%
thanh thidu nidn trong mlu nghidn cuu da tung bi chin thuang trong vdng 12 thang trudc cupc didu tra. Nhu SAVYl va cac nghidn cuu khac tai Viet Nam da chi ra, nam gidi cd nguy co chin thuong cao hon cd y nghia thdng kd so vdi nii gidi (8% so vdi 5,2%).
Tuy nhidn, su khac bidt giiia hai gidi trong SAVY2 da thu hep lai so vdi cac nghidn ciru trudc va md hinh khac bidt vd gidi da thay ddi. Trong SAVYl: nam sdng d thanh thi cd ty Id bi chin
thuong cao nhat (13,9%), tidp ddn la nam sdng d ndng thdn (10%) rdi ddn nii sdng d thanh thi (5%) va cudi ciing la nir sdng d ndng thdn (3,3%).
Trong SAVY2, ty le chin thuang d nam gidi d ca thanh thi va ndng thdn ddu giam (xudng cdn 7% d thanh thi va 8,3% d ndng thdn), trong khi ty Id chan thirong d nii sdjig tai thanh thi da tang ldn ddri 7,6%
va ty Id chan thuong d nii sdng tai ndng thdn cung tang nhe.
Nhu vay, nii thanh thidu nidn hidn nay cd nguy cd bi chin thirong eao ban.
Md hinh chan thuong trong SAVY2 rit gidng vdi SAVYl cung nhu cae nghien cihi khac d chd ty Id chin thuang d thanh thi cao hon so vdi nhirng viing kem phat tridn ban va hiu hdt tai nan, thirong tich ddu xay ra trdn dudng phd (73,3%). Tuy nhidn, chan thuang khdng co chu dinh trdn dudng phd sau 5 nam da trd ndn phd bidn d hon nir gidi.
Vdi tdc dp phat ttien kinh td va dd thi hda nhanh chdng ttong vdng 5 nam qua, tiianh tiiidu nidn ngay nay su dung xe may nhidu ban, khoang each giua ndng thdn, thanh tiii, giiia nam va nii vd ty Id su dung xe may da giam xudng dang ke. Nam vin sii- dung xe may nhidu ban nu:
82,4% so vdi 67,4% (ty Id nay ttong SAVYl la 63,8% so vdi 44,6%). Hidn nay, khdng co sii khac bidt giiia ndng thdn va thanh thi vd ty Id su dtang xe may d nam gidi, va sii khac bidt nay d nii gidi ehi edn 9% so vdi miic chdnh lech 20% eua 5 nam trudc.
Do phin ldn thanh thidu
SO 2 - 2011
^ ^ GIAO DUC - Y TJ • DU LjCH
nidn ngay nay ddu sii- dtmg xe may, hanh vi lai xe va su dung mu bao hidm la cac vin (&, miu chdt cin quan tam. Sau gin 2 nam ap dung quy dinh bit bupc dpi mu bao hid'm khi di xe may ttdn tat ea cac tuydn dirdng, ed thd' thiy rd mpt didu la quy dinh phap luat nay cd anh hudng rit tich cue d ca thanh thi lln ndng thdn. Bdn earth dd, sir khac bidt giira thanh thi va ndng thdn cung cho thay vide thuc thi quy dinh vd dpi mii bao hid'm (chang ban nhu kha nang bi phat) dan tdi ty Id su dung mii bao hiem d thanh thi cao ban d ndng thdn. Mac dil da cd nhiing thay ddi dang kd vd ty Id dpi mu bao hidm nhung xet mpt each cdng b ^ g , Viet Nam van can phai nd lue nhidu dd dat dugc muc tuan thu 100%. Thue td nam gidi su dung xe may nhidu hon nir gidi, vide hudng cac chidn dich tap trung vao ddi tugng nam gidi cd thd' la phii hgp, it nhat la trong tuong lai gan. "tuy nhidn, cung cd thd' thay rd rang nii gidi su dung xe may ngay cang nhidu hon ndn sau ddi tugng nam gidi, cd thd tiing budc thuc hidn cae chidn djch hudng tdi ddi tugng nay.
Trong SAVY2, ty Id chin thuong giao thdng dudng bp da giam Hon so vdi 5 nam trudc dd. Theo kdt qua SAVYl, thanh tiii va cac vung ddng dan cu d khu vuc phia nam cd ty Id chin thuang cao hon. Trong SAVY2, ty Id chin thuong gjam xudng, dac bidt la d ddi tugng nam gidi. Nguge lai, ty Id chin thuong giao thdng d ndng Uidn tiiay ddi khdng dang kd.
Cd thd' ty Id sur tiling mu bao
SO 2-2011
hidm d ndng thdn thap hon da khidn cho ty Id chin thirong giao thdng d khu vuc nay van giu d miie cao. Vide thuc hidn cac bidn phap tap trung nang cao ty Id dpi mu bao hidm d khu virc nay thdng qua giao due va ciing cd quy dinh phap luat vd dpi mu bao hid'm cd thd' se mang lai cac tac dpng tich cue.
Khdng chi su dung rugu bia ma ca mdi lidn quan giira hanh vi nay vdi vide su dung xe may ddu la cac van dd ndi cpm, thuc td cd tdi mpt phan ba ngudi tirng su dung rugu bia eho bidt hg da tung lai xe may. Tuong tii nhu vay, 62,1% nam gidi va 42,9%
nii gidi ndi ring hp da tung ngdi sau xe may do ngirdi viia udng rugu/bia lai. Phan tich da bidn mpt ian nira lai khang dinh sir dung va lam dung rugu bia cd lidn quan chat che vdi nguy ca bi chan thuong giao thdng.
Nhirng thanh thidu nidn cho bidt tiing bi say rugu bia cd nguy co ehan thuang giao thdng cao gap 1,7 lan so vdi nhiing ngudi chua tung say rugu bia. Sd lieu didu tra cho thay cac can thidp nham giam ty Id su dtang rugu bia va lai xe ed tae dpng manh me tdi vide giam ehan thuang.
Nhu'ng y nghTa ve mat chinh sach Trong khudn khd chinh saeh qudc gia vd phdng chdng tai nan, thuong tich (chinh sach nay hidn dang duge cap nhat, chinh sua), nhiing nd lioc phdng chdng chin thuong se dat dugc budc tidn dang ke ndu tap trung nhidu hon nua vao vide duy tri va giam sat vide thyc thi quy dinh phap luat vd dpi mu bao
hidm va cac bidn phap ngan ehan vide lai xe khi say rugu bia nham tang cudng cac hanh vi an toan giao thdng d thanh thidu nidn. Day la mpt y nghia chinh sach can dugc dac bidt uu tidn.
Vide cai thidn thiic thi quy dinh phap luat, bao gdm duy tri nghidm ngat cac quy dinh vd dpi mu bao hid'm (chang ban nhu giam sat bat bupc, xii phat d muc cao hon) se giiip cac chirong trinh phdng chdng chin thuong dat dugc hidu qua ldn ban. Trong sd cac ddi tugng muc tidu ciia cac chuang trinh va can thidp nay, vide hudng trgng tam vao ddi tugng nam thanh thidu nidn d ndng thdn va thanh thi cd thd cho phep dat duge hidu qua tich cue hon.
Nguy CO chan thuong giao thdng d nii gidi da tang ldn dang kd. Vi vay cac chinh sach vd phdng chdng chin thuong cho thanh thidu nidn can phai luu y didu nay khi xay dung cac bidn phap kid'm soat, phdng chdng.
Cac chuang trinh phdng chdng chan thuong se dat dugc nhirng thanh tuu ldn hon nira ndu cac chuong trinh nay lay hoc sinh nhd tud'i lam ddi tugng miac tidu cua cae chidn dich truydn thdng thay ddi hanh vi hay cac chuong trinh truydn thdng dai ehiing (vi ddi tugng nay se sdm dat dp tud'i vi thanh nidn - khi dd hg trd ndn co ddng hon nhidu, sir dung xe may va cae phuong tidn giao thdng nhidu hon va se dd cd hanh vi nguy CO cao vd an toan giao thdng nhu phdng nhanh vugt iu, khdng dpi mii bao hid'm khi di xe may, lai xe trong tinh ttang say rugu bia v.v...) Q
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