HOI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C V E SINH T H A I V A T A I N G U Y £ N SINH VAT L A N THO' 5
NHtTNG LOAI THirC VAT BAC CAO CO MACH QUi HIEM d KHU BAO TON THIEN NHIEN KHE RO (BAC GIANG)
NGUYEN KHAC KHOI, DO HtJtJ THlT, NGUYEN TIEN D C N G Vien Sinh thdi va Tdi nguyin sinh vgt, Vign Hdn ldm Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam NGUYEN THI YEN Trudng Dgi hgc Tdi nguyin vd Moi trudng
T R A N T H I PHU'ONG ANH
Bdo tdng Thiin nhien Viel Nam, Vien Hdn ldm Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh4 Viet Nam Khu Bdo t6n thien nhien (KBTTN) Khe Ro ndm tren dja ban xa An Lac, huyen Son Dpng, tinh Bdc Giang, vj tri dja ly atpa dp 21''17'24"-2r28'2r' vTdp Bdc vd !06''52'00"-107°02'l I"
kinh dp Dong, dipn tich tu nhien 5.673ha. Day la khu vuc ndm trong trung tdm vimg nui Dong BSc Bp, CO doi nui thdp n6i lien vai tinh Quang Ninh, dia hinh co dp cao 250-886m. KBTTN Khe Ro CO he thuc vdt nhiel dai phong phu dien hinh vai 1055 lodi, 577 chi vd 150 hp, nhieu loai CO gid trj su dyng vd gia tri khoa hpc, quy, hiem. Vi vdy nghien cuu nhung loai Ihuc vat bac cao CO mach quy, hiem a day co y nghTa khoa hoc va thuc tien nhdm cung cdp nhiing ddn lieu day dii va moi de bo sung ca sa khoa hoc phuc vu viec xdy dung cdc chuang trinh du an qudn IJ, bao ve, phat trien tdi nguyen thuc vat KBTTN Khe Ro.
I. PHU'aNG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
Ke thira cdc kk qua nghien cuu trong cdc cong trinh khoa hpc trong vd ngoai nuac. Dieu Ira thu th^p b6 sung mdu v^l va tu lipu nhflng ioai Ihuc vat quy, hiim a KBTTN Khe Ro. Nghien cihi mau vat va lu lieu luu trii" tp cdc ca sa nghien cOru thyc vat trong nuac va nuac ngoai;
II. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU
Nh&ng lodi lh\rc val bdc cao co mach quy, hiem a KBTTN Khe Ro la nhung lodi nam trong cdc npi dung sau:
1. Nhirng lodi thuc vat bac cao co mach quy hiem bi de doa co nguy ca tuyet chung ngoai thien nhien, co ten trong Sdch Do Viet Nam (2007) va Danh luc Do Viet Nam (2007)
6 KBTTN Khe R6 co 45 lodi thupc 38 chi va 28 hp (chiem 4,27%; 6,59%; 18,67% s6 loai, chi, hp o Khe R6), chi§m 10,51 % so loai thyc val bac cao c6 mach t^uy hiem ghi trong Sach Do Vi?l Nam (2007) (428 lodi), trong 3 phdn hang lieu chuan IUCN. Hdu het cac loai o phdn hang SS nguy cdp (VU): 35 lodi (80%), it han nhifiu Id Nguy cdp (EN) 9 loai (17,78%) vd Rai nguy cap (CR) chi c6 I loai (2,22%). Co 3 ngdnh chira cdc loai quy hiem. Magnoliophyta chiem hau het so lodi Id 42 lodi (93,33%) vdi phan hang VU Id 33 loai; EN la 8 lodi vd CR la I lodi; trong do lap Magnoliopsida nhieu gdp 20 lan lap Liliopsida. Pinophyta rdt it loai vai 2 lodi (4,44%) o EN c6 I lodi vd VU co 1 loai. Polypodiophyta chi c6 1 loai a phdn hang VU (2,22%). Danh sdch cdc loai nhu sau:
Phan hang VU co: Tde ke dk-Drynaria bonii H. Christ (Polypodiaceae); Ink balansa-Cyc^i' balansae Warb. (Cycadaceae); Gpi txa-Agkua speclabilis (Miq.) Jain & Bennel., Ldt hoa- Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. (Meliaceae); Thoi chanh hac-Alangium tonkinense Gagnep.
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(Alangiaceae); Khoi tia-Ardisia silveslris Pitard, Thien \y huang-Embelia parviflora Wall, ex A.
DC. (Myrsinaceae); Trdm den-Canarium tramdenum Dai & Yakovl. (Burseraceae); Xuong ca- I Canthium dicoccum (tjaertn.) Teysm. & Binn. (Rubiaeeae); Cd oi la db-Castanopsis hyslraK. 1 DC, Soi gai-Caslanopsis lessella Hickel & A. Camus, S6i bdc giang-Lilhocarpm il bacgiangensis (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus, Gie do-Lilhocarpus balansae (Drake) A.
Camus, Soi ban czu-Liihocarpus hemisphaericus (Drake) Bamett, Soi qud niim-Lilhocarpus jj mucronalus (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus, S6i C{nang-Quercus chrysocalyx Hickel & A, Camus, Sol diia-Quercus plalycalyx Hickel & A. Camus (Fagaceae); Khdo xanh-Cinnadenia paniculala (Hook, f.) Kosterm. (Lauraceae); Cho nau-Dipterocarpus retusus Blume (Dipterocarpaceae); Hd thu 6 db-Fallopia mulliflora (Thunb.) Haraldson (Polygonaceae); Bo beo den-Goniothalamus vielnamensis Ban (Annonaceae); Than linh Id nhb-Kibatalia laurifolia (Ridl.) Woodson, Ba gac vbng-Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill. (Apocynaceae); Hoi nudc- Limnophila rugosa (Roth.) Merr. (Scrophulariaceae); Thiet dmh-Markhamia stipulala (Wall.) Seem, ex Schum var. kerrii Sprague (Bignoniaceae); Rau saxig-Melientha suavis Piemi (Qpiliaceae), Gioi \bng-Michelia balansae (DC.) Dandy, Gidi \yia-Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun (Magnoliaceae); Cii dbm-Slephania dielslana C. Y. Wu, Cu gib-Tlnospora sagiltata (Oliv.) Gagnep. (Menispermaceae); Ma lien ca thay-Strychnos cathayensis Merr. (Loganiaceae);
Tang ky sinh-Taxillus gracllifoUus (Schult. f.) Ban (Loranthaceae); Cue bge dku-Vernonia bonapariei Gagnep. (Asteraeeae); Song mat-Calamus plaiyacanthus Warb. ex. Becc.
(Arecaceae); Pha \\sa-Tacca subflabellata P. P. Ling & C. T. Ting (Taccaceae).
Phdn hang EN co: Pa mn-Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) A. Henry & Thomas (Cupressaceae);
Ld duang db-Alnlphyllum eberhartii Guillaum. (Styracaceae); Tram huang-^^uv'''"'3 crassna J Pierre ex Lecomte (Thymelaeaceae); Mucmg \ihao-Hainania trlchosperma Merr. (Tiliaceae); | Soi \ihang-Lithocarpus cerebrinus (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus; Soi qua chuong- Liihocarpuspodocarpus Chun; De cau long trang-Liihocarpus vestitus (Hickel & A. Camus) A. j Camus (Fagaceae); Sen mat-Madhuca pasquyeri (Dubard) H. J. Lam (Sapotaceae); Gy lau-
Sindora tonkinensis A. Chev. ex K. & S. S. Larsen. (Caesalpiniaceae). ' Phan hang CR co Vii huang-Cinnamomumparthenoxylon (Jack.) Meisn. (Lauraceae).
2. Nhung Ioai thuc v?t bac cao co mach quy hiem co ten trong danh sach CITES d \
KBTTN Khe R6 j Theo Quylt dinh so 54/2006/QD-BNN ngay 5/7/2006 ve viec cong bo danh myc cdc loai |
dpng, thyc vgt hoang dd quy djnh trong cdc phu luc ciia cong uac ve buon bdn quoc t^ cac loai , dpng, thuc val hoang dd nguy cdp. Theo db KBTTN Khe Ro co 7 lodi Ithupc 6 chi, 6 hp (chiem 0,66%; 1,04%; 4% s6 lodi, chi, h p a Khe R6) a 2 phu lyc II va III. Phu luc II la Iodi se bj de dpa tuyet chiing co 5 lodi (71,43%) va phu luc III la Iodi theo quy dinh moi qu6c gia dk ngdn chan hay han che khai thdc co 2 lodi (28,57%). Cac loai ndm trong 3 nganh. Da s6 Iodi a 2 nganh Polypodiophyta 3 Iodi a phu luc II (42,86%) va Pinophyta co 3 lodi (42,86%) I Ioai a phy lyc II va 2 Ioai phu luc III, Magnoliophyta chi co 1 Ioai a phu luc II (14,29%). Danh sdch cdc loai phu lyc 11: Long cu W-Cibotiiim barometz (L.) J. Sm. (Diksoniaceae); Rdng gd nhl^n-Cyaihea giganlhea (Wall, ex Hook.) Holttum; Rang go dky-Cyathea podophtylla (Hook.) Copel.
(Cyatheaceae); Ink ha\an5a-Cycas balansae Warb. (Cycadaceae); Tram h\iang-Aquylaria j crassna Pierre ex Lecomte (Thymelaeaceae). Danh sach cdc Iodi phy lyc 111: Day \nan-Gnelum ] montanum Markgr. (Gnetaceae); Thong Ire la dai-Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don (Podocarpaceae).
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3. Nhfrng 'o^' ^^V^ ^^* ^^^ *^*** ^^ mach nguy cap, quy, hiem co ten trong Nghi dinh so 3i/2006/ND-CF cua Chioh phu
Thupc nhom 11 Nghj dinh nay la cac loai thyc vdt rung bi ban che khai thdc sir dyng vi muc dich thuang mai, a KBTTN Khe R6 CO 12 loai thupc 9 chi, 8 ho (chi6m 1,14%; 1,56%; 5,33%
s6 loai, chi, hp b Khe R6), chiSm 14,81% so lodi trong Nghi dinh so 32/2006/ND-CP a Viet Nam. Cac Ioai ndm trong 2 nganh. Hdu h6t thupc ngdnh Magnoliophyta co 10 lodi (83,33%), con Iai Id Pinophyta co 2 Ioai (16,67%). Dahh sach cac Iodi: Tug balansa-Cycaj balansae Warb.
(Cycadaceae); Pa mu-Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) A. Heniy & Thomas (Cupressaceae); Vii hvang-Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack.) Meisn. (Lauraceae); Lim xanh-Erythrophleum fordii Oliv.; Gu \a.n-Sindora tonkinensis A. Chev. ex K. & S. S. Larsen. (Caesalpiniaceae);
Hodng dkng-Fibraurea tinctoria Lour.; Cu dbm-Slephania dielslana C. Y. Wu, Binh voi- Stephania rotunda Lour.; Ddy loi t\hn-Stephania sinica Diels (Menispermaceae); Trai ly- Garcinia fagraeoides A. Chev (Clusiaceae); Thiet dmh-Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Seem, ex Schum var. kerrii Sprague (Bignoniaceae); Chdn trdu xanh-Nervillia aragoana Gaudich.
(Orchiadaceae).
4. Nhii'ng loai thuc vdt dac hiru Viet Nam
d KBTTN Khe R6 co 5 loai thyc vat dac hiJu Viet Nam thupc 5 chi, 4 ho (chiein 0,47%;
0,87%; 2,67% s6 loai, chi, hp a Khe Ro) va hodn todn thupc nganh Magnoliophyta (lap Magnoliopsida). So voi so Iodi dac hiru ciia cd nuac chi chiem 0,25%. Danh sach cdc loai: Thoi chanh h^c-Alangium tonkinense Gagnep, (Alangiaceae); Teo nbng-Slreblus tonkinensis (Dub. &
Eberh.) Com. (Moraceae); Tram-Syzyium boisianum (Gagnep.) Merr. & Perry (Myrtaceae); Cue h^c-Thespis tonkinensis Gagnep., Cue bac dau-Vernonla bonapariei Gagnep. (Asteraeeae).
NhQng loai thyc vdt can ddc hiru Viet Nam a KBTTN Khe R6 co 34 lodi thupc 29 chi, 25 hp (chiem 3,22%; 5,03%; 16,67% so Iodi, chi, ho a Khe Ro) vd hoan todn thupc nganh Magnoliophyta (lap Magnoliopsida co 29 lodi, chiem 85,29% vd Liliopsida c6 5 loai, chigm 14,70%). Danh sach cac loai: Mac ca Id dan-Allophyluspetelotii Merr. (Sapindaceae); La duong Ab-Alniphylliim eberhartii Guillaum. (Styracaceae); Sy bdc ho-Alseodaphne tonkinensis! Liou;
'Hb'Neolitsea angustifoUa A. Chev.; No dau-Neolitsea elaeocarpa Liou (Lauraceae); Den gai- Amaranlhus spinosus L. (Amaranthaceae); Trung g^nan-Ancistrocladiis scandens fLour.) Merr.
(Ancistrocladaceae); Khoi t\a-Ardisia silveslris Pitard (Myrsinaceae); Cap bac bo-Capparis tonkinensis Gagnep.; Man man trang-Cleome gynandra L., Day cavn-Slixis fasciculala (King) Gagnep. (Capparaceae); Co tnai-Colonapoilanei Gagnep. (Tiliaceae); Chac khe bac-Dyxoxyhim tonkinensis A. Chev. ex Pell. (Meliaceae); Nhot rung-Elaeagnits bonii Lecomte (Elaeagnaceae);
Beo txmg-Gomphandra mollis Merr. (Icacinaceae); Xuan liet da\-Juslicia longiila Benoist;
Xuan liet t'\en-Juslicia mometaria Benoist; Cham meo-Slrobilanihes cusia (Nees) Kunlz.; Cam nkg-SlrobilanIhe tonkinensis Lindau (Acanthaceae); Mdu cho Id \an-Knema pierrei Warrb.
(Myristicaceae); S6i phang-Lithocarpus cerebrinus (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus (Fagaceae);
Giom bac-Melodiniis tonkinensis Pitard (Apocynaceae); Ddy bim h\m-Merremia bimbim (Gagnep.) Ooslrt. (Convolvulaceae); Ngdy huong-Rubiis cochinchinensis Trait. (Rosaceae);
^bng-Saiirauia dlllenoides Gagnep. (Aclinidiaceae), Chdn chim \eo-Schefflera leucanlha R- Vig.; Dang chan chxm-Schefflera pes-avis R.Vig.; Chdn chim nin-Scheffera petelotii Merr.
(Araliaceae); Tau m\xo\-Vatica diospyroides Symingl (Dipterocarpaceae); Kay-Alocasia macrorhizos (L.) G. Don (Araceae); Kim than \an-Collabiiim chloranthum ('Gagnep.) Seidenf.;
Kim thoa-Lidsia morsel Rolfe (Orchidaceae); Co long \gn-Lophopogon inlermedms A. Camus (Poaceae); Dua bac hq-Pandanus tonkinensis Martelli ex. B. Stone (Pandanaceae).
NhOng lodi ihyc vat can ddc hifu hep gap a vimg Dong Bdc Bp a KBTTN Khe R6 co 9 lodi thupc 9 chi, 7 hp (chigin 0,85%; 1,56%; 4,67% so Iodi, chi, ho 6 Khe R6) va hodn loan thuoc 527
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nganh Magnoliophyta (lap Magnoliopsida 8 lodi, chiem 0,76% vd lap Liliopsida 1 lodi chiim 0,09%). Danh sdch cdc Iodi: Bac than p'lens-Argyreia pierreana Bois (Convolvulaceae); Trj hoa vdng yen txx-CamelUa rosmanii Ninh; Che canh-War//a tonkinensis Merr. (Theaceae); De gai yen thi-Caslanopsis boisH Hickel & A. Camus; S6i da db-Lithocarpus ducampH (Hickel &
A. Camus) A. Camus (Fagaceae); Bo beo den-Goniothalamus vielnamensis Ban (Annonaceae);
Trdng hoa ngin-Linociera brachythyrsa Merr. (Oleaceae); Khdo la to-Machilus grandifolia S.
K. Lee & F. N. Wei (Lauraceae); True son d^ng-Indosasa sondongensis T. Q. Nguyen (Poaceae). Noi chung cac lodi ddc hiru vd can ddc hiiu a KBTTN Khe Ro co 48 lodi thupc 43 chi, 33 hp (chiem 4,55%; 7,45%; 22% so loai, chi, hp 6 Khe R6) vd hoan toan thupc nganh Magnoliophyta (lop Magnoliopsida 42 lodi, chigm 87,50% vd Liliopsida co 6 lodi chiem 12,50% so Iodi dac hiJu va can dac huu a Khe Ro).
HI. KET LUAN
Lodi bj de dpa co nguy ca tuyet chimg ngoai thien nhien, co ten trong Sach Do Viet Nam (2007) vd Danh luc Do Viet Nam (2007) c6 45 Iodi thupc 38 chi vd 28 hp (chiem 4,27%; 6,59%;
18,67% s6 Iodi, chi, hp a Khe R6). Hau het cac lodi a phan hang Se nguy cap (VU): 36 loai (80%), il hon nhiSu Id Nguy cdp (EN) 8 lodi (17,78%) vd Rdt nguy cap (CR) chi co 1 M\
(2,22%). Loai co ten trong Danh sach CITES ve cdc loai thuc vat hoang da quy djnh trong cac Phu luc cua Cong uac ve buon ban quoc te cdc Iodi thyc vdt hoang da nguy cap co 7 loai thupc 6 chi, 6 hp (chiem 0,66%; 1,04%; 4% s6 loai, chi, hg a Khe Ro), a Phy lyc II Id lodi se bj de dpa tuyet chiing co 5 Iodi (71,43%i) vd Phu luc III la loai theo quy djnh moi quoc gia de ngan chan hay hah che khai thdc co 2 lodi (28,57%).
Loai CO ten trong Nghj dinh so 32/2006/ND-CP cua Chinh phCi, Nhom 11 Id cdc lodi thirc vdt rirng bj h^n che khai thdc, sir dung vi myc dich thuang mai, a KBTTN Khe R6 co 12 loai thupc 9 chi, 8 hp (chiem 1,14%; 1,56%; 5,33% s6 loai, chi, hp a Khe R6). Loai ddc hiru vdc^n ddc huu Viet Nam cr KBTTN Khe Ro co 48 Iodi thupc 43 chi, 33 hp (chilm 4,55%; 7,45%; 22%
so lodi, chi, hg a Khe Ro). Trong do ddc hiJu c6 5 Ioai thyc vat thupc 5 chi, 4 hp (chiem 0,47%;
0,87%; 2,67% s6 loai, chi, hp a Khe R6), can dac hifu co 34 lodi thupc 29 chl, 25 hp (chiem 3,22%; 5,03%; 16,67% s6 loai, chi, hg a Khe R6) va can dac huu hep g§p a viing Dong Bdc Bp CO 9 loai thugc 9 chi, 7 ho (chigm 0,85%; 1,56%; 4,67% so Iodi, chi, hp a Khe R6), tdt cd cac lodi dgu thugc nganh Magnoliophyta.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyin Tiln Ban (chu bien) v& cs., 2003. Danh luc cac loai thyc vdt Vi?l Nam. NXB. Nong nghiep, HaNoi, tap2.
2. Nguyen Tien Ban (chu bien) vi cs., 2005. Danh luc cac loai thyc vdt Vi?t Nam. NXB. Nong nghiep, HdNpi, lap3.
3. B§ Khoa hpc va Cong nghe, Vien Khoa hpc vd Cong nghf Viet Nam, 2007. Sdch Do Vift Nam, Phdn 2-Thuc vat. NXB. KHTN & CN.
4. Bp Khoa hpc va Cong nghf, Vien Khoa hoc va Cong ngh? Vi^t Nam, 2007. Danh lyc Do Vl^t Nam. NXB. KHTN & CN.
5. Bg Nong nghiep va Phat triSn nong thon, 2006. Quygt djnh vk vi|c cong b6 Danh myc cic loii dpng, Ihuc val hoang da quy djnh trong cac phu luc cua Cong udc ve buon bdn quoc te cdc lodi dpng, thyc vat hoang da nguy cdp (CITES).
6. Chinh phii nu-6c Cpng hoa Xd h$i Chu nghla Vift Nam, 2006. Nghj djnh \k quan ly Ihyc v^t rimg, dpng vat rirng nguy cdp quy, hiSm s6 32/2006/ND-CP ngdy 30/3/2006.
7 Trung tam Nghien cuu Tai nguyen va Moi trutmg (DHQG Hd Npi), 2001. Danh lyc cac lodi thiic vdt Viet Nam. NXB. Nong nghiep. Ha Npi, ldp 1.
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THE RARE AND VALUABLE SPECIES OF HIGHER VASCULAR PLANT IN KHE RO NATURE RESERVE, BAC GIANG PROVINCE
NGUYEN KHAC KHOI, DO HUU THU, NGUYEN TIEN DUNG NGUYEN THl YEN, TRAN THl PHUONG ANH
SUMMARY
The rare and valuable species of higher vascular plant in Khe Ro Nature Reserve, Bac Giang province as follows: The are 45 species belonging 38 genera and 28 families, threatened species listed in tfie Red Data Book of \fietnam (2007) (take 4.27%, 6.59%, 18.67% of total species, genera and families in Khe Ro flora), among them only one species in Critical endangered (CR) criteria (lake 2.22%), 8 species in Endangered (EN) criteria (take 17.78%) and 36 species in Vulnerable (VU) crileria {take 80%) The Magnoliophyta is the most diverse division representing 42 species (93.33%), Pinophyta has 2 species (4.44%) and Polypodiophyta has only one species (2.22%).
There are 7 species belonging 6 genera and 6 families listed in CITES (take 0.66%, 1.04%, 4% of total species, genera and families in Khe Ro flora). The Polypodiophyta has 3 species (42 86%). Pinophyta has 3 species (42 86%) and Magnoliophyta has only one species (14.29%). There are 12 species belonging 9 genera and 8 families listed in Decree 32/2006/ND-CP by Vietnam Goverment (take 1.14%, 1.56%, 5.33% of total species, genera and families in Khe Ro flora) The Magnoliophyta is the most diverse division representing 10 spedes (83.33%) and Pinophyta has 2 species (16.67%). There are 48 species belonging 43 genera and 33 families listed in Vietnam endemic element occupying (lake 4.55%, 7.45%, 22% of total species, genera and families in Khe Ro flora), all of them was in Magnoliophyta.
